| 1. |
- Ahlgren, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
De stora restaureringarna : Från Uppsala domkyrka till Skokloster
- 2004
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- De stora restaureringarna har varit årets tema. Genom att dokumentera och analysera teori och praktik i några av 1800- och 1900-talets största restaureringar - från genomgripande stilrestaureringar till ett mer återhållsamt och tekniskt skonsamt synsätt. Därmed får vi också ett bättre underlag även för dagens ställningstagande.Föremål för våra studier är Uppsala domkyrka, Gripsholms slott, Vreta klosterkyrka, Gustav 11I:s paviljong i Haga, Kungapalatset i Vadstena och Skoklosters slott. Vi hoppas att denna utställning skall bidra till en kritisk hållning och en ökad kunskap om restaureringskonsten, som kvalificerad yrkesuppgift, tidsspegel för historiesyn och som gestaltningsideal.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Andersson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
Inventering och modellering av fisk- och kräftdjurssamhället i Stigfjorden sommaren 2012
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under 31 juli-3 augusti 2012 utförde Kustlaboratoriet vid SLU Aqua ett inventeringsfiske med småryssjor i Stigfjorden mellan Orust och Tjörn med syfte att beskriva fisksamhället i fjorden och att kartlägga viktiga fiskhabitat. Totalt fiskades 80 stationer på djup från ytan ner till 20 m. Området uppvisade ovanligt höga tätheter av juvenil rödspotta, gråsej och torsk. Även fångsterna av stensnultra och tånglake var höga, och bland kräftdjuren dominerade strandkrabban. Resultaten från Stigfjorden jämförs med resultat från tidigare och samtida undersökningar av samma karaktär. Den rumsliga fördelningen av olika arter i förhållande till habitatet beskrevs statistiskt med hjälp av generella additiva modeller, där fångsterna i ryssjorna relateras till data på olika miljövariabler. De statistiska modellerna i kombination med kartor över miljövariabler i området användes sedan för att i GIS producera heltäckande kartor över potentiella habitat för arterna. De arter som modellerades var torsk <18 cm, torsk >18 cm, ål, rödspotta, vitling, stensnultra, tånglake och strandkrabba. Modellernas förklaringsgrad var generellt god, och vattendjup utgjorde den variabel som var viktigast för fördelningen av de flesta arter. Ungtorsk och rödspotta förekom i högst tätheter i de djupare delarna av fjorden, medan gulål, tånglake och strandkrabba, där de två förstnämnda tillsammans med torsken är rödlistade, främst återfanns i de grunda delarna av fjorden. Sammantaget tyder resultaten på att Stigfjorden håller viktiga livsmiljöer för ett flertal fiskarter, framför allt som uppväxtområde för arter som t ex rödspotta och gråsej.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bergström, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Using a psychosocial subgroup assignment to predict sickness absence in a working population with neck and back pain
- 2011
-
Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2474. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The overall objective was to evaluate the predictive validity of a subgroup classification based on the Swedish version of the MPI, the MPI-S, among gainfully employed workers with neck pain (NP) and/or low back pain (LBP) during a follow-up period of 18 and 36 months.Methods: This is a prospective cohort study that is part of a larger longitudinal multi-centre study entitled Work and Health in the Process and Engineering Industries (AHA). The attempt was to classify individuals at risk for developing chronic disabling NP and LBP. This is the first study using the MPI-questionnaire in a working population with NP and LBP.Results: Dysfunctional individuals (DYS) demonstrated more statistically significant sickness absence compared to adaptive copers (AC) after 36 months. DYS also had a threefold increase in the risk ratio of long-term sickness absence at 18 months. Interpersonally distressed (ID) subgroup showed overall more sickness absence compared to the AC subgroup at the 36-month follow-up and had a twofold increase in the risk ratio of long-term sickness absence at 18 months. There was a significant difference in bodily pain, mental and physical health for ID and DYS subgroups compared to the AC group at both follow-ups.Conclusions: The present study shows that this multidimensional approach to the classification of individuals based on psychological and psychosocial characteristics can distinguish different groups in gainfully employed working population with NP/LBP. The results in this study confirm the predictive validity of the MPI-S subgroup classification system.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bergström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
A 7-year follow-up of multidisciplinary rehabilitation among chronic neck and back pain patients : Is sick leave outcome dependent on psychologically derived patient groups?
- 2010
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : Elsevier. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 14:4, s. 426-433
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A valid method for classifying chronic pain patients into more homogenous groups could be useful for treatment planning, that is, which treatment is effective for which patient, and as a marker when evaluating treatment outcome. One instrument that has been used to derive subgroups of patients is the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate a classification method based on the Swedish version of the MPI, the MPI-S, to predict sick leave among chronic neck and back pain patients for a period of 7 years after vocational rehabilitation. As hypothesized, dysfunctional patients (DYS), according to the MPI-S, showed a higher amount of sickness absence and disability pension expressed in days than adaptive copers (AC) during the 7-years follow-up period, even when adjusting for sickness absence prior to rehabilitation (355.8days, 95% confidence interval, 71.7; 639.9). Forty percent of DYS patients and 26.7% of AC patients received disability pension during the follow-up period. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Further analyses showed that the difference between patient groups was most pronounced among patients with more than 60days of sickness absence prior to rehabilitation. Cost-effectiveness calculations indicated that the DYS patients showed an increase in production loss compared to AC patients. The present study yields support for the prognostic value of this subgroup classification method concerning long-term outcome on sick leave following this type of vocational rehabilitation.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bergström, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
-
Extracting syringe for extraction of phthalate esters in aqueous environmental samples
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Analytica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4324 .- 0003-2670. ; 594:2, s. 240-247
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of the extracting syringe (ESy), a fully automated membrane-based extraction technique, for analysis of phthalate esters in complex aqueous samples has been investigated. The ESy, working as an autosampler that combines the extraction process and injection into the gas chromatograph (GC) in one single step, is placed on top of the GC equipped with a flame ionisation detector. The aqueous samples are loaded in a tray and automatically extracted by employing microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction principle. After the extraction, the extract is directly injected into the GC's programmable temperature vaporisation injector. Six different phthalate esters were used as model compounds. Four extraction solvents were tested and the addition of sample organic modifier was examined. Toluene was the optimal solvent to use for extraction. Due to the large variation in polarity of phthalate esters, 50% methanol as organic modifier had to be added to the samples so as to extract the most nonpolar phthalate esters; di-2-ethylhexylphthalate and di-n-octylphthalate, whereas the other four relatively polar phthalate esters were extracted from unmodified samples. No significant difference between extraction of river water, leachate water from a landfill and reagent water was noted, except for minor deviations. The extraction time was 20 min for extraction of a 1-mL sample, resulting in a good linearity for all aqueous media investigated, good enrichment factors (54-110 folds) and low LOD values (0.2-10 ng mL(-1)) and relative standard deviation (%R.S.D.; 0.9-3.7%).
|
|
| 8. |
- Bergström, Stig M., et al.
(författare)
-
Maurits Lindström - A renaissance geoscientist
- 2007
-
Ingår i: GFF. - : the Geological Society of Sweden. - 1103-5897. ; 129:2, s. 65-69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This issue of the GFF is dedicated to Professor Maurits Lindström on the occasion of his 75th birthday by students, colleagues, and friends in recognition of his profound impact on the Science of Geology as researcher and teacher during more than half a century.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Bergström, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
-
Differential gene expression in the olfactory bulb following exposure to the olfactory toxicant 2,6-dichlorophenyl methylsulphone and its 2,5-dichlorinated isomer in mice
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Neurotoxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0161-813X .- 1872-9711. ; 28:6, s. 1120-1128
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 2,6-Dichlorophenyl methylsulphone and a number of structurally related chemicals are CYP-activated toxicants in the olfactory mucosa in mice and rats. This toxicity involves both the olfactory neuroepithelium and its subepithelial nerves. In addition, 2,6-dichlorophenyl methylsulphone, induces glial acidic fibrillary protein expression (Gfap, a biomarker for gliosis) in the olfactory bulb, as well as long-lasting learning deficits and changes in spontaneous behavior in mice and rats. So far the 2,5-dichlorinated isomer has not been reported to cause toxicity in the olfactory system, although it gives rise to transient changes in spontaneous behavior. In the present study we used 15k cDNA gene arrays and real-time RTPCR to determine 2,6-dichlorophenyl methylsulphone-induced effects on gene expression in the olfactory bulb in mice. Seven days following a single ip dose of 2,6-dichlorophenyl methylsulphone, 56 genes were found to be differentially expressed in the olfactory bulb. Forty-one of these genes clustered into specific processes regulating, for instance, cell differentiation, cell migration and apoptosis. The genes selected for real-time RT-PCR were chosen to cover the range of B-values in the cDNA array analysis. Altered expression of Gfap, mt-Rnr2, Ncor1 and Olfml3 was confirmed. The expression of these genes was measured also in mice dosed with 2,5-dichlorophenyl methylsulphone, and mt-Rnr2 and Olfml3 were found to be altered also by this isomer. Combined with previous data, the results support the possibility that the persistent neurotoxicity induced by 2,6-dichlorophenyl methylsulphone in mice represents both an indirect and a direct effect on the brain. The 2,5-dichlorinated isomer, negative with regard to CYP-catalyzed toxicity in the olfactory mucosa, may prove useful to resolve this issue.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Egecioglu, Emil, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Growth hormone receptor deficiency results in blunted ghrelin feeding response, obesity, and hypolipidemia in mice.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 290:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously shown that growth hormone (GH) overexpression in the brain increased food intake, accompanied with increased hypothalamic agouti-related protein (AgRP) expression. Ghrelin, which stimulates both appetite and GH secretion, was injected intracerebroventricularly to GHR-/- and littermate control (+/+) mice to determine whether ghrelin's acute effects on appetite are dependent on GHR signaling. GHR-/- mice were also analyzed with respect to serum levels of lipoproteins, apolipoprotein (apo)B, leptin, glucose, and insulin as well as body composition. Central injection of ghrelin into the third dorsal ventricle increased food consumption in +/+ mice, whereas no change was observed in GHR-/- mice. After ghrelin injection, AgRP mRNA expression in the hypothalamus was higher in +/+ littermates than in GHR-/- mice, indicating a possible importance of AgRP in the GHR-mediated effect of ghrelin. Compared with controls, GHR-/- mice had increased food intake, leptin levels, and total and intra-abdominal fat mass per body weight and deceased lean mass. Moreover, serum levels of triglycerides, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and apoB, as well as glucose and insulin levels were lower in the GHR-/- mice. In summary, ghrelin's acute central action to increase food intake requires functionally intact GHR signaling. Long-term GHR deficiency in mice is associated with high plasma leptin levels, obesity, and increased food intake but a marked decrease in all lipoprotein fractions.
|
|
| 13. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Pulmonary function and atherosclerosis in the general population : causal associations and clinical implications
- 2024
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 39:1, s. 35-49
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50–64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Lower lung function and emphysema were associated with more atherosclerosis, but these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Lung function was not associated with coronary atherosclerosis in 14,524 never-smokers. No potentially causal effect of lung function on atherosclerosis, or vice versa, was found in the 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Here we show that reduced lung function and atherosclerosis are correlated in the population, but probably not causally related. Assessing lung function in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors to gauge risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is probably not meaningful, but low lung function found by chance should alert for atherosclerosis.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Löfstedt, Christer, et al.
(författare)
-
Sex pheromone components of the turnip moth, Agrotis segetum - Chemical identification, electrophysiological evaluation and behavioral activity
- 1982
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - 0098-0331. ; 8:10, s. 1305-1321
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of female abdominal tips of Agrotis segetum by means of GC-MS showed the presence of 13 aliphatic acetates and alcohols. (Z)-7-Dodecenyl acetate was found to be the main component in the extracts at amounts of about 1 ng/female. (Z)-9-Tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenol were present to the extent of 49 and 19%, respectively, of the main component. Minor components could be identified as decyl acetate, (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, dodecyl acetate, (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate, tetradecyl acetate, a tetradecenyl acetate, hexadecyl acetate, a hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-5-decenol, and (Z)-9-tetradecenol. The presence and biological activity of decyl acetate, (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate in the extracts could be detected by GC-EAD. Tested by EAG (Z)-5-decenyl acetate evoked the highest response among pheromone candidates, followed by (E)-5-decenyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate. Single-cell recordings from 100 male antennal sensilla trichodea revealed receptorcells highly sensitive to (Z)-5-decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl, (Z)-8-dodecenyl, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate as well as (Z)-5-decenol. The (Z)-5-decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate receptors were activated significantly also by female extracts. When tested in a tube olfactometer, a blend of decyl, (Z)-5-decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate evoked the same male response as did female glands. Tested in the field, this blend was more attractive than virgin females. Other authors previously reported many of the compounds identified in the present study. However, both quantitative and qualitative discrepancies exist among the various investigations, possibly due to the existence of geographical races.
|
|
| 16. |
- Olsson, Bob, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
Bovine growth hormone transgenic mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity but develop hyperphagia, dyslipidemia, and diabetes on a high-fat diet
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0013-7227 .- 1945-7170. ; 146:2, s. 920-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is known that bovine GH (bGH) transgenic mice have increased body mass, insulin resistance, and altered lipoprotein metabolism when fed a normal diet (ND). In this study, the effects of 8 wk of high-fat diet (HFD) were investigated in 6-month-old male bGH mice. Although littermate controls had unchanged energy intake, energy intake was higher in the bGH mice on a HFD than on a low-fat diet. Nevertheless, the bGH mice were resistant to diet-induced weight gain, and only in the bGH mice did the HFD result in increased energy expenditure. Glucose oxidation was higher in the bGH mice compared with littermate controls on both a HFD and ND. In addition, the bGH mice had 0.5 C higher body temperature throughout the day and increased hepatic uncoupling protein 2 expression; changes that were unaffected by the HFD. On a HFD, the effect of bGH overexpression on serum triglycerides and apolipoprotein B was opposite to that on a ND, resulting in higher serum concentrations of triglycerides and apolipoprotein B compared with littermate controls. Increased serum triglycerides were explained by decreased triglyceride clearance. The HFD led to diabetes only in the bGH mice. In conclusion, bGH transgenic mice were resistant to diet-induced obesity despite hyperphagia, possibly due to increased energy expenditure. On a HFD, bGH mice became dyslipidemic and diabetic and thereby more accurately reflect the metabolic situation in acromegalic patients.
|
|
| 17. |
- Ramseier, Christoph A, et al.
(författare)
-
Consensus Report: 2nd European Workshop on Tobacco Use Prevention and Cessation for Oral Health Professionals.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: International dental journal. - 0020-6539. ; 60:1, s. 3-6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tobacco use has been identified as a major risk factor for oral disorders such as cancer and periodontal disease. Tobacco use cessation (TUC) is associated with the potential for reversal of precancer, enhanced outcomes following periodontal treatment, and better periodontal status compared to patients who continue to smoke. Consequently, helping tobacco users to quit has become a part of both the responsibility of oral health professionals and the general practice of dentistry. TUC should consist of behavioural support, and if accompanied by pharmacotherapy, is more likely to be successful. It is widely accepted that appropriate compensation of TUC counselling would give oral health professionals greater incentives to provide these measures. Therefore, TUC-related compensation should be made accessible to all dental professionals and be in appropriate relation to other therapeutic interventions. International and national associations for oral health professionals are urged to act as advocates to promote population, community and individual initiatives in support of tobacco use prevention and cessation (TUPAC) counselling, including integration in undergraduate and graduate dental curricula. In order to facilitate the adoption of TUPAC strategies by oral health professionals, we propose a level of care model which includes 1) basic care: brief interventions for all patients in the dental practice to identify tobacco users, assess readiness to quit, and request permission to re-address at a subsequent visit, 2) intermediate care: interventions consisting of (brief) motivational interviewing sessions to build on readiness to quit, enlist resources to support change, and to include cessation medications, and 3) advanced care: intensive interventions to develop a detailed quit plan including the use of suitable pharmacotherapy. To ensure that the delivery of effective TUC becomes part of standard care, continuing education courses and updates should be implemented and offered to all oral health professionals on a regular basis.
|
|
| 18. |
- Schiele, Miriam A., et al.
(författare)
-
Therapygenetic effects of 5-HTTLPR on cognitive-behavioral therapy in anxiety disorders : A meta-analysis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: European Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Elsevier. - 0924-977X .- 1873-7862. ; 44, s. 105-120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a recurring debate on the role of the serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) in the moderation of response to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in anxiety disorders. Results, however, are still inconclusive. We here aim to perform a meta-analysis on the role of 5-HTTLPR in the moderation of CBT outcome in anxiety disorders. We investigated both categorical (symptom reduction of at least 50%) and dimensional outcomes from baseline to post-treatment and follow-up. Original data were obtained from ten independent samples (including three unpublished samples) with a total of 2,195 patients with primary anxiety disorder. No significant effects of 5-HTTLPR genotype on categorical or dimensional outcomes at post and follow-up were detected. We conclude that current evidence does not support the hypothesis of 5-HTTLPR as a moderator of treatment outcome for CBT in anxiety disorders. Future research should address whether other factors such as long-term changes or epigenetic processes may explain further variance in these complex gene-environment interactions and molecular-genetic pathways that may confer behavioral change following psychotherapy.
|
|
| 19. |
- Sundström, Johan, Professor, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Weight gain and blood pressure
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 38:3, s. 387-394
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Although the causality of the obesity—hypertension association is established, the potential for prevention is not. We hypothesized that weight gain between early adulthood and mid-life is associated with higher mid-life blood pressure.METHODS: We investigated the hypothesis using a large contemporaneous population-based mid-life cohort of men and women aged 50-64 years. Recalled body weight at age 20 years was self-reported, and mid-life body weight and office blood pressures were measured in accordance with a detailed protocol.RESULTS: On average, men had gained 14.9 (95% CI 14.6-15.2) kg of weight, and women 14.6 (95% CI 14.4-14.9) kg, between age 20 years and the mid-life examination, corresponding to 0.40 (95% CI 0.39-0.41) kg/year for men and women. Both weight at age 20 years and weight at the mid-life examination were associated with mid-life blood pressures. On average, a 10 kg weight increase between age 20 years and mid-life was associated with 2.2 (95% CI 0.9-3.5) mmHg higher systolic and 1.7 (95% CI 0.9-2.5) mmHg higher diastolic mid-life blood pressure in men, and 3.2 (2.5-4.0) mmHg higher systolic and 2.4 (1.9-2.9) mmHg higher diastolic mid-life blood pressure in women. Mid-life weight was more closely associated than weight at age 20 years with mid-life blood pressure. For a given mid-life weight, blood pressure was higher in persons with higher weight gain from age 20 years.CONCLUSION: In sum, weight gain between early adulthood and mid-life was associated with higher mid-life blood pressure. The magnitude of the association indicates a potentially great public health impact of strategies to prevent weight gain throughout adulthood.
|
|
| 20. |
- Warnakulasuriya, Saman, et al.
(författare)
-
Oral health risks of tobacco use and effects of cessation
- 2010
-
Ingår i: International Dental Journal. ; 60, s. 7-30
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to review the epidemiologic evidence for the effects of tobacco use and tobacco use cessation on a variety of oral diseases and conditions. Exposures considered include cigarette and bidi smoking, pipe and cigar smoking, and smokeless tobacco use. Oral diseases and disorders considered include oral cancer and precancer, periodontal disease, caries and tooth loss, gingival recession and other benign mucosal disorders as well as implant failure. Particular attention is given to the impact of tobacco use cessation on oral health outcomes. We conclude that robust epidemiologic evidence exists for adverse oral health effects of tobacco smoking and other types of tobacco use. In addition, there is compelling evidence to support significant benefits of tobacco use cessation with regard to various oral health outcomes. Substantial oral health benefits can be expected from abstention and successful smoking cessation in a variety of populations across all ages.
|
|
| 21. |
- Aboagye, Emmanuel, et al.
(författare)
-
Exhaustion and Impaired Work Performance in the Workplace : Associations With Presenteeism and Absenteeism
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 61:11, s. 438-444
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between presenteeism and absenteeism during the previous year and the current levels of exhaustion and impaired work performance in a Swedish university setting.Methods: In a study of 3525 employees, an ordinal logistic regression and general linear model was used to examine the association between presenteeism and absenteeism during the previous year and the current exhaustion and impaired work performance, respectively.Results: Presenteeism, but not absenteeism, during the previous year independently increased the risk of having moderate or severe exhaustion. Presenteeism, absenteeism, and exhaustion remained positively associated with impaired work performance when health status and other confounders had been adjusted for.Conclusions: Presenteeism, but not absenteeism, was associated with exhaustion. Both presenteeism and absenteeism were the salient correlates of impaired work performance.
|
|
| 22. |
- Aboagye, Emmanuel, et al.
(författare)
-
What is Number of Days in Number of Times? : Associations Between, and Responsiveness of, Two Sickness Presenteeism Measures
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 62:5, s. e180-e185
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the associations between sickness presenteeism (SP) reported as number of days with SP reported as number of times and to evaluate their responsiveness.Methods: The study population (n = 454) consisted of employed individuals, at risk of long-term sickness absence. Correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the two SP measures and external constructs such as work performance, general health, and registered sick leave. Both SP constructs were measured several times to examine responsiveness.Results: The SP measures are moderately correlated. They moderately correlated with work performance and health status measures. SP reported as number of times seems to be more sensitive than number of days in detecting changes after rehabilitation.Conclusions: Numerical or categorical constructs are valid sources of data on SP. However, categorized SP seems to be more responsive.
|
|
| 23. |
- Abrahamsson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
Sopact - en katalysator för samhällsnytta
- 2020
-
Ingår i: 1666. 1999. 2000. 2020. Campus Helsingborg 20 år.. - 9789151970912 ; , s. 327-333
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 24. |
- Adamiak, Beata, et al.
(författare)
-
Human antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein C are neutralizing and target the heparan sulfate-binding domain
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Virology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0042-6822. ; 400:2, s. 197-206
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human antibodies specific for glycoprotein C (gC1) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) neutralized the virus infectivity and efficiently inhibited attachment of HSV-1 to human HaCaT keratinocytes and to murine mutant L cells expressing either heparan sulfate or chondroitin sulfate at the cell surface. Similar activities were observed with anti-gC1 monoclonal antibody B1C1. In addition to HaCaT and L cells, B1C1 antibody neutralized HSV-1 infectivity in simian GMK AH1 cells mildly pre-treated with heparinase III. Human anti-gC1 antibodies efficiently competed with the binding of gC1 to B1C1 antibody whose epitope overlaps a part of the attachment domain of gC1. Human anti-gC1 and B1C1 antibodies extended survival time of mice experimentally infected with HSV-1. We conclude that in HaCaT cells and in cell systems showing restricted expression of glycosaminoglycans, human and some monoclonal anti-gC1 antibodies can target the cell-binding domain of this protein and neutralize viral infectivity.
|
|
| 25. |
- Ahlgren, Cecilia, 1946, et al.
(författare)
-
Serum and CSF measles antibody levels increase over time in patients with multiple sclerosis or clinically isolated syndrome
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Neuroimmunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-5728. ; 247:1-2, s. 70-74
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In general, measles virus (MV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titres decline over time. However, we found that serum and CSF MV antibody titres increased with age (slope=0.038, p<0.001 and slope=0.022, p=0.008), respectively, and disease duration (slope=0.031, p=0.002 and slope=0.032, p=0.005), respectively, in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). The age dependency of serum antibody levels differed between patients and controls (slope=0.038 versus -0.004, p<0.001). The increasing MV antibody litres over time in MS/CIS patients support a general nonspecific stimulation of B cells and plasma cells that is not confined only to the CNS/CSF compartment.
|
|
| 26. |
- Ahlgren, Cecilia, 1946, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of live, attenuated measles vaccine and measles infection on measles antibody levels in serum and CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis or clinically isolated syndrome.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of neuroimmunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8421 .- 0165-5728. ; 235:1-2, s. 98-103
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High occurrence of measles, rubella and varicella zoster antibodies has been used as a biomarker for MS (the MRZ test). We analyzed measles antibody titres with respect to measles infection/measles vaccination status in 166 patients with MS or clinically isolated syndrome. Fifty blood donors served as controls. Measles vaccination yielded CSF measles antibodies in fewer patients (62%) than measles infection did (87%, p=0.001) and yielded lower measles titres in both serum and CSF (p<0.001). Controls had lower CSF measles titres than patients with measles vaccination alone (p<0.001). Childhood vaccinations probably reduce the sensitivity of the MRZ diagnostic test for MS.
|
|
| 27. |
- Ahmed, Mobyen Uddin, Dr, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
A machine learning approach for biomass characterization
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 1279-1287
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this work is to apply and evaluate different chemometric approaches employing several machine learning techniques in order to characterize the moisture content in biomass from data obtained by Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The approaches include three main parts: a) data pre-processing, b) wavelength selection and c) development of a regression model enabling moisture content measurement. Standard Normal Variate (SNV), Multiplicative Scatter Correction and Savitzky-Golay first (SG1) and second (SG2) derivatives and its combinations were applied for data pre-processing. Genetic algorithm (GA) and iterative PLS (iPLS) were used for wavelength selection. Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and traditional Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression, were employed as machine learning regression methods. Results shows that SNV combined with SG1 first derivative performs the best in data pre-processing. The GA is the most effective methods for variable selection and GPR achieved a high accuracy in regression modeling while having low demands on computation time. Overall, the machine learning techniques demonstrate a great potential to be used in future NIR spectroscopy applications. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of ICAE2018 - The 10th International Conference on Applied Energy.
|
|
| 28. |
- Akrami, Yashar, et al.
(författare)
-
A Profile Likelihood Analysis of the Constrained MSSM with Genetic Algorithms
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :4, s. 057-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (CMSSM) is one of the simplest and most widely-studied supersymmetric extensions to the standard model of particle physics. Nevertheless, current data do not sufficiently constrain the model parameters in a way completely independent of priors, statistical measures and scanning techniques. We present a new technique for scanning supersymmetric parameter spaces, optimised for frequentist profile likelihood analyses and based on Genetic Algorithms. We apply this technique to the CMSSM, taking into account existing collider and cosmological data in our global fit. We compare our method to the MultiNest algorithm, an efficient Bayesian technique, paying particular attention to the best-fit points and implications for particle masses at the LHC and dark matter searches. Our global best-fit point lies in the focus point region. We find many high-likelihood points in both the stau co-annihilation and focus point regions, including a previously neglected section of the co-annihilation region at large m 0. We show that there are many high-likelihood points in the CMSSM parameter space commonly missed by existing scanning techniques, especially at high masses. This has a significant influence on the derived confidence regions for parameters and observables, and can dramatically change the entire statistical inference of such scans.
|
|
| 29. |
- Al-kharusi, Enass Said., et al.
(författare)
-
Large-Scale Retrieval of Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter in Northern Lakes Using Sentinel-2 Data
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Remote Sensing. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-4292. ; 12:1, s. 157-157
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Owing to the significant societal value of inland water resources, there is a need for cost-effective monitoring of water quality on large scales. We tested the suitability of the recently launched Sentinel-2A to monitor a key water quality parameter, coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM), in various types of lakes in northern Sweden. Values of a(420)CDOM (CDOM absorption at 420 nm wavelength) were obtained by analyzing water samples from 46 lakes in five districts across Sweden within an area of approximately 800 km2. We evaluated the relationships between a(420)CDOM and band ratios derived from Sentinel-2A Level-1C and Level-2A products. The band ratios B2/B3 (460 nm/560 nm) and B3/B5 (560 nm/705 nm) showed poor relationships with a(420)CDOM in Level-1C and 2A data both before and after the removal of outliers. However, there was a slightly stronger power relationship between the atmospherically-corrected B3/B4 ratio and a(420)CDOM (R2 = 0.28, n = 46), and this relationship was further improved (R2 = 0.65, n = 41) by removing observations affected by light haze and cirrus clouds. This study covered a wide range of lakes in different landscape settings and demonstrates the broad applicability of a(420)CDOM retrieval algorithms based on the B3/B4 ratio derived from Sentinel-2A. View Full-Text
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- AlMotasem, Ahmed Tamer, et al.
(författare)
-
Adhesion between ferrite iron-€“iron/cementite countersurfaces : A molecular dynamics study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Tribology International. - : Elsevier. - 0301-679X .- 1879-2464. ; 103, s. 113-120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adhesive properties of Fe(110)/Fe(110) and Fe3C(001)/Fe(110) countersurfaces have been investigated by using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The simulation results show that Fe3C/Fe exhibits a relatively lower adhesion compared to the Fe/Fe. Additionally, the temperature dependence of the adhesive properties between 300–700 K has been examined. The results demonstrate that, with increasing the temperature, the values of the adhesion force and the work of adhesion continuously decrease in the case of Fe3C/Fe; they initially slightly increase up to 500 K then decrease in the case of Fe/Fe. Furthermore, the effect of lattice coherency between Fe/Fe has been examined and found to slightly reduce the adhesion. These results explain how carbides improve galling resistance of tool steel observed during dry sliding.
|
|
| 32. |
- AlMotasem, Ahmed Tamer, et al.
(författare)
-
Atomistic insights on the wear/friction behavior of nanocrystalline ferrite during nanoscratching as revealed by molecular dynamics
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Tribology letters. - New York : Springer. - 1023-8883 .- 1573-2711. ; 65:3, s. 101-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using embedded atom method potential, extensive large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of nanoindentation/nanoscratching of nanocrystalline (nc) iron have been carried out to explore grain size dependence of wear response. MD results show no clear dependence of the frictional and normal forces on the grain size, and the single-crystal (sc) iron has higher frictional and normal force compared to nc-samples. For all samples, the dislocation- mediated mechanism is the primary cause of plastic deformation in both nanoindentation/nanoscratch. However, secondary cooperative mechanisms are varied significantly according to grain size. Pileup formation was observed in the front of and sideways of the tool, and they exhibit strong dependence on grain orientation rather than grain size. Tip size has significant impact on nanoscratch characteristics; both frictional and normal forces monotonically increase as tip radii increase, while the friction coefficient value drops by about 38%. Additionally, the increase in scratch depth leads to an increase in frictional and normal forces as well as friction coefficient. To elucidate the relevance of indentation/scratch results with mechanical properties, uniaxial tensile test was performed for nc-samples, and the result indicates the existence of both the regular and inverse Hall-Petch relations at critical grain size of 110.9 angstrom. The present results suggest that indentation/scratch hardness has no apparent correlation with the mechanical properties of the substrate, whereas the plastic deformation has.
|
|
| 33. |
- AlMotasem, Ahmed Tamer, et al.
(författare)
-
Tool microstructure impact on the wear behavior of ferrite iron during nanoscratching : An atomic level simulation
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Wear. - : Elsevier. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 370-371, s. 39-45
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present work, molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the impact of the tool microstructure on the wear behavior of ferrite workpiece during nanoscratching. The tool microstructure was modified by varying the carbide (cementite) contents. The simulation results show that dislocations are the primary mechanism for plastic deformation of the workpiece material. It is found that total dislocation length varies significantly depending on the carbide content in the tool. Furthermore, other tribological phenomena were also observed to depend on the carbide contents. For example, the average value of frictional forces decreased while the normal force increases with increasing carbide contents, and hence the friction coefficient was decreased. Additionally, the shape and size of lateral and frontal pileups are lowered. The structural analysis of the pileup region reveals the loss of long range order and start of amorphisation. The temperature distribution of the pileup regions showed an increase of the pileup temperature when carbide is added into tool. The wear volume is considerably reduced when the carbide content increases. The average scratch hardness was found to decrease and the result was analyzed with the theoretical Taylor hardening model.
|
|
| 34. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
-
Field response of the pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer to the pheromone (2S, 3S, 7S)‐diprionyl acetate and its stereoisomers
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 0013-8703. ; 62:2, s. 169-181
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All eight optical isomers of 3,7‐dimethyl‐2‐pentadecanyl acetate (diprionyl acetate), of high optical purity (>97.4%), were tested for a behavioural activity on male pine sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffr.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), in northern Europe. Males were strongly attracted to (2S, 3S, 7S)‐diprionyl acetate. Addition of more than 0.1% of the (2S, 3R, 7R)‐isomer reduced the catch and above 2% the attraction was completely inhibited. Contrary to what has been reported for North American and Japanese populations, so significant synergistic effect of small amounts of the (2S, 3R, 7R)‐isomer could be demonstrated. The effects of addition of the other six optical isomers alone or in combinations, were also studied, but none was found to be a synergist. The (2S, 3R, 7S)‐isomer had a weak inhibitory effect, and completely inhibited the attraction to the (2S, 3S, 7S)‐isomer when applied in about equal amounts as the attractant. In some cases a reduction in catch was noted when other isomers were tested, but this could be attributed to the very small amounts of the inhibitory (2S, 3R, 7R)‐isomer present in these isomers. 1992 The Netherlands Entomological Society
|
|
| 35. |
- Andersson, E, et al.
(författare)
-
Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 42:10, s. 2193-2203
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) but access to CBT is limited. Internet-based CBT (ICBT) with therapist support is potentially a more accessible treatment. There are no randomized controlled trials testing ICBT for OCD. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of ICBT for OCD in a randomized controlled trial. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethod. Participants (n=101) diagnosed with OCD were randomized to either 10 weeks of ICBT or to an attention control condition, consisting of online supportive therapy. The primary outcome measure was the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) administered by blinded assessors. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults. Both treatments lead to significant improvements in OCD symptoms, but ICBT resulted in larger improvements than the control condition on the YBOCS, with a significant between-group effect size (Cohens d) of 1.12 (95% CI 0.69-1.53) at post-treatment. The proportion of participants showing clinically significant improvement was 60% (95% CI 46-72) in the ICBT group compared to 6% (95% CI 1-17) in the control condition. The results were sustained at follow-up. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions. ICBT is an efficacious treatment for OCD that could substantially increase access to CBT for OCD patients. Replication studies are warranted.
|
|
| 36. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of a new approach to guided self-help via the Internet : The Swedish experience
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of technology in human services. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1522-8835 .- 1522-8991. ; 26:2-4, s. 161-181
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes the development and empirical status of guided Internet-delivered self-help. The treatment approach combines the benefits of bibliotherapy with book-length text materials and the support given online via web pages and e-mail. Interactive features such as online registrations, tests, and online discussion forums are also included. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) guided the research and clinical implementations of this approach, as it lends itself more easily to the self-help format compared with other presently available psychotherapy approaches. We include an overview of the research, current issues and research in service delivery, lessons learned through a program of research, and directions for future investigations
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Internet-based self-help for depression : randomised controlled trial
- 2005
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 187, s. 456-461
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Major depression can be treated by means of cognitive-behavioural therapy, but as skilled therapists are in short supply there is a need for self-help approaches. Many individuals with depression use the internet for discussion of symptoms and to share their experience.AIMS:To investigate the effects of an internet-administered self-help programme including participation in a monitored, web-based discussion group, compared with participation in web-based discussion group only.METHOD:A randomised controlled trial was conducted to compare the effects of internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy with minimal therapist contact (plus participation in a discussion group) with the effects of participation in a discussion group only.RESULTS:Internet-based therapy with minimal therapist contact, combined with activity in a discussion group, resulted in greater reductions of depressive symptoms compared with activity in a discussion group only (waiting-list control group). At 6 months' follow-up, improvement was maintained to a large extent.CONCLUSIONS:Internet-delivered cognitive cognitive-behavioural therapy should be pursued further as a complement or treatment alternative for mild-to-moderate depression.
|
|
| 39. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
-
Paniksyndrom : ond cirkel av feltolkade kroppsliga signaler
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen förlag AB. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 108:14, s. 795-797
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attacker av intensiv rädsla utan tydlig yttre orsak som leder till rädsla för nya attacker – det kännetecknar paniksyndrom. Evidensbaserade behandlingsalternativ finns, och det finns inget skäl att avvakta med behandling.
|
|
| 40. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
-
Paniksyndrom - ond cirkel av feltolkade kroppsliga signaler
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 108:14, s. 795-797
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paniksyndrom kännetecknas av plötsliga, oväntade panikattacker med rädsla för nya attacker eller konsekvenser av dem. En andel patienter har även agorafobi. Olika förklaringsmodeller har förts fram för att beskriva hur paniksyndrom uppstår och vidmakthålls. Flera behandlingar för paniksyndrom finns, och bland dem är det psykologisk behandling i form av kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT) eller läkemedelsbehandling (i första hand selektiva serotoninåterupptagshämmare) som rekommenderas och som har stöd i forskningen. I Sverige har Internetbaserad KBT för paniksyndrom utvecklats och prövats med framgång. I valet av behandling bör patientens preferenser vägas in.
|
|
| 41. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
The use of the internet in the treatment of anxiety disorders
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Current Opinion in Psychiatry. - 0951-7367 .- 1473-6578. ; 18:1, s. 73-77
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of review: The aim of this article is to review the emerging literature on the use of the Internet in the treatment of anxiety disorders. The questions asked are: (1) are Internet-delivered treatments for anxiety disorders supported by the research literature? (2) what is the quality of the evidence as it stands? (3) is there any evidence to suggest that Internet interventions can be harmful? Recent findings: Recent and ongoing trials on panic disorder show that Internet-based self-help with minimal therapist contact is a promising approach in the treatment of panic disorder. However, trials have been small and there is a need for large-scale trials and studies conducted in psychiatric settings as most studies have recruited patients via advertisement. There is no evidence in the literature that Internet intervention is harmful, but most likely a stepped-care approach would be feasible to handle cases who fail to respond. Summary: Internet-delivered interventions for anxiety disorders, and in particular panic disorder, are promising. There is however a need for further research and evaluation and there is also a need to find a proper place for such interventions in the clinical management of anxiety disorders, preferably using a stepped-care approach. © 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
- Andersson, Irene, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Endothelial dysfunction in growth hormone transgenic mice
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Clinical Science. - 0143-5221 .- 1470-8736. ; 110:2, s. 217-25
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acromegaly [overproduction of GH (growth hormone)] is associated with cardiovascular disease. Transgenic mice overexpressing bGH (bovine GH) develop hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia and could be a model for cardiovascular disease in acromegaly. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of excess GH on vascular function and to test whether oxidative stress affects endothelial function in bGH transgenic mice. We studied the ACh (acetylcholine)-induced relaxation response in aortic and carotid rings of young (9-11 weeks) and aged (22-24 weeks) female bGH transgenic mice and littermate control mice, without and with the addition of a free radical scavenger {MnTBAP [Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride]}. We also measured mRNA levels of eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and EC-SOD (extracellular superoxide dismutase). Intracellular superoxide anion production in the vascular wall was estimated using a dihydroethidium probe. Carotid arteries from bGH transgenic mice had an impaired ACh-induced relaxation response (young, 46 +/- 7% compared with 69 +/- 8%; aged, 52 +/- 5% compared with 80 +/- 3%; P < 0.05), whereas endothelial function in aorta was intact in young but impaired in aged bGH transgenic mice. Endothelial dysfunction was corrected by addition of MnTBAP in carotid arteries from young mice and in aortas from aged mice; however, MnTBAP did not correct endothelial dysfunction in carotid arteries from aged bGH transgenic mice. There was no difference in intracellular superoxide anion production between bGH transgenic mice and control mice, whereas mRNA expression of EC-SOD and eNOS was increased in aortas from young bGH transgenic mice compared with control mice (P < 0.05). We interpret these data to suggest that bGH overexpression is associated with a time- and vessel-specific deterioration in endothelial function, initially caused by increased oxidative stress and later by other alterations in vascular function.
|
|
| 44. |
- Andersson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
Biologisk recipientkontroll vid Oskarshamns kärnkraftverk : Sammanställning av undersökningar till och med 2008
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Påverkan på fisk och bottenfauna av kylvattenutsläpp från ett kärnkraftverk vid svenska östersjökusten har övervakats under mer än 40 år. Positiva effekter på beståndsstorlek och tillväxt hos abborre har observerats och få fiskarter har påverkats i negativ riktning av kraftverkets drift. Stora och långsiktiga förändringar hos marina fiskarter som torsk, strömming och bottenlevande evertebrater har inte kunnat kopplas till kraftverkets drift utan antas spegla storskaliga förändringar hos Östersjöns ekosystem
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
- Andersson, Sara B. E., et al.
(författare)
-
Interlaboratory Validation of Small-Scale Solubility and Dissolution Measurements of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3549 .- 1520-6017. ; 105:9, s. 2864-2872
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the interlaboratory variability in determination of apparent solubility (Sapp) and intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) using a miniaturized dissolution instrument. Three poorly water-soluble compounds were selected as reference compounds and measured at multiple laboratories using the same experimental protocol. Dissolution was studied in fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid and phosphate buffer (pH 6.5). An additional 6 compounds were used for the development of an IDR measurement guide, which was then validated with 5 compounds. The results clearly showed a need for a standardized protocol including both the experimental assay and the data analysis. Standardization at both these levels decreased the interlaboratory variability. The results also illustrated the difficulties in performing disc IDR on poorly water-soluble drugs because the concentrations reached are typically below the limit of detection. The following guidelines were established: for compounds with Sapp > 1 mg/mL, the disc method is recommended. For compounds with Sapp <100 μg/mL, IDR is recommended to be performed using powder dissolution. Compounds in the interval 100 μg/mL to 1 mg/mL can be analyzed with either of these methods.
|
|
| 47. |
- Andersson, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
-
Sweden
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Standing up for your right(s) in Europe. - Cambridge : Intersentia. - 1780681569 - 9781780681566 ; , s. 517-569
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 48. |
- Andersson, Vincent, et al.
(författare)
-
Macrocyclic Prodrugs of a Selective Nonpeptidic Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Display High Permeability, Efficient Bioconversion but Low Bioavailability
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 59:14, s. 6658-6670
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The only oral direct thrombin inhibitors that have reached the market, ximelagatran and dabigatran etexilat, are double prodrugs with low bioavailability in humans. We have evaluated an alternative strategy: the preparation of a nonpeptidic, polar direct thrombin inhibitor as a single, macrocyclic esterase-cleavable (acyloxy)alkoxy prodrug. Two homologous prodrugs were synthesized and displayed high solubilities and Caco-2 cell permeabilities, suggesting high absorption from the intestine. In addition, they were rapidly and completely converted to the active zwitterionic thrombin inhibitor in human hepatocytes. Unexpectedly, the most promising prodrug displayed only moderately higher oral bioavailability in rat than the polar direct thrombin inhibitor, most likely due to rapid metabolism in the intestine or the intestinal wall. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in vivo ADME study of macrocyclic (acyloxy)alkoxy prodrugs, and it remains to be established if the modest increase in bioavailability is a general feature of this category of prodrugs or not.
|
|
| 49. |
- Antonsson, Ann-Beth, et al.
(författare)
-
Möjligheter och begränsningar avseende användning av slutningsåtgärder för metallhaltiga vatten
- 1992
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Målsättningen för det här fleråriga projektet är att ta fram ett objektivt tekniskt/ekonomiskt underlag avseende olika separationsteknikers möjligheter och begränsningar att sluta en ytbehandlingsanläggning. Tyngdpunkten ligger på metallbeläggningssidan. I den första delen av projektet har vi på laboratoriet behandlat följande provvattentyper från ytbehandlare. - Sköljvatten från förkromning, förkoppring, förnickling och förzinkning - Totalavlopp efter konventionell fällning. Vi har behandlat vattnen med ett stort antal olika separationstekniker. Jonbyte, omvänd osmos, nanofiltrering, indunstning, elektrolys, elektrodialys, sulfidfällning, aktivt kol. Vad gäller avskiljningen av metall kan man konstatera att det går att producera ett vatten med mycket låga resthalter, framförallt med jonbyte, omvänd osmos och indunstning. Investeringskostnaden för dessa metoder ökar nu i nämnd ordning. Det finns många företag som använder separationstekniker i sina system (framför allt jonbyte). Emellertid används dessa oftast för att återanvända sköljvattnet. De metaller som uppkoncentreras fälls oftast ut som metallhydroxider. För att kunna återföra metaller och andra prestationskemikalier till processbadet krävs det att man uppnår rätt koncentration samtidigt som man inte ska återföra föroreningar till badet. Helst ska dessa blödas ut ur systemet. För de tekniker som studerats var avskiljningsförmågan för metall hög för alla metoder utom aktivt kol. För organiskt material var den hög för omvänd osmos och indunstning. För att kunna bedöma möjligheten att återföra koncentrat till baden krävs det kunskap om korrekt badsammansättning, tolerabla avvikelser samt innehåll i de koncentrat som ska återföras. I den här inledande delen av projektet kan vi konstatera att kunskapen kring dessa frågor många gånger är bristfällig. En genomgång av vilka kemikalier som kan finnas i sköljvattnen och vilka inneboende hälsorisker dessa besitter har sammanställts. Med utgångspunkt från detta har sedan tänkbara hälsorisker som kan uppstå vid slutning diskuterats. I etapp 2 kommer arbetsmiljöaspekterna att belysas ytterligare i samband med pilotkörningarna i fält. Jonbyte, omvänd osmos (RO) och indunstning kommer att utprovas under långvariga och realistiska omständigheter. Dessutom kommer Elektrodialys (ED) och elektrolys att utprovas på mer koncentrerade sparsköljar och koncentrat från de andra metoderna.
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
