| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Houshuai, Wang, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular phylogeny of Lymantriinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Erebidae) inferred from eight gene regions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 31:6, s. 579-592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand the evolutionary history of Lymantriinae and test the present higher-level classification, we performed the first broad-scale molecular phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily, based on 154 exemplars representing all recognized tribes and drawn from all major biogeographical regions. We used two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S ribosomal RNA) and six nuclear genes (elongation factor-1α, carbamoylphosphate synthase domain protein, ribosomal protein S5, cytosolic malate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and wingless). Data matrices (in total 5424 bp) were analysed by parsimony and model-based evolutionary methods (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference). Based on the results of the analyses, we present a new phylogenetic classification for Lymantriinae composed of seven well-supported tribes, two of which are proposed here as new: Arctornithini, Leucomini, Lymantriini, Orgyiini, Nygmiini, Daplasini trib. nov. and Locharnini trib. nov. We discuss the internal structure of each of these tribes and address some of the more complex problems with the genus-level classification, particularly within Orgyiini and Nygmiini.
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| 3. |
- ALARIE, YVES, et al.
(författare)
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Larval morphology of the Madagascan endemic diving beetle genus Hovahydrus Biström, 1982 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) and phylogenetic comparison with other known Hyphydrini
- 2022
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Ingår i: Zootaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1175-5326 .- 1175-5334. ; 5219:3, s. 227-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe for the first time the instar III larva of the diving beetle genus Hovahydrus Biström, 1982, based on H. praetextus (Guignot, 1951) and a new species yet to be described (identified here as Hovahydrus sp. near H. minutissimus (Régimbart, 1903)). We include detailed morphometric and chaetotaxic analyses of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi in order to discover useful characters for distinguishing Hovahydrus larvae from those of other known Hyphydrini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae). A provisional parsimony analysis based on larval characteristics of 11 Hyphydrini species in eight genera was conducted using the program TNT. Larval morphology supports a close relationship between Hovahydrus, Hyphydrus Illiger, 1802, and the endemic South Africa genera Andex Sharp, 1882, Coelhydrus Sharp, 1882, Darwinhydrus Sharp, 1882 and Primospes Sharp, 1882.
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| 4. |
- ALARIE, YVES, et al.
(författare)
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Morphology of the larvae of Rhantaticus congestus (Klug, 1833) and phylogenetic comparison with other known Aciliini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Dytiscinae)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Zootaxa. - 1175-5326 .- 1175-5334. ; 5380:3, s. 247-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the second- and third instar larvae of the diving beetle Rhantaticus congestus (Klug, 1833), including detailed morphometric and chaetotaxic analyses of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, terminal abdominal segment and urogomphi in order to discover useful characters for distinguishing Rhantaticus Sharp, 1882 larvae from those of other known Aciliini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Dytiscinae). A parsimony analysis based on 94 larval characteristics of nine Aciliini species in five genera (Acilius Leach, 1817, Graphoderus Dejean, 1833, Rhantaticus, Sandracottus Sharp, 1882, Thermonectus Dejean, 1833) was conducted using the program TNT. Rhantaticus shares with all these genera several larval character states which support its inclusion in the Aciliini. Whereas Rhantaticus larva stands out from other known genera by several unique character states, our parsimony analysis did not recover any clear phylogenetic position of this genus within the Aciliini.
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| 5. |
- Balke, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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A new genus and two new species of Southeast Asian Bidessini as well as new synonyms for Oceanian species (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)
- 2017
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Ingår i: ZooKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1313-2989 .- 1313-2970. ; 647, s. 137-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rompindessus jenisi Balke, Bergsten & Hendrich, gen. n. et sp. n. is described from near Rompin village in West Malaysia. The new genus is characterized by the presence of an occipital line and basal pronotal striae, the presence of a thick anterior bead on clypeus and two-segmented parameres as well as by the absence of basal elytral striae, the absence of sutural line on elytron, the absence of basal epipleural transverse carina, and the absence of longitudinal elytral carina. Moreover, male pro- and mesotarsus appear stout, and distinctly dilated laterally; the pronotum is comparably long and parallel-sided and the colour of beetle conspicuous dark orange. Leiodytes kualalipis Balke, Wang, Bergsten & Hendrich, sp. n. is described from West Malaysia (Pahang) and South Vietnam (Cat Tien). It is well characterized by its large size, elongate body and the form of the median lobe. Limbodessus fijiensis (J. Balfour-Browne, 1944), comb. n. described from Fiji is a new synonym of Limbodessus curviplicatus (Zimmermann, 1927) described from Samoa.
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| 6. |
- Baron, Tomasz, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiac Imaging in Carcinoid Heart Disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: JACC Cardiovascular Imaging. - : American College of Cardiology. - 1936-878X .- 1876-7591. ; 14:11, s. 2240-2253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carcinoid disease is caused by neuroendocrine tumors, most often located in the gut, and leads in approximately 20% of cases to specific, severe heart disease, most prominently affecting right-sided valves. If cardiac disease occurs, it determines the patient's prognosis more than local growth of the tumor. Surgical treatment of carcinoid-induced valve disease has been found to improve survival in observational studies. Cardiac imaging is crucial for both diagnosis and management of carcinoid heart disease; in the past, imaging was accomplished largely by echocardiography, but more recently, imaging for carcinoid heart disease has increasingly become multimodal and warrants awareness of the particular diagnostic challenges of this disease. This paper reviews the pathophysiology and manifestations of carcinoid heart disease in light of the different imaging modalities.
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| 7. |
- Bergsten, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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A 33-year follow-up after valvular surgery for carcinoid heart disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-2404 .- 2047-2412. ; 23:4, s. 524-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Valvular surgery has improved long-term prognosis in severe carcinoid heart disease (CaHD). Experience is limited and uncertainty remains about predictors for survival and strategy regarding single vs. double-valve surgery. The aim was to review survival and echocardiographic findings after valvular surgery for CaHD at our institution.METHODS AND RESULTS: Between 1986 and 2019, 60 consecutive patients, median age 64 years, underwent valve surgery for severe CaHD. Operations involved combined tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) and pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) in 42 cases, and TVR-only or TVR with pulmonary valvotomy (no PVR) in 18 patients. All implanted valves were bioprosthetic. Preoperative echocardiography, creatinine, NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP), and 24-h urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were obtained. 30-Day mortality was 12% (n=7), and 8% for the most recent decade 2010-2019. Median survival was 2.2 years and maximum survival 21 years. Patients undergoing combined TVR and PVR had significantly higher survival compared with operations without PVR (median 3.0 vs. 0.9 years, P = 0.02). Preoperative levels of NT-pro-BNP and 5-HIAA in the top quartile predicted poor survival. On preoperative echocardiograms, pulmonary regurgitation was severe in 51% and indeterminate in 17%. Postoperative echocardiography confirmed relatively good durability of bioprostheses, relative to the patients' limited oncological life expectancy.CONCLUSION: Valvular surgery in CaHD has an acceptable perioperative risk. Survival for combined TVR and PVR was significantly higher compared with operations without PVR. Bioprosthetic valve replacement appears to have adequate durability. Preoperative echocardiography may underestimate pulmonary pathology. Combined TVR and PVR should be considered in most patients.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bergsten, Johannes, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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A new species of Bidessus from Anjozorobe-Angavo and a review of Malagasy Bidessus (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)
- 2020
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Ingår i: European journal of taxonomy. - : Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle. - 2118-9773. ; 720:1, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review the species of Bidessus of Madagascar and describe Bidessus anjozorobe sp. nov. from material collected in Anjozorobe forest. Anjozorobe is part of the Anjozorobe-Angavo Protected Area, which is an important corridor of transition forest between typical eastern humid forests and the residual sub-humid forest of the Central Highlands. Bidessus longistriga Régimbart, 1895 and Bidessus perexiguus Kolbe, 1883 are widespread but endemic low-altitude species on Madagascar. Bidessus nesioticus Guignot, 1956 is an alpine species described from near the peak of the Ankaratra mountain massifs at 2500 m a.s.l. We recollected the species for the first time since its description, in Ankaratra and in a new area above 2000 m a.s.l. in the Andringitra mountain further south. Bidessus cf. nero Gschwendtner, 1933 is tentatively recorded for Madagascar for the first time but further studies are needed to test the status of mainland and insular populations. Bidessus apicidens Biström & Sanfilippo, 1986 has not been recollected on Madagascar since 1970. All species are endemic to Madagascar except potentially Bidessus cf. ceratus and Bidessus cf. nero described from Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, respectively. The older records of the two non-endemic species Bidessus complicatus Sharp, 1904 and Bidessus ovoideus Régimbart, 1895 on Madagascar could not be verified.
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| 10. |
- Bergsten, Johannes
(författare)
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A review of long-branch attraction
- 2005
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Ingår i: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 1096-0031 .- 0748-3007. ; 21:2, s. 163-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The history of long-branch attraction, and in particular methods suggested to detect and avoid the artifact to date, is reviewed. Methods suggested to avoid LBA-artifacts include excluding long-branch taxa, excluding faster evolving third codon positions, using inference methods less sensitive to LBA such as likelihood, the Aguinaldo et al. approach, sampling more taxa to break up long branches and sampling more characters especially of another kind, and the pros and cons of these are discussed. Methods suggested to detect LBA are numerous and include methodological disconcordance, RASA, separate partition analyses, parametric simulation, random outgroup sequences, long-branch extraction, split decomposition and spectral analysis. Less than 10 years ago it was doubted if LBA occurred in real datasets. Today, examples are numerous in the literature and it is argued that the development of methods to deal with the problem is warranted. A 16 kbp dataset of placental mammals and a morphological and molecular combined dataset of gall waSPS are used to illustrate the particularly common problem of LBA of problematic ingroup taxa to outgroups. The preferred methods of separate partition analysis, methodological disconcordance, and long branch extraction are used to demonstrate detection methods. It is argued that since outgroup taxa almost always represent long branches and are as such a hazard towards misplacing long branched ingroup taxa, phylogenetic analyses should always be run with and without the outgroups included. This will detect whether only the outgroup roots the ingroup or if it simultaneously alters the ingroup topology, in which case previous studies have shown that the latter is most often the worse. Apart from that LBA to outgroups is the major and most common problem; scanning the literature also detected the ill advised comfort of high support values from thousands of characters, but very few taxa, in the age of genomics. Taxon sampling is crucial for an accurate phylogenetic estimate and trust cannot be put on whole mitochondrial or chloroplast genome studies with only a few taxa, despite their high support values. The placental mammal example demonstrates that parsimony analysis will be prone to LBA by the attraction of the tenrec to the distant marsupial outgroups. In addition, the murid rodents, creating the classic “the guinea-pig is not a rodent” hypothesis in 1996, are also shown to be attracted to the outgroup by nuclear genes, although including the morphological evidence for rodents and Glires overcomes the artifact. The gall wasp example illustrates that Bayesian analyses with a partition-specific GTR + Γ + I model give a conflicting resolution of clades, with a posterior probability of 1.0 when comparing ingroup alone versus outgroup rooted topologies, and this is due to long-branch attraction to the outgroup.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Bergsten, Johannes, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Arbetet med donationer av insektsamlingar vid Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet
- 2014
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Ingår i: Entomologisk Tidskrift. - 0013-886X. ; 134, s. 153-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- We describe the work with donated insect collections at the Swedish Museum of NaturalHistory (NRM) in Stockholm, Sweden. The museum receives donations yearly fromamateur entomologists, and they are an important contribution to the enrichment of thecollections. For the collector it is satisfying that a public institution takes on the long termresponsibility of safeguarding the scientific value in a collection, curating and making itavailable for study. Significant donations in the last years include that of Lars Huggert(Hymenoptera, Coleoptera), Hans Bartsch (Diptera) and Anders N. Nilsson (aquatic Coleoptera)to name a few. The curatorial and digitizing workload at the Entomology collectionare unfortunately not matched by staff funding, and as at other European museumsvolunteer work constitute vital and invaluable help. We acknowledge especially some ofthe volunteer work in the Coleoptera and Hymenoptera collections. Recently we have engagedwith amateur entomologists by organizing taxon-specific workshops at the museumwhich has stimulated exchange and collaboration. The Hymenoptera-day was visited by 30participants, and the Diptera-meeting by 49. As an example of what happens with a donationonce it reaches the museum, we describe the work with a recent Coleoptera collectiondonation by Jan Olsson, Vallentuna. A few highlights from the unidentified material,including the Archostematan beetle Priacma serrata (Cupedidae) and the false jewelbeetleSchizopus laetus (Schizopodidae), are presented as they were new to the NRM collections.We also bring attention to two new websites: www.naturarv.se is the webportal presentingdigitized material in Swedish natural history collections. Both metadata on specimens andphotos are made searchable here. We also launch a new webpage at www.nrm.se/insektsdonationerwhere we write about new donations to the Entomology collections, with JanOlsson’s Coleoptera collection first out.
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| 13. |
- Bergsten, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Bayesian Tests of Topology Hypotheses with an Example from Diving Beetles
- 2013
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Ingår i: Systematic Biology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1063-5157 .- 1076-836X. ; 62:5, s. 660-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review Bayesian approaches to model testing in general and to the assessment of topological hypotheses in particular. We show that the standard way of setting up Bayes factor tests of the monophyly of a group, or the placement of a sample sequence in a known reference tree, can be misleading. The reason for this is related to the well-known dependency of Bayes factors on model-specific priors. Specifically, when testing tree hypotheses it is important that each hypothesis is associated with an appropriate tree space in the prior. This can be achieved by using appropriately constrained searches or by filtering trees in the posterior sample, but in a more elaborate way than typically implemented. If it is difficult to find the appropriate tree sets to be contrasted, then the posterior model odds may be more informative than the Bayes factor. We illustrate the recommended techniques using an empirical test case addressing the issue of whether two genera of diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), Suphrodytes and Hydroporus, should be synonymized. Our refined Bayes factor tests, in contrast to standard analyses, show that there is strong support for Suphrodytes nesting inside Hydroporus, and the genera are therefore synonymized.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Bergsten, Johannes, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, diving beetles, tsikovoka
- 2022. - 1
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Ingår i: The new natural history of Madagascar. - Princeton : Princeton University Press. - 9780691222622 ; , s. 1024-1034
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
- Bergsten, Johannes, 1975-
(författare)
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Coleoptera: Haliplidae, crawling water beetles
- 2022. - 1
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Ingår i: The new natural history of Madagascar. - Princeton : Princeton University Press. - 9780691222622 ; , s. 1041-1043
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 17. |
- Bergsten, Johannes, 1975-
(författare)
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Coleoptera: Hydroscaphidae, skiff beetles
- 2022. - 1
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Ingår i: The new natural history of Madagascar. - Princeton : Princeton University Press. - 9780691222622 ; , s. 1050-1051
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Bergsten, Johannes, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Coleoptera: Noteridae, burrowing water beetles
- 2022. - 1
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Ingår i: The new natural history of Madagascar. - Princeton : Princeton University Press. - 9780691222622 ; , s. 1044-1047
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- Bergsten, Johannes, 1975-
(författare)
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Coleoptera: Torridincolidae, torrent beetles
- 2022. - 1
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Ingår i: The New Natural History of Madagascar. - Princeton : Princeton University Press. - 9780691222622 ; , s. 1047-1049
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
- Bergsten, Johannes, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Distoleon tetragrammicus (Fabricius, 1798) ny myrlejonslända för Norden och en illustrerad nyckel till arterna (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae).
- 2022
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Ingår i: Entomologisk Tidskrift. - 0013-886X. ; 143:1-2, s. 25-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the first finding of the antlion Distoleon tetragrammicus (Fabricius, 1798) fromSweden. Several adults of the species have been collected or photographed on the island ofGotland in the Baltic Sea, between 2017 and 2021. The first finding is from Tofta skjutfält,a sandy military training ground vegetated with pines and mixed forests on the west coastof Gotland. Based on multi-year observations at the same locality as well as video recordingof an egglaying female it is clearly a resident population, even though larvae are yet to bedocumented. Distoleon tetragrammicus is not previously known from any of the Nordic orBaltic countries. The species is common in southern Europe with a wide distribution acrosswest palearctic and becomes rarer towards central Europe. The closest known locality isan outpost population on the Hel peninsula on the Polish Baltic coast which we speculateis the most probable source, 240km south of Gotland across the Baltic sea. Previously butthree species of antlions were known from the Nordic-Baltic countries, all belonging to thetypical pitfall trap-building tribe Myrmeleontini and subfamily Myrmeleontinae: Myrmeleonformicarius (Linnaeus, 1767), Myrmeleon bore (Tjeder, 1941) and Euroleon nostras (Geoffroyin Fourcroy, 1785). Distoleon tetragrammicus belongs to subfamily Nemoleontinae (tribeNemoleontini) with larvae being ambush predators without the behaviour of building pitfalltraps. We provide an identification key, as well as studio and field photographs of all fourNordic species. The quality and conservation value of Tofta military training ground localityfor insects is discussed with reference to other rare species.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Bergsten, Johannes, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Entomologmötet på Gotland 2017: temaexkursion med fokus på vattenlevande skalbaggar, skinnbaggar och trollsländor i Äskåkersvät.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Entomologisk Tidskrift. - 0013-886X. ; 139:1, s. 39-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The yearly Swedish entomology meeting 2017 was organized by the local entomologysociety of Gotland, on the northern part of the Baltic island Gotland near Bunge, 4-6 August.One thematic excursion was focused on aquatic insects, especiallly aquatic beetles,bugs and dragonflies. A shallow pond, Äskåkersvät, with Characeae in an open grazedlandscape with high natural values was studied. Äskåkersvät lies just adjacent to the largerarea around lake Bästeträsk which is the focus of a pilot study evaluating its potential asa future national park. The pilot study is undertaken by Gotland County AdministrativeBoard, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Region Gotland and the SwedishAgency for Marine and Water Management. Here we give an annotated report of the 103species found: 69 species of water beetles (out of which 34 were Dytiscidae), 20 speciesof aquatic or semiaquatic bugs (out of which 10 were Corixidae), and 14 species of dragonflies.These include Hydrophilus piceus and H. aterrimus redlisted in Sweden (both asNT), and Dytiscus latissimus, globally redlisted (VU). We also noted the noble crayfish,Astacus astacus (redlisted as CR in Sweden) and the European medicinal leech Hirudomedicinalis (redlisted as NT globally). The blue emperor dragonfly (Anax imperator) wasnoted, a species first recorded from Gotland in 2002 and we present a graph on its increaseand spreading on the island since. The number of species found in spite of a relativelymodest collecting effort at a suboptimal time when many species may be in pupal stage outof water as witnessed by many teneral individuals, indicates a species rich locality withhigh natural value. The stoneworts (Characeae) vegetation certainly contributes to this, forinstance vouched for by the occurrence of specialists as Haliplus confinis and H. obliquuswhose larvae feed on stoneworts.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Bergsten, Johannes, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Species delimitation of the Hyphydrus ovatus complex in western Palaearctic with an update of species distributions (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)
- 2017
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Ingår i: ZooKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1313-2989 .- 1313-2970. ; 678, s. 73-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The species status of Hyphydrus anatolicus Guignot, 1957 and H. sanctus Sharp, 1882, previously often confused with the widespread H. ovatus (Linnaeus, 1760), are tested with molecular and morphological characters. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) was sequenced for 32 specimens of all three species. Gene-trees were inferred with parsimony, time-free bayesian and strict clock bayesian analyses. The GMYC model was used to estimate species limits. All three species were reciprocally monophyletic with CO1 and highly supported. The GMYC species delimitation analysis unequivocally delimited the three species with no other than the three species solution included in the confidence interval. A likelihood ratio test rejected the one-species null model. Important morphological characters distinguishing the species are provided and illustrated. New distributional data are given for the following species: Hyphydrus anatolicus from Slovakia and Ukraine, and H. aubei Ganglbauer, 1891, and H. sanctus from Turkey.
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| 27. |
- Bergsten, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Sympatry and colour variation disguised well-differentiated sister species : Suphrodytes revised with integrative taxonomy including 5 kbp of housekeeping genes (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
- 2012
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Ingår i: DNA Barcodes. - Warsaw : Versita. - 2299-1077. ; 1:1, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genus Suphrodytes, is currently regarded as a monobasic Palearctic genus with one colour-variable species, S. dorsalis. Here we show with >5 kbp of nuclear and mitochondrial genes and quantitative morphological characters that Suphrodytes consists of two well-defined species, albeit each with variable colour pattern. The primary barcode gene CO1, showed consistent signs of multiple copies, therefore a range of alternative housekeeping genes were screened for information. The two species were reciprocally monophyletic in genetrees from 12S, 16S, CO1, CO2, CytB, H3 and 18S. Explicit species delimitation tests based on the coalescent process model rejected the null hypothesis that the genealogies originated from a single panmictic species. The mitochondrial proteincoding genes were proportionally richest in information followed by 12S and Histone 3. Conservative nuclear 18S had a single fixed diagnostic character. The two species were significantly different in total bodylength, bodyshape, shape of the male aedeagus and parameres. We review the taxonomic literature of Suphrodytes and find S. dorsalis (Fabricius, 1787) and S. figuratus (Gyllenhal, 1826) to be the oldest available names for the respective species, and for which we designate lectotypes. Synonyms are established for both species which are broadly sympatric across the Palearctic and frequently even collected at the same locality.
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| 28. |
- Bergsten, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Taxonomic revision of the Holarctic diving beetle genus Acilius Leach (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Systematic Entomology. - : Wiley. - 0307-6970 .- 1365-3113. ; 31:1, s. 145-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract. A full taxonomic revision is presented of the Holarctic diving beetle genus Acilius Leach (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) belonging to the subfamily Dytiscinae and tribe Aciliini. Acilius confusussp.n., previously confused with Acilius fraternus (Harris), is described from north-eastern U.S.A. Acilius latiusculus LeConte and Acilius simplex LeConte are new synonyms of Acilius abbreviatus Aubé. Lectotypes are designated for the following names: A. abbreviatus, A. semisulcatus Aubé, A. fraternus, A. guerryi d'Olsoufieff, A. sinensis Peschet, A. duvergeri Gobert, A. brevis Aubé, A. fasciatus (De Geer), A. maccullochii (Kirby), A. tomentosus Motschulsky, A. sulcatus blancki Peyerimhoff, A. subimpressus Motschulsky and A. laevisulcatus Motschulsky. In total, six Palaearctic and seven Nearctic species are recognized, none of which is Holarctic in distribution. Each species is presented with a diagnosis, full description, habitat preferences, conservation assessments, distribution data and a comprehensive bibliography. Distribution data are presented with a map and a list of countries, or for Nearctic and eastern Palaearctic species, states or larger provinces. A key to all Acilius species is included and each is fully illustrated. The general biology and a taxonomic history of the genus are provided. Acilius abbreviatus and A. semisulcatus are found to hybridize in a narrow zone through middle British Columbia and south-western Alberta, geographically comparable with a previously recognized hybrid zone of several other insect species pairs. More than 5000 specimens were examined.
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| 29. |
- Bergsten, Johannes, 1975-
(författare)
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Taxonomy, phylogeny, and secondary sexual character evolution of diving beetles, focusing on the genus Acilius
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sexual conflict can lead to antagonistic coevolution between the sexes, but empirical examples are few. In this thesis secondary sexual characters in diving beetles are interpreted in the light of sexual conflict theory. Whether the male tarsal suction cups and female dorsal modifications are involved in a coevolutionary arms race is tested in two ways. First eight populations of a species with dimorphic females that varied in frequency of the morphs were investigated and male tarsal characteristics quantified. The frequency of female morphs is shown to be significantly correlated to the average number and size of male tarsal suction cups in the population, a prediction of the arms race hypothesis. Second, the hypothesis is tested in a phylogenetic perspective by optimizing the secondary sexual characters on a phylogeny. A full taxonomic revision of the genus Acilius is presented, including new synonyms, lectotype designations, geographic distributions based on more than five thousand examined museum specimens and the description of a new species from northeastern USA. Specimens of all species (except one possibly extinct that failed to be found in Yunnan, China 2000), were field collected between 2000 and 2003 in Sardinia, Sweden, Russia, Honshu and Hokkaido in Japan, New York, Maryland, California and Alberta. Three genes (CO1, H3 and Wingless) were sequenced from the fresh material as well as scoring a morphological character matrix all of which was used to derive a robust and complete hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationship in the group. The phylogeny was derived using Bayesian phylogenetics with Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques and received a posterior probability of 0.85. Changes in male and female characters turned out to be perfectly correlated across the phylogeny, providing one of the best empirical examples to date of an antagonistic arms race between the sexes in a group of organisms. Finally, a review of a pitfall to phylogenetic analysis known under the name long-branch attraction (LBA), is provided. The problem is well known theoretically but has been questioned to occur in real data, and LBA has been in the core center of the hard debate between parsimony and likelihood advocates since different inference methods vary in sensitivity to the phenomenon. Most important conclusions from the review are; LBA is very common in real data, and is most often introduced with the inclusion of outgroups that almost always provide long branches, pulling down long terminal ingroup branches towards the root. Therefore it is recommended to always run analyses with and without outgroups. Taxon sampling is very important to avoid the pitfall as well as including different kind of data, especially morphological data, i.e. many LBA-affected conclusions have recently been reached by analyses of few taxa with complete genomes. Long-branch extraction (incl. outgroup exclusion), methodological disconcordance (parsimony vs modelbased), separate partition analyses (morphology vs molecules, codon positions, genes, etc), parametric simulation (incl. random outgroups), and split graphs are available relevant methods for the detection of LBA that should be used in combinations, because none alone is enough to stipulate LBA.
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| 30. |
- Bergsten, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
-
The Effect of Geographical Scale of Sampling on DNA Barcoding
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Systematic Biology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1063-5157 .- 1076-836X. ; 61:5, s. 851-869
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eight years after DNA barcoding was formally proposed on a large scale, CO1 sequences are rapidly accumulating from around the world. While studies to date have mostly targeted local or regional species assemblages, the recent launch of the global iBOL project (International Barcode of Life), highlights the need to understand the effects of geographical scale on Barcoding's goals. Sampling has been central in the debate on DNA Barcoding, but the effect of the geographical scale of sampling has not yet been thoroughly and explicitly tested with empirical data. Here, we present a CO1 data set of aquatic predaceous diving beetles of the tribe Agabini, sampled throughout Europe, and use it to investigate how the geographic scale of sampling affects 1) the estimated intraspecific variation of species, 2) the genetic distance to the most closely related heterospecific, 3) the ratio of intraspecific and interspecific variation, 4) the frequency of taxonomically recognized species found to be monophyletic, and 5) query identification performance based on 6 different species assignment methods. Intraspecific variation was significantly correlated with the geographical scale of sampling (R-square = 0.7), and more than half of the species with 10 or more sampled individuals (N = 29) showed higher intraspecific variation than 1%, sequence divergence. In contrast, the distance to the closest heterospecific showed a significant decrease with increasing geographical scale of sampling. The average genetic distance dropped from >7% for samples within 1 km, to <3.5% for samples up to >6000 km apart. Over a third of the species were not monophyletic, and the proportion increased through locally, nationally, regionally, and continentally restricted subsets of the data. The success of identifying queries decreased with increasing spatial scale of sampling; liberal methods declined from 100% to around 90%, whereas strict methods dropped to below 50% at continental scales. The proportion of query, identifications considered uncertain (more than one species <1% distance from query) escalated from zero at local, to 50% at continental scale. Finally, by resampling the most widely sampled species we show that even if samples are collected to maximize the geographical coverage, up to 70 individuals are required to sample 95%, of intraspecific variation. The results show that the geographical scale of sampling has a critical impact on the global application of DNA barcoding. Scale-effects result from the relative importance of different processes determining the composition of regional species assemblages (dispersal and ecological assembly) and global clades (demography, speciation, and extinction). The incorporation of geographical information, where available, will be required to obtain identification rates at global scales equivalent to those in regional barcoding studies. Our result hence provides an impetus for both smarter barcoding tools and sprouting national barcoding initiatives smaller geographical scales deliver higher accuracy.
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| 31. |
- Bergsten, Johannes, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Åkerjordfly, Agrotis exclamationis, identifierad som värdart för svävflugan Villa hottentotta med hjälp av DNA streckkodning (Diptera: Bombyliidae).
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Entomologisk Tidskrift. - 0013-886X. ; 136:4, s. 121-130
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we identify Agrotis exclamationis (Linnaeus, 1758) as a host species for the bee y Villa hottentotta (Linnaeus, 1758) in Sweden. Host use and speci city for bee y species are generally very poorly known, why the hatching of a bee y of the genus Villa from an unknown Noctuid pupa caught our attention. The parasitized Noctuid pupa was found in a garden in Staffanstorp, Skåne (Sweden), in May 2015 and kept in a jar to hatch. The bee y hatched in June leaving two empty exuviae in the jar. DNA was extracted sepa- rately from both excuviae to identify the y and the host using DNA Barcoding. A 600+ bp long sequence of the gene Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 was sequenced for both samples and queried against the reference library BOLD (www.boldsystems.org). The Noctuid host pupa was unambiguously identi ed as the common Noctuid species Agrotis exclamationis. The sequence was identical to the most common haplotype over much of Europe. The bee y pupa was identi ed as Villa hottentotta, the most common Villa species in Sweden. This added a new Noctuid species to the list of known hosts for V. hottentotta which also includes several other Noctuid genera as well as a Geometrid moth. Belonging to the sand chamber group of bee ies where the female scatter the eggs on the ground while hovering, the active host-seeking rst instar planidium larvae bene ts from having a wide host range to potentially encounter in the substrate zone.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Biström, Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
Taxonomic revision of Afrotropical Laccophilus Leach, 1815 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae).
- 2015
-
Ingår i: ZooKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1313-2989 .- 1313-2970. ; :542, s. 1-379
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The African species of the genus Laccophilus Leach, 1815, are revised, on the basis of study of adult specimens. In all, 105 species are now recognized. A phenetic character-analysis was undertaken, which resulted in a split of the genus into 17 species groups. Diagnoses and a description of each species are given together with keys for identification of species groups and species. We also provide habitus photos, illustration of male genitalia and distribution maps for all species. New species are described as follows: Laccophilus grossus sp. n. (Angola, Namibia), Laccophilus rocchii sp. n. (Tanzania, Namibia, Botswana, Mozambique), Laccophilus ferrugo sp. n. (Mozambique), Laccophilus furthi sp. n. (Madagascar), Laccophilus isamberti sp. n. (Madagascar), Laccophilus inobservatus sp. n. (Gambia, Senegal, Mali, Niger, Sudan, Chad, Ethiopia, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Zaire and Asia: Yemen), Laccophilus cryptos sp. n. (Zaire, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Botswana, South Africa), Laccophilus enigmaticus sp. n. (Nigeria, Sudan), Laccophilus bellus sp. n. (Benin, Nigeria), Laccophilus guentheri sp. n. (Guinea, Ghana), Laccophilus guineensis sp. n. (Guinea), Laccophilus decorosus sp. n. (Uganda), Laccophilus empheres sp. n. (Kenya), Laccophilus inconstans sp. n. (Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon), Laccophilus brancuccii sp. n. (Central African Republic), Laccophilus incomptus sp. n. (Cameroon), Laccophilus australis sp. n. (Tanzania, South Africa), Laccophilus minimus sp. n. (Namibia), Laccophilus eboris sp. n. (Ivory Coast), Laccophilus insularum sp. n. (Madagascar), Laccophilus occidentalis sp. n. (Gambia, Senegal, Mali, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin, Nigeria, Central African Republic, Zaire) and Laccophilus transversovittatus sp. n. (Madagascar). Laccophilus restrictus Sharp, 1882, is restored as good species; not junior synonym of Laccophilus pictipennis Sharp, 1882. New synonyms are established as follows: Laccophilus continentalis Gschwendtner, 1935 = Laccophilus perplexus Omer-Cooper, 1970, syn. n., Laccophilus taeniolatus Régimbart, 1889 = Laccophilus congener Omer-Cooper, 1957, syn. n., Laccophilus adspersus Boheman, 1848 = Laccophilus vitshumbii Guignot, 1959, syn. n. = Laccophilus adspersus nigeriensis Omer-Cooper, 1970, syn. n. = Laccophilus adspersus sudanensis Omer-Cooper, 1970, syn. n., Laccophilus modestus Régimbart, 1895 = Laccophilus espanyoli Hernando, 1990, syn. n., Laccophilus flaveolus Régimbart, 1906 = Laccophilus pampinatus Guignot, 1941, syn. n., Laccophilus trilineola Régimbart, 1889 = Laccophilus simulator Omer-Cooper, 1958, syn. n., Laccophilus mediocris Guignot, 1952 = Laccophilus meii Rocchi, 2000, syn. n., Laccophilus epinephes Guignot, 1955 = Laccophilus castaneus Guignot, 1956, syn. n., Laccophilus saegeri Guignot, 1958 = Laccophilus comoensis Pederzani & Reintjes, 2002, syn. n., Laccophilus restrictus Sharp, 1882 = Laccophilus evanescens Régimbart, 1895, syn. n., Laccophilus incrassatus Gschwendtner, 1933 = Laccophilus virgatus Guignot, 1953, syn. n., Laccophilus cyclopis Sharp, 1882 = Laccophilus shephardi Omer-Cooper, 1965, syn. n., Laccophilus burgeoni Gschwendtner, 1930 = Laccophilus wittei Guignot, 1952, syn. n., Laccophilus secundus Régimbart, 1895 = Laccophilus torquatus Guignot, 1956, syn. n., Laccophilus desintegratus Régimbart, 1895 = Laccophilus sanguinosus Régimbart, 1895, syn. n. and Laccophilus flavopictus Régimbart, 1889 = Laccophilus bergeri Guignot, 1953, syn. n. = Laccophilus segmentatus Omer-Cooper, 1957, syn. n. Lectotypes are designated for the following taxa: Laccophilus productus Régimbart, 1906, Laccophilus ruficollis Zimmermann, 1919, Laccophilus sordidus Sharp, 1882, Laccophilus alluaudi Régimbart, 1899, Laccophilus pictipennis Sharp, 1882, Laccophilus wehnckei Sharp, 1882, Laccophilus continentalis Gschwendtner, 1935, Laccophilus simplicistriatus Gschwendtner, 1932, Laccophilus complicatus Sharp, 1882, Laccophilus rivulosus Klug, 1833, Laccophilus ampliatus Régimbart, 1895, Laccophilus pilitarsis Régimbart, 1906, Laccophilus adspersus Boheman, 1848, Laccophilus livens Régimbart, 1895, Laccophilus modestus Régimbart, 1895, Laccophilus nodieri Régimbart, 1895, Laccophilus flaveolus Régimbart, 1906, Laccophilus pallescens Régimbart, 1903, Laccophilus restrictus Sharp, 1882, Laccophilus vermiculosus Gerstaecker, 1867, Laccophilus mocquerysi Régimbart, 1895, Laccophilus bizonatus Régimbart, 1895, Laccophilus tschoffeni Régimbart, 1895, Laccophilus persimilis Régimbart, 1895, Laccophilus poecilus Klug, 1834, Laccophilus lateralis Sharp, 1882, Laccophilus lateralis var. polygrammus Régimbart, 1903, Laccophilus cyclopis Sharp, 1882, Laccophilus shephardi Omer-Cooper, 1965, Laccophilus conjunctus Guignot, 1950, Laccophilus grammicus Sharp, 1882, Laccophilus flavoscriptus Régimbart, 1895, Laccophilus flavosignatus Régimbart, 1895, Laccophilus brevicollis Sharp, 1882, Laccophilus secundus Régimbart, Laccophilus desintegratus Régimbart, 1895, Laccophilus gutticollis Régimbart, 1895, Laccophilus luctuosus Sharp, 1882 and Laccophilus inornatus Zimmermann, 1926. Laccophilus remex Guignot, 1952, comprises a species complex with uncertain taxonomic delimitation; the complex includes Laccophilus concisus Guignot, 1953, Laccophilus turneri Omer-Cooper, 1957 and Laccophilus praeteritus Omer-Cooper, 1957, as tentative synonyms of Laccophilus remex Guignot, 1952.
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| 35. |
- Biström, Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
Two new species of the megadiverse lentic diving-beetle genus Hydrovatus (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae) described from NE Thailand.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: ZooKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1313-2989 .- 1313-2970. ; :632, s. 57-66
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we describe two new Hydrovatus species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae: Hydrovatini) from the province of Khon Kaen, Isan region in NE Thailand. Hydrovatus is the third most species rich genus of diving beetles (Dytiscidae). It occurs on all continents except Antarctica and now numbers 210 currently recognized species. Both new species, Hydrovatus diversipunctatussp. n. and Hydrovatus globosussp. n., were collected at lights and are only known from the type locality "Khon Kaen" (a city and province). Diagnoses based on morphology for the separation from closely related species are given together with illustrations of male genitalia and habitus photos. We provide a determination key to Old World species of the pustulatus species group and to Oriental species of the oblongipennis species group.
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| 36. |
- Bjelke, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
-
Vattenytans mästare
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Yrfän. ; 2018:3, s. 9-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Blicharska, Malgorzata, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of management intensity, function and vegetation on the biodiversity in urban ponds
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 20, s. 103-112
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ponds are important elements of green areas in cities that help counteract the negative consequences of urbanization, by providing important habitats for biodiversity in cities and being essential nodes in the overall landscape-scale habitat network. However, there is relatively little knowledge about the impacts of pond management intensity, function and environmental variables on urban pond biodiversity. In this study we addressed this gap by investigating which factors were correlated with the level of biodiversity in urban ponds, indicated by species richness of aquatic insects, in Stockholm, Sweden. Our study did not confirm any direct link between the perceived intensity of management or function of ponds and overall biodiversity. However, it seems that management can influence particular groups of species indirectly, since we found that Trichoptera richness (Caddisflies) was highest at intermediate management intensity. We suggest that this is caused by management of vegetation, as the amount of floating and emergent vegetation was significantly correlated with both the overall species richness and the richness of Trichoptera (Caddisflies). This relationship was non-linear, since ponds with an intermediate coverage of vegetation had the highest richness. Interestingly, the amount of vegetation in the pond was significantly affected by pond function and pond management. The overall species richness and richness of Trichoptera were also positively correlated with pond size. Since we found that the pattern of relations between species richness and environmental variables differed between the insect groups we suggest that it will be difficult to provide overall design and management recommendations for ponds in urban green areas. Therefore, it is recommended that to provide high aquatic diversity of species in urban areas one should aim at promoting high diversity of different types of ponds with differing management and environmental factors that shape them.
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| 39. |
- Blicharska, Malgorzata, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Is there a relationship between socio-economic factors and biodiversity in urban ponds? : A study in the city of Stockholm
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Urban Ecosystems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1083-8155 .- 1573-1642. ; 20:6, s. 1209-1220
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban small water bodies, such as ponds, are essential elements of human socio-economic landscapes. Ponds also provide important habitats for species that would otherwise not survive in the urban environment. Knowledge on the biodiversity of urban ponds and the relationship between their ecological value and factors linked to urbanization and socio-economic status is crucial for decisions on where and how to establish and manage ponds in cities to deliver maximum biodiversity benefits. Our study investigates if the pattern of urban-pond biodiversity can be related to different socio-economic factors, such as level of wealth, education or percentage of buildings of different types. Because of lack of previous studies investigating that, our study is of exploratory character and many different variables are used. We found that the biodiversity of aquatic insects was significantly negatively associated with urbanisation variables such as amount of buildings and number of residents living around ponds. This relationship did not differ depending on the spatial scale of our investigation. In contrast, we did not find a significant relationship with variables representing socio-economic status, such as education level and wealth of people. This latter result suggests that the socio-economic status of residents does not lead to any particular effect in terms of the management and function of ponds that would affect biodiversity. However, there is a need for a finer-scale investigation of the different potential mechanism in which residents in areas with differing socio-economic status could indirectly influence ponds.
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| 40. |
- Brodin, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Predator related oviposition site selection of aquatic beetles (Hydroporus spp.) and effects on offspring life-history
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 51:7, s. 1277-1285
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Theory predicts that natural selection should favour females that are able to correctly assess the risk of predation and then use that information to avoid high-risk oviposition sites to reduce the risk of offspring predation. Despite the potential significance of such behaviour on individual fitness, population dynamics and community structure, relatively few studies of oviposition behaviour connected to the risk of predation have been carried out. 2. However, some recent studies suggest that oviposition site selection in response to risk of predation may be a common phenomenon, at least among amphibians and mosquitoes. A vast majority of previous studies have, however, neglected to investigate how the offspring are affected, in terms of fitness related parameters, by the maternal oviposition site choice. 3. In an outdoor artificial pond experiment we tested the oviposition site selection of female aquatic beetles (Hydroporus spp.) in relation to the presence or absence of a predatory fish (Perca fluviatilis). In addition, we monitored how the oviposition site selection affected the behaviour, growth and food resource of the progeny. 4. We show that free-flying females of the aquatic beetles Hydroporus incognitus and H. nigrita prefer to oviposit in waters without fish compared with waters with fish. Larval activity of Hydroporus spp. was unaffected by fish presence. Our results indicate that beetle larvae from females that do lay eggs in waters with fish show increased growth compared with larvae in waters without fish. We explain this difference in growth by a higher per-capita food supply in the presence of a fish predator. This finding may have important implications for our understanding of how the variance of oviposition site selection in a population is sustained.
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| 41. |
- Bukontaite, Rasa, 1984-
(författare)
-
Evolution of the Biodiversity Hotspot of Madagascar from the Eye of Diving Beetles : Phylogeny, colonization and speciation
- 2015
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dytiscidae, contains numerous endemic and non-endemic species on Madagascar. Their evolutionary history is largely unknown on the island. Herein, I use analyses to infer phylogenetic relationship among groups of diving beetles, with a focus on the subfamily Dytiscinae and endemic species in two other groups of Dytiscidae. Paper I represents the first phylogenetic reconstruction focusing on the tribe Aciliini based on molecular data. Several commonly used molecular markers, as well as a new marker for Hydradephagan beetles, were evaluated in this study. Our analyses suggest that six genera within Aciliini are monophyletic. The most basal clades with Neotropical and Afrotropical taxa suggest a possible Gondwanan origin. Evaluation of gene fragments indicated CAD to be the most informative marker. Paper II focuses on colonization and radiation events of large bodied endemic diving beetles of the tribes Cybistrini and Hydaticini on Madagascar. Colonization events were inferred from dated phylogenetic trees and ancestral biogeographical reconstructions. Our results suggest both multiple colonizations, and out-of-Madagascar dispersal events, mostly during the Miocene and Oligocene. In paper III, we revised the Rhantus species of Madagascar. We used both molecular and morphological data to evaluate species hypothesis and emphasized the value of Manjakatompo – one of the last remaining fragments of central highland forests. In Paper IV we reconstruct the phylogeny and use Species Distribution Modelling for the endemic genus Pachynectes in Madagascar. Our sampling has discovered that the species diversity of Pachynectes is at least three times higher than previously believed. It seems that allopatric speciation was the main driver, which led to the diversity of Pachynectes. Our results suggest that climatic gradients and the five main biomes were a better predictor than watershed systems in explaining the distribution pattern and speciation between sister species.
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| 42. |
- Bukontaite, Rasa, et al.
(författare)
-
In or Out-of-Madagascar?-Colonization Patterns for Large-Bodied Diving Beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
- 2015
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High species diversity and endemism within Madagascar is mainly the result of species radiations following colonization from nearby continents or islands. Most of the endemic taxa are thought to be descendants of a single or small number of colonizers that arrived from Africa sometime during the Cenozoic and gave rise to highly diverse groups. This pattern is largely based on vertebrates and a small number of invertebrate groups. Knowledge of the evolutionary history of aquatic beetles on Madagascar is lacking, even though this species-rich group is often a dominant part of invertebrate freshwater communities in both standing and running water. Here we focus on large bodied diving beetles of the tribes Hydaticini and Cybistrini. Our aims with this study were to answer the following questions 1) How many colonization events does the present Malagasy fauna originate from? 2) Did any colonization event lead to a species radiation? 3) Where did the colonizers come from-Africa or Asia- and has there been any out-of-Madagascar event? 4) When did these events occur and were they concentrated to any particular time interval? Our results suggest that neither in Hydaticini nor in Cybistrini was there a single case of two or more endemic species forming a monophyletic group. The biogeographical analysis indicated different colonization histories for the two tribes. Cybistrini required at least eight separate colonization events, including the non-endemic species, all comparatively recent except the only lotic (running water) living Cybister operosus with an inferred colonization at 29 Ma. In Hydaticini the Madagascan endemics were spread out across the tree, often occupying basal positions in different species groups. The biogeographical analyses therefore postulated the very bold hypothesis of a Madagascan origin at a very deep basal node within Hydaticus and multiple out-of-Madagascar dispersal events. This hypothesis needs to be tested with equally intense taxon sampling of mainland Africa as for Madagascar.
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| 43. |
- Bukontaite, Rasa, et al.
(författare)
-
Phylogeny, distribution and speciation in the endemic diving beetle genus Pachynectes on Madagascar
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Madagascar is well known for high levels of endemism in both the flora and fauna. More specifically most of Madagascars' endemic species have extremely restricted regional distributions, which is a characteristic of this large island’s biodiversity. Biologists are still struggling to understand the speciation processes that have produced this pattern of diversity. Several general hypotheses have been developed trying to explain the origin and microendemism of Malagasy species. Two main hypotheses focus on watersheds and climate gradients. Here, we use a phylogeny in combination with data on spatial distribution of the endemic diving beetle genus Pachynectes (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Bidessini) to critically evaluate the watershed versus the climatic gradient hypotheses of this river dwelling insect radiation. Based on field sampling from expeditions between 2006 and 2014, we first show that the species diversity in this genus is at least three times higher than previously believed. We reconstructed a molecular phylogeny based on five gene fragments and recovered three main clades: a western clade, an eastern clade and a "keeled" clade diagnosable based on an elytral keel. The western and keeled clades both occur mainly in the drier western parts of the country, while species in the eastern clade are typical of rivers in the eastern humid rainforest. Notably, sister species were always allopatrically distributed along either latitudinal or longitudinal-altitudinal gradients. Based on species distribution modelling (SDM) and our phylogenetic data, we conclude that the microendemic patterns of Pachynectes species are unlikely to be explained by the watershed hypothesis. In contrast, the four main bioclimatic regions are more likely to have been causally involved in the past speciation processes and might explain the current distribution pattern in this insect genus.
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| 44. |
- Bukontaite, Rasa, et al.
(författare)
-
The utility of CAD in recovering Gondwanan vicariance events and the evolutionary history of Aciliini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
- 2014
-
Ingår i: BMC Evolutionary Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2148. ; 14, s. 5-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Aciliini presently includes 69 species of medium-sized water beetles distributed on all continents except Antarctica. The pattern of distribution with several genera confined to different continents of the Southern Hemisphere raises the yet untested hypothesis of a Gondwana vicariance origin. The monophyly of Aciliini has been questioned with regard to Eretini, and there are competing hypotheses about the intergeneric relationship in the tribe. This study is the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis focused on the tribe Aciliini and it is based on eight gene fragments. The aims of the present study are: 1) to test the monophyly of Aciliini and clarify the position of the tribe Eretini and to resolve the relationship among genera within Aciliini, 2) to calibrate the divergence times within Aciliini and test different biogeographical scenarios, and 3) to evaluate the utility of the gene CAD for phylogenetic analysis in Dytiscidae. Results: Our analyses confirm monophyly of Aciliini with Eretini as its sister group. Each of six genera which have multiple species are also supported as monophyletic. The origin of the tribe is firmly based in the Southern Hemisphere with the arrangement of Neotropical and Afrotropical taxa as the most basal clades suggesting a Gondwana vicariance origin. However, the uncertainty as to whether a fossil can be used as a stem-or crowngroup calibration point for Acilius influenced the result: as crowngroup calibration, the 95% HPD interval for the basal nodes included the geological age estimate for the Gondwana break-up, but as a stem group calibration the basal nodes were too young. Our study suggests CAD to be the most informative marker between 15 and 50 Ma. Notably, the 2000 bp CAD fragment analyzed alone fully resolved the tree with high support. Conclusions: 1) Molecular data confirmed Aciliini as a monophyletic group. 2) Bayesian optimizations of the biogeographical history are consistent with an influence of Gondwana break-up history, but were dependent on the calibration method. 3) The evaluation using a method of phylogenetic signal per base pair indicated Wnt and CAD as the most informative of our sampled genes.
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| 45. |
- Désamorè, Aurélie, et al.
(författare)
-
Early burst in body size evolution is uncoupled from species diversification in diving beetles (Dytiscidae)
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 27:4, s. 979-993
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in morphology are often thought to be linked to changes in species diversification,which is expected to leave a signal of early burst (EB) in phenotypic traits.However, such signal is rarely recovered in empirical phylogenies, even for groupswith well-known adaptive radiation. Using a comprehensive phylogenetic approachin Dytiscidae, which harbours ~4,300 species with as much as 50-fold variation inbody size among them, we ask whether pattern of species diversification correlateswith morphological evolution. Additionally, we test whether the large variation inbody size is linked to habitat preference and whether the latter influences speciesturnover. We found, in sharp contrast to most animal groups, that Dytiscidae bodysize evolution follows an early-burst model with subsequent high phylogenetic conservatism.However, we found no evidence for associated shifts in species diversification,which point to an uncoupled evolution of morphology and speciesdiversification. We recovered the ancestral habitat of Dytiscidae as lentic (standingwater), with many transitions to lotic habitat (running water) that are concomitantto a decrease in body size. Finally, we found no evidence for difference in net diversificationrates between habitats nor difference in turnover in lentic and lotic species.This result, together with recent findings in dragonflies, contrasts with sometheoretical expectations of the habitat stability hypothesis. Thus, a thoroughreassessment of the impact of dispersal, gene flow and range size on the speciationprocess is needed to fully encompass the evolutionary consequences of the lentic–lotic divide for freshwater fauna.
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| 46. |
- Elmqvist, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Aiolopus thalassinus (Fabricius, 1781), en nygräshoppa för Norden och en migrerande svärm som korsade Östersjön
- 2020
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Ingår i: Entomologisk Tidskrift. - 0013-886X. ; 141:4, s. 161-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the first finding of the grasshopper Aiolopus thalassinus (Fabricius, 1781) inthe Nordic countries. Two migrating individuals were attracted to light at a known hotspotof migrating moths near the southernmost tip of Gotland in the Baltic Sea, 8th of August2020. End of September hundreds of individuals had made landfall in a bay not far from thefirst locality. The mass occurrence followed after days of easterly or southeasterly winds,a strengthened high pressure over Russia, and an early morning with low-lying clouds.Aiolopus thalassinus is a long-winged grasshopper with strong flight capacity and a widedistribution across the Old World. It also shares some of the density-dependent behavioraland physiological characteristics of the migratory locusts. In Europe the northern continuousdistribution limit stretches through south Germany and middle Poland. The findings onGotland follow the first record in Lithuania, 2019, and a recent trend of expanding rangein south Germany which indicates a species expanding its distribution due to a changingclimate. The findings also show that this is a species capable of swarm migration and crossinga minimum of 170 km of open sea when winds are favorable.
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| 47. |
- Elmqvist, H., et al.
(författare)
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Myrlejonsländor
- 2023
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Ingår i: Yrfän. ; 2, s. 10-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 48. |
- Englund, William, et al.
(författare)
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Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical Agabus raffrayi species group with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)
- 2020
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Ingår i: ZooKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1313-2989 .- 1313-2970. ; 963, s. 45-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We revise the Afrotropical Agabus raffrayi species group, motivated by the discovery of new diversity in Kenya and South Africa. Whilst Agabus is mainly a holarctic genus, the Agabus raffrayi group is restricted to high altitude regions of eastern Africa and temperate parts of South Africa, from where we describe the southernmost Agabus in the world. The following new species are introduced: Agabus anguluverpus sp. nov. from Mount Kenya in central Kenya, Agabus austellus sp. nov. a widespread species in South Africa, Agabus riberae sp. nov. from the Kamiesberg and northeastern Cederberg ranges in the Northern and Western Cape Provinces of South Africa and Agabus agulhas sp. nov. from the Agulhas Plain, Western Cape Province, South Africa. We provide a distribution map, a determination key for males, quantitative measurements of diagnostic characters, habitus photos and detailed photos of male genitalia for all described species in the group, as well as images of diagnostic characters and habitats. The presence or absence of an elongated section between the subapical broadening and the base of the apical and subapical teeth of the male aedeagus is a useful novel character, first revealed by our study. In contrast with the most recent revision of Afrotropical Agabus, we show that Agabus ruwenzoricus Guignot, 1936 is restricted to eastern Africa; South African records of this species having been based on misidentifications, no species of the group being common to southern and eastern Africa. We speculate that the raffrayi group may display phylogenetic niche conservatism, being restricted, as an originally temperate taxon, to higher elevations in tropical eastern Africa, but occurring at lower altitudes in temperate South Africa.
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| 49. |
- Fossen, Erlend I, et al.
(författare)
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Species delimitation in northern European water scavenger beetles of the genus Hydrobius (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae).
- 2016
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Ingår i: ZooKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1313-2989 .- 1313-2970. ; :564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chiefly Holarctic Hydrobius species complex (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) currently consists of Hydrobius arcticus Kuwert, 1890, and three morphological variants of Hydrobius fuscipes (Linnaeus, 1758): var. fuscipes, var. rottenbergii and var. subrotundus in northern Europe. Here molecular and morphological data are used to test the species boundaries in this species complex. Three gene segments (COI, H3 and ITS2) were sequenced and analyzed with Bayesian methods to infer phylogenetic relationships. The Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) model and two versions of the Bayesian species delimitation method BPP, with or without an a priori defined guide tree (v2.2 & v3.0), were used to evaluate species limits. External and male genital characters of primarily Fennoscandian specimens were measured and statistically analyzed to test for significant differences in quantitative morphological characters. The four morphotypes formed separate genetic clusters on gene trees and were delimited as separate species by GMYC and by both versions of BPP, despite specimens of Hydrobius fuscipes var. fuscipes and Hydrobius fuscipes var. subrotundus being sympatric. Hydrobius arcticus and Hydrobius fuscipes var. rottenbergii could only be separated genetically with ITS2, and were delimited statistically with GMYC on ITS2 and with BPP on the combined data. In addition, six or seven potentially cryptic species of the Hydrobius fuscipes complex from regions outside northern Europe were delimited genetically. Although some overlap was found, the mean values of six male genital characters were significantly different between the morphotypes (p < 0.001). Morphological characters previously presumed to be diagnostic were less reliable to separate Hydrobius fuscipes var. fuscipes from Hydrobius fuscipes var. subrotundus, but characters in the literature for Hydrobius arcticus and Hydrobius fuscipes var. rottenbergii were diagnostic. Overall, morphological and molecular evidence strongly suggest that Hydrobius arcticus and the three morphological variants of Hydrobius fuscipes are separate species and Hydrobius rottenbergii Gerhardt, 1872, stat. n. and Hydrobius subrotundus Stephens, 1829, stat. n. are elevated to valid species. An identification key to northern European species of Hydrobius is provided.
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| 50. |
- Gaytán, Álvaro, et al.
(författare)
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DNA Barcoding and geographical scale effect : The problems of undersampling genetic diversity hotspots
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 10:19, s. 10754-10772
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA barcoding identification needs a good characterization of intraspecific genetic divergence to establish the limits between species. Yet, the number of barcodes per species is many times low and geographically restricted. A poor coverage of the species distribution range may hamper identification, especially when undersampled areas host genetically distinct lineages. If so, the genetic distance between some query sequences and reference barcodes may exceed the maximum intraspecific threshold for unequivocal species assignation. Taking a group ofQuercusherbivores (moths) in Europe as model system, we found that the number of DNA barcodes from southern Europe is proportionally very low in the Barcoding of Life Data Systems. This geographical bias complicates the identification of southern query sequences, due to their high intraspecific genetic distance with respect to barcodes from higher latitudes. Pairwise intraspecific genetic divergence increased along with spatial distance, but was higher when at least one of the sampling sites was in southern Europe. Accordingly, GMYC (General Mixed Yule Coalescent) single-threshold model retrieved clusters constituted exclusively by Iberian haplotypes, some of which could correspond to cryptic species. The number of putative species retrieved was more reliable than that of multiple-threshold GMYC but very similar to results from ABGD and jMOTU. Our results support GMYC as a key resource for species delimitation within poorly inventoried biogeographic regions in Europe, where historical factors (e.g., glaciations) have promoted genetic diversity and singularity. Future European DNA barcoding initiatives should be preferentially performed along latitudinal gradients, with special focus on southern peninsulas.
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