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Sökning: WFRF:(Bergström Malin)

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1.
  • Einarsdottir, Sigrun, et al. (författare)
  • Deficiency of SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses after vaccination in long-term allo-HSCT survivors translates into abated humoral immunity.
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Blood advances. - : American Society of Hematology. - 2473-9537 .- 2473-9529. ; 6:9, s. 2723-2730
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for hematological diseases are at risk of severe disease and death from COVID-19. To determine the safety and immunogenicity of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines, samples from 50 infection-naive allo-HSCT recipients (median, 92 months from transplantation, range, 7-340 months) and 39 healthy controls were analyzed for serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) against the receptor binding domain (RBD) within spike 1 (S1) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; anti-RBD-S1 IgG) and for SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell immunity, reflected by induction of T-cell-derived interferon-γ in whole blood stimulated ex vivo with 15-mer SI-spanning peptides with 11 amino acid overlapS1-spanning peptides. The rate of seroconversion was not significantly lower in allo-transplanted patients than in controls with 24% (12/50) and 6% (3/50) of patients remaining seronegative after the first and second vaccination, respectively. However, 58% of transplanted patients lacked T-cell responses against S1 peptides after 1 vaccination compared with 19% of controls (odds ratio [OR] 0.17; P = .009, Fisher's exact test) with a similar trend after the second vaccination where 28% of patients were devoid of detectable specific T-cell immunity, compared with 6% of controls (OR 0.18; P = .02, Fisher's exact test). Importantly, lack of T-cell reactivity to S1 peptides after vaccination heralded substandard levels (<100 BAU/mL) of anti-RBD-S1 IgG 5 to 6 months after the second vaccine dose (OR 8.2; P = .007, Fisher's exact test). We conclude that although allo-HSCT recipients achieve serum anti-RBD-S1 IgG against SARS-CoV-2 after 2 vaccinations, a deficiency of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell immunity may subsequently translate into insufficient humoral responses.
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2.
  • Andersson, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten : Resurs- och miljööversikt 2012
  • 2012
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Detta är den nionde utgåvan av den samlade översikten över fisk- och kräftdjursbeståndens status i våra vatten. Kunskap om fiskbestånden och miljön är en förutsättning för att utnyttjandet av fiskresurserna skall bli bärkraftigt. För svenska vattenområden beskrivs miljöutvecklingen i ett ekosystemsperspektiv, dels för att tydliggöra fiskens ekologiska roll och beskriva yttre miljöfaktorer som påverkar fiskbestånden, dels för att belysa fiskets effekter på miljön.Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten är utarbetad av Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), Institutionen för akvatiska resurser (SLU Aqua), på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten. Rapporten sammanfattar utveckling och beståndsstatus för de kommersiellt viktigaste fisk- och kräftdjursarterna i våra vatten. Bedömningar och förvaltningsråd är baserade på Internationella Havsforskningsrådets (ICES) rådgivning, SLU Aquas nationella och regionala provfiskedata, samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.
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3.
  • Einarsdottir, Sigrun, et al. (författare)
  • Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) after autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 39:7, s. 1035-1038
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Our aim was to assess response and side effects of 4 doses of TBE vaccine to patients (pts) after allo- and autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT). PATIENTS: Included were 104 pts with leukaemia, myeloma and lymphoma, median age 61 yrs. METHODS: Vaccine (FSME-Immun (R)) was given at 9, 10, 12, and 21 months post-transplant. Serum samples were obtained before and after vaccinations. Healthy controls (n = 27) received 3 vaccinations. Assessments of TBE specific IgG antibodies were performed by Enzygnost anti-TBE ELISA test (Siemens, Sweden). Results: Antibody levels (>12 U/mL; "seropositivity") were seen in 77% and 80% of pts after allo- and autoSCT; IgG levels; 89 vs 94 U/mL. Ongoing chronic GvHD and immunosuppression (n = 29) was associated with sero-negativity in the last sample (p = 0.007). All controls (n = 27) developed protective antibody levels. Conclusions: TBE vaccination was safe, and 4 doses starting 9 months post-SCT, induced seropositivity in a vast majority of pts. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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4.
  • Engström, Patrik, et al. (författare)
  • Expansion of the Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion does not require bacterial replication
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Medical Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1438-4221 .- 1618-0607. ; 305:3, s. 378-382
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Chlamydia trachomatis replication takes place inside of a host cell, exclusively within a vacuole known as the inclusion. During an infection, the inclusion expands to accommodate the increasing numbers of C. trachomatis. However, whether inclusion expansion requires bacterial replication and/or de novo protein synthesis has not been previously investigated in detail. Therefore, using a chemical biology approach, we herein investigated C. trachomatis inclusion expansion under varying conditions in vitro. Under normal cell culture conditions, inclusion expansion correlated with C trachomatis replication. When bacterial replication was inhibited using KSK120: an inhibitor that targets C. trachomatis glucose metabolism, inclusions expanded even in the absence of bacterial replication. In contrast, when bacterial protein synthesis was inhibited using chloramphenicol, expansion of inclusions was blocked. Together, these data suggest that de novo protein synthesis is necessary, whereas bacterial replication is dispensable for C trachomatis inclusion expansion. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.
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6.
  • Johansson, Malin E V, 1971, et al. (författare)
  • Composition and functional role of the mucus layers in the intestine.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1420-682X .- 1420-9071. ; 68, s. 3635-3641
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In discussions on intestinal protection, the protective capacity of mucus has not been very much considered. The progress in the last years in understanding the molecular nature of mucins, the main building blocks of mucus, has, however, changed this. The intestinal enterocytes have their apical surfaces covered by transmembrane mucins and the whole intestinal surface is further covered by mucus, built around the gel-forming mucin MUC2. The mucus of the small intestine has only one layer, whereas the large intestine has a two-layered mucus where the inner, attached layer has a protective function for the intestine, as it is impermeable to the luminal bacteria.
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7.
  • Segerman, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Clonal Variation in Drug and Radiation Response among Glioma-Initiating Cells Is Linked to Proneural-Mesenchymal Transition
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Cell Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-1247. ; 17:11, s. 2994-3009
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Intratumoral heterogeneity is a hallmark of glioblastoma multiforme and thought to negatively affect treatment efficacy. Here, we establish libraries of glioma-initiating cell (GIC) clones from patient samples and find extensive molecular and phenotypic variability among clones, including a range of responses to radiation and drugs. This widespread variability was observed as a continuumof multitherapy resistance phenotypes linked to a proneural-mesenchymal shift in the transcriptome. Multitherapy resistance was associated with a semi-stable cell state that was characterized by an altered DNA methylation pattern at promoter regions of mesenchymal master regulators and enhancers. The gradient of cell states within the GIC compartment constitutes a distinct form of heterogeneity. Our findings may open an avenue toward the development of new therapeutic rationales designed to reverse resistant cell states.
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8.
  • Ståhle, Alexander, et al. (författare)
  • Designguide för Smarta gator
  • 2022
  • Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Designguiden för smarta gator konkretiserar hur de fyra megatrenderna urbanisering, digitalisering, samhällsförändringar och miljöförändringar leder till nya krav och utformningsprinciper för framtidens gator. Guiden är tänkt att fungera som en inspiration och ett underlag för att förnya svensk gatupolicy på nationell, regional och kommunal nivå.Guiden innehåller utöver en inledning följande kapitel: en historisk tillbakablick (gatans utveckling), gatans användning, gatans delar, gatans design, designprocessen, guidens genomförande.
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10.
  • Al-Mudhaffar, Azhar, et al. (författare)
  • Ny ekvation för beräkning av uppställningsbehov i bussterminaler
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 106-107
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Behov för uppställningsplatser (UP) kan delas in i tre olika kategorier; reglering, paus och rast. Reglering avser buss som står parkerad med förare ombord för att vänta in nästa körtid. Tidsregleringen pågår normalt upp till 15 minuter. Paus och rast avser parkerad buss utan förare, i nära anslutning till paus-/rastlokal. En kortare paus är normalt ≥ 10 minuter och en planerad rast ≥30 minuter. Flera bussterminaler i Stockholmsregion har brist på påstigningshållplatser och uppställningsplatser, vilket är ett resultat av intresset för att minimera ytan eftersom bussterminaler vanligtvis upptar attraktiv mark nära stadskärnor. Metoder för beräkning av framtidsbehov är inte bristfria och behöver utvecklas för att säkerställa kapaciteten med optimal markanvändning. En befintlig metod som används av Trafikförvaltningen uppskattar att den erforderliga UP är lika med antalet busslinjer med turtäthet upp till 8 avgångar/tim. Linjer med högre turtäthet behöver mer än en plats. Denna metod är mer lämplig med linjer som har 6-8 avg./tim, men för lägre turtäthet resulterar den i behovsöverskattning. En ekvation i “Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual TCQSM, Report 165.” antar att UP (Nberths) för en linje beror på uppehållstiden (tlayover) och tidsavståndet mellan på följande bussar (theadway): Nberths = 1.2*(tlayover/theadway) Denna metod kräver data om tidsavstånd som är svårt att uppskatta vid framtids bussterminal i Stockholmsregion eftersom bussarna, efter uppehållstiden, inte alltid återvänder som samma linje. Därför finns det ett behov av att utveckla en användbar metod för att uppskatta antalet UP med tillgängliga data.Metoden har innefattat:LitteraturstudierFältobservationer av beläggning i uppställningsplatserWorkshops och intervjuer med trafikutövareFramtagande av ny linjär ekvation UP=a+(avg./tim)/bTillämpning och utvärderingJämförelse av resultat med andra metoderDiskussion och beslut om metoden i intern terminalgrupp.Den utvecklade metoden är inte applicerbar i alla regioner utan kalibrering eftersom den är anpassade till förhållande i Stockholmsregion. Arbetet med att utforma den mest optimala och effektiva bussterminalen kommer att fortsätta i takt med att metoderna blir bättre på att identifiera och fastställa de uppställningsplatser som behövs. Detta är ett arbete där teoretiska studier kommer att kombineras med erfarenhet och kunskapsöverföring. 
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11.
  • Almemark, Mats, et al. (författare)
  • Aktiva badhus
  • 2015
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Projektet syftar till att ta fram ett underlag som kan ligga till grund för de val man gör som anläggningsägare då en simhall med all kringutrustning skall utformas och byggas, i syfte att såväl byggnation som drift av badhusen ska genomföras på ett så miljö- och hälsomässigt samt ekonomiskt hållbart sätt som möjligt. De aspekter som behandlas är energianvändning, vattenrening, ventilation och innemiljö, driftsoptimering genom simulering av driften med en simuleringsmodell som har tagits fram inom ramen för projektet samt städmetoder. Den övervägande delen av befintliga badhus är utrustade med reningsanläggningar bestående av sandfilter med flockningssteg. I stort sett alla badhus använder klor för att desinficera badvattnet. I och med att problemen med bildning av desinfektionsbiprodukter uppmärksammats i en allt större utsträckning på senare tid så har kompletterande reningssteg tillförts. Membranfiltrering för rening av badvatten har länge varit en allt för energikrävande teknik och därför inte setts som ett gångbart alternativ till sandfilter. Det finns dock en potential för att använda membranteknik i större utsträckning framöver då tekniken utvecklats och idag inte är lika energikrävande som förr. Rent teoretiskt så är energibehovet för membranfiltrering i samma storleksordning som för sandfilter. De badhus som studerats i detta projekt har använt klor för att desinficera bassängvattnet. Inom ramen för projektet har energianvändningen i tre badhus kartlagts, och förslag till energieffektiviseringsåtgärder har tagits fram. Resultatet visar att det är möjligt effektivisera energianvändningen i badhus med i storleksordningen 70 procent jämfört med dagens nivåer, vilket avsevärt förbättrar såväl miljöprestanda som den ekonomiska bärkraften för anläggningarna.
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12.
  • Andersson, Malin, et al. (författare)
  • "Hur är det här tjänstevetenskap?"
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: 1666. 1999. 2000. 2020. : Campus Helsingborg 20 år. - Campus Helsingborg 20 år.. - 9789151970912 ; , s. 196-201
  • Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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14.
  • Berg, Staffan, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation in pig of an intestinal administration device for oral peptide delivery
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Controlled Release. - : Elsevier. - 0168-3659 .- 1873-4995. ; 353, s. 792-801
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The bioavailability of peptides co-delivered with permeation enhancers following oral administration remains low and highly variable. Two factors that may contribute to this are the dilution of the permeation enhancer in the intestinal fluid, as well as spreading of the released permeation enhancer and peptide in the lumen by intestinal motility. In this work we evaluated an Intestinal Administration Device (IAD) designed to reduce the luminal dilution of drug and permeation enhancer, and to minimize movement of the dosage form in the intestinal lumen. To achieve this, the IAD utilizes an expanding design that holds immediate release mini tablets and places these in contact with the intestinal epithelium, where unidirectional drug release can occur. The expanding conformation limits movement of the IAD in the intestinal tract, thereby enabling drug release at a single focal point in the intestine. A pig model was selected to study the ability of the IAD to promote intestinal absorption of the peptide MEDI7219 formulated together with the permeation enhancer sodium caprate. We compared the IAD to intestinally administered enteric coated capsules and an intestinally administered solution. The IAD restricted movement of the immediate release tablets in the small intestine and histological evaluation of the mucosa indicated that high concentrations of sodium caprate were achieved. Despite significant effect of the permeation enhancer on the integrity of the intestinal epithelium, the bioavailability of MEDI7219 was of the same order of magnitude as that achieved with the solution and enteric coated capsule formulations (2.5–3.8%). The variability in plasma concentrations of MEDI7219 were however lower when delivered using the IAD as compared to the solution and enteric coated capsule formulations. This suggests that dosage forms that can limit intestinal dilution and control the position of drug release can be a way to reduce the absorptive variability of peptides delivered with permeation enhancers but do not offer significant benefits in terms of increasing bioavailability.
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15.
  • Bergström, Annika, 1964, et al. (författare)
  • Deltagande och delaktighet i digitala miljöer
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Medie-Sverige 2014. Statistik och analys. - Göteborg : Nordicom-Sverige, Göteborgs universitet. ; , s. 93-101
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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16.
  • Bergström, Gunnar, et al. (författare)
  • Does sickness presenteeism have an impact on future general health?
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - Berlin : Springer. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 82:10, s. 1179-1190
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: The primary aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether working despite illness, so called "sickness presenteeism", has an impact on the future general health of two different working populations during a follow-up period of 3 years.METHODS: The study was based on two bodies of data collected at a number of Swedish workplaces from 1999 to 2003. The first material comprised 6,901 employees from the public sector and the second 2,862 subjects from the private sector. A comprehensive survey was issued three times: at baseline, after 18 months and after 3 years. Apart from the explanatory variable sickness presenteeism, several potential confounders were considered. The outcome variable was good/excellent versus fair/poor self-reported health.RESULTS: Sickness presenteeism at baseline was consistently found to heighten the risk of fair/poor health at both the 18-month and 3-year follow ups even after adjusting for the detected confounders.CONCLUSIONS: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to show that sickness presenteeism appears to be an independent risk factor for future fair/poor general health.
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17.
  • Bergström, G, et al. (författare)
  • Sickness Presenteeism Today, Sickness Absenteeism Tomorrow? : A Prospective Study on Sickness Presenteeism and Future Sickness Absenteeism.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 51:6, s. 629-638
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To prospectively investigate whether sickness presenteeism (SP), ie, going to work despite illness, has an impact on future sickness absenteeism. Methods: Two study populations were used, one female dominated from the public sector that included 3757 employees, and one male dominated from the private sector comprising 2485 employees. Results: SP on more than five occasions during the baseline year (2000) was a statistically significant risk factor for future sick leave (2002 and 2003) of more than 30 days among both populations even after adjusting for previous sick leave, health status, demographics, lifestyle, and work-related variables (2002, public sector, relative risk = 1.40; private sector, relative risk = 1.51). Conclusions: SP may be an important phenomenon to consider when evaluating measures aimed at decreasing sickness absenteeism because more SP may lead to future sickness absence.
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18.
  • Bergström, Joakim H., 1977, et al. (författare)
  • AGR2, an endoplasmic reticulum protein, is secreted into the gastrointestinal mucus.
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The MUC2 mucin is the major constituent of the two mucus layers in colon. Mice lacking the disulfide isomerase-like protein Agr2 have been shown to be more susceptible to colon inflammation. The Agr2(-/-) mice have less filled goblet cells and were now shown to have a poorly developed inner colon mucus layer. We could not show AGR2 covalently bound to recombinant MUC2 N- and C-termini as have previously been suggested. We found relatively high concentrations of Agr2 in secreted mucus throughout the murine gastrointestinal tract, suggesting that Agr2 may play extracellular roles. In tissue culture (CHO-K1) cells, AGR2 is normally not secreted. Replacement of the single Cys in AGR2 with Ser (C81S) allowed secretion, suggesting that modification of this Cys might provide a mechanism for circumventing the KTEL endoplasmic reticulum retention signal. In conclusion, these results suggest that AGR2 has both intracellular and extracellular effects in the intestine.
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19.
  • Bergström, Marcus, et al. (författare)
  • Autologous regulatory T cells in clinical intraportal allogenic pancreatic islet transplantation
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Transplant International. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0934-0874 .- 1432-2277. ; 34:12, s. 2816-2823
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Allogeneic islet transplantation in type 1 diabetes requires lifelong immunosuppression to prevent graft rejection. This medication can cause adverse effects and increases the susceptibility for infections and malignancies. Adoptive therapies with regulatory T cells (Tregs) have shown promise in reducing the need for immunosuppression in human transplantation settings but have previously not been evaluated in islet transplantation. In this study, five patients with type 1 diabetes undergoing intraportal allogeneic islet transplantation were co-infused with polyclonal autologous Tregs under a standard immunosuppressive regimen. Patients underwent leaukapheresis from which Tregs were purified by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and cryopreserved until transplantation. Dose ranges of 0.14–1.27 × 106 T cells per kilo bodyweight were transplanted. No negative effects were seen related to the Treg infusion, regardless of cell dose. Only minor complications related to the immunosuppressive drugs were reported. This first-in-man study of autologous Treg infusion in allogenic pancreatic islet transplantation shows that the treatment is safe and feasible. Based on these results, future efficacy studies will be developed under the label of advanced therapeutic medical products (ATMP), using modified or expanded Tregs with the aim of minimizing the need for chronic immunosuppressive medication in islet transplantation.
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20.
  • Bergström, Malin, et al. (författare)
  • Children with two homes: Psychological problems in relation to living arrangements in Nordic 2-to 9-year-olds
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Scand J Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 47:2, s. 137-145
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim: Joint physical custody, children spending equal time in each parents' respective home after a parental divorce, is particularly common in Nordic compared with other Western countries. Older children have been shown to fare well in this practice but for young children there are few existing studies. The aim of this paper is to study psychological problems in 2- to 9-year-old Nordic children in different family forms. Methods: Total symptom score according to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as well as scores showing externalizing problems were compared among 152 children in joint physical custody, 303 in single care and 3207 in nuclear families through multiple linear regression analyses. Results: Children in single care had more psychological symptoms than those in joint physical custody (B = 1.08; 95% CI 0.48 to 1.67) and those in nuclear families had the least reported symptoms (B = -0.53; 95% CI -0.89 to -0.17). Externalizing problems were also lower in nuclear families (B = -0.28, 95% CI -0.52 to -0.04) compared with joint physical custody after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions: Young children with non-cohabiting parents suffered from more psychological problems than those in intact families. Children in joint physical custody had a lower total problem score than those in single care after adjusting for covariates. Longitudinal studies with information on family factors before the separation are needed to inform policy of young children's post-separation living arrangements.
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21.
  • Bergström, Marcus, et al. (författare)
  • Comparing the Effects of the mTOR Inhibitors Azithromycin and Rapamycin on In Vitro Expanded Regulatory T Cells
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Cell Transplantation. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 28:12, s. 1603-1613
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Adoptive transfer of autologous polyclonal regulatory T cells (Tregs) is a promising option for reducing graft rejection in allogeneic transplantation. To gain therapeutic levels of Tregs there is a need to expand obtained cells ex vivo, usually in the presence of the mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin due to its ability to suppress proliferation of non-Treg T cells, thus promoting a purer Treg yield. Azithromycin is a bacteriostatic macrolide with mTOR inhibitory activity that has been shown to exert immunomodulatory effects on several types of immune cells. In this study we investigated the effects of Azithromycin, compared with Rapamycin, on Treg phenotype, growth, and function when expanding bulk, naive, and memory Tregs. Furthermore, the intracellular concentration of Rapamycin in CD4+ T cells as well as in the culture medium was measured for up to 48 h after supplemented. Treg phenotype was assessed by flow cytometry and Treg function was measured as inhibition of responder T-cell expansion in a suppression assay. The concentration of Rapamycin was quantified with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Azithromycin and Rapamycin both promoted a FoxP3-positive Treg phenotype in bulk Tregs, while Rapamycin also increased FoxP3 and FoxP3+Helios positivity in naive and memory Tregs. Furthermore, Rapamycin inhibited the expansion of naive Tregs, but also increased their suppressive effect. Rapamycin was quickly degraded in 37 degrees C medium, yet was retained intracellularly. While both compounds may benefit expansion of FoxP3+ Tregs in vitro, further studies elucidating the effects of Azithromycin treatment on Tregs are needed to determine its potential use.
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22.
  • Bergström, Malin, et al. (författare)
  • Fear of childbirth in expectant fathers, subsequent childbirth experience and impact of antenatal education : subanalysis of results from a randomized controlled trial.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 92:8, s. 967-73
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To explore if antenatal fear of childbirth in men affects their experience of the birth event and if this experience is associated with type of childbirth preparation.DESIGN: Data from a randomized controlled multicenter trial on antenatal education.SETTING: 15 antenatal clinics in Sweden between January 2006 and May 2007.SAMPLE: 762 men, of whom 83 (10.9%) suffered from fear of childbirth. Of these 83 men, 39 were randomized to psychoprophylaxis childbirth preparation where men were trained to coach their partners during labor and 44 to standard care antenatal preparation for childbirth and parenthood without such training.METHODS: Experience of childbirth was compared between men with and without fear of childbirth regardless of randomization, and between fearful men in the randomized groups. Analyses by logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic variables.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported data on experience of childbirth including an adapted version of the Wijma Delivery Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ B).RESULTS: Men with antenatal fear of childbirth more often experienced childbirth as frightening than men without fear: adjusted odds ratio 4.68, 95% confidence interval 2.67-8.20. Men with antenatal fear in the psychoprophylaxis group rated childbirth as frightening less often than those in standard care: adjusted odds ratio 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.10-0.95.CONCLUSIONS: Men who suffer from antenatal fear of childbirth are at higher risk of experiencing childbirth as frightening. Childbirth preparation including training as a coach may help fearful men to a more positive childbirth experience. Additional studies are needed to support this conclusion.
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23.
  • Bergström, Malin, et al. (författare)
  • Fifty moves a year: is there an association between joint physical custody and psychosomatic problems in children?
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 69:8, s. 769-774
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background In many Western countries, an increasing number of children with separated parents have joint physical custody, that is, live equally much in their parents respective homes. In Sweden, joint physical custody is particularly common and concerns between 30% and 40% of the children with separated parents. It has been hypothesised that the frequent moves and lack of stability in parenting may be stressful for these children. Methods We used data from a national classroom survey of all sixth and ninth grade students in Sweden (N=147839) to investigate the association between childrens psychosomatic problems and living arrangements. Children in joint physical custody were compared with those living only or mostly with one parent and in nuclear families. We conducted sex-specific linear regression analyses for z-transformed sum scores of psychosomatic problems and adjusted for age, country of origin as well as childrens satisfaction with material resources and relationships to parents. Clustering by school was accounted for by using a two-level random intercept model. Results Children in joint physical custody suffered from less psychosomatic problems than those living mostly or only with one parent but reported more symptoms than those in nuclear families. Satisfaction with their material resources and parent-child relationships was associated with childrens psychosomatic health but could not explain the differences between children in the different living arrangements. Conclusions Children with non-cohabitant parents experience more psychosomatic problems than those in nuclear families. Those in joint physical custody do however report better psychosomatic health than children living mostly or only with one parent. Longitudinal studies with information on family factors before and after the separation are needed to inform policy of childrens postseparation living arrangements.
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24.
  • Bergström, Malin, et al. (författare)
  • Importance of living arrangements and coparenting quality for young children's mental health after parental divorce : a cross-sectional parental survey
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: BMJ Paediatrics Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2399-9772. ; 5:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Parental separation has been associated with adverse child mental health outcomes in the literature. For school-aged children, joint physical custody (JPC), that is, spending equal time in both parents’ homes after a divorce, has been associated with better health and well-being than single care arrangements. Preschool children’s well-being in JPC is less studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of living arrangements and coparenting quality with mental health in preschool children after parental separation.Methods This cross-sectional population-based study includes 12 845 three-year-old children in Sweden. Mental health was measured by parental reports of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and coparenting quality with a four-item scale. The living arrangements of the 642 children in non-intact families were categorised into JPC, living mostly with one parent and living only with one parent.Results Linear regression models, adjusted for sociodemographic confounders, showed an association between increased mental health problems and living mostly and only with one parent (B=1.18; 95% CI 0.37 to 2.00, and B=1.20; 95% CI 0.40 to 2.00, respectively), while children in intact families vs JPC did not differ significantly (B=−0.11; 95% CI −0.58 to 0.36). After adjusting the analyses for coparenting quality, differences in child mental health between the post divorce living arrangements were, however, minimal while children in intact families had more mental health problems compared with JPC (B=0.70; 95% CI 0.24 to 1.15). Factorial analysis of covariance revealed that low coparenting quality was more strongly related to mental health problems for children in intact families and JPC compared with children living mostly or only with one parent.Conclusions This study suggests that coparenting quality is a key determinant of mental health in preschool children and thus should be targeted in preventive interventions.
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25.
  • Bergström, Malin, et al. (författare)
  • Living in two homes-a Swedish national survey of wellbeing in 12 and 15 year olds with joint physical custody
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background The practice of joint physical custody, where children spend equal time in each parent's home after they separate, is increasing in many countries. It is particularly common in Sweden, where this custody arrangement applies to 30 per cent of children with separated parents. The aim of this study was to examine children's health-related quality of life after parental separation, by comparing children living with both parents in nuclear families to those living in joint physical custody and other forms of domestic arrangements.Methods Data from a national Swedish classroom study of 164,580 children aged 12 and 15-years-old were analysed by two-level linear regression modelling. Z-scores were used to equalise scales for ten dimensions of wellbeing from the KIDSCREEN-52 and the KIDSCREEN-10 Index and analysed for children in joint physical custody in comparison with children living in nuclear families and mostly or only with one parent.Results Living in a nuclear family was positively associated with almost all aspects of wellbeing in comparison to children with separated parents. Children in joint physical custody experienced more positive outcomes, in terms of subjective wellbeing, family life and peer relations, than children living mostly or only with one parent. For the 12-year-olds, beta coefficients for moods and emotions ranged from -0.20 to -0.33 and peer relations from -0.11 to -0.20 for children in joint physical custody and living mostly or only with one parent. The corresponding estimates for the 15-year-olds varied from -0.08 to -0.28 and from -0.03 to -0.13 on these subscales. The 15-year-olds in joint physical custody were more likely than the 12-year-olds to report similar wellbeing levels on most outcomes to the children in nuclear families.Conclusions Children who spent equal time living with both parents after a separation reported better wellbeing than children in predominantly single parent care. This was particularly true for the 15-year-olds, while the reported wellbeing of 12-years-olds was less satisfactory. There is a need for further studies that can account for the pre and post separation context of individual families and the wellbeing of younger age groups in joint physical custody.
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26.
  • Bergström, Malin, et al. (författare)
  • Mental health in Swedish children living in joint physical custody and their parents' life satisfaction : A cross-sectional study
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 55:5, s. 433-439
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study compared the psychological symptoms of 129 children in joint physical custody with children in single care and nuclear families, using a nationally representative 2011 survey of 1,297 Swedish children aged between four and 18 years. The outcome measure was the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and its association with three dimensions of parental life satisfaction was investigated. Linear regression analyses showed higher SDQ-scores for children in joint physical custody (B=1.4, p<0.001) and single care (B=2.2, p<0.001) than in nuclear families, after adjustment for socio-demographic variables. The estimates decreased to 1.1 and 1.3, respectively, after being adjusted for parental life satisfaction (p<0.01). Our findings confirm previous research that showed lower symptom scores for children in nuclear families than children in single care and joint physical custody. Parental life satisfaction should be investigated further as a possible explanation of differences in symptom load between children in different living arrangements.
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27.
  • Bergström, Malin, et al. (författare)
  • Narrative review of interventions suitable for well-baby clinics to promote infant attachment security and parents' sensitivity
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 109:9, s. 1745-1757
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim The aim of this narrative review was to evaluate the evidence for interventions for children's secure attachment relationships and parents' caregiving sensitivity that could potentially be implemented in the context of a well-baby clinic. Methods Literature search on programmes for parental caregiving sensitivity and secure attachment for infants aged 0-24 months. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published 1995-2018 with interventions starting from one week postpartum, and with a maximum of 12 sessions (plus potential booster session) were included. Results We identified 25 studies, of which 22 studied effects of home-based programmes using video feedback techniques. Positive effects of these interventions in families at risk were found on parental caregiving sensitivity and to a lesser extent also on children's secure or disorganised attachment. The effects of two of these programmes were supported by several RCTs. Three intervention studies based on group and individual psychotherapy showed no significant positive effects. Most of the interventions targeted mothers only. Conclusions The review found some evidence for positive effects of selective interventions with video feedback techniques for children's secure attachment and strong evidence for positive effects on parental caregiving sensitivity. Important knowledge gaps were identified for universal interventions and interventions for fathers and parents with a non-Western background.
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28.
  • Bergström, Malin, et al. (författare)
  • Preschool children living in joint physical custody arrangements show less psychological symptoms than those living mostly or only with one parent
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 107:2, s. 294-300
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIM: Joint physical custody (JPC), where children spend about equal time in both parent's homes after parental separation, is increasing. The suitability of this practice for preschool children, with a need for predictability and continuity, has been questioned.METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we used data on 3656 Swedish children aged three to five years living in intact families, JPC, mostly with one parent or single care. Linear regression analyses were conducted with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, completed by parents and preschool teachers, as the outcome measure.RESULTS: Children in JPC showed less psychological problems than those living mostly (adjusted B 1.81; 95% CI [0.66 to 2.95]) or only with one parent (adjusted B 1.94; 95% CI [0.75 to 3.13]), in parental reports. In preschool teacher reports, the adjusted Betas were 1.27, 95% CI [0.14 to 2.40] and 1.41, 95% CI [0.24 to 2.58], respectively. In parental reports, children in JPC and those in intact families had similar outcomes, while teachers reported lower unadjusted symptom scores for children in intact families.CONCLUSION: Joint physical custody arrangements were not associated with more psychological symptoms in children aged 3-5, but longitudinal studies are needed to account for potential preseparation differences.
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29.
  • Bergström, Malin (författare)
  • Psychoprophylaxis : antenatal preparation and actual use during labour
  • 2010
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The aim of this thesis was to study the effects of a model of antenatal education, focusing on natural childbirth preparation by including psychoprophylaxis, breathing and relaxation techniques to cope with labour pain, and the actual use of psychoprophylaxis during labour. Satisfaction with antenatal education and experiences of a subgroup of men with antenatal fear of childbirth were also explored. The principal design was a randomised controlled trial where the new model, 'natural birth', was compared with standard antenatal education, 'standard care', as practised in Sweden at the commencement of the trial. The trial was conducted at 15 antenatal clinics spread over Sweden between January 2006 and May 2007. About 1300 women and their partners were eligible for the study and the 1087 women and 1064 men who were recruited were randomised into 106 natural birth and 101 standard care groups. Both models for antenatal education had the same structure: 12 persons per group, four 2-hour sessions during third trimester of pregnancy and one follow-up after delivery. The natural birth model focused on childbirth preparation with practical training in psychoprophylaxis, whereas in standard care the time was divided between preparation for childbirth and for parenthood and no psychoprophylaxis was included. Data were collected by questionnaires in mid-pregnancy, before randomisation, and at three months after birth. A total of 986 (91%) women and 896 (84%) men completed the follow-up questionnaire. Data were also collected from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. No statistical differences were found between the two models of antenatal education among women and men regarding use of epidural analgesia, experience of childbirth or parental stress, three months after the birth. Seventy percent of the women in the natural birth group reported having used psychoprophylaxis during labour. A minority in the standard care group (37%) had also used this method, but subgroup analysis where these women were excluded did not change the principal findings. Use of psychoprophylaxis during labour was investigated by an observational design where the randomised groups were merged. Actual use of psychoprophylaxis during labour was associated with a lower risk of emergency caesarean section, but did not affect the experience of childbirth. Women who used psychoprophylaxis were older, more often Swedish-born and had higher socioeconomic status compared with women who did not use the method. More women and men randomised to the natural birth group than those in the standard care group were satisfied with the education. Overall, issues related to the approaching birth were rated as more important than postnatal issues by women and men when they were asked during pregnancy. After the birth only about one third of the participants were satisfied with the education content related to preparation for parenthood, but these numbers were higher in the standard care group. Childbirth was more often experienced as frightening by men with antenatal fear of childbirth than by men without such fear. Fearful men in the natural birth group rated the experience of childbirth as frightening less often compared with the standard care group. In conclusion, the findings of this thesis suggest that antenatal preparation with psychoprophylaxis has no more beneficial effects on labour-related outcomes or experience of childbirth than antenatal education without psychoprophylaxis. However, men suffering from antenatal fear of childbirth may benefit from this model. Actual use of psychoprophylaxis during labour may possibly reduce the risk of emergency caesarean section. The findings also suggest that antenatal education focusing on childbirth preparation increases parental satisfaction compared with content related to parenthood.
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30.
  • Bergström, Malin, et al. (författare)
  • Swedish child health nurses treat fathers more equally in 2014 than 2004, but mothers remain their primary focus
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 106:8, s. 1302-1308
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim: This study focused on Swedish child health nurses' attitudes and the support they provided to fathers and mothers, highlighting changes from 2004 to 2014. Method: In 2014, 363 child health nurses in Stockholm County completed a 23-item questionnaire, similar to the questionnaire by Massoudi et al. in 2004, on their attitudes and the support they gave to fathers and mothers. Analyses were completed using chi-square tests of nurses' attitudes and support to fathers and mothers, and the results from the 2004 and 2014 studies were compared. Results: In 2014, the vast majority of nurses fully agreed that it was important to have close contact with both parents, but more than two-thirds did not feel they had the same competencies for mothers and fathers and three quarters found it complicated to support both parents. The majority viewed fathers more equally in 2014 than in 2004 and although they did provide more support to both parents, mothers in 2014 still received more support than fathers. Conclusion: While Swedish child health nurses viewed fathers as more equal to mothers in 2014 than 2004, mothers still received the majority of the parenting support.
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31.
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32.
  • Bergström, Malin, et al. (författare)
  • "We also communicate through a book in the diaper bag" - Separated parents' ways to coparent and promote adaptation of their 1-4 year olds in equal joint physical custody
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Joint physical custody (JPC) refers to a practice where children with separated parents share their time between the parents' respective homes. Studies on parents' views of JPC for young children are scarce. The aim of this interview study was to explore parents' perceptions on how they experience and practice equally shared JPC for their 1-4 year-olds in Sweden. Forty-six parents (18 fathers and 28 mothers) of 50 children (31 boys and 19 girls) under 5 years of age were interviewed. Parents were recruited through information in the media and represented a broad range of socioeconomic backgrounds, as well as both voluntary and court-ordered custody arrangements. The interviews were semi-structured and analyzed using systematic text condensation. Two themes emerged regarding the research question. In the first theme, Always free, never free, parents described their striving to coparent without a love relationship. While they appreciated the freedom of being a half-time parent, doing things one's own way, they felt constrained by the long-term commitment to live close to and keep discussing child rearing issues with the ex-partner. Good communication was key and lessened parent's feelings of being cut-off from half of the child's life. When JPC was ordered by court or conflicts were intense, parents tried to have less contact and worried when the children were in the other home. The second theme, Is it right, is it good?, included descriptions of how the parents monitored the child's responses to the living arrangement and made changes to optimize their adjustment. Adaptations included visits for the child with the other parent mid-week, shared meals or adapting schedules. In conclusion, these parents worked hard to make JPC work and cause minimal damage to their children. Most parents were pleased with the arrangements with the notable exception of couples experiencing ongoing conflict.
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33.
  • Bergström, Petra, et al. (författare)
  • Association of NFE2L2 and KEAP1 haplotypes with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & frontotemporal degeneration. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2167-9223 .- 2167-8421. ; 15:1-2, s. 130-137
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative motor neuron syndrome influenced by oxidative stress. The transcription factor Nrf2 and its repressor Keap1 constitute an important defence system in cellular protection against oxidative stress. Here we hypothesize that common genetic variations in the genes NFE2L2 and KEAP1, encoding Nrf2 and Keap1, may influence the risk and phenotype of ALS. Five hundred and twenty-two Swedish patients with sporadic ALS (SALS) and 564 Swedish control subjects were studied. Eight tag SNPs in NFE2L2 and three tag SNPs in KEAP1 were genotyped by allelic discrimination and three functional NFE2L2 promoter SNPs were genotyped by sequencing. One NFE2L2 haplotype (GGGAC) was associated with decreased risk of SALS (OR = 0.62 per allele, p = 0.003) and one haplotype in KEAP1 (CGG) was associated with later SALS onset (+3.4 years per allele, p = 0.015). When stratified by subgroup, one haplotype in NFE2L2, GAGCAGA including three functional promoter SNPs associated with high Nrf2 protein expression, was associated with 4.0 years later disease onset per allele in subgroup ALS (p = 0.008). In conclusion, these results suggest that variations in NFE2L2 and KEAP1, encoding two central proteins in cellular oxidative stress defence, may influence SALS pathogenesis.
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34.
  • Bergström, Sofia, et al. (författare)
  • Multi-cohort profiling reveals elevated CSF levels of brain-enriched proteins in Alzheimer's disease
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. - : Wiley. - 2328-9503. ; 8:7, s. 1456-1470
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: Decreased amyloid beta (A beta) 42 together with increased tau and phospho-tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is indicative of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular pathophysiology underlying the slowly progressive cognitive decline observed in AD is not fully understood and it is not known what other CSF biomarkers may be altered in early disease stages. Methods: We utilized an antibody-based suspension bead array to analyze levels of 216 proteins in CSF from AD patients, patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and controls from two independent cohorts collected within the AETIONOMY consortium. Two additional cohorts from Sweden were used for biological verification. Results: Six proteins, amphiphysin (AMPH), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 21 (ARPP21), growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), neurofilament medium polypeptide (NEFM), and synuclein beta (SNCB) were found at increased levels in CSF from AD patients compared with controls. Next, we used CSF levels of A beta 42 and tau for the stratification of the MCI patients and observed increased levels of AMPH, AQP4, ARPP21, GAP43, and SNCB in the MCI subgroups with abnormal tau levels compared with controls. Further characterization revealed strong to moderate correlations between these five proteins and tau concentrations. Interpretation: In conclusion, we report six extensively replicated candidate biomarkers with the potential to reflect disease development. Continued evaluation of these proteins will determine to what extent they can aid in the discrimination of MCI patients with and without an underlying AD etiology, and if they have the potential to contribute to a better understanding of the AD continuum.
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35.
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36.
  • Birchenough, George M. H., et al. (författare)
  • New developments in goblet cell mucus secretion and function
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Mucosal Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1933-0219. ; 8:4, s. 712-719
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Goblet cells and their main secretory product, mucus, have long been poorly appreciated; however, recent discoveries have changed this and placed these cells at the center stage of our understanding of mucosal biology and the immunology of the intestinal tract. The mucus system differs substantially between the small and large intestine, although it is built around MUC2 mucin polymers in both cases. Furthermore, that goblet cells and the regulation of their secretion also differ between these two parts of the intestine is of fundamental importance for a better understanding of mucosal immunology. There are several types of goblet cell that can be delineated based on their location and function. The surface colonic goblet cells secrete continuously to maintain the inner mucus layer, whereas goblet cells of the colonic and small intestinal crypts secrete upon stimulation, for example, after endocytosis or in response to acetyl choline. However, despite much progress in recent years, our understanding of goblet cell function and regulation is still in its infancy.
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37.
  • Blom, Lisa, et al. (författare)
  • Little All Children in Focus (Little ACF), evaluation of a parental support program for parents of children aged 1–2 years : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Trials. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1745-6215. ; 24:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Child health and development can be promoted by strengthening and supporting parents. Research on parental support programs based on positive psychology and a health-promoting approach aimed at all parents, and in particular parents of infants is limited. All Children in Focus (ACF) is a parental support program that has been evaluated in a randomized trial in parents of children 3–12 years. The ACF is based on health promotion aiming to increase parents’ confidence and child’s well-being. In the current study, we will study the effects of a revised version of the ACF called Little ACF adapted to parents with children aged 1–2 years.Methods: The study includes a randomized controlled trial (RCT) taking place at several Child Health Centers (CHCs) in Sweden. The RCT will evaluate the efficacy of Little ACF (intervention) in comparison with four digital lectures about child development and parenting (active control). Parents are recruited at the 10-, 12-, or 18-month visits to CHC by CHC-nurses. Data to assess changes in parental competencies and child socio-emotional development are collected through online questionnaires completed by parents at five time points: baseline, post-intervention, after 6 and 12 months, and when the child is 3 years old.Discussion: The paper describes a study protocol of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of a parental support program during infancy. Several issues related to the methodology and implementation are discussed.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05445141. Registered on 6 July 2022.
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38.
  • Brolin Låftman, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • Joint physical custody, turning to parents for emotional support, and subjective health : a study of adolescents in Stockholm, Sweden
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 42:5, s. 456-462
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims: Among children with separated parents, the arrangement of joint physical custody, i.e. children living equally much in both parents’ homes, has increased substantially during the last decades in Sweden. To date, empirical research on the living conditions of this group is limited. This study analyses family type differences in turning to parents for emotional support and in subjective health among adolescents. The focus of the study is adolescents in joint physical custody, who are compared with those living with two original parents in the same household; those living (only) in a single-parent household; and those living (only) in a reconstituted family. Methods: The data come from the Stockholm School Survey of 2004, a total population survey of students in grade 9 (15–16 years) in Stockholm (n=8,840). Ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions were conducted. Results: Turning to both parents about problems is most commonly reported by adolescents in intact families, followed by those in joint physical custody. Adolescents in non-traditional family types report worse subjective health than adolescents in intact families, but the difference is smaller for those in joint physical custody than for those living with a single parent. The slightly poorer health of adolescents in joint physical custody than those in intact families is not explained by their lower use of parents as a source of emotional support. Conclusions: The study suggests that joint physical custody is associated with a higher inclination to use parents as a source of emotional support and better subjective health than other post-divorce family types.
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39.
  • Divé, Iris, et al. (författare)
  • Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection in pregnancy: Absence of virus transmission to the fetuses despite severe maternal disease - A case study.
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Ticks and tick-borne diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-9603 .- 1877-959X. ; 11:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an emerging infectious disease in large parts of Europe and Asia. Whereas other members of the Flaviviridae family can harm fetal development, there are only very few reports on TBE virus (TBEV) infections during pregnancy. Thus, the implications for fetal health remain largely unknown. In this study, we present detailed pre- and postnatal health assessment of three children in the context of severe maternal TBEV infection during pregnancy. Following acute TBEV infection of the mothers, intrauterine growth and development of all children were assessed by repetitive prenatal ultrasound. Postnatal examinations included clinical and virological analyses over a follow-up period of 18 months. Prenatally, no signs of intrauterine growth restrictions were observed. All neonates were delivered at term. Umbilical cord blood of the newborns tested negative for TBEV RNA. Virus-specific IgG antibodies were positive at birth but negative at 9 and 11 months of age. Importantly, IgM antibodies remained negative throughout the period of observation. Taken together, these clinical and virological data strongly suggest that fetal TBEV infection did not occur, despite severe manifestations in the mothers.
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40.
  • Edfors-Lilja, Inger, et al. (författare)
  • Genetic variation in Con A induced interleukin 2 production by porcine blood mononuclear cells
  • 1991
  • Ingår i: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-2427 .- 1873-2534. ; 27:4, s. 351-363
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Genetic variation in concanavalin A (Con A)-induced proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was studied in blood collected from 96 piglets, a aged 7 weeks. The piglets were the offspring of seven sires and 24 dams. Pronounced differences between litters from various dams were observed in the immune parameters measured. Also, large individual differences in the magnitudes of Con A-induced proliferation and IL-2 production were seen for PBMC collected from individual pigs within each litter. Both the time course and magnitude of IL-2 activity showed genetic variation, as results from the offspring of the seven sires differed significantly. However, only the time course, not the magnitude, of proliferation differed among the offspring groups. It was possible to establish a rank order for the sires based on the IL-2 production of PBMC by their offspring. As IL-2 has a key role in regulating the immune response, mitogen-induced IL-2 activity seems to be a good candidate as a general marker for cell-mediated immunity in pigs. 
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41.
  • Einarsdottir, Sigrun, et al. (författare)
  • Humoral immunity to tetanus, diphtheria and polio in adults after treatment for hematological malignancies
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 38:5, s. 1084-1088
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction After chemotherapy, children with acute lymphocytic leukemia lose immunity and need revaccination against tetanus and diphtheria. However, little is known about immunity in adult patients after treatment for hematological malignancies. In this study, we assessed serology levels against polio, diphtheria and tetanus in adult patients after conventional treatment for leukemia and lymphoma. Patients One hundred and four patients, age 61 (19–86) years, were included at a median of 18 (4–77) months after chemotherapy for acute leukemia (n = 24) or lymphoma (n = 80). Pre-treatment sera were available in 73 cases for a pre-versus post treatment comparison. Healthy, age- and sex matched controls were available for 47 pts. Methods Tetanus antibodies were quantified using ELISA, and antibody levels ≥0.01 IU/mL were considered protective. Diphtheria antibodies were analyzed using neutralization test (n = 60) or by ELISA (n = 44). In both tests values ≥0.01 IU/mL were considered protective. Antibodies against poliovirus serotype 1 and 3 were assessed by a neutralizing test. A microneutralization titer of ≥2 was considered protective. Results Tetanus: There were significantly more non-immune patients after treatment (24%), compared to before (12%), p = 0.02. Post-treatment antibody levels were significantly lower than pre-treatment levels (p = 0.02). Diphtheria: There was a trend, p = 0.06, towards more non-immune patients after treatment (21%) compared to before (27%). Antibody levels post treatment were lower than pre treatment levels (p = 0.03) and lower than controls (p = 0.01). Polio: There was no significant difference in the number of non-immune patients before vs after chemotherapy for either PV1 or PV3. Protective immunity against serotype 1 and 3 was preserved in 90 and 97%, respectively. Conclusions After standard chemotherapy for leukemia and lymphoma a significant proportion of patients had impaired humoral immunity to diphtheria and tetanus. However, polio immunity was well preserved.
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42.
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43.
  • Ekstrand, Matias, et al. (författare)
  • Depletion of ATP and glucose in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: PLoS One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Severe hypoxia develops close to the necrotic core of advanced human atherosclerotic plaques, but the energy metabolic consequences of this hypoxia are not known. In animal models, plaque hypoxia is also associated with depletion of glucose and ATP. ATP depletion may impair healing of plaques and promote necrotic core expansion. To investigate if ATP depletion is present in human plaques, we analyzed the distribution of energy metabolites (ATP, glucose, glycogen and lactate) in intermediate and advanced human plaques.Snap frozen carotid endarterectomies from 6 symptomatic patients were analyzed. Each endarterectomy included a large plaque ranging from the common carotid artery (CCA) to the internal carotid artery (ICA). ATP, glucose, and glycogen concentrations were lower in advanced (ICA) compared to intermediate plaques (CCA), whereas lactate concentrations were higher. The lowest concentrations of ATP, glucose and glycogen were detected in the perinecrotic zone of advanced plaques.Our study demonstrates severe ATP depletion and glucose deficiency in the perinecrotic zone of human advanced atherosclerotic plaques. ATP depletion may impair healing of plaques and promote disease progression.
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44.
  • Emeh, Prosper, et al. (författare)
  • Experiences and Translatability of In Vitro and In Vivo Models to Evaluate Caprate as a Permeation Enhancer
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Molecular Pharmaceutics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1543-8384 .- 1543-8392. ; 21:1, s. 313-324
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Transient permeation enhancers (PEs) have been widely used to improve the oral absorption of macromolecules. During pharmaceutical development, the correct selection of the macromolecule, PE, and the combination needs to be made to maximize oral bioavailability and ensure successful clinical development. Various in vitro and in vivo methods have been investigated to optimize this selection. In vitro methods are generally preferred by the pharmaceutical industry to reduce the use of animals according to the "replacement, reduction, and refinement" principle commonly termed "3Rs," and in vitro methods typically have a higher throughput. This paper compares two in vitro methods that are commonly used within the pharmaceutical industry, being Caco-2 and an Ussing chamber, to two in vivo models, being in situ intestinal instillation to rats and in vivo administration via an endoscope to pigs. All studies use solution formulation of sodium caprate, which has been widely used as a PE, and two macromolecules, being FITC-dextran 4000 Da and MEDI7219, a GLP-1 receptor agonist peptide. The paper shares our experiences of using these models and the challenges with the in vitro models in mimicking the processes occurring in vivo. The paper highlights the need to consider these differences when translating data generated using these in vitro models for evaluating macromolecules, PE, and combinations thereof for enabling oral delivery.
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45.
  • Fransson, Emma, et al. (författare)
  • Barn i växelvis boende – en forskningsöversikt
  • 2015
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Varje år separerar föräldrar till ungefär 50 000 barn i Sverige. Sedan 1980-talet bor en ökande andel av dessa barn växelvis efter separationen. Växelvis boende innebär att barnen flyttar regelbundet mellan sina föräldrars respektive hem och bor ungefär lika mycket hos båda. En högre andel barn bor i växelvis boende i Sverige än i något annat land, ca 35-40 procent av de barn som har särlevande föräldrar, totalt cirka 200 000 barn.Denna rapport har skrivits av forskare i Elvis-projektet på CHESS vid Stockholms Universitet/Karolinska institutet på uppdrag av Socialstyrelsen. Den ger en sammanfattning av den forskningsbaserade kunskapen om hälsa och välbefinnande hos barn i växelvis boende. När det gäller barn under sex år, där kunskapsläget är mest osäkert, ger rapporten en heltäckande bild av den internationella forskningen, inklusive en översikt av den psykologiska teoribildningen på området. För skolbarnen finns det ett ganska stort antal svenska studier och därför har vi här valt att lägga fokus på dessa och endast komplettera med särskilt relevant forskning från andra länder. Att det finns mer forskning kring skolbarn beror delvis på att växelvis boende är vanligare för de åldersgrupperna, men främst på att man lättare kan ta in deras egna åsikter och erfarenheter, medan forskning kring de yngre barnen är mer komplicerad metodologiskt sett, och därför mer resurskrävande.Anknytningsteorins betoning av kvaliteten i interaktionen mellan små barn och deras vårdgivare ger anledning att särskilt skärskåda konsekvenserna av växelvist boende för de yngsta barnen. Resultaten från studierna av barn 0-3 år ger inte en entydig bild av barns välbefinnande och anknytningsrelationer. Flera av de få studierna håller låg vetenskaplig kvalitet och studerar små grupper. En tillräcklig empirisk bas för de yngsta barnen i växelvis boende saknas därmed. Sammantaget visar studierna att föräldrars samarbetsförmåga, sätt att hantera konflikter och lyhördhet för barnets behov spelar större roll än boendeform.I rapporten presenteras tio svenska tvärsnittsstudier av skolbarn från 10 års ålder i stora nationellt eller regionalt representativa surveyundersökningar samt en studie med biologiska data. I en majoritet av studierna rapporteras barn i växelvis boende ha mindre psykisk ohälsa och bättre välbefinnande än jämnåriga som bor med bara en förälder. Detta mönster är likartat hos pojkar och flickor. Tvärsnittsdesignen i samtliga studier gör dock att man bör vara försiktig med alltför definitiva slutsatser, eftersom denna design inte gör det möjligt att fullt ut ta hänsyn till skillnader i bakomliggande faktorer som t ex föräldrars hälsa, sociala situation och kommunikation sinsemellan.Studier pekar på olika faktorer som kan tänkas förklara att barn i växelvis boende överlag verkar ha en större chans till god psykisk hälsa än barn som bor med enbart en förälder. Barn i växelvis boende har genomsnittligt bättre materiella resurser än barn som bor med bara en förälder. Även med god kontroll för socioekonomiska skillnader mellan olika slags familjer visar dock merparten av studierna att skolbarn och tonåringar i växelvis boende mår bättre än de som bor enbart med en förälder, varför det är rimligt att spekulera i andra fördelar med växelvis boende. En möjlig förklaring skulle kunna vara att barn i växelvis boende har tillgång till, och stöd från, båda sina föräldrar. Barn i växelvis boende har också oftare en god relation till båda sina föräldrar än de som bor med enbart eller mest med en förälder.En rad kunskapsluckor identifieras i rapporten. Studier av god metodologisk kvalitet som fokuserar på de yngsta barnen, framför allt 0-3 år, saknas i särskilt hög grad. Longitudinella studier som har förutsättningar att mäta förändringar i psykisk hälsa och välbefinnande före och efter att föräldrar separerar är också mycket angelägna, liksom studier med ett individperspektiv som kan ge vägledning för beslut om boendeform för särskilt sårbara barn när föräldrar separerar. Ökningen av andelen barn som bor växelvis är en av de största förändringarna i barns livsvillkor i Sverige under de senaste åren. Det är också en förändring som är en uppenbart påverkbar faktor i barns liv. Det är således angeläget att resurser görs tillgängliga för att fylla de kunskapsluckor som identifieras.Avslutningsvis kan konstateras att det saknas forskning som kan ge ett definitivt svar på vilka konsekvenser växelvis boende har för barns hälsa och välbefinnande efter att föräldrar separerat. Med denna begränsning är det ändå värt att notera är att inte finns någon studie som tyder på att barns hälsa skulle vara sämre i växelvis boende än i boende med enbart en förälder från 4 års ålder, men att avsaknaden av kunskap om barn 0-3 år gör att några slutsatser inte alls bör dras om denna åldersgrupp.
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46.
  • Fransson, Emma, 1973-, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring salivary cortisol and recurrent pain in mid-adolescents living in two homes
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: BMC Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2050-7283. ; 21:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Each year, around 50.000 children in Sweden experience a separation between their parents. Joint physical custody (JPC), where the child alternates homes between the parents for about equal amount of time, has become a common living arrangement after parental separation. Children in two homes could benefit from everyday contact with both parents and access to both parents' financial resources. However, children could experience stress from being constantly moving and potentially exposed to parental conflicts. Still, studies on JPC and biological functioning related to stress, are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate how living arrangements (intact family/JPC) relate to HPA-axis activity and recurrent pain in mid-adolescents.METHODS: Mid-adolescents (106 girls and 51 boys) provided demographic details, self-reports of recurrent pain (headache, stomachache, neck/shoulder and back pain) and salivary samples. Salivary cortisol samples were collected: 1) immediately at awakening, 2) +30 minutes, 3) +60 minutes, and 4) at 8 p.m. The cortisol awakening response (CAR) was computed using an established formula. Additionally, the diurnal decline between the waking and 8 p.m. samples was computed.RESULTS: Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that living arrangements (intact family/JPC) was not associated with morning cortisol (CAR), the diurnal cortisol decline or with recurrent pain. However, sex was a significant predictor of both cortisol measures and recurrent pain with girls exhibiting a higher cortisol awakening response and a greater diurnal decline value as well as reporting more recurrent pain than did boys.CONCLUSIONS: Living arrangements were not associated with HPA-axis activity or recurrent pain in this group of well-functioning mid-adolescents. Although this study is the first to investigate how living arrangements relate to HPA-axis functioning and additional studies are needed, the tentative findings suggest that these mid-adolescents have adapted to their living arrangements and that other factors play a more pertinent role for HPA-functioning and subjective health.
  •  
47.
  • Fransson, Emma, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring salivary cortisol and recurrent pain in mid-adolescents living in two homes
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 21, s. S23-S23
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Every year, around 50.000 children in Sweden experience a separation between their parents. Joint physical custody (JPC), where the child alternates homes between the parents for about equal amount of time, has become a common living arrangement after parental separation. Children living in two homes can benefit from everyday contact with both parents and access to both parents’ financial resources. However, children can also experience stress from constantly moving and from exposure to any parental conflict. Yet, research on JPC and stress-related biological functioning is limited. The aimof this study was to investigate how living arrangements (intact family/JPC) relate toHPA-axis activity and recurrent pain in mid-adolescents. Methods: Mid-adolescents (106 girls and 51 boys) provided demographic details, self-reports of recurrent pain (headache, stomachache, neck/shoulder and back pain) and salivary samples. Salivary cortisol samples were collected: 1) immediately at awakening, 2) +30 minutes, 3) +60 minutes, and 4) at 8 p.m. Results: Hierarchical regressions showed that living arrangements did not predict morning cortisol levels, the diurnal cortisol rhythm nor recurrent pain. However, sex was significantly associated with both morning cortisol and recurrent pain. Conclusion: Living arrangements were not linked to HPA-axis activity or recurrent pain in this group of well-functioning mid-adolescents. Although this is the first study investigating how living arrangements relate to HPA-axis functioning, which means that additional research is needed, the findings suggest that these mid-adolescents have adapted to their living arrangements and that other factors seem more pertinent for HPA-functioning and subjective health complaints.
  •  
48.
  • Fransson, Emma, et al. (författare)
  • Psychological complaints among children in joint physical custody and other family types : Considering parental factors
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 44:2, s. 177-183
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims: Increasing proportions of Scandinavian children and children in other Western countries live in joint physical custody, moving between parents’ homes when parents live apart. Children and parents in non-intact families are at risk of worse mental health. The potential influence of parental ill-health on child well-being in the context of differing living arrangements has not been studied thoroughly. This study investigates the psychological complaints of children in joint physical custody in comparison to children in sole parental care and nuclear families, while controlling for socioeconomic differences and parental ill-health. Methods: Data were obtained from Statistics Sweden’s yearly Survey of Living Conditions 2007–2011 and child supplements with children 10–18 years, living in households of adult participants. Children in joint physical custody (n=391) were compared with children in sole parental care (n=654) and children in nuclear families (n=3,639), using a scale of psychological complaints as the outcome measure. Results: Multiple regression modelling showed that children in joint physical custody did not report higher levels of psychological complaints than those in nuclear families, while children in sole parental care reported elevated levels of complaints compared with those in joint physical custody. Adding socioeconomic variables and parental ill-health only marginally attenuated the coefficients for the living arrangement groups. Low parental education and parental worry/anxiety were however associated with higher levels of psychological complaints. Conclusions: Psychological complaints were lower among adolescents in joint physical custody than in adolescents in sole parental care. The difference was not explained by parental ill-health or socioeconomic variables.
  •  
49.
  • Fransson, Emma, et al. (författare)
  • The Living Conditions of Children with Shared Residence – the Swedish Example
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Child Indicators Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1874-897X .- 1874-8988. ; 11:3, s. 861-883
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Among children with separated parents, shared residence–i.e., joint phys-ical custody where the child is sharing his or her time equally between two custodialparents’homes–is increasing in many Western countries and is particularly commonin Sweden. The overall level of living among children in Sweden is high; however, thepotential structural differences between children in various post-separation familyarrangements have not been sufficiently studied. Potential risks for children with sharedresidence relate to the daily hassles and stress when having two homes. This study aimsat investigating the living conditions of children with shared residence compared withchildren living with two custodial parents in the same household and those living withone custodial parent, respectively. Swedish national survey data collected from childrenaged 10–18 years (n≈5000) and their parents were used. The outcomes were groupedinto: Economic and material conditions, Social relations with parents and peers, Healthand health behaviors, Working conditions and safety in school and in the neighbor-hood, and Culture and leisure time activities. Results from a series of linear probabilitymodels showed that most outcomes were similar for children with shared residence andthose living with two custodial parents in the same household, while several outcomeswere worse for children living with one parent. However, few differences due to livingarrangements were found regarding school conditions. This study highlights the in-equalities in the living conditions of Swedish children, with those living with oneparent having fewer resources compared with other children.
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50.
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