| 1. |
- Aboagye, Emmanuel, et al.
(författare)
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Exhaustion and Impaired Work Performance in the Workplace : Associations With Presenteeism and Absenteeism
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 61:11, s. 438-444
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between presenteeism and absenteeism during the previous year and the current levels of exhaustion and impaired work performance in a Swedish university setting.Methods: In a study of 3525 employees, an ordinal logistic regression and general linear model was used to examine the association between presenteeism and absenteeism during the previous year and the current exhaustion and impaired work performance, respectively.Results: Presenteeism, but not absenteeism, during the previous year independently increased the risk of having moderate or severe exhaustion. Presenteeism, absenteeism, and exhaustion remained positively associated with impaired work performance when health status and other confounders had been adjusted for.Conclusions: Presenteeism, but not absenteeism, was associated with exhaustion. Both presenteeism and absenteeism were the salient correlates of impaired work performance.
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| 2. |
- Aboagye, Emmanuel, et al.
(författare)
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What is Number of Days in Number of Times? : Associations Between, and Responsiveness of, Two Sickness Presenteeism Measures
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 62:5, s. e180-e185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the associations between sickness presenteeism (SP) reported as number of days with SP reported as number of times and to evaluate their responsiveness.Methods: The study population (n = 454) consisted of employed individuals, at risk of long-term sickness absence. Correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the two SP measures and external constructs such as work performance, general health, and registered sick leave. Both SP constructs were measured several times to examine responsiveness.Results: The SP measures are moderately correlated. They moderately correlated with work performance and health status measures. SP reported as number of times seems to be more sensitive than number of days in detecting changes after rehabilitation.Conclusions: Numerical or categorical constructs are valid sources of data on SP. However, categorized SP seems to be more responsive.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten : Resurs- och miljööversikt 2012
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta är den nionde utgåvan av den samlade översikten över fisk- och kräftdjursbeståndens status i våra vatten. Kunskap om fiskbestånden och miljön är en förutsättning för att utnyttjandet av fiskresurserna skall bli bärkraftigt. För svenska vattenområden beskrivs miljöutvecklingen i ett ekosystemsperspektiv, dels för att tydliggöra fiskens ekologiska roll och beskriva yttre miljöfaktorer som påverkar fiskbestånden, dels för att belysa fiskets effekter på miljön.Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten är utarbetad av Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), Institutionen för akvatiska resurser (SLU Aqua), på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten. Rapporten sammanfattar utveckling och beståndsstatus för de kommersiellt viktigaste fisk- och kräftdjursarterna i våra vatten. Bedömningar och förvaltningsråd är baserade på Internationella Havsforskningsrådets (ICES) rådgivning, SLU Aquas nationella och regionala provfiskedata, samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Aronsson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Health and motivation as mediators of the effects of job demands, job control, job support, and role conflicts at work and home on sickness presenteeism and absenteeism
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Nature. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 94:3, s. 409-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The first objective was to contribute to a better understanding of the contrasting and paradoxical results in studies of work environment factors and sickness presence and sickness absence. A second objective was to examine if, and under what conditions, employees choose to replace sickness absence with sickness presence, i.e., so-called substitution.Methods: The study utilizes a large body of cross-sectional questionnaire data (n = 130,161) gathered in Sweden from 2002 to 2007 in connection with a comprehensive health promotion initiative. Health and motivation were analyzed as mediators of the effects of five job factors, job control, job support, job demand, role conflict and “work to family conflict” on sickness presence and absence.Results: The results concerning job demands indicate substitution in that increased job demands are associated with increased presenteeism and reduced absenteeism. The direct effect of higher job support was increased absenteeism, but via the health and motivation paths, the total effect of more social support was health-promoting and associated with a reduction in sickness absence and sickness presence. High job control emerged as the most pronounced health-promoting factor, reducing sickness presenteeism as well as absenteeism. More role conflicts and work-to-family conflicts were directly and indirectly associated with decreased health and increased absenteeism as well as presenteeism. earlier research.Conclusion: The mediation analyzes shed light on some of the paradoxes in research on sickness presenteeism and sickness absenteeism, especially regarding job demands and job support. The substitution effect is important for workplace policy and occupational health practice.
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| 6. |
- Bergström, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Using a psychosocial subgroup assignment to predict sickness absence in a working population with neck and back pain
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2474. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The overall objective was to evaluate the predictive validity of a subgroup classification based on the Swedish version of the MPI, the MPI-S, among gainfully employed workers with neck pain (NP) and/or low back pain (LBP) during a follow-up period of 18 and 36 months.Methods: This is a prospective cohort study that is part of a larger longitudinal multi-centre study entitled Work and Health in the Process and Engineering Industries (AHA). The attempt was to classify individuals at risk for developing chronic disabling NP and LBP. This is the first study using the MPI-questionnaire in a working population with NP and LBP.Results: Dysfunctional individuals (DYS) demonstrated more statistically significant sickness absence compared to adaptive copers (AC) after 36 months. DYS also had a threefold increase in the risk ratio of long-term sickness absence at 18 months. Interpersonally distressed (ID) subgroup showed overall more sickness absence compared to the AC subgroup at the 36-month follow-up and had a twofold increase in the risk ratio of long-term sickness absence at 18 months. There was a significant difference in bodily pain, mental and physical health for ID and DYS subgroups compared to the AC group at both follow-ups.Conclusions: The present study shows that this multidimensional approach to the classification of individuals based on psychological and psychosocial characteristics can distinguish different groups in gainfully employed working population with NP/LBP. The results in this study confirm the predictive validity of the MPI-S subgroup classification system.
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| 7. |
- Bergström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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A 7-year follow-up of multidisciplinary rehabilitation among chronic neck and back pain patients : Is sick leave outcome dependent on psychologically derived patient groups?
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : Elsevier. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 14:4, s. 426-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A valid method for classifying chronic pain patients into more homogenous groups could be useful for treatment planning, that is, which treatment is effective for which patient, and as a marker when evaluating treatment outcome. One instrument that has been used to derive subgroups of patients is the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate a classification method based on the Swedish version of the MPI, the MPI-S, to predict sick leave among chronic neck and back pain patients for a period of 7 years after vocational rehabilitation. As hypothesized, dysfunctional patients (DYS), according to the MPI-S, showed a higher amount of sickness absence and disability pension expressed in days than adaptive copers (AC) during the 7-years follow-up period, even when adjusting for sickness absence prior to rehabilitation (355.8days, 95% confidence interval, 71.7; 639.9). Forty percent of DYS patients and 26.7% of AC patients received disability pension during the follow-up period. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Further analyses showed that the difference between patient groups was most pronounced among patients with more than 60days of sickness absence prior to rehabilitation. Cost-effectiveness calculations indicated that the DYS patients showed an increase in production loss compared to AC patients. The present study yields support for the prognostic value of this subgroup classification method concerning long-term outcome on sick leave following this type of vocational rehabilitation.
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| 8. |
- Bergström, Gunnar, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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A Resourceful Work Environment Moderates the Relationship between Presenteeism and Health : A Study Using Repeated Measures in the Swedish Working Population
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to investigate if the psychosocial work environment moderates the proposed negative impact of presenteeism on future general health. We expect that the negative impact of presenteeism on general health is weaker if the psychosocial work environment is resourceful, and more pronounced if the environment is stressful. Data were derived from the 2008-2018 biennial waves of the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH). The final analytic sample consisted ofn= 15,779 individuals. We applied repeated measures regression analyses through generalized estimating equations (GEE). Results from the autoregressive GEE models showed statistically significant interaction terms between presenteeism and all four investigated moderators, i.e., job demands, job control, job support and job strain. The results indicate that the psychosocial work environment moderates the negative association between presenteeism and general health and illustrates a buffering effect of the psychosocial work environment. A possible explanation for these results may be that psychosocially resourceful work environments give room for adjustments in the work situation and facilitate recovery. The results also indicate that by investing the psychosocial work environment employers may be able to promote worker health as well as prevent reduced job performance due to presenteeism.
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| 9. |
- Bergström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Does sickness presenteeism have an impact on future general health?
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - Berlin : Springer. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 82:10, s. 1179-1190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The primary aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether working despite illness, so called "sickness presenteeism", has an impact on the future general health of two different working populations during a follow-up period of 3 years.METHODS: The study was based on two bodies of data collected at a number of Swedish workplaces from 1999 to 2003. The first material comprised 6,901 employees from the public sector and the second 2,862 subjects from the private sector. A comprehensive survey was issued three times: at baseline, after 18 months and after 3 years. Apart from the explanatory variable sickness presenteeism, several potential confounders were considered. The outcome variable was good/excellent versus fair/poor self-reported health.RESULTS: Sickness presenteeism at baseline was consistently found to heighten the risk of fair/poor health at both the 18-month and 3-year follow ups even after adjusting for the detected confounders.CONCLUSIONS: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to show that sickness presenteeism appears to be an independent risk factor for future fair/poor general health.
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| 10. |
- Bergström, Gunnar, 1934, et al.
(författare)
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Floral scent chemistry within the genus Linnaea (Caprifoliaceae)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 36:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ‘Beauty bush’ and ‘twin flower’ are common names attributed to two well-recognizable species belonging to the genus Linnaea (16 spp.) – L. amabilis and L. borealis – long admired by botanists and gardeners for their perfumed paired bell-shaped flowers. In the present study, we investigated their floral scent compositions through gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of dynamic headspace samples. Because the flowers of L. borealis in wild populations are fragrant both during the day and in the evening, circadian variation of scent emission was also assessed for this species. In total, 26 chemical compounds comprise the floral scent bouquets of L. amabilis and L. borealis, identified as monoterpenes (14), benzenoids and phenylpropanoids (5), aliphatics (3), sesquiterpenes (3) and irregular terpenes (1). Whereas monoterpenes, notably (-)-α- and β-pinene, dominated the scent of L. amabilis (over 82% relative abundance), benzene derivates: 1,4 dimethoxybenzene, anisaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, benzaldehyde and nicotinaldehyde were exclusive to analysed headspace samples of L. borealis, accounting for 52% to 100% of their relative compositions, in three Swedish populations. A southwestern Finnish population was characterized by the four first mentioned benzenoid compounds and large amounts of (-)-α- and β-pinenes plus two aliphatic substances. The scent compounds identified for both species are ubiquitous and may serve as generalist attractants/stimulants for a broad assortment of anthophilous insects. The basic work on the flower scent of L. amabilis and L. borealis should inspire studies of their pollination biology, primarily the behaviour-guiding roles of the characteristic emitted volatiles. © 2017 The Authors
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Bergström, Sten-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Asthma mortality among Swedish children and young adults, a 10-year study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 102:9, s. 1335-1341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous reports indicate that morbidity and mortality from asthma have increased during the past decades. Here, the mortality rate associated with asthma and possible risk factors in children and young adults in Sweden during the period 1994-2003 were evaluated. METHODS: The medical profession was asked to report suspected cases of death from asthma in individuals 1-34 years of age. All death certificates containing relevant ICD codes were reviewed. Medical records and autopsy reports were assessed and telephone interviews with next-of-kin performed. RESULTS: During the 10-year period 37 deaths due to asthma were identified. The median age at the time of death was 27 years and 6 of the deceased were younger than 15. The overall incidence of death from asthma decreased from 1.54 deaths per million in 1994 to 0.53 per million in 2003. Common risk factors were under-treatment (23/37), poor adherence to prescribed treatment (17/37) and adverse psychosocial situation (19/37). An alarming finding was that 11 of the 37 deaths were probably caused by food allergy and for 8 subjects death was associated with exposure to pet dander. The death certificates were found to contain inaccuracies with 30% of those for whom asthma was reported as the underlying cause having died from other causes. CONCLUSION: Asthma mortality in children and young adults in Sweden decreased between 1994 and 2003. Food allergy and inadequate treatment were the major risk factors for such a death. Recognition and special care of patients with asthma who have shown signs of non-compliance, denial or severe food allergy must be encouraged.
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| 15. |
- Duong-Thi, Minh-Dao, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of weak affinity chromatography and surface plasmon resonance in determining affinity of small molecules
- 2014
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Ingår i: Analytical Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2697 .- 1096-0309. ; 461, s. 57-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we compared affinity data from surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and weak affinity chromatography (WAC), two established techniques for determination of weak affinity (mM-mu M) small molecule-protein interactions. In the current comparison, thrombin was used as target protein. In WAC the affinity constant (K-D) was determined from retention times, and in SPR it was determined by Langmuir isotherm fitting of steady-state responses. Results indicate a strong correlation between the two methods (R-2 = 0.995, P < 0.0001). (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Nilsson, Erik, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating humidity and sea salt disturbances on CO2 flux measurements
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. - 0739-0572 .- 1520-0426. ; 35, s. 859-875
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global oceans are an important sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Therefore, understanding the air-sea flux of CO2 is a vital part in describing the global carbon balance. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements are often used to study CO2 fluxes from both land and ocean. CO2 are usually measured with infrared absorption sensors, which at the same time measure water vapor. Studies have shown that presence of water vapor fluctuations in the sampling air potentially result in erroneous CO2 flux measurements due to cross-sensitivity of the sensor. Here we compare measured CO2 fluxes from both enclosed path Li-Cor 7200 sensors and open-path Li-Cor 7500 instruments from an inland measurement site and a marine site. We also introduce new quality control criteria based upon a Relative Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). The sampling gas in one of the Li-Cor 7200 instruments was dried by means of a multi-tube diffusion dryer so that the water vapor fluxes were close to zero. With this setup we investigated the effect that cross-sensitivity of the CO2 signal to water vapor can have on the CO2 fluxes. The dryer had no significant effect on the CO2 fluxes. We tested the hypothesis that the cross-sensitivity effect is caused by hygroscopic particles such as sea salt by spraying a saline solution on the windows of the Li-Cor 7200 instruments during the inland field test. Our results confirm earlier findings that sea salt contamination can affect CO2 fluxes significantly and confirm earlier findings, that drying the sampling air for the gas analyzer is an effective method to reduce this signal contamination.
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| 18. |
- Põlajeva, Jelena, et al.
(författare)
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Glioma-derived macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) promotes mast cell recruitment in a STAT5-dependent manner
- 2014
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Ingår i: Molecular Oncology. - : Wiley. - 1574-7891 .- 1878-0261. ; 8:1, s. 50-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, glioma research has increased its focus on the diverse types of cells present in brain tumors. We observed previously that gliomas are associated with a profound accumulation of mast cells (MCs) and here we investigate the underlying mechanism. Gliomas express a plethora of chemoattractants. First, we demonstrated pronounced migration of human MCs toward conditioned medium from cultures of glioma cell lines. Subsequent cytokine array analyses of media from cells, cultured in either serum-containing or -free conditions, revealed a number of candidates which were secreted in high amounts in both cell lines. Among these, we then focused on macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which has been reported to be pro-inflammatory and -tumorigenic. Infiltration of MCs was attenuated by antibodies that neutralized MIF. Moreover, a positive correlation between the number of MCs and the level of MIF in a large cohort of human glioma tissue samples was observed. Further, both glioma-conditioned media and purified MIF promoted differential phosphorylation of a number of signaling molecules, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), in MCs. Inhibition of pSTAT5 signaling significantly attenuated the migration of MCs toward glioma cell-conditioned medium shown to contain MIF. In addition, analysis of tissue microarrays (TMAs) of high-grade gliomas revealed a direct correlation between the level of pSTAT5 in MCs and the level of MIF in the medium. In conclusion, these findings indicate the important influence of signaling cascades involving MIF and STAT5 on the recruitment of MCs to gliomas.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Sinabulya, Helen, et al.
(författare)
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Cultural adaptation and validation of the Swedish VEINES-QOL/Sym in patients with venous insufficiency
- 2018
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Ingår i: Phlebology. - : Sage Publications. - 0268-3555 .- 1758-1125. ; 33:8, s. 540-546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Studies (VEINES) questionnaire, divided into two subscales; symptoms (VEINES-Sym) and quality of life (VEINES-QOL), in a Swedish cohort of patients with venous disease. Methods The original questionnaire was translated into Swedish with forward-backward translation and administered to 112 patients who were consecutively recruited and had varying degrees of chronic venous disease. Mean age was 54.5 ± 15.2 years (range: 19-83) and 75% of the participants were female. All patients completed the RAND 36-item health survey and the VEINES-QOL/Sym. Results The results showed excellent internal consistency for both VEINES-QOL (Cronbach's alpha (α) = 0.93) and VEINES-Sym (α = 0.89). Both the VEINES-QOL and VEINES-Sym correlated well to all the RAND-36 domains, demonstrating good construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed both subscales of the VEINES-QOL/Sym. Conclusions The Swedish VEINES-QOL/Sym is a valid health-related quality of life instrument for chronic venous disease, both for research purposes and for clinical evaluation.
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| 21. |
- Aboagye, Emmanuel, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the association between publication performance and the work environment of university research academics : a systematic review
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientometrics. - : Springer. - 0138-9130 .- 1588-2861. ; 126:4, s. 3283-3301
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this review was to investigate the association between publication performance and the organizational and psychosocial work environment of academics in a university setting. In 2018 we conducted database searches in Web of Science, Medline and other key journals (hand-searched) from 1990 to 2017 based on population, exposure and outcome framework. We examined reference lists, and after a title and abstract scan and full-text reading we identified studies that were original research and fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Articles were evaluated as having a low, moderate or high risk of bias using a quality assessment form. From the studies (n = 32) identified and synthesized, work-environment characteristics could explain the quality and quantity aspects of publication performance of academics. Management practices, leadership and psychosocial characteristics are influential factors that affect academics’ publication productivity. Most of the reviewed studies were judged to be of moderate quality because of issues of bias, related to the measuring of publication outcome. The findings in the studies reviewed suggest that highly productive research academics and departments significantly tend to be influenced by the organizational and psychosocial characteristics of their working environment. The practical relevance of this review is that it highlights where academics’ performance needs support and how the work environment can be improved to bolster publication productivity.
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| 22. |
- Agholme, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Low-dose γ-secretase inhibition increases secretion of Aβ peptides and intracellular oligomeric Aβ.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular and cellular neurosciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-9327 .- 1044-7431. ; 85, s. 211-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- γ-Secretase inhibitors have been considered promising drug candidates against Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to their ability to reduce amyloid-β (Aβ) production. However, clinical trials have been halted due to lack of clinical efficacy and/or side effects. Recent in vitro studies suggest that low doses of γ-secretase inhibitors may instead increase Aβ production. Using a stem cell-derived human model of cortical neurons and low doses of the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT, the effects on a variety of Aβ peptides were studied using mass spectrometry. One major focus was to develop a novel method for specific detection of oligomeric Aβ (oAβ), and this was used to study the effects of low-dose γ-secretase inhibitor treatment on intracellular oAβ accumulation. Low-dose treatment (2 and 20nM) with DAPT increased the secretion of several Aβ peptides, especially Aβx-42. Furthermore, using the novel method for oAβ detection, we found that 2nM DAPT treatment of cortical neurons resulted in increased oAβ accumulation. Thus, low dose-treatment with DAPT causes both increased production of long, aggregation-prone Aβ peptides and accumulation of intracellular Aβ oligomers, both believed to contribute to AD pathology.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Ahmadi, Elena, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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A qualitative study of factors that managers in small companies consider important for their wellbeing
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeGiven the importance of small businesses for society, and the significance of managers’ wellbeing for employee health, leadership, and business performance, more knowledge is needed on the sources of managers’ wellbeing. This study explored factors within the small business context that were perceived by managers to hinder or enable their wellbeing.MethodsData were collected through qualitative semi-structured interviews with 20 managers from 12 small companies, and analysed with content analysis.ResultsThe factors that these managers in small businesses experienced as enhancing or hindering their personal wellbeing covered five categories: demands and resources in the daily managerial work, achievement of results, social factors, organizational factors, and individual factors.ConclusionsThe specific context of managerial work in small companies encompasses unique factors. For instance, the small company managers’ wellbeing was affected by vulnerability due to the smallness of the business and the absence of available resources. Simultaneously, a small company context provided a strong social climate and close relationships with employees and customers that strengthened the managers’ wellbeing. The findings suggest that the availability of financial, personnel, and organizational resources varies between small companies of different size, which may have implications for small business managers’ work and wellbeing.
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| 25. |
- Ahmadi, Elena, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Managers’ and employees’ experiences of how managers’ wellbeing impacts their leadership behaviours in Swedish small businesses
- 2023
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Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 75:1, s. 97-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:There is a growing interest in managers’ wellbeing due to the observed associations between their wellbeing and leadership behaviours, and between leadership behaviours and employees’ wellbeing. However, it is still unclear how managers’ wellbeing influences their practiced leadership across different workplace contexts, which specific behaviours are affected, and how this varies across time.OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was therefore to explore managers’ and employees’ experiences and perceptions regarding the consequences of managers’ wellbeing for their leadership behaviours in small businesses.METHODS:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 37 participants (19 managers and 18 employees) working at 12 Swedish small firms, and analysed using content analysis.RESULTS:The findings show that managers were more constructive when they felt well, and more passively destructive when unwell. Variations in managers’ wellbeing influenced their mood, energy level, and performance, as well as the company’s working climate. However, these destructive leadership variations did not have a substantial impact, because several protective factors were present.CONCLUSION:This study shows that the wellbeing of managers in small businesses has perceptible consequences for their leadership behaviours. The study also shows that sustained leadership behaviours may coexist with temporary variations of these behaviours on a constructive-destructive continuum depending on the leader’s wellbeing. Overall, the findings contribute to a more nuanced and dynamic understanding of how the interaction between managers’ wellbeing and their behaviours unfolds in the particular context of small companies.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Ahmadi, Elena, 1978-
(författare)
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Managers’ Work, Working Conditions and Wellbeing in Small Companies with Profitable Growth
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Managers’ work, working conditions and wellbeing are important determinants of occupational health in organizations. Nevertheless, little research has investigated these factors in the context of small growing businesses, which are known to contribute to employment, economic growth and social stability. The aim of this thesis was to explore managers’ work, working conditions and wellbeing in the context of small businesses with profitable growth. Methods Study I used a cross-sectional design to assess patterns in managerial work activities and leadership behaviours. Studies II–IV used qualitative interviews with managers (II–IV) and employees (II) to explore the effects of managers’ wellbeing on their leadership (II), their working conditions (III), and changes in their working conditions and wellbeing in the context of growing small businesses (IV).Results Managers worked long hours, posing risks for occupational health, but also adopted work practices that bolster occupational health. Firm size matters for managerial work. Managers’ wellbeing reflected in their mood and energy levels and influenced their leadership behaviours and performance, and the company’s work environment. Managers were more constructive when they felt well, and more passively destructive when they felt unwell. Certain factors mitigated the consequences of their negative behaviours in the organization. Five types of managers’ demands and resources (daily managerial work; achievement of results; and social; organizational; and individual factors) were identified, where the specificity of the small business context revealed unique characteristics. Company growth changed managers’ experiences of working conditions and wellbeing.Conclusions The specific context of small growing businesses shaped managers’ work, working conditions and wellbeing and the interplay between them. Dynamism in the organizational context due to growth had implications for managers’ work, working conditions and wellbeing.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Alipour, Akbar, et al.
(författare)
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The transitional pattern of pain and disability, from perceived pain to sick leave : Experience from a longitudinal study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. - : IOS Press. - 1053-8127 .- 1878-6324. ; 26:4, s. 411-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the prospective value of the transitional and dynamic patterns of pain disability over time on sick leave in chronic recurrent back/neck pain cases.Methods: The material used was based on a longitudinal study with three repeated measurements. The graded Chronic Pain Scale was used to assess levels of pain disability. The relationship between the transitional patterns of the pain disability score ( ten defined states of decrease, increase or no change, between two time points) and sick leave was analyzed for 909 chronic/recurrent cases in three different models using logistic regression. Results: Those with high level of pain disability have a more transitional pattern and their pain level changed during the time period studied. When adjusting for age, gender, education and previous sick leave, the final model indicated that the current level of pain disability was a risk factor in taking sick leave. The likelihood of sick leave was highest in the transition of pain into the highest levels of disability, independent of past disability level of pain. Earlier sick leave remained as an important predictor of sick leave.Conclusions: From a clinical and prognostic perspective the probability of sick leave will be different and can be predicted based on previous sick leave but not from former history of pain disability level or its transitional pattern.
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| 30. |
- Almevik, Gunnar, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Nationellt centrum för kulturmiljöns hantverk : The Craft Laboratory - National Centre for Heritage Craft Skills -
- 2011
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Ingår i: Hantverkslaboratorium. Red. Eva Löfgren. - Mariestad : University of Gothenburg. - 9789197938204
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden is full of cultural treasures, and their maintenance requires a great deal of resources. One critical resource is knowledge. Many of our protected cultural environments are the result of extensive craftsmanship, which means that successful conservation of cultural heritage is not possible without advanced craft skills. A simple division into material and immaterial cultural heritage is problematic in terms of craftsmanship, since one cannot survive without the other. Craftsmanship is required for effective conservation, and conservation is necessary for the survival of many crafts. Crafts have to be practised – only then are they maintained and developed. The Craft Laboratory is a new way of dealing with this old problem, that is, the need for craft skills in the conservation of old buildings and cultural environments. The University of Gothenburg and the Swedish National Heritage Board have therefore, together with the Church of Sweden, the National Property Board Sweden, Region Västra Götaland, City of Mariestad, the Swedish Local Heritage Federation as well as craft enterprises and trade organisations, opened a national centre for crafts in conservation. The main task of the centre is to document, pass down and develop weak and endangered craft skills, and to initiate crafts-oriented research and development work within the practice of conservation of cultural heritage. The ambition is also to develop and provide expert support and a knowledge bank for professionals who work in the field or are in charge of the upkeep of our cultural treasures. This text presents the operating blueprint of the Craft Laboratory. Although the issues of motive and theoretical perspectives are addressed to some extent, this introductory text is primarily meant to serve the function of a programme specification. It is intended to answer general questions: What exactly is the Craft Laboratory? What purpose does it have? It starts out by defining and discussing the concepts and epithet included in the heading. How are the crafts in conservation demarcated from other craft practices? What ambition is contained in the epithet ‘national centre’? What do we mean when we refer to the laboratory approach? The text will then briefly present the organisation and approach of the Craft Laboratory using examples from current projects. How are craft skills documented? How are theory and practice integrated? What types of projects and activities can be arranged?
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| 31. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Attraction of Male Pine Sawflies, Diprion jingyuanensis, to Synthetic Pheromone Candidates: Synergism between Two Stereoisomers
- 2023
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI. - 1999-4907. ; 14:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pine sawfly Diprion jingyuanensis Xiao and Zhang (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) is a serious pest of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. in the Shanxi, Gansu, and Inner Mongolia provinces in P. R. China. The sex pheromone of D. jingyuanensis was shown to be the propionate ester of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol. Virgin females contained an approximate 1:3 blend of the pheromone precursors erythro-(2S,3S,7R/S and 2R,3R,7R/S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol and threo-(2S,3R,7R/S and 2R,3S,7R/S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol, but the exact stereoisomers were not determined. Males responded the strongest to the propionate ester of the two threo-isomers, (2S,3R,7R) and (2S,3R,7S), in electroantennogram (EAG) recordings, followed by a significant EAG response to the (2S,3R,7R) propionate of diprionol (pheromone component of D. similis), whereas the remaining two isomers (2S,3S,7S and 2S,3S,7R) of the propionate ester of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol and the acetate of the (2S,3R,7R) isomer (one of the two pheromone components of D. pini) did not elicit any significant increase in antennal response. In the field, the strongly EAG-active (2S,3R,7R)-isomer alone was only weakly (but significantly) attractive to D. jingyuanensis males at 100 & mu;g, while the equally EAG- active (2S,3R,7S)-isomer alone at the same loading was 8-14 times more attractive than was the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer alone. Traps baited with the same amounts of the two threo-isomers ((2S,3R,7R) and (2S,3R,7S), 100 & mu;g + 100 & mu;g) caught significantly more males than did traps baited with other isomers, either of the two isomers alone or other proportions of the two isomers. Thus, the (2S,3R,7S)-isomer is considered as a strong and essential sex-attractant component for D. jingyuanensis males, whereas the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer is a weak but synergistic sex-attractant. This is one of the few examples of a pine sawfly responding significantly stronger to a binary blend of stereoisomers in a synergistic fashion than to a single stereoisomer alone.
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| 32. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Release of sex pheromone and its precursors in the pine sawfly Diprion pini (Hym., Diprionidae)
- 2005
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Ingår i: Chemoecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-7409 .- 1423-0445. ; 15:3, s. 147-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first identification of a sex pheromone of a pine sawfly (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) dates back almost thirty years. Since then, female-produced pheromones of over twenty diprionid species have been investigated by solvent extraction followed by separation and identification. However, no study has shown what the females actually release. Collection of airborne compounds using absorbtion on charcoal filter as well as solid phase microextraction (SPME) followed by analysis employing gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealed an unusual system in Diprion pini, in which the pheromone precursor alcohol, 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol, is released together with acetic, propionic, butyric and isobutyric acids. The corresponding acetate, propionate and butyrate esters of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol were also found in the samples. All esters were electrophysiologically active, and the propionate and isobutyrate were attractive in trapping experiments. Based on these and earlier reported results, it seems that at least in part of its range, the pheromone response of D. pini is not very specific with regard to the functional group, as long as this is an ester.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Andersson, Vincent, et al.
(författare)
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Macrocyclic Prodrugs of a Selective Nonpeptidic Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Display High Permeability, Efficient Bioconversion but Low Bioavailability
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 59:14, s. 6658-6670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The only oral direct thrombin inhibitors that have reached the market, ximelagatran and dabigatran etexilat, are double prodrugs with low bioavailability in humans. We have evaluated an alternative strategy: the preparation of a nonpeptidic, polar direct thrombin inhibitor as a single, macrocyclic esterase-cleavable (acyloxy)alkoxy prodrug. Two homologous prodrugs were synthesized and displayed high solubilities and Caco-2 cell permeabilities, suggesting high absorption from the intestine. In addition, they were rapidly and completely converted to the active zwitterionic thrombin inhibitor in human hepatocytes. Unexpectedly, the most promising prodrug displayed only moderately higher oral bioavailability in rat than the polar direct thrombin inhibitor, most likely due to rapid metabolism in the intestine or the intestinal wall. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in vivo ADME study of macrocyclic (acyloxy)alkoxy prodrugs, and it remains to be established if the modest increase in bioavailability is a general feature of this category of prodrugs or not.
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| 35. |
- Antoni, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of l-2,4-Diamino[4-11C]butyric acid and its use in some In vitro and In vivo tumour models
- 1997
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Ingår i: Nuclear Medicine and Biology. - 0969-8051 .- 1872-9614. ; 24:6, s. 595-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- l-2,4-Diamino[4-11C]butyric acid (DAB) was synthesized by an enzyme catalysed carrier added (0.1 μmol KCN) reaction of hydrogen [11C]cyanide with O-acetyl-l-serine followed by reduction. l-[11C]DAB was obtained with a radiochemical purity higher than 96% and with a decay corrected radiochemical yield of 30–40% within a 32 min reaction time. The enantiomeric excess was 98%. The uptake of l-[11C]DAB was investigated in multicellular aggregates of six different cell lines and animal tumour models. l-[11C]DAB is potentially useful for the assessment of pharmacokinetics of l-DAB in vivo for part of its evaluation as an antitumoural agent, although its use for diagnostic purposes seems limited.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Axén, Iben, et al.
(författare)
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Analyzing repeated data collected by mobile phones and frequent text messages : An example of Low back pain measured weekly for 18 weeks
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Research Methodology. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2288. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Repeated data collection is desirable when monitoring fluctuating conditions. Mobile phones can be used to gather such data from large groups of respondents by sending and receiving frequently repeated short questions and answers as text messages.The analysis of repeated data involves some challenges. Vital issues to consider are the within-subject correlation, the between measurement occasion correlation and the presence of missing values.The overall aim of this commentary is to describe different methods of analyzing repeated data. It is meant to give an overview for the clinical researcher in order for complex outcome measures to be interpreted in a clinically meaningful way.Methods: A model data set was formed using data from two clinical studies, where patients with low back pain were followed with weekly text messages for 18 weeks. Different research questions and analytic approaches were illustrated and discussed, as well as the handling of missing data. In the applications the weekly outcome “number of days with pain” was analyzed in relation to the patients’ “previous duration of pain” (categorized as more or less than 30 days in the previous year).Research questions with appropriate analytical methods1: How many days with pain do patients experience? This question was answered with data summaries.2: What is the proportion of participants “recovered” at a specific time point? This question was answered using logistic regression analysis.3: What is the time to recovery? This question was answered using survival analysis, illustrated in Kaplan-Meier curves, Proportional Hazard regression analyses and spline regression analyses.4: How is the repeatedly measured data associated with baseline (predictor) variables? This question was answered using generalized Estimating Equations, Poisson regression and Mixed linear models analyses.5: Are there subgroups of patients with similar courses of pain within the studied population?A visual approach and hierarchical cluster analyses revealed different subgroups using subsets of the model data.Conclusions: We have illustrated several ways of analysing repeated measures with both traditional analytic approaches using standard statistical packages, as well as recently developed statistical methods that will utilize all the vital features inherent in the data.
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| 38. |
- Axén, Iben, et al.
(författare)
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Clustering patients on the basis of their individual course of low back pain over a six month period
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2474. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Several researchers have searched for subgroups in the heterogeneous population of patients with non-specific low back pain (LBP). To date, subgroups have been identified based on psychological profiles and the variation of pain.Methods: This multicentre prospective observational study explored the 6- month clinical course with measurements of bothersomeness that were collected from weekly text messages that were sent by 176 patients with LBP. A hierarchical cluster analysis, Ward's method, was used to cluster patients according to the development of their pain.Results: Four clusters with distinctly different clinical courses were described and further validated against clinical baseline variables and outcomes. Cluster 1, a "stable" cluster, where the course was relatively unchanged over time, contained young patients with good self- rated health. Cluster 2, a group of "fast improvers" who were very bothered initially but rapidly improved, consisted of patients who rated their health as relatively poor but experienced the fewest number of days with bothersome pain of all the clusters. Cluster 3 was the "typical patient" group, with medium bothersomeness at baseline and an average improvement over the first 4-5 weeks. Finally, cluster 4 contained the "slow improvers", a group of patients who improved over 12 weeks. This group contained older individuals who had more LBP the previous year and who also experienced most days with bothersome pain of all the clusters.Conclusions: It is possible to define clinically meaningful clusters of patients based on their individual course of LBP over time. Future research should aim to reproduce these clusters in different populations, add further clinical variables to distinguish the clusters and test different treatment strategies for them.
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| 39. |
- Axen, I., et al.
(författare)
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Interventions for common mental disorders in the occupational health service: a systematic review with a narrative synthesis
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 93:7, s. 823-838
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Common mental disorders (CMD) are leading causes of decreased workability in Sweden and worldwide. Effective interventions to prevent or treat such disorders are important for public health. Objective To synthesize the research literature regarding occupational health service (OHS) interventions targeting prevention or reduction of CMD among employees. The effect on workability (sickness absence, return-to-work and self-reported workability) and on CMD symptoms was evaluated in a narrative analysis. Data sources The literature search was performed in four electronic databases in two searches, in 2014 and in 2017. Eligibility criteria (using PICO) Population: studies investigating employees at risk or diagnosed with CMD, as well as preventive workplace intervention targeting mental health. Intervention: studies where the recruitment or the intervention was delivered by the OHS or OHS personnel were included. Control: individuals or groups who did not receive the target intervention. Outcome: all types of outcomes concerning sickness absence and psychological health were included. Study quality was assessed using a Swedish AMSTAR-based checklist, and results from studies with low or medium risk of bias were narratively synthesized based on effect or absence thereof. Results Thirty-three studies were included and assessed for risk of bias. Twenty-one studies had low or medium risk of bias. In 18 studies, rehabilitation interventions were evaluated, 11 studies concerned interventions targeting employees at risk for developing CMD and four studies investigated preventive interventions. Work-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and problem-solving skill interventions decreased time to first return-to-work among employees on sick leave for CMD in comparison with treatment-as-usual. However, effect on return to full-time work was not consistent, and these interventions did not consistently improve CMD symptoms. Selective interventions targeting employees at risk of CMD and preventive interventions for employees were heterogeneous, so replication of these studies is necessary to evaluate effect. Limitations Other workplace interventions outside the OHS may have been missed by our search. There was considerable heterogeneity in the included studies, and most studies were investigating measures targeting the individual worker. Interventions at the workplace/organizational level were less common.
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| 40. |
- Axén, Iben, et al.
(författare)
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The use of weekly text messaging over 6 months was a feasible method for monitoring the clinical course of low back pain in patients seeking chiropractic care
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. - : Elsevier. - 0895-4356 .- 1878-5921. ; 65:4, s. 454-461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study critically evaluates a new method of collecting frequent data using mobile phones and text messages. Fluctuating conditions such as low back pain (LBP) need frequent monitoring to describe the clinical course in detail and to account for individual and subgroup variations.Study Design and Setting: In this multicentre prospective observational study, 262 subjects with nonspecific LBP were followed with weekly text messages for 6 months, with the question “How many days this previous week has your low back pain been bothersome?” The text replies were instantly recorded in a data file to be merged with baseline and follow up data (age, gender, pain intensity, duration, and self- rated health) collected through ordinary questionnaires. The response rate, user-friendliness, and compliance of this method were evaluated.Results: The mean response rate for the text messages throughout the study was 82.5% and was unaffected by season. The method was found to be user friendly. Dropout was not affected by age and gender, but compliance was possibly somewhat affected by outcome.Conclusion: Weekly text messages are a useful method of data collection to examine the clinical course of LBP in the primary care sector.
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| 41. |
- Axén, Iben, et al.
(författare)
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Using few and scattered time points for analysis of a variable course of pain can be misleading : an example using weekly text message data
- 2014
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Ingår i: The spine journal. - : Elsevier. - 1529-9430 .- 1878-1632. ; 14:8, s. 1454-1459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background context: Because low back pain (LBP) is a fluctuating condition, the diversity in the prediction literature may be due to when the outcome is measured.Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the prediction of LBP using an outcome measured at several time points.Study design/setting: A multicenter clinical observational study in Sweden.Patient sample: Data were collected on 244 subjects with nonspecific LBP. The mean age of the subjects was 44 years, the mean pain score at inclusion was 4.4/10, and 51% of the sample had experienced LBP for more than 30 days the previous year.Outcome measures: The outcome used in this study was the “number of days with bothersome pain” collected with weekly text messages for 6 months.Methods: In subjects with nonspecific LBP, weekly data were available for secondary analyses. A few baseline variables were chosen to investigate prediction at different time points: pain intensity, the presence of leg pain, duration of LBP the previous year, and self-rated health at baseline. Age and gender acted as additional covariates.Results: In the multilevel models, the predictive variables interacted with time. Thus, the risk of experiencing a day with bothersome LBP varied over time. In the logistic regression analyses, the predictive variable's previous duration showed a consistent predictive ability for all the time points. However, the variables pain intensity, leg pain, and self-rated health showed inconsistent predictive patterns.Conclusions: An outcome based on frequently measured data described the variability in the prediction of future LBP over time. Prediction depended on when the outcome was measured. These results may explain the diversity of the results of the predictor studies in the literature.
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| 42. |
- Baldanzi, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Accelerometer-based physical activity is associated with the gut microbiota in 8416 individuals in SCAPIS.
- 2024
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Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3964. ; 100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous population-based studies investigating the relationship between physical activity and the gut microbiota have relied on self-reported activity, prone to reporting bias. Here, we investigated the associations of accelerometer-based sedentary (SED), moderate-intensity (MPA), and vigorous-intensity (VPA) physical activity with the gut microbiota using cross-sectional data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study.METHODS: In 8416 participants aged 50-65, time in SED, MPA, and VPA were estimated with hip-worn accelerometer. Gut microbiota was profiled using shotgun metagenomics of faecal samples. We applied multivariable regression models, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and technical covariates, and accounted for multiple testing.FINDINGS: Overall, associations between time in SED and microbiota species abundance were in opposite direction to those for MPA or VPA. For example, MPA was associated with lower, while SED with higher abundance of Escherichia coli. MPA and VPA were associated with higher abundance of the butyrate-producers Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia spp. We observed discrepancies between specific VPA and MPA associations, such as a positive association between MPA and Prevotella copri, while no association was detected for VPA. Additionally, SED, MPA and VPA were associated with the functional potential of the microbiome. For instance, MPA was associated with higher capacity for acetate synthesis and SED with lower carbohydrate degradation capacity.INTERPRETATION: Our findings suggest that sedentary and physical activity are associated with a similar set of gut microbiota species but in opposite directions. Furthermore, the intensity of physical activity may have specific effects on certain gut microbiota species.FUNDING: European Research Council, Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, Swedish Research Council, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.
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| 43. |
- Baldanzi, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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OSA Is Associated With the Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Functional Potential in the Population-Based Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chest. - : Elsevier. - 0012-3692 .- 1931-3543. ; 164:2, s. 503-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-breathing disorder linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Intermittent hypoxia and intermittent airway obstruction, hallmarks of OSA, have been shown in animal models to induce substantial changes to the gut microbiota composition and subsequent transplantation of fecal matter to other animals induced changes in blood pressure and glucose metabolism.RESEARCH QUESTION: Does obstructive sleep apnea in adults associate with the composition and metabolic potential of the human gut microbiota?STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We used respiratory polygraphy data from up to 3,570 individuals aged 50-64 from the population-based Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study combined with deep shotgun metagenomics of fecal samples to identify cross-sectional associations between three OSA parameters covering apneas and hypopneas, cumulative sleep time in hypoxia and number of oxygen desaturation events with gut microbiota composition. Data collection about potential confounders was based on questionnaires, on-site anthropometric measurements, plasma metabolomics, and linkage with the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register.RESULTS: We found that all three OSA parameters were associated with lower diversity of species in the gut. Further, the OSA-related hypoxia parameters were in multivariable-adjusted analysis associated with the relative abundance of 128 gut bacterial species, including higher abundance of Blautia obeum and Collinsela aerofaciens. The latter species was also independently associated with increased systolic blood pressure. Further, the cumulative time in hypoxia during sleep was associated with the abundance of genes involved in nine gut microbiota metabolic pathways, including propionate production from lactate. Lastly, we observed two heterogeneous sets of plasma metabolites with opposite association with species positively and negatively associated with hypoxia parameters, respectively.INTERPRETATION: OSA-related hypoxia, but not the number of apneas/hypopneas, is associated with specific gut microbiota species and functions. Our findings lay the foundation for future research on the gut microbiota-mediated health effects of OSA.
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| 44. |
- Ballardini, Natalia, et al.
(författare)
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Development and comorbidity of eczema, asthma and rhinitis to age 12 : data from the BAMSE birth cohort
- 2012
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Ingår i: Allergy. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Allergy-related diseases are a public health issue, but knowledge on development and comorbidity among children is scarce. The aim was to study the development of eczema, asthma and rhinitis in relation to sex and parental allergy, in a population-based cohort, during childhood. METHODS: At 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 years, parental questionnaires were used to obtain data on allergy-related diseases. Complete data for all five follow-up occasions were available from 2916 children. Odds ratios for the risk of any allergy-related disease in relation to heredity and sex were calculated using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: At 12 years, 58% of the children had had eczema, asthma and/or rhinitis at some time. Disease turnover was high for all three diseases throughout the study. Comorbidity increased with age, and at 12 years, 7.5% of all the children were affected by at least two allergy-related diseases. Parental allergy was associated with increased comorbidity and more persistent disease and increased the risk of having any allergy-related disease (adjusted OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.57-1.97) up to 12 years. Male sex was associated with an increased risk throughout childhood. Boys and girls did not differ in disease persistence, and for comorbidity, the differences were minor. CONCLUSIONS: Allergy-related diseases may affect a majority of children. Eczema, asthma and rhinitis develop dynamically throughout childhood, and allergic comorbidity is common. These findings indicate that allergy-related diseases should be neither seen nor studied as isolated entities.
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| 45. |
- Barregård, Lars, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Cadmium Exposure and Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study of Swedish Middle-Aged Adults
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental health perspectives. - 1552-9924 .- 0091-6765. ; 129:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The general population is ubiquitously exposed to the toxic metal cadmium through the diet and smoking. Cadmium exposure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in myocardial infarction and stroke. Atherosclerosis is the main underlying mechanism of myocardial infarction. However, associations between cadmium and coronary artery atherosclerosis have not been examined.Our study sought to examine the hypothesis that blood cadmium (B-Cd) is positively associated with coronary artery calcification, as a measure of coronary artery atherosclerosis in the population-based Swedish SCAPIS study.Our analysis included 5,627 individuals (51% women), age 50-64 y, enrolled from 2013 to 2018. The coronary artery calcium score (CACS) was obtained from computed tomography. Blood cadmium was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Associations between B-Cd and coronary artery calcium score (CACS Agatston score) were evaluated using prevalence ratios (PRs) in models adjusted for sex, age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, low-density cholesterol/high-density cholesterol ratio, and family history.The median B-Cd concentration was 0.24 μ g / L . The prevalence of positive coronary artery calcium ( CACS > 0 ) was 41% and the prevalence of CACS ≥ 100 was 13%. Relative to the lowest quartile (Q) of B-Cd ( < 0.16 μ g / L ), the highest quartile (median 0.63 μ g / L ) was associated with a small but significant increase in CACS > 0 (PR 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.3), and a greater relative increase in CACS ≥ 100 (PR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3, 2.0). When restricted to 2,446 never-smokers, corresponding PRs were 1.1 (95% CI 0.9, 1.3) for CACS > 0 (63 cases in Q4) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.1, 2.7) for CACS ≥ 100 (17 cases in Q4).Blood cadmium in the highest quartile was associated with CACS in a general population sample with low to moderate cadmium exposure. This supports the hypothesis that atherosclerosis is an important mechanism underlying the associations between cadmium and incident cardiovascular disease. The findings suggest that public health measures to reduce cadmium exposure are warranted. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8523.
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| 46. |
- Bergström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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A comprehensive workplace intervention and its outcome with regard to lifestyle, health and sick leave : the AHA study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 31:2, s. 167-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is a prospective multicentre cohort study entitled Work and Health in the Processing and Engineering Industries, the AHA Study (AHA is the Swedish abbreviation for the study). Four large workplaces in Sweden participated during the years from 2000 to 2003. The present report has two objectives: (1) to present a comprehensive occupational health intervention programme and (2) to evaluate this programme with a focus on lifestyle (smoking and exercise), health related quality of life (HRQoL) and sick leave. Interventions were provided on an individual and group level, including evidence-based methods for four health/focus areas (individual level) and a group intervention based on a survey-feedback methodology. The analyses in this report were exclusively employed at an organizational level. The proportion of smokers decreased at three companies and the course of the HRQoL was advantageous at two of the companies as compared to a gainfully employed reference group. A significant decrease in sick leave was revealed at one company, whereas a break in an ascending sick-leave trend appeared at a second company as compared to their respective corporate groups. This comprehensive workplace intervention programme appears to have had positive effects on smoking habits, HRQoL and sick leave.
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| 47. |
- Bergström, Gunnar, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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A psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI‐S): a gender differentiated evaluation
- 1999
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : Wiley. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 3:3, s. 261-273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A need to consider possible gender differences in pain research has been recognized by researchers during the last decades. As part of a psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI-S), we performed gender-differentiated analyses of the internal consistency, validity and sensitivity to change of the MPI-S in a sample of 235 individuals (129 females, 106 males) suffering from long-term non-specific pain from the lower back and/or neck region. The construct validation and sensitivity analyses were performed by using validated self-report measures and direct observational assessment techniques as external constructs. For sections 1 and 2 of the MPI-S, the results support the internal consistency (alpha coefficients ranged from 0.74 to 0.85 for females and 0.62 to 0.89 for males) and construct validity across gender. The General Activity (GA) scale of section 3 of the MPI-S displayed acceptable internal consistency across gender (alpha = 0.79 for females, 0.80 for males) but not a satisfactory construct validity. Furthermore, the results yielded some support for the sensitivity to change of the Pain Severity (PS), Interference (1), Life Control (LC) and Affective Distress (AD) scales (from section 1) across gender. Unfortunately, the GA scale did not display a satisfactory sensitivity either for females or males. Altogether, the results showed a similar pattern across gender, although some divergences were detected, such as the substantially weaker negative correlation between perceived supportive behaviour from significant others and punishing responses for males compared to females. In conclusion, we recommend the use of sections 1 and 2 of the MPI-S as a psychometrically evaluated and comprehensive instrument in the assessment of individuals suffering from chronic non-specific low back pain or neck pain.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Bergström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Acceptanskriterier för repor och intryck i plaströr Accpetance criteria for scratches and indentations in plastic pipes
- 2009
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development of materials and laying techniques have arisen the question how scratches and indentations in plastics pipes affect the strength and technical lifetime of pipelines. Scratches may occur both in the manufacturing of the pipes, in connection with the installation and subsequent maintenance. The problems in assessing the failure risk from scratches and indentations are similar for pipes used in gas and water distribution and in district heating applications. Therefore, a broad effort to identify the risks in relation to current pipe materials is technically and economically justified. The project has aimed to evaluate the effect of scratches and indentations on the technical lifetime of plastics pipes and to present criteria for maximum allowable depth of scratches and indentations. The study on pressure pipes focused on the conditions for scratched polyethylene pipes to achieve a lifetime of 50 years. It is noted that a scratch damage can not be judged solely on the basis of its depth and sharpness. To assess the impact of the scratch on the serviceability of the pipe, consideration must also be taken to the material from which the pipe was made and the safety factor used in the design. Extensive pressure tests show that pipes made of modern materials can withstand surface scratches to a higher degree than pipes of older materials. For pipes made of modern bimodal PE80 and PE100 materials, scratches up to 10% depth may be accepted without reduction of rated pressure. However, for pipes of older material, a reduction in pressure may be required already at smaller scratches. The study also indicates that for the same relative scratch depth, a greater reduction in pressure is required with increasing pipe dimension. The study on the non pressure pipes shows that the studied polypropylene pipes resist both deep scratches combined with ovalization and large indentations without any cracks penetrating the pipe wall. However, the extent and development of crazing and surface cracking vary with scratch depth, deformation level and material. The test pipes were subjected to extreme conditions very rarely or never occurring in practice. This suggests that small scratches at moderate ovalization and realistic indentations in temperatures around room temperature do not affect the lifetime of the pipes. One objective of the project was to develop a method for the evaluation of the scratch resistance of a pipe. In the proposed test method the force needed to produce a specified scratch is measured. This force is used as a relative measure of the scratch resistance of a pipe material when compared to other materials. In order to assess to what extent a scratch affects the lifetime of the pipe, the depth of the scratch must be estimated with reasonable accuracy. Since the scratch in many cases is found on existing pipelines the method must be suited for field use. To achieve that a simple instrument for scratch depth measurements was made and evaluated.
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- Bergström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Accpetance criteria for scratches and indentations in plastic pipes
- 2009
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development of materials and laying techniques have arisen the question how scratches and indentations in plastics pipes affect the strength and technical lifetime of pipelines. Scratches may occur both in the manufacturing of the pipes, in connection with the installation and subsequent maintenance. The problems in assessing the failure risk from scratches and indentations are similar for pipes used in gas and water distribution and in district heating applications. Therefore, a broad effort to identify the risks in relation to current pipe materials is technically and economically justified. The project has aimed to evaluate the effect of scratches and indentations on the technical lifetime of plastics pipes and to present criteria for maximum allowable depth of scratches and indentations. The study on pressure pipes focused on the conditions for scratched polyethylene pipes to achieve a lifetime of 50 years. It is noted that a scratch damage can not be judged solely on the basis of its depth and sharpness. To assess the impact of the scratch on the serviceability of the pipe, consideration must also be taken to the material from which the pipe was made and the safety factor used in the design. Extensive pressure tests show that pipes made of modern materials can withstand surface scratches to a higher degree than pipes of older materials. For pipes made of modern bimodal PE80 and PE100 materials, scratches up to 10% depth may be accepted without reduction of rated pressure. However, for pipes of older material, a reduction in pressure may be required already at smaller scratches. The study also indicates that for the same relative scratch depth, a greater reduction in pressure is required with increasing pipe dimension. The study on the non pressure pipes shows that the studied polypropylene pipes resist both deep scratches combined with ovalization and large indentations without any cracks penetrating the pipe wall. However, the extent and development of crazing and surface cracking vary with scratch depth, deformation level and material. The test pipes were subjected to extreme conditions very rarely or never occurring in practice. This suggests that small scratches at moderate ovalization and realistic indentations in temperatures around room temperature do not affect the lifetime of the pipes. One objective of the project was to develop a method for the evaluation of the scratch resistance of a pipe. In the proposed test method the force needed to produce a specified scratch is measured. This force is used as a relative measure of the scratch resistance of a pipe material when compared to other materials. In order to assess to what extent a scratch affects the lifetime of the pipe, the depth of the scratch must be estimated with reasonable accuracy. Since the scratch in many cases is found on existing pipelines the method must be suited for field use. To achieve that a simple instrument for scratch depth measurements was made and evaluated.
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