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1.	Ekman, Simon, et al. (författare) Clinical value of using serological cytokeratins as therapeutic markers in thoracic malignancies 2007 Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 27:5B, s. 3545-3553 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness among physicians of the value of therapeutic interventions in patients suffering from lung cancer and mesothelioma. A search for an optimal approach using surgery, irradiation and chemotherapy in different settings of the tumour disease, including curatively aimed adjuvant chemotherapy after locoregional surgery or radiotherapy, has resulted in gradually improved survival rates. Still, early detection is crucial if there is to be a possibility of curing patients or prolonging life in cases of relapsed disease. Several studies have been initiated in which surrogate markers are evaluated in comparison to chest X-rays and computer tomography. The present review focuses on the predictive and prognostic value of using serological cytokeratins as tumour markers for patients suffering from thoracic malignancies.
2.	Korzhavyi, Pavel, et al. (författare) Defect-Induced Magnetic Structure in (Ga1-xMnx)As 2002 Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007. ; 88, s. 187202- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
3.	Svensson, Peter, et al. (författare) Desmopressin in treatment of haematological disorders and in prevention of surgical bleeding. 2014 Ingår i: Blood Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1681 .- 0268-960X. ; 28:3, s. 95-102 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Stimulation with the vasopressin analogue desmopressin (DDAVP) of extrarenal arginine vasopressin (AVP) V2-receptors in endothelial cells and possible in platelets increases the circulating levels of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), von Willebrand factor (VWF) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). The purpose of this paper is to provide an updated review of current information on the efficacy and safety of DDAVP in the treatment of haemophilia, von Willebrand disease (VWD), uremia, liver cirrhosis, and in congenital or drug-induced platelet dysfunction - under surgical or non-surgical conditions. In summary, desmopressin is an effective haemostatic drug that when administered i.v., s.c. or intranasally increases plasma levels of FVIII and VWF 2-6 times and improves platelet function. It has a proven haemostatic efficacy in mild haemophilia A and VWD as well as in uremia, liver cirrhosis and in congenital and acquired, drug induced platelet dysfunction. Desmopressin has few side effects but observation is advised in small children and elderly.
4.	Atodiresei, N., et al. (författare) Controlling the Magnetization Direction in Molecules via Their Oxidation State 2008 Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 100:11 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract By means of ab initio calculations we predict that it is possible to manipulate the magnetization direction in organic magnetic molecules by changing their oxidation state. We demonstrate this novel effect on the Eu2(C8H8)3 molecule, in which the hybridization of the outer π ring states with the Eu4f states causes a redistribution of the orbitals around the Fermi level leading to a strong ferromagnetism due to a hole-mediated exchange mechanism. As a key result, we predict an oscillatory behavior of the easy axis of the magnetization as a function of the oxidation state of the molecule—a new effect, which could lead to new technological applications.
5.	Beebe, Hugh G., et al. (författare) Classification and grading of chronic venous disease in the lower limbs : A consensus statement 1996 Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 12:4, s. 487-92 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
6.	Belhadji, Brahim, et al. (författare) Trends of exchange interactions in dilute magnetic semiconductors 2007 Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 19:43, s. 436227- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We discuss the importance of different exchange mechanisms like double exchange, p–d exchange and anti-ferromagnetic as well as ferromagnetic superexchange in dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs). Based on the coherent potential approximation for the electronic structure of the DMSs we show that the different mechanisms exhibit different dependences on the concentration of the magnetic impurities, on the hybridization with the wavefunctions of neighbouring impurities and on the position of the Fermi level in the band gap. However, common to all mechanisms is that, as long as half-metallicity is preserved, they are determined by the hybridization with the orbitals of neighbouring impurities and of the resulting energy gain due to the formation of bonding and anti-bonding hybrids. By calculating the exchange coupling constants Jij(EF) as a function of the position of the Fermi level we obtain a universal trend for the exchange interactions with band filling.
7.	Bemark, Mats, 1967, et al. (författare) A Unique Role of the Cholera Toxin A1-DD Adjuvant for Long-Term Plasma and Memory B Cell Development 2011 Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 186:3, s. 1399-1410 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Adjuvants have traditionally been appreciated for their immunoenhancing effects, whereas their impact on immunological memory has largely been neglected. In this paper, we have compared three mechanistically distinct adjuvants: aluminum salts (Alum), Ribi (monophosphoryl lipid A), and the cholera toxin A1 fusion protein CTA1-DD. Their influence on long-term memory development was dramatically different. Whereas a single immunization i.p. with 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (NP)-chicken γ-globulin and adjuvant stimulated serum anti-NP IgG titers that were comparable at 5 wk, CTA1-DD–adjuvanted responses were maintained for >16 mo with a half-life of anti-NP IgG ∼36 wk, but <15 wk after Ribi or Alum. A CTA1-DD dose-dependent increase in germinal center (GC) size and numbers was found, with >60% of splenic B cell follicles hosting GC at an optimal CTA1-DD dose. Roughly 7% of these GC were NP specific. This GC-promoting effect correlated well with the persistence of long-term plasma cells in the bone marrow and memory B cells in the spleen. CTA1-DD also facilitated increased somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation of NP-specific IgG Abs in a dose-dependent fashion, hence arguing that large GC not only promotes higher Ab titers but also high-quality Ab production. Adoptive transfer of splenic CD80+, but not CD80−, B cells, at 1 y after immunization demonstrated functional long-term anti-NP IgG and IgM memory cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report to specifically compare and document that adjuvants can differ considerably in their support of long-term immune responses. Differential effects on the GC reaction appear to be the basis for these differences.
8.	Bergqvist, D, et al. (författare) Extraanatomic vascular reconstruction in patients with aorto-iliac arteriosclerosis 1984 Ingår i: Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. - 0001-5482. ; 150:3, s. 205-209 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract During an 11-year period 117 extraanatomic reconstructions were made for aorto-iliac arteriosclerosis; 36 axillofemoral and 81 femorofemoral crossover bypasses. The patients were old and had several factors making them poor risks for surgery. Axillofemoral grafts were more often used in patients with malignant disease. Postoperative mortality was 10% without difference between the two types of reconstruction. Both early and late complications were significantly more frequent in patients with axillofemoral bypass. Reoperations for occlusion and symptoms from the donor side also were significantly more common among axillofemoral patients. Life table analysis showed a higher survival and patency rate among patients with crossover grafts.
9.	Bergqvist, David, et al. (författare) Treatment of mesenteric vein thrombosis 2010 Ingår i: Seminars in Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0895-7967 .- 1558-4518. ; 23:1, s. 65-68 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Mesenteric vein thrombosis has a similar clinical course as arterial, although more prolonged. In the majority of cases conventional anticoagulant treatment should be used and is often successful. The duration should be at least 6 months. Thrombolysis has been used, both systemic and local, although only in small series. Surgery is indicated when there is peritonitis, when often bowel resection is necessary. Thrombectomy has been used infrequently.
10.	Bergqvist, Ewa, 1971- (författare) Mathematics and mathematics education - two sides of the same coin : creative reasoning in university exams in mathematics 2006 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Avhandlingen består av två ganska olika delar som ändå har en del gemensamt. Del A är baserad på två artiklar i matematik och del B är baserad på två matematikdidaktiska artiklar. De matematiska artiklarna utgår från ett begrepp som heter polynomkonvexitet. Grundidén är att man skulle kunna se vissa ytor som en sorts ”tak” (tänk på taket till en carport). Alla punkter, eller positioner, ”under taket” (ungefär som de platser som skyddas från regn av carporttaket) ligger i något som kallas ”polynomkonvexa höljet.” Tidigare forskning har visat att för ett givet tak och en given punkt så finns det ett sätt att avgöra om punkten ligger ”under taket”. Det finns nämligen i så fall alltid en sorts matematisk funktion med vissa egenskaper. Finns det ingen sådan funktion så ligger inte punkten under taket och tvärt om; ligger punkten utanför taket så finns det heller ingen sådan funktion. Jag visar i min första artikel att det kan finnas flera olika sådana funktioner till en punkt som ligger under taket. I den andra artikeln visar jag några exempel på hur man kan konstruera sådana funktioner när man vet hur taket ser ut och var under taket punkten ligger. De matematikdidaktiska artiklarna i avhandlingen handlar om vad som krävs av studenterna när de gör universitetstentor i matematik. Vissa uppgifter kan gå att lösa genom att studenterna lär sig någonting utantill ur läroboken och sen skriver ner det på tentan. Andra går kanske att lösa med hjälp en algoritm, ett ”recept,” som studenterna har övat på att använda. Båda dessa sätt att resonera kallas imitativt resonemang. Om uppgiften kräver att studenterna ”tänker själva” och skapar en (för dem) ny lösning, så kallas det kreativt resonemang. Forskning visar att elever i stor utsträckning väljer att jobba med imitativt resonemang, även när uppgifterna inte går att lösa på det sättet. Mycket pekar också på att de svårigheter med att lära sig matematik som elever ofta har är nära kopplat till detta arbetssätt. Det är därför viktigt att undersöka i vilken utsträckning de möter olika typer av resonemang i undervisningen. Den första artikeln består av en genomgång av tentauppgifter där det noggrant avgörs vilken typ av resonemang som de kräver av studenterna. Resultatet visar att studenterna kunde bli godkända på nästan alla tentorna med hjälp av imitativt resonemang. Den andra artikeln baserades på intervjuer med sex av de lärare som konstruerat tentorna. Syftet var att ta reda på varför tentorna såg ut som de gjorde och varför det räckte med imitativt resonemang för att klara dem. Det visade sig att lärarna kopplade uppgifternas svårighetsgrad till resonemangstypen. De ansåg att om uppgiften krävde kreativt resonemang så var den svår och att de uppgifter som gick att lösa med imitativt resonemang var lättare. Lärarna menade att under rådande omständigheter, t.ex. studenternas försämrade förkunskaper, så är det inte rimligt att kräva mer kreativt resonemang vid tentamenstillfället.
11.	Bergqvist, Göran, et al. (författare) Rank probabilities for real random NxNx2 tensors 2011 Ingår i: Electronic Communications in Probability. - : Institute of Mathematical Statistics / Bernoulli society.. - 1083-589X. ; 16, s. 630-637 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We prove that the probability P_N for a real random Gaussian NxNx2 tensor to be of real rank N is P_N=(Gamma((N+1)/2))^N/G(N+1), where Gamma(x) and G(x) denote the gamma and the Barnes G-functions respectively. This is a rational number for N odd and a rational number multiplied by pi^{N/2} for N even. The probability to be of rank N+1 is 1-P_N. The proof makes use of recent results on the probability of having k real generalized eigenvalues for real random Gaussian N x N matrices. We also prove that log P_N= (N^2/4)log (e/4)+(log N-1)/12-zeta'(-1)+O(1/N) for large N, where zeta is the Riemann zeta function.
12.	Bergqvist, Lars, 1976-, et al. (författare) A theoretical study of half-metallic antiferromagnetic diluted magnetic semiconductors 2007 Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 19:21, s. 216220- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Based on electronic structure calculations and statistical methods, we investigate a new class of materials for spintronic applications: half-metallic antiferromagnetic diluted magnetic semiconductors (HMAF-DMSs). As shown recently by Akai and Ogura, these DMS systems contain equal amounts of low-valent and high-valent transition metal impurities, such that their local moments exactly compensate each other. We present ab initio calculations using the KKR-CPA and the PAW-supercell methods, and show that quite a few half-metallic antiferromagnets should exist. Our calculations demonstrate that the exchange coupling parameters in these systems are dominated by a strong antiferromagnetic interaction between the two impurities. The Néel temperatures are calculated by Monte Carlo simulations and in mean-field approximation. It is shown that the latter method strongly overestimates the critical temperatures and that the more realistic values obtained by Monte Carlo techniques are rather low.
13.	Bergqvist, Lars, 1976-, et al. (författare) Magnetic and electronic structure of (Ga1-xMnx)As 2003 Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 67:20, s. 205201- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We present theoretical calculations of the magnetic and electronic structure of Mn-doped GaAs (in the zinc-blende structure). The magnetic properties are shown to be very sensitive to structural defects, in particular, As antisite defects and Mn at interstitial positions. Only when considering such defects can the experimental magnetic moments be reproduced by first-principles theory. We present a simple model for understanding the connection between the magnetic ordering and the As antisites, and the way in which the defects help to stabilize a partial disordered local-moment state. The connection between the energetics of the Mn substitution and the As antisite concentration is also analyzed. In addition, we compare the calculated magnetic properties and electronic structures of Mn situated on substitutional sites (Mn replacing a Ga atom) and on interstitial sites, where in agreement with observations the interstitial site is found to be less favorable. Finally, combining our first-principles calculations of the spin-wave excitation energies with a classical Heisenberg Hamiltonian we have calculated interatomic exchange interactions, and using Monte Carlo simulations we present theoretical values of the critical temperature as a function of Mn concentration.
14.	Bergqvist, Lars, 1976-, et al. (författare) Volume dependence of the Curie temperatures in diluted magnetic semiconductors 2008 Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 77:1, s. 014418- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Using electronic structure methods and statistical methods, we have studied theoretically the volume dependence of the exchange interactions and Curie temperatures in the diluted magnetic semiconductors. In both Mn-doped GaAs and Mn-doped InAs, the calculated Curie temperatures from numerical exact Monte Carlo simulations are more or less constant for a large volume interval. We have compared the exchange mechanisms in Mn-doped GaAs using both the local density approximation (LDA) and the LDA+U method. It is demonstrated that the magnetic properties are understood within Zener’s p-d exchange model for the LDA+U, while in LDA they reflect a mixture between double and p-d exchange mechanisms.
15.	Bergqvist, Peter B F (författare) Tryptophan-related Neurotransmission in the Brain: Disturbances Associated with Experimental Hepatic Encephalopathy 1997 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract In the present study, L-tryptophan (TRP)-related disturbances in the brain in experimental hepatic encephalopathy (HE) were investigated. The endogenous NMDA-receptor agonist and L-TRP metabolite quinolinic acid (QUIN) has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of HE. We were, however, unable to detect any increases in QUIN levels in rats subjected to a chronic portacaval shunt (PCS) either in plasma, brain tissue, or brain extracellular fluid. Furthermore, administration of ammonium acetate (NH4Ac) or L-TRP did not result in any difference in QUIN levels between PCS and sham-operated rats. The other main part of the actual study concerned investigations on the release of serotonin (5-HT) in the brain in HE. Despite a previously evidenced profound increase in brain metabolism of 5-HT in experimental HE, the neocortical release of 5-HT was found not to be changed in this situation. Challenges with L-TRP did not mainly affect the brain 5-HT release in either sham or PCS. NH4Ac administration caused a transient increase in brain 5-HT release of PCS rats during a time-period at which these rats were in a state of reversible coma. KCl provocation also resulted in clear elevations of the 5-HT output of PCS rats compared with matched controls. No difference in the 5-HT response to a d-fenfluramine (dFEN) administration was seen between sham and PCS rats. A clear difference in brain 5-HT release was, however, observed following p-chloroamphetamine (pCA) perfusion possibly indicating a larger extravesicular pool of 5-HT in PCS rats than in the brains of the sham-operated controls. In a final study, differences in pharmacodynamics as well as pharmacokinetics for the serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram were observed between PCS and sham. It is concluded that QUIN is not involved to any major extent in the pathogeneis of HE. The basal brain 5-HT release in not altered in experimental chronic PSE but an augmented neocortical 5-HT release compared with the normal in vivo situation is available under certain conditions. Based on these data a more restrictive use for e.g. potent novel 5-HT-acting drugs should be advocated in patients suffering from liver dysfunction and pending HE.
16.	Bergqvist, Peter, 1978, et al. (författare) Gut IgA class switch recombination in the absence of CD40 does not occur in the lamina propria and is independent of germinal centers. 2006 Ingår i: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). - 0022-1767. ; 177:11, s. 7772-83 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Conflicting findings have recently been presented as to the sites and sources of B cells that undergo class switch recombination (CSR) to IgA in the gut. In this study we provide compelling evidence in CD40(-/-) mice demonstrating that IgA CSR can be independent of CD40 signaling and germinal center formation and does not occur in the gut lamina propria (LP) itself. We found that CD40(-/-) mice had near normal levels of gut total IgA despite lacking germinal centers and completely failing to raise specific responses against the T cell-dependent Ags cholera toxin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The Peyer's patches in CD40(-/-) mice expressed unexpectedly high levels of activation-induced cytidine deaminase mRNA and germline alpha transcripts, but few postswitch circular DNA transcripts, arguing against significant IgA CSR. Moreover and more surprisingly, wild-type mice exhibited no to low IgA CSR in mesenteric lymph nodes or isolated lymphoid follicles. Importantly, both strains failed to demonstrate any of the molecular markers for IgA CSR in the gut LP itself. Whereas all of the classical sites for IgA CSR in the GALT in CD40(-/-) mice appeared severely compromised for IgA CSR, B cells in the peritoneal cavity demonstrated the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase mRNA comparable to that of wild-type mice. However, peritoneal cavity B cells in both strains expressed intermediate levels of the germinal center marker GL7 and exhibited no germline alpha transcripts, and only three of 51 mice analyzed showed the presence of postswitch circular DNA transcripts. Taken together, these findings strongly argue for alternative inductive sites for gut IgA CSR against T cell-independent Ags outside of the GALT and the nonorganized LP.
17.	Bergqvist, Peter, 1978 (författare) Intestinal IgA synthesis: Localization and requirements for IgA class switch recombination 2009 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Production of IgA at mucosal surfaces is one of the most striking features of the mucosal immune system. Despite that IgA was first discovered in the 1950’s and secretory IgA described in gut secretions and breast milk in the mid 1960’s we still have limited information about the sites and exact requirements for IgA class switch recombination. The aim of this thesis work was to investigate potential locations for induction of T-independent IgA responses using CD40 deficient mice as a model. Furthermore, as germ free mice have very poor IgA levels in the gut lamina propria (LP) we investigated whether this is because of a lack of IgA CSR at the inductive sites or whether the commensal flora is involved in maintaining IgA plasma cells at the effector site in the LP itself. Finally we used new ways of assessing the development of T-dependent IgA responses during oral immunizations using NP-hapten-conjugated cholera toxin as our oral immunogen. CD40-/- mice have very low levels of serum IgG, are unable to form GC and as a consequence, cannot respond to TD antigens. However, we found that CD40-/- mice hosted near normal levels of IgA plasma cells in the gut LP, indicating that IgA CSR was intact and could occur in the absence of GC-formations and CD40-signalling. The ongoing controversy between researchers claiming evidence for two types of IgA CSR processes in the gut; one TD in the organized gut associated lymphoid system (GALT), and another pathway dependent on the commensal flora and ongoing in the non-organized LP itself, prompted us to investigate these theories in more detail using CD40-/- mice and molecular markers for IgA CSR. We found no evidence for IgA CSR in the gut LP and that IgA CSR was restricted to the GALT and the Peyer’s patches (PP), in particular. In support of this notion, we observed clonally related Ig heavy chain variable sequences in widely separated segments of small intestinal biopsies, suggesting a common source rather than a disseminated process in the non-organized gut tissue. In addition, analyzing the GL7int cells for molecular markers of IgA CSR clearly showed that the cells could undergo IgA CSR despite not being derived from histologically detectable GCs. Therefore, we believe that the main pathway for CD40-independent IgA CSR is via the PPs, as in WT mice, and that the IgA CSR precedes the GC-stage where somatic hypermutations are introduced. Furthermore, studies in germ free mice revealed that GCs were present and IgA CSR was ongoing in the PPs, despite the lack of commensal gut microflora. Therefore, we hypothesize that the effector site, the lamina propria, is deficient in supporting IgA responses. Finally, we studied TD IgA responses at a molecular level during oral immunizations using NP-CT conjugates as antigen. We found that repeated oral immunization generated affinity matured and clonally selected IgA responses originating from the GALT. Three immunizations generated 15% antigen specific IgA plasma cells in the LP, distributed evenly thoughout the intestine. In conclusion, we have provided evidence that TI IgA CSR occurs exclusively in the GALT prior to SHM in GCs. IgA CSR activity was never found in the non-organized LP, and peritoneal cavity B-cells do not significantly contribute to LP IgA plasma cells. Additionally, we show that the induction of IgA CSR is intact in GF mice, but subsequent IgA plasma cell development appears to be impaired, resulting in a 90% reduction in gut IgA plasma cells in the small and large intestine. Finally we show that TD IgA responses are efficiently generated in the GALT and that the responses early on undergo mutational selection events that result in high affinity IgA plasma cells seeding the gut LP.
18.	Bergqvist, Peter, 1978, et al. (författare) Re-utilization of germinal centers in multiple Peyer's patches results in highly synchronized, oligoclonal, and affinity-matured gut IgA responses. 2013 Ingår i: Mucosal immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1935-3456 .- 1933-0219. ; 6, s. 122-135 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Whereas gut IgA responses to the microbiota may be multi-centered and diverse, little is known about IgA responses to T-cell-dependent antigens following oral immunizations. Using a novel approach, gut IgA responses to oral hapten (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl-cholera toxin (NP-CT) conjugates were followed at the cellular and molecular level. Surprisingly, these responses were highly synchronized, strongly oligoclonal, and dominated by affinity matured cells. Extensive lineage trees revealed clonal relationships between NP-specific IgA cells in gut inductive and effector sites, suggesting expansion of the same B-cell clone in multiple Peyer's patches (PPs). Adoptive transfer experiments showed that this was achieved through re-utilization of already existing germinal centers (GCs) in multiple PPs by previously activated GC GL7(+) B cells, provided oral NP-CT was given before cell transfer. Taken together, these results explain why repeated oral immunizations are mandatory for an effective oral vaccine.Mucosal Immunology advance online publication 11 July 2012. doi:10.1038/mi.2012.56.
19.	Bergqvist, Peter, 1978, et al. (författare) T cell-independent IgA class switch recombination is restricted to the GALT and occurs prior to manifest germinal center formation 2010 Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - 0022-1767. ; 184:7, s. 3545-3553 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Recently, we reported that CD40–/– mice, exhibiting exclusively T cell-independent IgA class switch recombination (CSR), demonstrated near normal levels of IgA plasma cells in the gut lamina propria (LP), despite the complete lack of germinal centers (GCs). In this study, we have extended our analysis focusing on how to reconcile these findings using flow cytometry and molecular markers for IgA CSR. In agreement with our previous results with small intestinal LP, the colon LP was found to host IgA CSR only when lymphoid follicles were present. Thus, no IgA CSR was observed in the nonorganized colon LP. By contrast, the Peyer’s patch (PP) was the dominant IgA CSR site in both CD40–/– and wild type (WT) mice, and they both hosted similar levels of mRNA expression for B cell activating factor of the TNF family, a proliferation inducing ligand, and inducible NO synthase, potential switch-factors for IgA. Unexpectedly, we found that PP B cells undergoing IgA CSR were GL7-intermediate. These cells had not undergone somatic hypermutations (SHMs), whereas GL7-high cells in WT PP, which exhibited GCs, were heavily mutated. Moreover, IgA plasma cells in the LP of CD40–/– mice demonstrated few mutations in their Ig V regions, whereas WT LP B cells from different sites showed extensive SHMs, which were also clonally related. Therefore, IgA CSR can occur in PP at a stage preceding manifest GC (GL7-intermediate), whereas SHM require GC formations (GL7-high). These findings reconcile that IgA CSR can occur in PP in the absence of GC with the fact that CD40–/– mice host near normal levels of IgA plasma cells in the LP.
20.	Bergqvist, Viktoria, et al. (författare) Vedolizumab treatment for immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced enterocolitis 2017 Ingår i: Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-7004 .- 1432-0851. ; 66:5, s. 581-592 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPI), such as ipilimumab [anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibody] and nivolumab or pembrolizumab [anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibodies], improve survival in several cancer types. Since inhibition of CTLA-4 or PD-1 leads to non-selective activation of the immune system, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are frequent. Enterocolitis is a common irAE, currently managed with corticosteroids and, if necessary, anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy. Such a regimen carries a risk of serious side-effects including infections, and may potentially imply impaired antitumor effects. Vedolizumab is an anti-integrin α4β7 antibody with gut-specific immunosuppressive effects, approved for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. We report a case series of seven patients with metastatic melanoma or lung cancer, treated with vedolizumab off-label for ipilimumab- or nivolumab-induced enterocolitis, from June 2014 through October 2016. Clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, and histologic data were analyzed. Patients initially received corticosteroids but were steroid-dependent and/or partially refractory. One patient was administered infliximab but was refractory. The median time from onset of enterocolitis to start of vedolizumab therapy was 79 days. Following vedolizumab therapy, all patients but one experienced steroid-free enterocolitis remission, with normalized fecal calprotectin. This was achieved after a median of 56 days from vedolizumab start, without any vedolizumab-related side-effects noted. The patient in whom vedolizumab was not successful, due to active ulcerative colitis, received vedolizumab prophylactically. This is the first case series to suggest that vedolizumab is an effective and well-tolerated therapeutic for steroid-dependent or partially refractory ICPI-induced enterocolitis. A larger prospective study to evaluate vedolizumab in this indication is warranted.
21.	Blomgren, Lena, 1957-, et al. (författare) Changes in superficial and perforating vein reflux after varicose vein surgery 2005 Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0741-5214 .- 1097-6809. ; 42:2, s. 315-320 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVES:This prospective duplex study was conducted to study the effect of current surgical treatment for primary varicose veins on the development of venous insufficiency < or = 2 years after varicose vein surgery.METHODS:The patients were part of a randomized controlled study where surgery for primary varicose veins was planned from a clinical examination alone or with the addition of preoperative duplex scanning. Postoperative duplex scanning was done at 2 months and 2 years.RESULTS:Operations were done on 293 patients (343 legs), 74% of whom were women. The mean age was 47 years. In 126 legs, duplex scanning was done preoperatively, at 2 months and 2 years, and at 2 months and 2 years in 251 legs. Preoperative perforating vein incompetence (PVI) was present in 64 of 126 legs. Perforator ligation was not done on 42 of these; at 2 months, 23 of these legs (55%) had no PVI, and at 2 years, 25 legs (60%) had no PVI. Sixty-one legs had no PVI preoperatively, 5 (8%) had PVI at 2 months, and 11 (18%) had PVI at 2 years. In the group of 251 legs, reversal of PVI between 2 months and 2 years was found in 28 (41%) of 68 and was more common than new PVI, which occurred in 41 (22%) of 183 (P = .003). After 2 years, the number of legs without venous incompetence in which perforator surgery was not performed was 11 (26%) of 42 legs with preoperative PVI and 18 (30%) of 61 legs without preoperative PVI, (P = .713). After 2 years, new vessel formation was more common in the surgically obliterated saphenopopliteal junction (SPJ), 4 (40%) of 10, than in the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ), 17 (11%) of 151(P = .027), and new incompetence in a previously normal junction was more common in the SFJ, 11 (18%) of 63, than in the SPJ, 3 (1%) of 226 (P < .001). Reflux in the great saphenous vein (GSV) below the knee was abolished after stripping above the knee in 17 (34%) of 50 legs at 2 months and in 22 legs (44%) after 2 years.CONCLUSIONS:Varicose vein surgery induces changes in the remaining venous segments of the legs that continue for several months. In most patients, perforators and the GSV below the knee can be ignored at the primary surgery. A substantial number of recurrences in the SFJ and SPJ are unavoidable with present surgical knowledge because they stem from new vessel formation and progression of disease.
22.	Borg, Kajsa, 1943-, et al. (författare) Slöjd i Sverige 2008 Ingår i: Nuläge och framåtblickar. - Vasa, Finland : NordFo. - 9789525097269 ; , s. 81-91 Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
23.	Costi, T. A., et al. (författare) Kondo Decoherence : Finding the Right Spin Model for Iron Impurities in Gold and Silver 2009 Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 102:5, s. 056802- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We exploit the decoherence of electrons due to magnetic impurities, studied via weak localization, to resolve a long-standing question concerning the classic Kondo systems of Fe impurities in the noble metals gold and silver: which Kondo-type model yields a realistic description of the relevant multiple bands, spin, and orbital degrees of freedom? Previous studies suggest a fully screened spin S Kondo model, but the value of S remained ambiguous. We perform density functional theory calculations that suggest S=3/2. We also compare previous and new measurements of both the resistivity and decoherence rate in quasi-one-dimensional wires to numerical renormalization group predictions for S=1/2, 1, and 3/2, finding excellent agreement forS=3/2.
24.	Dreilich, Martin, et al. (författare) Telomerase activity is not a key determinant of sensitivity to standard cytotoxic drugs in human esophageal carcinoma cell lines 2006 Ingår i: Anti-Cancer Drugs. - 0959-4973 .- 1473-5741. ; 17:5, s. 503-509 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate if basal telomerase activity levels may predict sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs in a panel of human esophageal carcinoma cell lines. The TRAPeze telomerase detection assay was used to investigate telomerase activity in the cell lines. Cytotoxic drug sensitivity for 20 standard cytotoxic agents was assessed using the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA). Telomerase activity was detected in all cell lines with a broad range of activity levels. Drug sensitivity also varied considerably between the cell lines. Except for a P value towards a correlation between mitoxantrone and telomerase activity (P=0.054), no statistically significant correlation was found between telomerase activity levels and sensitivity to investigated drugs, including key drugs such as cisplatin (P=0.9), 5-fluorouracil (P=0.8) and doxorubicin (P=0.54). We therefore conclude that basal telomerase activity level is not a key determinant of sensitivity to standard cytotoxic drugs in esophageal carcinoma cell lines.
25.	Ekberg, Olle, et al. (författare) Pharyngeal function after carotid endarterectomy 1989 Ingår i: Dysphagia. - 1432-0460. ; 4, s. 151-154 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
26.	Forssell, Claes, et al. (författare) Cranial nerve injuries associated with carotid endarterectomy 1985 Ingår i: Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. - 0001-5482. ; 151, s. 595-598 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
27.	Fujii, Hitoshi, et al. (författare) Interstitial Donor Codoping Method in (Ga, Mn)As to Increase Solubility of Mn and Curie Temperature 2011 Ingår i: APPL PHYS EXPRESS. - : The Japan Society of Applied Physics (JSAP). - 1882-0778. ; 4:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Based on first principles calculations, we propose a solubility control method of magnetic impurities in dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs). The low solubility of Mn in (Ga, Mn)As is experimentally and theoretically known. We show that donor atoms, such as Li, introduced at the interstitial sites in GaAs enhance the solubility of Mn. As a result, Mn can be doped to more than 20% in GaAs in the thermal equilibrium condition. The same effect can be seen when we dope Mn in GaAs with other interstitial donors, such as H, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, Cu, and Ag.
28.	Grzymala-Lubanski, Bartosz, 1980- (författare) Anticoagulation treatment in patients with a mechanical heart valve 2016 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract BackgroundEvery year about 2,500 patients in Sweden undergo surgery for heart valve disease, primarily in the aortic valve. In contrast to the mitral valve, which can be repaired in 70% of the cases, the aortic valve is normally replaced by a mechanical or biological prosthesis. A mechanical heart valve (MHV) necessitates lifelong anticoagulation treatment with a vitamin K antagonist, most commonly warfarin, due to the high thrombogenicity of the prosthesis. The quality of the warfarin treatment is crucial in these patients. Compared to other countries, treatment quality in Sweden is very high; nonetheless, there is always room for improvement. One of the ways to achieve this improvement is to implement computerized dosing assistance. Treatment recommendations for anticoagulation intensity are based on few and old studies, making these recommendations uncertain. There is therefore a need for studies designed to establish the appropriate level of anticoagulation therapy.AimThe aim of these studies was to investigate the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation treatment among patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses in Sweden; to assess whether computerized dosing can increase the treatment quality; to investigate the influence of the treatment quality, measured by Time in Therapeutic Range (TTR) and INR variability, on the risk of complications and, finally, to establish the optimal intensity of anticoagulation treatment in this group of patients.MethodsData were obtained from AuriculA – a national quality registry established in 2006, which currently includes approximately 50% of all patients treated with oral anticoagulation in Sweden.Study II used only data from AuriculA. 769,933 warfarin-dosing suggestions proposed by the dosing algorithm in AuriculA were analysed. Accepted dose suggestions (590,939) were compared with 178,994 manually-changed doses in regard to the resultant INR value, measured as mean error (deviation from target INR) and hit rate (number of INR samples within the target range 2-3).In study III, AuriculA was used to identify patients in Sundsvall and Malmö in the period 2008 – 2011 who were receiving warfarin for a mechanical heart valve prosthesis, as well as to retrieve their INR data. Data on background characteristics and bleedings or thromboembolic complications were manually retrieved from medical records by two investigators. A total of 534 patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses were divided into quartiles based on TTR and were compared regarding the risk of complications.For Studies I and IV, data from AuriculA were merged with the Swedish National Patient Register, SWEDEHEART/ Heart surgery, and the Swedish Cause of Death Register, comprising in total 77,423 patients on warfarin with 217,804 treatment years. Every treatment period registered in AuriculA was given an individual identification number. During the study period a patient could have any number of treatment periods. The number of complications in total and in different patient groups within the study population was investigated. Complications were defined by ICD-10 codes. Major bleeding was defined as an event necessitating hospital treatment and given a discharge diagnosis with one of the ICD-10 codes reflecting bleeding, as listed in the Appendix. Bleeding events were divided into intracranial, gastrointestinal and other bleedings. Thromboembolic complications consist of venous events (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, venous stroke) or arterial events (stroke, TIA, acute myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial embolism).Data were analysed using both simple, descriptive statistical methods and various tests such as Mann-Whitney (or two sample Wilcoxon), T-test, Chi 2 test, ANOVA, multivariate analysis with logistic regression and survival analysis with Cox Regression with proportional hazard assumption.ResultsTreatment quality Mean TTR among all patients in Study I was 76.5% whereas patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses had a TTR of 74.5%. The annual incidence of major bleeding or thromboembolic events among all patients was 2.24% and 2.65%, respectively. The incidence of intracranial bleeding was 0.37% per year in the general population and 0.51% among patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses, who also had a higher bleeding rate in total (3.37% per year).Both the mean and median errors were smaller (0.44 vs. 0.48 and 0.3 vs. 0.4, respectively) and the hit rate was higher (0.72 vs. 0.67) when the dose suggested by the algorithm was accepted, compared to when it was manually changed.TTR In Study III there was no significant difference in the risk of thromboembolism regardless of TTR level. Risk of bleeding in quartiles I and II was more than two times higher than in the quartile with TTR >82.9.In Study IV, lower TTR (≤70%) was associated with a significantly higher rate of complications when compared with TTR >70%. Bleeding risk was higher in the group with lower TTR (HR=2.43, CI 2.02-2.89, p<0.001). After dividing patients into TTR quartiles, the rate of complications in total was significantly higher in quartiles I to III compared with quartile IV, which had the highest TTR. Risk of thromboembolism, major bleeding and death was higher in the first and second quartile compared to the quartile with the highest TTR.INR variability Higher INR variability above mean (≥0.40) was related to a higher rate of complications compared with lower INR variability (<0.40) as shown in Study IV. Bleeding risk was higher in the group with INR variability ≥0.40 (HR = 2.15, CI 1.75-2.61, p<0.001).Comparison of quartile IV, which had the lowest INR variability, with the other three revealed that quartiles I and II, which had the highest INR variability, had significantly worse outcomes for all complications except for thromboembolic events, plus also death in quartile II.TTR and INR variability combined High variability and low TTR combined was associated with a higher risk of bleedings (HR 2.50, CI 1.99-3.15), death (3.34, CI 2.62-4-27) and thrombosis (1.55, CI 1.21-1.99) compared to the best group.Level of anticoagulation Higher warfarin treatment intensity (mean INR 2.8-3.2 vs. 2.2-2.7) was associated with a higher rate of bleedings (HR 1.29, CI 1.06-1.58), death (1.73, CI 1.38-2.16) and complications in total (1.24, CI 1.06-1.41) after adjustment for MHV position, age and comorbidity.ConclusionWarfarin treatment quality is crucial for patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses. Computerized dosing assistance could help maintain high warfarin treatment quality.Well-managed treatment with TTR ≥70% and INR variability below mean <0.40 is associated with a lower risk of serious complications compared with a lower TTR and higher INR variability.No benefit of higher warfarin treatment intensity was found for any valve type or position.
29.	Gupta, Rahul, et al. (författare) Engineering of spin mixing conductance at Ru/FeCo/Ru interfaces : Effect of Re doping 2020 Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 101:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We have deposited polycrystalline Re-doped (Fe65Co35)(100-x)Rex (0 ≤ x ≤ 12.6 at. %) thin films grown under identical conditions and sandwiched between thin layers of Ru in order to study the phenomenon of spin pumping as a function of Re concentration. In-plane and out-of-plane ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy results show an enhancement of the Gilbert damping with an increase in Re doping. We find 98% enhancement in the real part of effective spin mixing conductance [Re(g↑↓eff)] with Re doping. Conversely, the Re(g↑↓eff) does not change with Re doping in Fe65Co35 thin films which are seeded and capped with Cu layers. The enhancement in Re(g↑↓eff) of Re-doped Fe65Co35 thin films sandwiched between thin layers of Ru is linked to the Re doping-induced change of the interface electronic structure in the nonmagnetic Ru layer. The saturation magnetization decreases 35% with increasing Re doping up to 12.6 at. %. This study opens a direction of tuning the spin mixing conductance in magnetic heterostructures by doping of the ferromagnetic layer, which is essential for the realization of energyefficient operation of spintronic devices.
30.	Hansen, F, et al. (författare) Non-invasive measurement of pulsatile vessel diameter change and elastic properties in human arteries: a methodological study 1993 Ingår i: Clinical Physiology. - 1365-2281. ; 13:6, s. 631-643 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A recently developed ultrasound phase-locked echo-tracking system makes it possible to measure non-invasive pulsatile vessel diameter changes, and, in combination with blood-pressure measurement, to calculate pressure strain elastic modulus (Ep) and stiffness (beta). The reproducibility in measurements of pulsatile diameter changes with this system was evaluated. Also the precision of indirect blood-pressure measurements, as compared to the simultaneously measured intra-arterial blood pressure was tested. The resulting reproducibility in pressure strain elastic modulus (Ep) and stiffness (beta) was evaluated. Intra-observer variabilities in measuring pulsatile diameter changes were 16% for the abdominal aorta, 10% for the common carotid artery, and 15% for the common femoral artery, respectively. Intra-observer variabilities for Ep and beta were 21% for both in the abdominal aorta, 17% for both in the common carotid artery, and 18% for both in the common femoral artery, respectively. There were only small differences in indirect and direct measurement of systolic blood pressure, whereas indirect blood pressure measurement systematically overestimated the diastolic blood pressure, on average by 20%. The variabilities in indirect blood pressure measurements were 2% for the systolic and 3% for the diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Inter-observer variability in the investigation of the common carotid artery was 10% for the pulsatile diameter changes, and 21% and 23% for Ep and beta, respectively. Thus, the echo-tracking system represents a reliable system for estimation of pressure strain elastic modulus and stiffness. However, Ep and beta are systematically underestimated by 25-30%, when used in combination with indirect blood pressure measurements.
31.	Henriksson, Andreas, 1979, et al. (författare) RIFEL - Ripple and Electromagnetic Fields in Electric Vehicles 2018 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The electrical system in an electrified vehicle consists of high voltage (HV) components interacting in a complex way. The switching interaction in the power electronics results in ripple causing electromagnetic fields, disturbing other electronics and degradation of components. An overview of this can first be obtained when a physical system is built which could lead to unintentional over- or under dimensioning of HV components. This lack of information within the electrical system can lead to late verifications in the project causing substantial cost if changes are needed. This project aims at improving early evaluation of new concepts, create tools and build the necessary competence for a virtual system model that includes the key HV components: battery, electrical motor and power electronics, a simple load along with cable and connectors. This virtual model shall be able to simulate voltage and current ripple generated by the power electronics, initially in a frequency range up to 100 kHz. Results from the simulations shall be presented both in time and frequency domain as well as be expressed in RMS values for easier comparison to measured results. Some of the more important findings are briefly summarised below; For the high voltage battery, the electrical characteristics up to a frequency of roughly 1000 Hz was well determined using an impedance spectroscopy instrument at cell level and then multiplied by the numbers of cells. However for finding the impedance behaviour for frequencies above 1000 Hz, the determination must be done on the battery pack level since bus bars and other component in the complete battery pack will be dominating in this frequency range. From measurements of differential mode impedance in high voltage cables it is found that it is important that the mutual inductance between the centre conductor and shield is included in the model to describe cable impedance below 10 kHz properly. The control of the inverter is very important for the overall behaviour and in this project SVM was used which has been shown to give the lowest current and voltage ripple of the traditional switching schemes. And for the machine model, the temperature variations must be taken into account since the machine parameters has been found to vary with ~20 % over the specified temperature range. The system model is found to agree well with rig measurements well up to 1 MHz with regards to both currents and voltages at the DC and AC sides. Furthermore, measurements in a real car match those in the rig. For time domain simulations, it was decided to use Ansys Simplorer since it can handle the inverter and the electrical machine simulations very well and for frequency domain simulations, it was decided to use LTspice since it is freeware, has support for AC-sweeps, improved switching compared to other SPICE-simulators, and is easy to use. Magnetic field simulations have been calculated and compared to measurements in the driveline rig at Chalmers. It was a good match across the investigated frequency range 10 Hz to 100 kHz. In this project, only internally developed component models were considered. To expand the functionality of the system modelling tool, international interface standards such as the Functional Mockup Interface (FMI) need to be investigated. Consequently, it would be a good idea to include additional automotive OEMs as well as suppliers and software vendors in future research collaborations.
32.	Holmström, Erik, et al. (författare) On the sharpness of the interfaces in metallic multilayers 2004 Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 101:14, s. 4742-4745 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We show that the three most relevant magnetic properties (magnetic moment, critical temperature, and interlayer exchange coupling) of metallic multilayers can be reproduced with good accuracy by first principles theory, provided that the picture of atomically sharp interfaces is abandoned and one allows instead for both interface alloying and interface roughness. The interface of a metallic multilayer (exemplified by the Fe/V system) is demonstrated to, at best, have interdiffusion essentially over two to three atomic layers on each side of the interface. Our conclusions are the result of combining experimental work with theoretical modeling, and we argue that this approach is the best avenue to obtain accurate information about the interface quality of metallic multilayers.
33.	Humble, Mats B., 1952-, et al. (författare) Reactivity of serotonin in whole blood: response to Mulder et al. 2002 Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 51:3, s. 267-268 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
34.	Kumar, Ankit, et al. (författare) Temperature-dependent Gilbert damping of Co2FeAl thin films with different degree of atomic order 2017 Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 96:224425 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Half-metallicity and low magnetic damping are perpetually sought for spintronics materials, and full Heusler compounds in this respect provide outstanding properties. However, it is challenging to obtain the well-ordered half-metallic phase in as-deposited full Heusler compound thin films, and theory has struggled to establish a fundamental understanding of the temperature-dependent Gilbert damping in these systems. Here we present a study of the temperature-dependent Gilbert damping of differently ordered as-deposited Co2FeAl full Heusler compound thin films. The sum of inter- and intraband electron scattering in conjunction with the finite electron lifetime in Bloch states governs the Gilbert damping for the well-ordered phase, in contrast to the damping of partially ordered and disordered phases which is governed by interband electronic scattering alone. These results, especially the ultralow room-temperature intrinsic damping observed for the well-ordered phase, provide fundamental insights into the physical origin of the Gilbert damping in full Heusler compound thin films.
35.	Liss, Per, et al. (författare) Renal effects of CO2 and iodinated contrast media in patients undergoing renovascular intervention : a prospective, randomized study 2005 Ingår i: Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. - 1051-0443 .- 1535-7732. ; 16:1, s. 57-65 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract PURPOSE: CO2 gas has been proposed for use instead of iodinated contrast media in angiographic examinations in patients at risk of developing renal failure from contrast media. The influence of intraarterial injection of CO2 with small added amounts of ioxaglate (200 mgI/mL) or ioxaglate alone on renal function in patients with suspected renal artery stenosis was studied in a prospective, randomized study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-three patients underwent renovascular intervention (n = 83) and/or renal angiography (n = 40) for suspected renal artery stenosis. Patients with a serum creatinine concentration less than 200 micromol/L (n = 82) were randomized prospectively to receive CO2 with small added amounts of ioxaglate (n = 37) or only ioxaglate (n = 45). Patients with serum creatinine levels greater than 200 micromol/L (n = 41) were not randomized and initially received CO2. Serum creatinine concentrations were measured within 1 day before and 1 day, 2 days, and 2-3 weeks after the procedure. RESULTS: The amount of injected CO2 did not relate to an increase in serum creatinine level. In the randomized groups, and also when the whole patient sample was considered, the amount of injected iodine was significantly correlated (P = .011) with an increase in serum creatinine level and a decrease in estimated creatinine clearance after 2 days. Among the randomized patients, one in the CO2 group and three in the ioxaglate group had a more than 25% increase in serum creatinine level within the first 2 days after the intervention. CONCLUSION: The risk of impairment of renal function is lower after injection of CO2 with small amounts of added ioxaglate compared with injection of a larger amount of ioxaglate alone. The larger the amount of administered iodinated contrast medium, the greater the risk of development of renal failure.
36.	Lizzaraga, R., et al. (författare) Conditions for Noncollinear Instabilities of Ferromagnetic Materials 2004 Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 93:10, s. 107205- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Two criteria have been identified here which determine whether a magnetic metal orders in a collinear (e.g., ferromagnet) or noncollinear (e.g., spin-spiral) arrangement. These criteria involve the ratio between the strength of the exchange interaction and the width of the electron bands, as well as Fermi-surface nesting between spin-up and spin-down sheets of the Fermi surface. Based on our analysis we predict that even typical ferromagnetic materials (e.g., Fe, Co, and Ni) should be possible to stabilize in a noncollinear magnetic order in, e.g., high pressure experiments.
37.	Lycke, Nils Y, 1954, et al. (författare) Re-utilization of germinal centers in multiple PP results in highly synchronized, oligoclonal and affinity matured gut IgA responses 2012 Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - 0022-1767. ; 188 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Whereas recent studies have pointed to multi-centered and diverse gut IgA responses to the microbiota, little information is available on IgA responses following oral immunization with T cell-dependent antigens. Here we have addressed how gut IgA responses develop using a novel approach where NP-hapten was conjugated to cholera toxin (CT), which allowed us to follow, at the molecular level, the site of initiation, expansion, differentiation and distribution of a specific IgA B cell response. Clonal relationships and affinity maturation of specific IgA cells at gut inductive and effector sites were investigated. Unexpectedly, we found gut IgA B cell responses to be oligoclonal and dominated by high affinity maturation. Extensive lineage trees of gut NP-specific IgA cells were generated, revealing strong clonal relationships throughout the entire gut mucosal immune system. Thus, clonally related IgA cells were found in Peyer’s patches, mesenteric lymph nodes and the small and large intestine, suggesting an effective expansion and selection process. This was achieved through synchronization of multiple PP hosting the same high affinity B cell clones. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that this was possible through re-utilization of already existing germinal centers (GC) in multiple PP by previously activated GC GL7+ B cells. The re-utilization required that oral antigen was given prior to cell transfer.
38.	Löwhagen, Olle, 1938, et al. (författare) Physiotherapy in asthma using the new Lotorp method 2014 Ingår i: Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 1744-3881. ; 20:4, s. 276-279 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Physiotherapy in bronchial asthma has given various results. Aim: To test a new method focusing on breathing exercise and massage of the thoracic muscles. Patients and methods: Twenty-eight adult patients with a physician-diagnosed asthma were studied during 6 weeks. All patients were prescribed asthma medication. The new method [active group, n = 17) was compared with physical training (control group, n = 12). Results: PEF was significantly improved (p = 0.001) in the active group, however, FEV1 showed no significant change. The symptoms "tightness of the chest", "difficult breathing in", "air hunger", and the individually dominating symptom (p = 0.001) were significantly reduced in the active group. Exercise-induced breathing troubles and chest expansion were also significantly reduced. Conclusion: Physiotherapy including breathing exercise and massage of the thoracic muscles (the Lotorp method) in patients with physician-diagnosed asthma resulted in significantly reduced respiratory symptoms during rest and exercise and increased chest expansion. The improvements may be due to an increased mobility of the chest and diaphragm. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
39.	Mangell, Peter, et al. (författare) Regional differences in mechanical properties between major arteries--an experimental study in sheep 1996 Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - 1532-2165. ; 12:2, s. 189-195 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract PURPOSE: To study possible differences in mechanical properties between central (abdominal aorta) and more peripheral (common carotid and common femoral) arteries validating an earlier non-invasive study in children showing that central arteries are more distensible than peripheral ones. As invasive blood pressure was needed, but ethically impossible to obtain in children in an experimental setting, an animal model was chosen. DESIGN: Open experimental study. SETTING: Animal laboratory at university hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The pulsatile vessel wall movements of the abdominal aorta (AA), common femoral (CFA) and common carotid (CCA) artery of nine sheep were examined using an ultrasound phase-locked echo-tracking technique. Intra-arterial blood pressure was measured and pressure-diameter relations, pressure strain elastic modulus (Ep) and stiffness (beta) calculated. Distensibility was defined as the inverse of Ep and stiffness. RESULTS: The AA showed lower values for Ep and stiffness (beta) than the CFA (p = 0.002) and CCA (p = 0.006), i.e. the latter two vessels were stiffer. The pressure-diameter relations confirmed these differences and showed a non-linearity for all three vessels with increased stiffness above 70-90 mm Hg. CONCLUSION: This study on young animals supports earlier findings of differences in mechanical properties between central and more peripheral arteries seen in healthy children. As pathologies between these vessels differ, with dilatation of the abdominal aorta and occlusive disease in the more peripheral vessels, part of the explanation might be found in the mechanical properties of the healthy vessels, characterised here with the echo-tracking technique.
40.	Memedi, Mevludin, et al. (författare) A web-based system for visualizing upper limb motor performance of Parkinson’s disease patients 2013 Ingår i: Movement Disorders: Supplement. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0885-3185. ; , s. S112-S113 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Objective To design, develop and set up a web-based system for enabling graphical visualization of upper limb motor performance (ULMP) of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients to clinicians.BackgroundSixty-five patients diagnosed with advanced PD have used a test battery, implemented in a touch-screen handheld computer, in their home environment settings over the course of a 3-year clinical study. The test items consisted of objective measures of ULMP through a set of upper limb motor tests (finger to tapping and spiral drawings). For the tapping tests, patients were asked to perform alternate tapping of two buttons as fast and accurate as possible, first using the right hand and then the left hand. The test duration was 20 seconds. For the spiral drawing test, patients traced a pre-drawn Archimedes spiral using the dominant hand, and the test was repeated 3 times per test occasion. In total, the study database consisted of symptom assessments during 10079 test occasions.MethodsVisualization of ULMPThe web-based system is used by two neurologists for assessing the performance of PD patients during motor tests collected over the course of the said study. The system employs animations, scatter plots and time series graphs to visualize the ULMP of patients to the neurologists. The performance during spiral tests is depicted by animating the three spiral drawings, allowing the neurologists to observe real-time accelerations or hesitations and sharp changes during the actual drawing process. The tapping performance is visualized by displaying different types of graphs. Information presented included distribution of taps over the two buttons, horizontal tap distance vs. time, vertical tap distance vs. time, and tapping reaction time over the test length.AssessmentsDifferent scales are utilized by the neurologists to assess the observed impairments. For the spiral drawing performance, the neurologists rated firstly the ‘impairment’ using a 0 (no impairment) – 10 (extremely severe) scale, secondly three kinematic properties: ‘drawing speed’, ‘irregularity’ and ‘hesitation’ using a 0 (normal) – 4 (extremely severe) scale, and thirdly the probable ‘cause’ for the said impairment using 3 choices including Tremor, Bradykinesia/Rigidity and Dyskinesia. For the tapping performance, a 0 (normal) – 4 (extremely severe) scale is used for first rating four tapping properties: ‘tapping speed’, ‘accuracy’, ‘fatigue’, ‘arrhythmia’, and then the ‘global tapping severity’ (GTS). To achieve a common basis for assessment, initially one neurologist (DN) performed preliminary ratings by browsing through the database to collect and rate at least 20 samples of each GTS level and at least 33 samples of each ‘cause’ category. These preliminary ratings were then observed by the two neurologists (DN and PG) to be used as templates for rating of tests afterwards. In another track, the system randomly selected one test occasion per patient and visualized its items, that is tapping and spiral drawings, to the two neurologists.Statistical methodsInter-rater agreements were assessed using weighted Kappa coefficient. The internal consistency of properties of tapping and spiral drawing tests were assessed using Cronbach’s α test. One-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey multiple comparisons test was used to test if mean scores of properties of tapping and spiral drawing tests were different among GTS and ‘cause’ categories, respectively.ResultsWhen rating tapping graphs, inter-rater agreements (Kappa) were as follows: GTS (0.61), ‘tapping speed’ (0.89), ‘accuracy’ (0.66), ‘fatigue’ (0.57) and ‘arrhythmia’ (0.33). The poor inter-rater agreement when assessing “arrhythmia” may be as a result of observation of different things in the graphs, among the two raters. When rating animated spirals, both raters had very good agreement when assessing severity of spiral drawings, that is, ‘impairment’ (0.85) and irregularity (0.72). However, there were poor agreements between the two raters when assessing ‘cause’ (0.38) and time-information properties like ‘drawing speed’ (0.25) and ‘hesitation’ (0.21). Tapping properties, that is ‘tapping speed’, ‘accuracy’, ‘fatigue’ and ‘arrhythmia’ had satisfactory internal consistency with a Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.77. In general, the trends of mean scores of tapping properties worsened with increasing levels of GTS. The mean scores of the four properties were significantly different to each other, only at different levels. In contrast from tapping properties, kinematic properties of spirals, that is ‘drawing speed’, ‘irregularity’ and ‘hesitation’ had a questionable consistency among them with a coefficient of 0.66. Bradykinetic spirals were associated with more impaired speed (mean = 83.7 % worse, P < 0.001) and hesitation (mean = 77.8% worse, P < 0.001), compared to dyskinetic spirals. Both these ‘cause’ categories had similar mean scores of ‘impairment’ and ‘irregularity’.ConclusionsIn contrast from current approaches used in clinical setting for the assessment of PD symptoms, this system enables clinicians to animate easily and realistically the ULMP of patients who at the same time are at their homes. Dynamic access of visualized motor tests may also be useful when observing and evaluating therapy-related complications such as under- and over-medications. In future, we foresee to utilize these manual ratings for developing and validating computer methods for automating the process of assessing ULMP of PD patients.
41.	Mätzsch, Thomas, et al. (författare) Influence of standard heparin or low molecular weight heparin on healing of abdominal wounds and colonic anastomoses in rats 1987 Ingår i: Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. - 0001-5482. ; 153:10, s. 593-598 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The influence of standard heparin or low molecular weight (LMW) heparin on healing of abdominal wounds and colonic anastomoses was studied in rats. Subcutaneous injection of 1 XaI U/g b.w. of standard or LMW-heparin or 0.5 ml physiologic saline was given 12 hours preoperatively and daily for 3 or 7 days postoperatively. Breaking strength of the abdominal wound and the anastomosis was measured, as were haemoglobin and albumin in serum. Hydroxyproline as a measure of collagen and tissue dry weight was determined in standardized segments of colonic wall adjacent to the anastomosis. Except for significant increase in breaking strength of the anastomosis after 7-day injection of LMW heparin, no differences in the parameters of wound healing were found after 3 or 7 days. In rats receiving standard heparin there was increased bleeding tendency (reduced haemoglobin) compared with the LMW-heparin group and the controls. The administered heparin thus did not negatively influence healing, and standard and LMW-heparin did not differ in this respect.
42.	Palm, Fredrik, et al. (författare) The effects of carbon dioxide versus ioxaglate in the rat kidney. 2005 Ingår i: Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. - 1051-0443 .- 1535-7732. ; 16:2 Pt 1, s. 269-74 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
43.	Pan, Fan, 1987- (författare) Gilbert damping of doped permalloy from first principles calculations 2015 Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The dynamic process of how fast a spintronic device can be switched from one state to another is characterized by the Gilbert damping parameter. It has been found that the Gilbert damping along with other intrinsic properties in permalloy, can be tuned by different dopants and doping concentration. Therefore, a study of intrinsic magnetic properties with emphasis on the dependence of the Gilbert damping parameter from first principles calculations is investigated. It is aimed at to give an insight of the microscopic understanding originated from electronic structure and to provide a guideline in the practical spintronic design. The topic of the present thesis is to investigate, by means of first principle calculations, how the variation of the Gilbert damping parameter depends upon the electronic structure of pure and doped permalloy. We show that the Gilbert damping has a monotonic increase with the doping concentration due to an increasing amount of scattering processes. The dopants of the 5d transition metal give rise to a much larger impact than the 4d, as the spin orbit coupling effect is more pronounced in the heavy elements. Our results are in satistying agreement with experiment.
44.	Ramstein, B, et al. (författare) Inclusive H-2(He-3,t) Reaction at 2 GeV 1999 Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. Hadrons and Nuclei. - 1434-6001. ; 6, s. 225-225 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
45.	Ryan, Denise, et al. (författare) Topoisomerase I Amplification in Melanoma is Associated with More Advanced Tumours and Poor Prognosis 2010 Ingår i: Pigment Cell and Melanoma Research. - 1755-148X. ; 23:4, s. 542-553 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Summary In this study, we used array-comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) and fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) to examine genetic aberrations in melanoma cell lines and tissues. aCGH revealed that the most frequent genetic changes found in melanoma cell lines were amplifications on chromosomes 7p and 20q, along with disruptions on Chr 9, 10, 11, 12, 22 and Y. Validation of the results using FISH on tissue microarrays (TMAs) identified TOP1 as being amplified in melanoma tissues. TOP1 amplification was detected in a high percentage (33%) of tumours and was associated with thicker, aggressive tumours. These results show that TOP1 amplification is associated with advanced tumours and poor prognosis in melanoma. These observations open the possibility that TOP1-targeted therapeutics may be of benefit in a particular subgroup of advanced stage melanoma patients.
46.	Sato, K., et al. (författare) First-principles material design and perspective on semiconductor spintronics materials 2009 Ingår i: Physica. B, Condensed matter. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-4526 .- 1873-2135. ; 404:23-24, s. 5237-5243 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We investigate the electronic structure and magnetic properties of III–V compound semiconductor based dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) from first-principles. The electronic structure of DMS is calculated by using the Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker coherent potential approximation (KKR-CPA) method in connection with the local density approximation (LDA). Describing the magnetic properties by a classical Heisenberg model, effective exchange interactions are calculated by applying magnetic force theorem for two impurities embedded in the CPA medium. With the calculated exchange interactions, TC is estimated by using the mean field approximation, the random phase approximation and the Monte Carlo simulation. In the above compounds, the magnetic interactions are well described from double exchange picture. Due to the short-range interactions, high-TC is difficult to achieve in the presently investigated materials. Based on the present results, two strategies towards high-TC are proposed to realize useful DMS materials. One uses spinodal decomposition to realize high blocking temperature in super-paramagnetic blocking phenomena and the other uses co-doping method to realize high concentration doping of magnetic impurities for high-TC.
47.	Shanahan, Timothy M., et al. (författare) Environmental controls on the H-2/H-1 values of terrestrial leaf waxes in the eastern Canadian Arctic 2013 Ingår i: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7037 .- 1872-9533. ; 119, s. 286-301 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The hydrogen isotope composition of plant waxes preserved in lacustrine sediments is a potentially valuable tool for reconstructing paleoenvironmental changes in the Arctic. However, in contrast to the mid-and low-latitudes, significantly less effort has been directed towards understanding the factors controlling D/H fractionation in high latitude plant waxes and the impact of these processes on the interpretation of sedimentary leaf wax delta D records. To better understand these processes, we examined the D/H ratios of long chain fatty acids in lake surface sediments spanning a temperature and precipitation gradient on Baffin Island in the eastern Canadian Arctic. D/H ratios of plant waxes increase with increasing temperature and aridity, with values ranging from -240 parts per thousand to -160 parts per thousand over the study area. Apparent fractionation factors between n-alkanoic acids in Arctic lake sediments and precipitation(epsilon(FA-ppt)) are less negative than those of mid-latitude lakes and modern plants by 25 parts per thousand to 65 parts per thousand, consistent with n-alkane data from modern Arctic plants (Yang et al., 2011). Furthermore, epsilon(FA-ppt) values from Arctic lakes become systematically more positive with increasing evaporation, in contrast to mid-latitude sites, which show little to no change in fractionation with aridity. These data are consistent with enhanced water loss and isotope fractionation at higher latitude in the Arctic summer, when continuous sunlight supports increased daily photosynthesis. The dominant control on delta D-FA variations on Baffin Island is temperature. However, changing epsilon(FA-ppt) result in steeper delta D-FA-temperature relationships than observed for modern precipitation. The application of this delta D-FA-based paleotemperature calibration to existing delta D-FA records from Baffin Island produces much more realistic changes in late Holocene temperature and highlights the importance of these effects in influencing the interpretation of Arctic delta D-FA records. A better understanding of the controls on hydrogen isotope fractionation in high latitude leaf waxes will be essential to the proper interpretation of isotope records from sedimentary plant waxes in the Arctic.
48.	Sherwood, Victoria, et al. (författare) WNT5A-mediated β-catenin-independent signalling is a novel regulator of cancer cell metabolism. 2014 Ingår i: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 35:4, s. 784-794 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract WNT5A has been identified as an important ligand in the malignant progression of a number of tumours. Although WNT5A signalling is often altered in cancer, the ligand's role as either a tumour suppressor or oncogene varies between tumour types and is a contemporary issue for investigators of β-catenin-independent WNT signalling in oncology. Here, we report that one of the initial effects of active WNT5A signalling in malignant melanoma cells is an alteration in cellular energy metabolism and specifically an increase in aerobic glycolysis. This was found to be at least in part due to an increase in active Akt signalling and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. The clinical relevance of these findings was strengthened by a strong correlation (P < 0.001) between the expression of WNT5A and LDH isoform V in a cohort of melanocytic neoplasms. We also found effects of WNT5A on energy metabolism in breast cancer cells, but rather than promoting aerobic glycolysis as it does in melanoma, WNT5A signalling increased oxidative phosphorylation rates in breast cancer cells. These findings support a new role for WNT5A in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells that is a context- dependent event.
49.	Simonsson, Christian, et al. (författare) A multi-scale in silico mouse model for diet-induced insulin resistance 2023 Ingår i: Biochemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-703X .- 1873-295X. ; 191 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Insulin resistance causes compensatory insulin production, which in humans can eventually progress to β-cell failure and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This disease progression involves multi-scale processes, ranging from intracellular signaling to organ and whole-body level regulations, on timescales from minutes to years. T2D progression is commonly studied using overfed and genetically modified rodents. Available multi-scale data from rodents is too complex to fully comprehend using traditional analysis, not based on mathematical modelling. To help resolve these issues, we here present an in silico mouse model, featuring 38 ordinary differential equations and 78 parameters. This is the first mathematical model that simultaneously explains (chi-square cost=28.1 <51 =cut-off, p = 0.05) multi-scale mouse insulin resistance data on all three levels – cells, organs, body – ranging from minutes to months. The model predicts new independent multi-scale simulations, on e.g., weight and meal response changes, which are corroborated by our own new experimental data. The thus validated model provides insights and non-trivial predictions regarding complex non-measured processes, such as the relation between insulin resistance and insulin-dependent glucose uptake for adipose tissue. Finally, we add a β-cell failure module to the in silico mouse model to simulate different human-like scenarios of progression towards T2D. In summary, our in silico mouse model is an extendable and interactive knowledge-base for the study of T2D, which could help simulate treatment scenarios in rodents and translate results to the human situation.
50.	Själander, A., et al. (författare) Efficacy and safety of anticoagulant prophylaxis to prevent venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical inpatients : a meta-analysis 2008 Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 263:1, s. 52-60 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objectives. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potentially serious complication of hospitalization and immobilization. The use of anticoagulant prophylaxis in acutely ill medical inpatients is still under debate. New data including a recent meta-analysis have recently been published. We aim at studying the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant prophylaxis in acutely ill medical inpatients, and demonstrate differences between meta-analyses due to different data extraction from the heterogeneous studies included. Subjects. The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from 1980 to present. Manual searches were performed regarding abstracts from major meetings. Seven blinded randomized controlled clinical trials assessing the prophylactic effect of heparin in acutely ill medical patients were identified and included in the meta-analysis. Results. Low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) prophylaxis prevented 48% of symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE), 48% of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (not significant) and 51% of asymptomatic DVT. A nonsignificant trend towards higher bleeding risk during LMWH prophylaxis was found. Death was not significantly affected. We compared our data with a recent meta-analysis with different study selection and data extraction and found similar results. Conclusions. As DVT and PE are manifestations of the same illness, VTE, one can argue that anticoagulant prophylaxis prevents approximately half of the expected events. Most medical inpatients have short hospital stays, and a low risk of VTE. The important task for the clinician is to identify patients with a sufficiently high risk of symptomatic VTE to warrant LMWH prophylaxis. Despite differences in study selection and data extraction, our study shows results similar to a recent meta-analysis.

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