| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Ahlgren, Serina, et al.
(författare)
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Review of methodological choices in LCA of biorefinery systems - key issues and recommendations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. - : Wiley. - 1932-1031 .- 1932-104X. ; 9:5, s. 606-619
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current trend in biomass conversion technologies is toward more efficient utilization of biomass feedstock in multiproduct biorefineries. Many life-cycle assessment (LCA) studies of biorefinery systems have been performed but differ in how they use the LCA methodology. Based on a review of existing LCA standards and guidelines, this paper provides recommendations on how to handle key methodological issues when performing LCA studies of biorefinery systems. Six key issues were identified: (i) goal definition, (ii) functional unit, (iii) allocation of biorefinery outputs, (iv) allocation of biomass feedstock, (v) land use, and (vi) biogenic carbon and timing of emissions. Many of the standards and guidelines reviewed here provide only general methodological recommendations. Some make more specific methodological recommendations, but these often differ between standards. In this paper we present some clarifications (e.g. examples of research questions and suitable functional units) and methodological recommendations (e.g. on allocation).
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| 3. |
- Abelsson, Anna, 1971-
(författare)
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Simulering som lärande inom prehospital akutsjukvård
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den prehospitala akutsjukvården är ett komplext kunskapsfält som innebär att vårdaren skall kunna bemöta patient och närstående, bedöma skada, sjukdom och den aktuella situationen samt avgöra vilka vårdåtgärder som skall prioriteras.Patientens lidande kan lindras genom att vårdaren tränar färdigheter i ett prehospitalt kontext. Detta främjar en god och säker vård samt stärker patientens möjligheter till överlevnad.Resultatet visar på behovet av simulering inom prehospital akutsjukvård. Med simulering lär sig vårdaren att hantera realistiska, dynamiska och komplexa vårdsituationer, vilket skapar kunskaper, färdigheter och erfarenheter av omhändertagande av patient drabbad av högenergitrauma. Simuleringens utformning och miljö skapar förutsättningar för lärandet vilket framkommer i interventionsstudien.Utifrån resultatet i föreliggande forskning utvecklas en modell för lärande med hjälp av simulering.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Amemiya, Chris T., et al.
(författare)
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The African coelacanth genome provides insights into tetrapod evolution
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 496:7445, s. 311-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery of a living coelacanth specimen in 1938 was remarkable, as this lineage of lobe-finned fish was thought to have become extinct 70 million years ago. The modern coelacanth looks remarkably similar to many of its ancient relatives, and its evolutionary proximity to our own fish ancestors provides a glimpse of the fish that first walked on land. Here we report the genome sequence of the African coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae. Through a phylogenomic analysis, we conclude that the lungfish, and not the coelacanth, is the closest living relative of tetrapods. Coelacanth protein-coding genes are significantly more slowly evolving than those of tetrapods, unlike other genomic features. Analyses of changes in genes and regulatory elements during the vertebrate adaptation to land highlight genes involved in immunity, nitrogen excretion and the development of fins, tail, ear, eye, brain and olfaction. Functional assays of enhancers involved in the fin-to-limb transition and in the emergence of extra-embryonic tissues show the importance of the coelacanth genome as a blueprint for understanding tetrapod evolution.
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| 7. |
- Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Säkerhetsförare på autonoma bussar : Uppmärksamhet och trötthet : en explorativ studie
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Försöksverksamhet och studier med små autonoma bussar i tätort blir allt vanligare och i samband med ansökan om tillstånd att bedriva sådan verksamhet krävs en säkerhetsförare ombord som kan ta över kontrollen då fordonet inte klarar sin uppgift. Det innebär i praktiken att säkerhetsföraren är ytterst ansvarig för att resan bedrivs med hög säkerhet för resande och för omgivande trafikanter. Målet med denna studie har varit att studera säkerhetsförarens arbetsmiljö och i synnerhet möjligheter att i det automatiserade fordonet agera på ett för resenärer och omgivande trafikanter säkert sätt. Studien har genomförts i Linköping i nära samarbete med mobilitetsarenan ”Ride the future”. Totalt deltog 8 förare. Datainsamlingen har varit fokuserad på säkerhetsförares vakenhet och uppmärksamhet. Studien var explorativ och förarna har inte manipulerats utan datainsamlingen har skett i samband med vanlig drift under vanliga arbetspass. Data samlades in under eftermiddagspassens första och sista timme. Resultaten från dessa har sedan jämförts. Förarnas vakenhet har mätts med självrapporterad sömnighet (KSS) och via blinkmått (blinkduration och långa blinkningar) samt hjärtfrekvensbaserade mått (hjärtfrekvensvariabilitet). Vidare har förares ögonrörelser identifierats för att beskriva hur de söker av omgivningen under körning.
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| 8. |
- Baek, Jeanha, et al.
(författare)
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Engineered mesoporous silica reduces long-term blood glucose and HbA1c, and improves metabolic parameters in prediabetics
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nanomedicine. - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1743-5889 .- 1748-6963. ; 17:1, s. 9-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate the effect of oral consumption of engineered mesoporous silica particles, SiPore15®, on long-term blood glucose levels and other metabolic parameters in individuals with prediabetes and newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes. Method: An open-label, single-arm, multicenter trial was conducted in which SiPore15 was consumed three times daily for 12 weeks. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, primary end point) and an array of metabolic parameters were measured at baseline and throughout the trial. Result: SiPore15 treatment significantly reduced HbA1c by a clinically meaningful degree and improved several disease-associated parameters with minimal side effects. Conclusion: The results from this study demonstrate the potential use of SiPore15 as a treatment for prediabetes that may also delay or prevent the onset of Type 2 diabetes.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Barimani, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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Facilitating and inhibiting factors in transition to parenthood : ways in which health professionals can support parents
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 31, s. 537-546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The transition to parenthood is an overwhelming life event. From a theoretical perspective, tran- sition to parenthood is a developmental transition that contains certain phases and patterns.Aim: This study aim was twofold (i) discover, describe and comprehend transitional conditions that parents per- ceive as facilitating and inhibiting during transition to parenthood and to (ii) use that knowledge to develop recommendations for professional interventions that sup- port and facilitate transition to parenthood.Design: Meleis transition theory framed the study’s deduc- tive qualitative approach – from planning to analysis. Methods: In a secondary analysis, data were analysed (as per Meleis transition theory) from two studies that implemented interviews with 60 parents in Sweden between 2013 and 2014. Interview questions dealt with parents’ experiences of the transition to parenthood – in relation to experiences with parent-education groups, professional support and continuity after childbirth. Ethical issues: A university research ethics board has approved the research.Results: These factors facilitated transition to parenthood: perceiving parenthood as a normal part of life; enjoying the child’s growth; being prepared and having knowledge; experiencing social support; receiving professional support, receiving information about resources within the health care; participating in well-functioning parent-education groups; and hearing professionals comment on gender dif- ferences as being complementary. These factors inhibited transition to parenthood: having unrealistic expectations; feeling stress and loss of control; experiencing breastfeed- ing demands and lack of sleep; facing a judgmental attitude about breastfeeding; being unprepared for reality; lacking information about reality; lacking professional support and information; lacking healthcare resources; participating in parent-education groups that did not function optimally; and hearing professionals accentuate gender differences in a problematic way.Conclusion: Transition theory is appropriate for helping professionals understand and identify practices that might support parents during transition to parenthood. The study led to certain recommendations that are important for professionals to consider.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Berlin, Anna
(författare)
-
Barberry plays an active role as an alternate host of Puccinia graminis in Spain
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Plant Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0032-0862 .- 1365-3059. ; 71, s. 1174-1184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis, is a destructive group of diseases. The pathogen uses Berberis species as alternate hosts to complete its life cycle. B. vulgaris and the endemic species B. hispanica and B. garciae are present in Spain. The objective of this study was to investigate the functionality of the indigenous barberry as alternate hosts. Field surveys were conducted in 2018 and 2019 in Huesca, Teruel and Albacete provinces of Spain. Aecial samples on barberry were analysed via infection assays and DNA analysis. B. garciae was predominant in Huesca and Teruel provinces, often found in the field margins of cereal crops. Aecial infections on B. garciae were observed in May and uredinial infections on cereal crops in June. Scattered B. hispanica bushes were occasionally found near cereal crops in Albacete, where aecial infections on B. hispanica were observed in June when most cereal crops were mature. Infection assays using aeciospores resulted in stem rust infections on susceptible genotypes of wheat, barley, rye and oat, indicating the presence of the sexual cycle for P. graminis f. sp. tritici, f. sp. secalis and f. sp. avenae. Sequence analyses from aecial samples supported this finding as well as the presence of Puccinia brachypodii. This study provides the first evidence that indigenous Berberis species play an active role in the sexual cycle of P. graminis under natural conditions in Spain.
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| 14. |
- Berlin, Anna
(författare)
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Development, characterization and application of genomic SSR markers for the oat stem rust pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp avenae
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Plant Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0032-0862 .- 1365-3059. ; 67, s. 457-466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae (Pga), is one of the most severe diseases of oats worldwide. Population studies are scarce for this pathogen, mainly due to the lack of polymorphic molecular markers suitable for genetic analysis. In this study, an Australian Pga isolate was sequenced, the abundance of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) was determined and PCR-based polymorphic markers suitable for genetic diversity analysis were developed. The amplification of 194 primer pairs was initially assessed using a set of 12 isolates of different cereal rust species and their formae speciales. A high frequency of cross-species amplification was observed for most markers; however, 36 SSRs were diagnostic for P.graminis only. A subset of 19 genome-derived SSRs were deemed useful for genetic diversity analysis of Pga and were assessed on 66 Pga isolates from Australia, Brazil and Sweden. Brazilian and Australian isolates were characterized by one and two predominant clonal lineages, respectively. In contrast, the Swedish isolates, previously shown to undergo sexual recombination, were highly diverse (nine distinct genotypes out of 10 isolates) and divided into two subpopulations. The genome-derived SSR markers developed in this study were well suited to the population studies undertaken, and have diagnostic capabilities that should aid in the identification of unknown rust pathogen species.
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| 15. |
- Berlin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Disease development and genotypic diversity of Puccinia graminis f. sp avenae in Swedish oat fields
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Plant Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0032-0862 .- 1365-3059. ; 62, s. 32-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The disease development and population structure of Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae, which causes stem rust on oats, were studied to investigate if sexual reproduction plays an important role in the epidemiology of the disease. The genetic population structure of P. graminis f. sp. avenae in Sweden was investigated by sampling 10 oat fields in July and August 2008 and seven fields during the same period in 2009. Nine single-pustule isolates were first used to test simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed for P. graminis f. sp. tritici. Eleven of the 68 tested SSR markers were useful for genotyping P. graminis f. sp. avenae. For the main study, DNA from single uredinia was extracted and the SSR markers were used to genotype 472 samples. Both allelic and genotypic diversity were high in all fields, indicating that P. graminis f. sp. avenae undergoes regular sexual reproduction in Sweden. No significant relationship between genetic and geographic distances was found. Disease development was studied on two farms during 2008 and 2009. The apparent infection rates ranged between 0.17 and 0.55, indicating the potential for rapid disease development within fields. The incidence of oat stem rust has increased recently in Sweden. One possible explanation is a resurgence of its alternate host, barberry (Berberis spp.), after the repeal of the barberry eradication law in 1994. Barberry is present in several grain-producing areas in Sweden, which supports the conclusion that P. graminis f. sp. avenae undergoes regular sexual reproduction there.
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| 16. |
- Berlin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Early detection of plant diseases based on molecular methods and spore traps
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Several fungal plant pathogens are dispersed by wind. The aim of this project was to determine the best sampling strategy for detection of air-borne plant pathogens, as well as to determine which species are present during different time periods. This was done by collection of air samples during the growing seasons of 2010 and 2011 (May – September), in the four main plant production areas of southern Sweden. The spore samples were collected using two types of spore traps, one active trap and one passive funnel trap. DNA was extracted from each sample and the fungal community was studied based on the ITS region, by applying the 454-sequencing technique. Information from the molecular analysis was compared to reports of disease development in the field crops in the surroundings of the respective spore traps. The results from this study could be used to develop a prediction system, which potentially could be an important tool in disease forecasting and fungicide management.
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| 17. |
- Berlin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Evolutionary history reveals two phylogenetically distinct species within Puccinia graminis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Phytopathologica Sinica. - 0412-0914. ; 43, s. 486-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The cereal pathogen Puccinia graminis is considered to have high genetic diversity within the species. We hereby hypothesize that the different formae speciales of P. graminis have co-evolved with their various grass hosts. Elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1α) and beta-tubulin (BT) genes, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) were sequenced from DNA isolated from Puccinia graminis collected from cereal and wild grasses to infer the phylogeny of the fungus. The related species Puccinia coronata, collected from both oats and wild grasses, were used as a reference throughout the analysis. Coalescence analysis showed that the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) for P. graminis and P. coronata were in all models further away in time than TMRCA for the two formae speciales. Within the species P. graminis, two main clades were formed; one including samples collected from Avena sativa, Avena fatua, Phleum pratense, and the other including samples collected from Triticum aestivum, Triticum monoccocum, Secale cereal and Hordeum vulgare, suggesting that P. graminis is to be divided into two different taxa. However, samples collected from the weed host Elytrigia repens, did not show any clear pattern, the samples equally grouped with either of the two groups. The phylogeny of P. graminis was thus congruent with its respective grass hosts, which confirm a co-evolution with the host.
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| 18. |
- Berlin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Fungi found in waste water from suction traps in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: NJF Report. - 1653-2015. ; 9, s. 28-28
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The goals of this project were to determine the best method for detection of plant pathogens collected from different types of spore traps, to determine which pathogen species are present during different time periods, and to relate this information to the observed disease development in the field. By collecting material from air using two types of traps, suction traps placed high above the ground and passive funnel traps placed at canopy level, the general fungal flora in the air was studied. The result shows that it is possible to identify various fungal plant pathogens in the wastewater from suction traps, although the most abundant fungi found were different types of yeasts and molds. Some insect-mediated fungi were detected as well as saprotrophic- and lichen forming fungi. The fungal flora found in the material from the suction trap was compared with that collected in a passive funnel trap at canopy level in close proximity to the corresponding suction trap. The species compositions were similar between the two collections. The timing of the detection of the plant pathogens in the two trap types depends on the biology of the fungus. For example, rust fungi (Puccinia spp.) were first found in the elevated traps, and later at canopy level, which may be explained by patterns of long distance dispersal. Claviceps purpurea, causing ergot in grasses and cereal crops, was first found at canopy level and later in the elevated traps. This may be explained by the fact that C. purpurea germinates from sclerotia in soil, and that insect mediated conidia were found in the elevated suction trap. Other pathogens, like Alternaria spp. and Fusarium spp. did not show any pattern and appeared irregularly in both trap types.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Berlin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variation in Puccinia graminis collected from oats, rye, and barberry
- 2012
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Ingår i: Phytopathology. - 0031-949X .- 1943-7684. ; 102, s. 1006-1012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Puccinia graminis, the causal agent of stem rust, was collected from its alternate host barberry (Berberis spp.) and two different uredinial hosts, oats (Avena sativa) and rye (Secale cereale). The samples were analyzed using 11 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. There were large differences between fungal populations on oats (P. graminis f. sp. avenae) and rye (P. graminis f. sp. secalis), and the genetic variation within the different formae speciales was also high. It was possible to distinguish between the two formae speciales on barberry. Additional genotypic groups not present in the field samples from oats and rye were also identified on barberry. Our results confirm the importance of barberry in maintaining the populations of P. graminis in Sweden and the importance of the sexual stage for the survival of the pathogen.
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| 22. |
- Berlin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Gulrost
- 2016
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Ingår i: Faktablad Om Växtskydd, Jordbruk. - 1100-5025.
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 23. |
- Berlin, Anna
(författare)
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Isolate Specificity and Polygenic Inheritance of Resistance in Barley to the Heterologous Rust Pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp avenae
- 2016
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Ingår i: Phytopathology. - 0031-949X .- 1943-7684. ; 106, s. 1029-1037
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barley is a near-nonhost to numerous heterologous (nonadapted) rust pathogens because a small proportion of genotypes are somewhat susceptible. We assessed 66 barley accessions and three mapping populations (Vada x SusPtrit, Cebada Capa x SusPtrit, and SusPtrit x Golden Promise) for response to three Swedish oat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae) fungal isolates and determined that barley is a near-nonhost to P. graminis f. sp. avenae and that resistance was polygenically inherited. The parental genotypes Vada and Golden Promise were immune to all three isolates, whereas Cebada Capa was immune to two isolates and moderately resistant to the third. Phenotypic data from the Vada x SusPtrit mapping population and the barley accessions tested also demonstrated isolate-specific resistance. In particular, the SusPtrit parent and several other accessions allowed sporulation by isolate Ingeberga but were resistant to isolate Evertsholm. Nine chromosomal regions carried quantitative trait loci (QTL) (Rpgaql to Rpgaq9) of varying effect, most of which colocated to previously identified QTL for resistance to other heterologous rust pathogens. Rpgaql on chromosome 1H (Vada and Golden Promise) was effective toward all isolates tested. Microscopic examination indicated that resistance was prehaustorial in Vada whereas, in SusPtrit, both pre- and posthaustorial mechanisms play a role.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Berlin, Anna
(författare)
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Population biology of Puccinia graminis : implications for the epidemiology and control of stem rust
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Barberry has made a noticeable comeback in the agricultural landscape after the repeal in 1994 of a law requiring its eradication. It has brought with it not only biological diversity, but also stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis (Pers.). Rusts have been known and feared for centuries. This thesis presents the results of studies of the population structure of P. graminis and connects this information to the epidemiology of stem rust. The studies were done by using SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers on samples from different hosts, years and areas. The results show that P. graminis genetically is a very diverse pathogen and no correlation in population structure could be detected between fields or years. However, there was a clear genetic differentiation between the forma specialis infecting oats and the forma specialis infecting rye and wheat. The aecial morphology also differed between the two, and the differentiation was reflected in a phylogenetic study. It was thus shown that P. graminis could be divided into two phylogenetically distinct species. The grass host is the driving force in the evolution of these species. In addition, Puccinia arrhenatheri was identified from barberry and its grass host. The presence of barberry, the alternate host of the pathogen, drives stem rust epidemics in oats, and removal of the barberry bushes would not only limit development of the disease but also reduce the genetic variation in the stem rust pathogen. Even if the fungus rarely goes through a sexual cycle, such as the situation in Tajikistan, the genetic variation is high in that country. The mere presence of barberry within an area enables a large genetic variability within the pathogen. Stem rust does not seem to be common on wheat in Sweden. This may be due to the lack of virulent genotypes of the pathogen, but if they were present, stem rust could become a major problem in wheat production, since all the prerequisites for epidemics are already present.
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| 26. |
- Berlin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Population differentiation of Puccinia coronata between hosts-implications for the epidemiology of oat crown rust
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Plant Pathology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0929-1873 .- 1573-8469. ; 152, s. 901-907
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fungus Puccinia coronata Corda. is the causal agent of crown rust on oats (Avena sativa) and grasses and the disease is a major problem in oat production causing devastating yield losses. The population biology of P. coronata in oat fields and on the aecial host in central Sweden was studied to get a deeper understanding of the role of the aecial hosts in the epidemiology of the disease. Samples were collected from the aecial hosts common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) and alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus), and three adjacent spring oat (Avena sativa) fields. Microsatellite markers were used to evaluate the relationships between populations sampled from the different hosts. According to our results F. alnus can be excluded as a part of the oat crown rust disease cycle. The results further show that samples collected from the aecial host were genetically separate from the population sampled in adjacent oat fields. Concurrently, the genotypic variation of P. coronata observed within oat fields was high. No population differentiation was observed within or between samples collected from different fields within the region, suggesting that airborne spores from other than the sampled specimens of the aecial hosts were contributing to the genetic diversity of P. coronata f. sp. avenae in the selected oat fields.
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| 27. |
- Berlin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Population structure of Puccinia graminis f.sp. avenae in Sweden
- 2009
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis, is a serious disease of cereal crops and in the past this pathogen has caused severe epidemics worldwide. Incidence of oat stem rust in Sweden has increased recently. One possible explanation could be an increase in the occurrence of barberry (Berberis spp.), on which P. graminis sexual cycle can be completed, due to the repeal of the barberry eradication law in 1994. The epidemiology of P. graminis is not well known in Sweden. In this project, the population biology and epidemiology of P. graminis f. sp. avenae are investigated. Multiple samples of P. graminis f. sp. avenae were collected from 33 different oat fields during the summer of 2008. Single pustule isolates were obtained from the field collections and increased in a greenhouse. DNA from these isolates was extracted from urediniospores and infected leaf tissue and was used to screen Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers developed for P. graminis f.sp. tritici. Some of the markers successfully produced amplicons indicating that they will be useful for genotyping isolates of P. graminis f. sp. avenae. Allele sizes for P. graminis f. sp. avenae were different than those from a U.S. reference isolate of P. graminis f.sp. tritici. A selected set of North American isolates of P. graminis f.sp. avenae are also included in the study. The results from this study will indicate if the oat stem rust pathogen in Sweden is a sexual population and the role of barberry in the epidemiology of P. graminis f. sp. avenae
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| 28. |
- Berlin, Anna
(författare)
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Potential for re-emergence of wheat stem rust in the United Kingdom
- 2018
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Ingår i: Communications biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wheat stem rust, a devastating disease of wheat and barley caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, was largely eradicated in Western Europe during the mid-to-late twentieth century. However, isolated outbreaks have occurred in recent years. Here we investigate whether a lack of resistance in modern European varieties, increased presence of its alternate host barberry and changes in climatic conditions could be facilitating its resurgence. We report the first wheat stem rust occurrence in the United Kingdom in nearly 60 years, with only 20% of UK wheat varieties resistant to this strain. Climate changes over the past 25 years also suggest increasingly conducive conditions for infection. Furthermore, we document the first occurrence in decades of P. graminis on barberry in the UK. Our data illustrate that wheat stem rust does occur in the UK and, when climatic conditions are conducive, could severely harm wheat and barley production.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Berlin, Anna
(författare)
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Recombination in the wheat stem rust pathogen mediated by an indigenous barberry species in Spain
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - 1664-462X. ; 14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The comeback of wheat stem rust in Europe, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, and the prevalence of the alternate (sexual) host in local areas have recently regained attention as a potential threat to European wheat production. The aim of this study was to investigate a potential epidemiological link between the aecia found on an indigenous barberry species and stem rust infections on nearby cereals and grasses. Aecial infections collected from Berberis vulgaris subsp. seroi were inoculated on a panel of susceptible genotypes of major cereal crop species. In total, 67 stem rust progeny isolates were recovered from wheat (51), barley (7), and rye (9), but none from oat, indicating the potential of barberry derived isolates to infect multiple cereals. Molecular genotyping of the progeny isolates and 20 cereal and grass stem rust samples collected at the same locations and year, revealed a clear genetic relatedness between the progeny isolated from barberry and the stem rust infections found on nearby cereal and grass hosts. Analysis of Molecular Variance indicated that variation between the stem rust populations accounted for only 1%. A Principal Components Analysis using the 62 detected multilocus genotypes also demonstrated a low degree of genetic variation among isolates belonging to the two stem rust populations. Lastly, pairwise comparisons based on fixation index (Fst), Nei's genetic distances and number of effective migrants (Nm) revealed low genetic differentiation and high genetic exchange between the two populations. Our results demonstrated a direct epidemiological link and functionality of an indigenous barberry species as the sexual host of P. graminis in Spain, a factor that should be considered when designing future strategies to prevent stem rust in Europe and beyond.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Berlin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Rust Fungi Forming Aecia on Berberis spp. in Sweden
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Plant Disease. - 0191-2917 .- 1943-7692. ; 97, s. 1281-1287
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barberry (Berberis spp.) hosts the aecial stage of several rust species, including Puccinia graminis, which causes stem rust on grasses and cereals. The aecial stage of this pathogen has received less attention because it is not as economically important compared with the uredinial and telial stages. The main objective of this study was to identify and describe the rust species that were found on Berberis spp. collected in different parts of Sweden. A morphological study, including spore measurements and aecia descriptions, was conducted, as well as DNA sequence analyses (using the internal transcribed spacer region and the EF1-alpha gene). Based on spore and aecia morphology as well as the genetic analyses, three different taxa could be distinguished on barberry: P graminis f. sp. avenae, P graminis f. sp. tritci/secalis, and P. arrhenatheri. The genetic analysis revealed little or no differentiation between P graminis f. sp. tritici and P graminis f. sp. secalis and, thus, this group of samples was denominated P graminis f. sp. tritici/secalis. Aecial morphology may be used to differentiate between different taxa. In particular, examination of aecial cross-sections may be used to distinguish between P graminis f. sp. avenae and P graminis f. sp. triticilsecalis. A clear differentiation in the mode of growth on barberry was also found; P arrhenatheri always appeared systemic whereas P graminis always appeared localized.
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| 33. |
- Berlin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Rusts on Berberis spp. in Sweden
- 2012
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The barberry eradication law in Sweden was repealed in 1994, and incidence of barberry ( Berberis spp.) has increased as a consequence. To investigate the importance of barberry in survival and reproduction of cereal rust pathogens, aecia were collected during 2008-2010. Uredinia of P. graminis were collected from oats ( Avena sativa ) and rye ( Secale cereale ). The samples were analyzed using 11 polymorphic SSR markers. In addition, ITS (Internal transcript spacer region) and EF-1 α (Elongation factor-1 α ) were sequenced in samples collected from barberry, and the identit ies of the species were determined by comparing the sequences to BLAST databases. Cross-section al morpholog ies of a selection of samples of aecia and aeciospores were also examined. SSR marker results revealed large differences between the fungal populations on oats ( P. graminis f. sp. avenae ) and rye ( P. graminis f. sp. secalis ), and genetic variation within the different formae speciales was also high. It was possible to distinguish between the two formae speciales on barberry by SSR markers, ITS sequences and morphological characteristics. Additional genotypic groups of P. graminis not present in samples from either oats or rye were identified on barberry with the SSR markers. Our results confirm the importance of barberry for survival and maintenance of P. graminis populations in Sweden. A not yet identified species showing similar sequences to P. striiformis and P. poa-nemoralis was found on barberry.
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| 34. |
- Berlin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Scientific evidence for sustainable plant disease protection strategies for the main arable crops in Sweden. A systematic map protocol
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Efficient and sustainable plant protection is of great economic and ecological significance for global crop production. A number of challenges, e.g. climate change, population growth and global trade, put increasing demands on future crop production and crop protection. This necessitates an increase in crop productivity with less environmental impact while maintaining good food quality and food security. To meet these challenges, it is essential that the recommendations provided to growers are efficient and correct, which can only be ensured by evidence-based recommendations based on outcomes from scientific studies.Methods and output: The aim of these systematic maps is to compile scientific evidence for different plant disease protection strategies for the main arable crops grown in Sweden. Six major crops (wheat, barley, oat, potato, sugar beet and oilseed rape) have been selected based on the area under production, the annual production, the economic importance, and the amount of pesticide used against diseases in these crops in Sweden. All methods to manage diseases will be considered, including cropping system, pesticide application, biological control methods, as well as combinations of methods and integrated pest management. These systematic maps will only deal with field studies of relevance for agricultural practices in Sweden, although we expect that the results will be applicable for northern Europe as a whole. The main outcome to be used will be productivity measured as yield per area. Plant health and pathogen reduction will be included as a proxy for potential increase in crop quality and yield. This will provide a systematic overview of the plant disease protection measures that have been reported in the scientific literature. The study will result in one searchable database per crop that may be used as a catalogue of evidence for researchers and stakeholders, especially authorities and advisory organizations. The systematic maps will aid in the identification of areas that need further research and guide funding agencies and policymakers when deciding where research resources should be allocated. It will also help to select topics for future systematic reviews and meta-studies within the field of plant protection.
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| 35. |
- Berlin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Sexual reproduction contributes to genotypic variation in the population of Puccinia graminis in Tajikistan
- 2015
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Plant Pathology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0929-1873 .- 1573-8469. ; 141, s. 159-168
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis, is a potential threat to wheat production in Central Asia. To investigate if sexual reproduction is important for the epidemiology of the disease, the population biology of the fungus was studied. Samples of P. graminis were collected from six wheat fields and from wild oats within two of the wheat fields during the growing season of 2010. The population structure of P. graminis was investigated by evaluating a total of 121 single uredinia collected from wheat and wild oats, using nine polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The results presented in this study indicate that there is a selection process by the grass host, in particular wheat, that favours certain clones, which in turn affects the population structure of P. graminis in Tajikistan. The genotypic variation was large, both within and between the wheat fields and three populations were in linkage equilibrium, indicating that sexual reproduction within the P. graminis population takes place. This leads to the conclusion that the presence of Berberis spp. in Tajikistan has an important role in the population dynamics of P. graminis within the country, even if the fungus must reproduce primarily in a clonal manner during most of the year. Results also confirm that the two formae speciales, P. graminis f. sp. tritici and P. graminis f. sp. avenae, are genetically different even if they were collected in the same field.
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| 36. |
- Berlin, Anna
(författare)
-
Stem rust in the presence of barberry
- 2014
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Puccinia graminis is the causal agent of stem rust on cereals, a disease that have been known and feared for centuries. In Sweden, a law of removal of the alternate host barberry was implemented until 1994. Since then, the occurrence of barberry has increased, as well as the stem rust disease. Our studies shows that barberry is an important part of the disease cycle in Sweden and the genetic variation of the pathogen is high, both within and between infested fields. Until now, only oats and rye as well as some wild grasses are infected by P. graminis in Sweden. In addition, we found a clear genetical and morphological differentiation between stem rust infecting rye and oats respectively. Why wheat is not affected remains as a question to be answered, since most of the Swedish wheat cultivars are susceptible to P. graminis f. sp. tritici, the stem rust infecting wheat.
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| 37. |
- Berlin, Anna
(författare)
-
Wheat Stem Rust Back in Europe: Diversity, Prevalence and Impact on Host Resistance
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-462X. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to investigate the re-emergence of a previously important crop pathogen in Europe, Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici, causing wheat stem rust. The pathogen has been insignificant in Europe for more than 60 years, but since 2016 it has caused epidemics on both durum wheat and bread wheat in local areas in southern Europe, and additional outbreaks in Central- and West Europe. The prevalence of three distinct genotypes/races in many areas, Clade III-B (TTRTF), Clade IV-B (TKTTF) and Clade IV-F (TKKTF), suggested clonal reproduction and evolution by mutation within these. None of these genetic groups and races, which likely originated from exotic incursions, were detected in Europe prior to 2016. A fourth genetic group, Clade VIII, detected in Germany (2013), was observed in several years in Central- and East Europe. Tests of representative European wheat varieties with prevalent races revealed high level of susceptibility. In contrast, high diversity with respect to virulence and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were detected in local populations on cereals and grasses in proximity to Berberis species in Spain and Sweden, indicating that the alternate host may return as functional component of the epidemiology of wheat stem rust in Europe. A geographically distant population from Omsk and Novosibirsk in western Siberia (Russia) also revealed high genetic diversity, but clearly different from current European populations. The presence of Sr31-virulence in multiple and highly diverse races in local populations in Spain and Siberia stress that virulence may emerge independently when large geographical areas and time spans are considered and that Sr31-virulence is not unique to Ug99. All isolates of the Spanish populations, collected from wheat, rye and grass species, were succesfully recovered on wheat, which underline the plasticity of host barriers within P. graminis. The study demonstrated successful alignment of two genotyping approaches and race phenotyping methodologies employed by different laboratories, which also allowed us to line up with previous European and international studies of wheat stem rust. Our results suggest new initiatives within disease surveillance, epidemiological research and resistance breeding to meet current and future challenges by wheat stem rust in Europe and beyond.
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| 38. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Keyword mingling workshop : a method for identifying and consolidating industrially perceived needs and requirements of future operators
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Swedish Production Symposium, SPS12. - 9789175197524
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investments into the technology of the future require a firm basis in the needs of production industry. However, gathering, sorting and ranking cross-industrial future needs remains a steep challenge to technology developers. Gathering feedback from just one or a few case companies can result in a biased set of priorities, since feedback from specific industrial sectors may often be highly influenced by their industry- and product-specific challenges. The workshop method presented in this paper resolves this by using a highly interactive "mingling" technique to get participants in a large group workshop (between 15 - 20 people) to answer a specific question. The participants discuss ideas in smaller groups, share their findings to the group at large, co-operatively organize the input from all participants into functional categories, and finally perform a 'ranking' of the results. The outcome is a prioritized list of concerns to focus research efforts on, providing workshop analysts with a finished structure for reporting the results. The method was tested in two workshops within the project "The Operator of the Future" and resulted in plenty of positive feedback from participants, who felt that the input was relevant, well-structured, and easy to agree with due to the consensus categorizing.
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| 39. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Keyword Mingling workshop - a method for identifying and consolidating industrially perceived needs and requirements of future operators
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Swedish Production Symposium, SPS12. - 9789175197524
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investments into the production technology of the future require a firm basis in the needsof production industry. However, gathering, sorting and ranking cross-industrial futureneeds remains a steep challenge to technology developers. Gathering feedback from justone or a few case companies can result in a biased set of priorities, since feedback fromspecific industrial sectors may often be highly influenced by their industry- and productspecificchallenges. This paper describes a structured method called “Keyword Mingling”that addresses the collection of such feedback in a multi-partner workshop format.The workshop method presented in this paper resolves this by using a highly interactive"mingling" technique to get participants in a large group workshop (between 15 - 20people) to answer a specific question. The participants discuss ideas in smaller groups,share their findings to the group at large, co-operatively organize the input from allparticipants into functional categories, and finally perform a 'ranking' of the results. Theoutcome is a prioritized list of concerns to focus research efforts on, providing workshopanalysts with a finished structure for reporting the results. The method was tested in twoworkshops within the project "The Operator of the Future" and resulted in plenty ofpositive feedback from participants, who felt that the input was relevant, well-structured,and easy to agree with due to the consensus categorizing.
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| 40. |
|
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| 41. |
- Berlin, Marie, 1965-
(författare)
-
Out-of-Home Care and Educational Outcomes : Prevalence, Patterns and Consequences
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to examine educational stratification in the context of out-of-home care (OHC; foster family care, residential care) and to place one of society’s most vulnerable groups in the fields of social stratification and family complexity research. About 5% of the Swedish population experience OHC during childhood or adolescence. OHC is not only a matter of protecting children and youth; it is also intended to improve future opportunities and compensate for adverse childhood factors. However, a vast body of international research, including Swedish studies, shows that a substantial proportion of young people from OHC have poor school performance and low educational attainment as adults. Furthermore, this is strongly associated with their high risk of other adverse outcomes in life. To date there are no signs of improvement in this regard, and the disadvantage of having a low education is increasing in today’s knowledge-based society.Many previous OHC studies have relied on small, local samples, and longitudinal data are often lacking. In this respect, Swedish researchers are well positioned to contribute to the field through research based on our high-quality population registers. The main data source in this thesis – the Child Welfare Intervention Register – covers half a century of OHC data. Based on these data, an overview of OHC prevalence in Sweden and patterns of educational outcomes are presented in the introductory chapter. The thesis further consists of five individual studies investigating different aspects of the transition through the educational system to adult life among children and youth from OHC. Two of the five studies focus on children who spent most of their childhood in OHC and for whom society has assumed a long-term commitment of parental responsibilities.The descriptive data show that patterns of poor educational outcomes in the OHC population have remained stable as long as they can be followed in the registers. Study I shows that youth who exited long-term care were disadvantaged as compared to youth without OHC experience, both in terms of educational attainment and regarding the strong association between poor school performance and other adverse outcomes in young adulthood. Up to 55% of their excess risks of later psychosocial problems were statistically attributable to dismal school performance. Study II shows that 54% of clients in substance-misuse treatment in the 1980s had been in OHC, half before their teen years and half as teenagers. In this group, OHC was associated with excess mortality during the 30-year follow-up from exit from treatment, with statistical significance mainly for females who had entered OHC before their teens. School failure was more common in the OHC population than for misuse clients without OHC experience, and was strongly associated with the excess mortality of females. Two Nordic comparative studies (Studies III and IV) show that the OHC population had a substantially higher risk of not completing upper-secondary education across countries, and that poor performance in primary school inflicted a greater risk in OHC youth of being NEET in young adulthood than for their peers without OHC experience. Study V shows that the intergenerational transmission of education was weak and inconsistent in the foster care setting, and that living in a highly educated foster family did not have a robust positive effect on foster children’s educational outcomes.
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| 42. |
- Castaño Soler, Carles, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimized metabarcoding with Pacific biosciences enables semi-quantitative analysis of fungal communities
- 2020
-
Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 228, s. 1149-1158
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have questioned the use of high-throughput sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region to derive a semi-quantitative representation of fungal community composition. However, comprehensive studies that quantify biases occurring during PCR and sequencing of ITS amplicons are still lacking. We used artificially assembled communities consisting of 10 ITS-like fragments of varying lengths and guanine-cytosine (GC) contents to evaluate and quantify biases during PCR and sequencing with Illumina MiSeq, PacBio RS II and PacBio Sequel I technologies. Fragment length variation was the main source of bias in observed community composition relative to the template, with longer fragments generally being under-represented for all sequencing platforms. This bias was three times higher for Illumina MiSeq than for PacBio RS II and Sequel I. All 10 fragments in the artificial community were recovered when sequenced with PacBio technologies, whereas the three longest fragments (> 447 bases) were lost when sequenced with Illumina MiSeq. Fragment length bias also increased linearly with increasing number of PCR cycles but could be mitigated by optimization of the PCR setup. No significant biases related to GC content were observed. Despite lower sequencing output, PacBio sequencing was better able to reflect the community composition of the template than Illumina MiSeq sequencing.
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| 43. |
- Clark, Andrew G., et al.
(författare)
-
Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 450:7167, s. 203-218
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.
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| 44. |
- Cleary, Michelle, et al.
(författare)
-
Friend or foe? Biological and ecological traits of the European ash dieback pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in its native environment
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, an introduced ascomycete fungus and primary causal agent of European ash dieback, was investigated on Fraxinus mandshurica trees in its native range in Primorye region of Far East Russia. This evidence is the first report of H. fraxineus on healthy, asymptomatic F. mandshurica trees. High-throughput sequencing revealed 49 distinct fungal taxa associated with leaves of F. mandshurica, 12 of which were identified to species level. Phyllosphere fungal assemblages were similar among sites despite being largely geographically distant. Many organisms comprising the foliar fungal community on F. mandshurica in Far East Russia have similarity to those reported inhabiting F. excelsior in Europe based on previous studies. However, Mycosphaerella sp., the most dominant species in this study and detected in nearly all samples, was associated only with F. mandshurica. Genetic diversity of H. fraxineus was significantly higher in the Far East Russian population than in Europe. In contrast to its aggressive behaviour on Fraxinus excelsior in Europe, H. fraxineus appears to be a benign associate of indigenous F. mandshurica that initially induces quiescent and asymptomatic infections in healthy trees prior to active host colonization normally associated with modification of host tissue during senescence.
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| 45. |
- Djurle, Annika, et al.
(författare)
-
Addressing biohazards to food security in primary production
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Food Security. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1876-4517 .- 1876-4525. ; 14, s. 1475-1497
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review addresses ways to prepare for and to mitigate effects of biohazards on primary production of crops and livestock. These biohazards can be natural or intentional introductions of pathogens, and they can cause major economic damage to farmers, the agricultural industry, society, and international trade. Agroterrorism is the intentional introduction of animal or plant pathogens into agricultural production systems with the intention to cause socioeconomic harm and generate public fear. Although few acts of agroterrorism are reported, the threat of agroterrorism in Europe is real. New concerns about threats arise from the rapid advancements in biotechnology and emerging technologies. FORSA, an analytical framework for risk and vulnerability analysis, was used to review how to prepare for and mitigate the possible effects of natural or intentional biohazards in agricultural production. Analyzing the effects of a biohazard event involves multiple scientific disciplines. A comprehensive analysis of biohazards therefore requires a systems approach. The preparedness and ability to manage events are strengthened by bolstered farm biosecurity, increased monitoring and laboratory capacity, improved inter-agency communication and resource allocation. The focus of this review is on Europe, but the insights gained have worldwide applications. The analytical framework used here is compared to other frameworks. With climate change, Covid-19 and the war in Ukraine, the supply chains are challenged, and we foresee increasing food prices associated with social tensions. Our food supply chain becomes more fragile with more unknowns, thereby increasing the needs for risk and vulnerability analyses, of which FORSA is one example.
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| 46. |
- Fors, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Interdisciplinary insights into navigating the maze of landscape multifunctionality
- 2024
-
Ingår i: People and Nature. - 2575-8314. ; 6, s. 519-534
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing demands for land to deliver multiple and sometimes conflicting services to people and nature have led to the development of an extensive body of research focussed on multifunctional landscapes. However, this has created both insight and confusion, as authors from a variety of disciplines have independently tackled the question of how to manage the trade-offs and synergies inherent in landscapes that are required to produce multiple functions and services. We employed an interdisciplinary perspective to formulate some key questions that researchers of multifunctional landscapes can use to identify blind spots. Our process resulted in a question-based analysis support scheme that supports reflection and recursive thinking about multifunctional landscapes, beginning with objective setting and visions for addressing it, grounded in baseline mapping, then assessing landscape functions and their single and multiple interactions; as well as the analysis of sensitivity to spatial and temporal dimensions. Other key points identified are the need for clarity and examination of unstated assumptions, from aims to definitions; accounting for scale; incorporating stakeholder needs throughout the process and applying suitable methods of measurement and aggregation. The focus on asking guided questions derives from the insight that there is no universal correct approach to multifunctional landscapes; the aim should instead be to find the most appropriate methods for the given circumstances and goals. Policy implications. Tackling current and future socio-ecological challenges is an interdisciplinary undertaking, necessitating collaborative efforts between research fields that each bring valuable and distinct insights. To effectively combat these challenges, multifunctional landscapes require a clear process and focused objective in their implementation. Multifunctionality should be seen as a means to an end, rather than an end in itself.Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.okade krav pa att landskap ska leverera flera och ibland motstridiga tjanster till manniskor och natur har lett till utvecklingen av en omfangsrik forskning med fokus pa multifunktionella landskap. Detta har skapat bade insikter och oklarheter, eftersom forskare fran en rad olika discipliner oberoende av varandra har tagit sig an fragan om hur man ska hantera de kompromisser och synergier som uppstar i landskap som maste producera flera olika funktioner och tjanster. Genom ett interdisciplinart perspektiv har vi formulerat nyckelfragor som forskare som studerar multifunktionella landskap kan anvanda for att identifiera sina blinda flackar. Var process resulterade i ett fragebaserat analysstod for reflektion och rekursivt tankande om multifunktionella landskap. Det borjar med malsattning och visioner for att adressera detta, som sedan forankras i kartlaggning av forutsattningar, och fortsatter med bedomning av landskapsfunktioner och hur de interagerar men enskilda eller flera andra landskapsfunktioner; samt med analys av kanslighet for rumsliga och tidsmassiga dimensioner. Andra centrala punkter som identifierats ar behovet av tydlighet och granskning av outtalade grundantaganden, fran mal till definitioner; att skalan tas i beaktande; inforlivande av intressenters behov genom hela processen och tillampning av lampliga metoder for matning och aggregering av information. Vart fokus pa att stalla vagledande fragor kommer fran insikten att det inte finns nagot universellt korrekt tillvagagangssatt for multifunktionella landskap; syftet bor istallet vara att hitta de mest lampliga metoderna for de givna omstandigheterna och malen. Betydelse for politiken. Att ta itu med nuvarande och framtida socioekologiska utmaningar ar ett interdisciplinart atagande som kraver samarbete mellan forskningsomraden som vart och ett bidrar med vardefulla och specifika insikter. For att mota dessa utmaningar pa ett effektivt satt kravs en tydlig process och ett fokuserat mal for implementeringen av multifunktionella landskap. Multifunktionalitet bor ses som ett medel for att na ett mal, snarare an ett mal i sig.Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
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| 47. |
- Garcia-Ryde, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Expression of Stress-Induced Genes in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells and Lung Fibroblasts from Healthy and COPD Subjects
- 2024
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - 1422-0067. ; 25:12, s. 1-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is commonly caused from smoking cigarettes that induce biological stress responses. Previously we found disorganized endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in fibroblasts from COPD with different responses to chemical stressors compared to healthy subjects. Here, we aimed to investigate differences in stress-related gene expressions within lung cells from COPD and healthy subjects. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells were collected from seven COPD and 35 healthy subjects. Lung fibroblasts were derived from 19 COPD and 24 healthy subjects and exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Gene and protein expression and cell proliferation were investigated. Compared to healthy subjects, we found lower gene expression of CHOP in lung fibroblasts from COPD subjects. Exposure to CSE caused inhibition of lung fibroblast proliferation in both groups, though the changes in ER stress-related gene expressions (ATF6, IRE1, PERK, ATF4, CHOP, BCL2L1) and genes relating to proteasomal subunits mostly occurred in healthy lung fibroblasts. No differences were found in BAL cells. In this study, we have found that lung fibroblasts from COPD subjects have an atypical ER stress gene response to CSE, particularly in genes related to apoptosis. This difference in response to CSE may be a contributing factor to COPD progression.
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| 48. |
- Grane, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
-
The operator of the future – a key to competitive industry in a future information society
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Swedish Production Symposium, SPS12. - 9789175197524
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased global competition and forthcoming demographic changes is expected for the Swedish industry. The process and manufacturing industry needs to develop solutions that can provide increased flexibility and production efficiency. A key for the future competitiveness is the operator of the future who works closest to the value adding processes. In the project “The operator of the future”, “Framtidsoperatören” in Swedish, the overall aim is to increase the competiveness of Swedish industry by developing an advanced toolbox that meets future needs. In a pre-study, the tasks and needs of the operator of the future were investigated through workshops with 25 representatives from 15 Swedish process and manufacturing industries and system developers. The results had similarities across industries and suggest solutions that support communication, control and constant learning. The tools should be intuitive and situation adapted with use of strengthened senses. These results give the direction for a continued development of a future toolbox. Through a combination of new supporting technologies and new ways of collaboration the operators of the future might find their work more interesting, stimulating, and developing, leading to enhanced competiveness of Swedish industry.
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| 49. |
- Houmann, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Electronical digital instrument (EDI) - Digital music making with children, youth and music teacher students
- 2023
-
Ingår i: ; , s. 61-61
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Making music with digital tools might be considered common knowledge in music education. However, there are vast numbers of music teachers who feel insecure when it comes to actually using it as a prominent tool for music making in their classrooms. The objective of this workshop is to show how students of different ages together with their music teachers create, produce and perform music by EDI. The EDI is a system based on three components: 1) A computer 2) User-configured software (ex Ableton Live) 3) Performance controllers with grid, keyboard, and mix control capabilities (ex Ableton Push). This work lecture includes presentations, cases and examples on digital music making brought in by students and music teachers. Via this interaction participants will experience real time collaborative music making, producing and performing with EDI and take part of the result.All four presenters are part of the practice based project "The digital student - computer as instrument in school" and will through the workshop format highlight some of its essential findings. This work lecture will display a number of ways these digital tools can help music teachers take advantage of students’ resourcefulness and creativity to work collaboratively and individually in their music making. The aims of this work lecture are to give the participants the opportunity to:• Experience digital music making through given tools to create and produce music• Give inspiration to implement and/or develop new ways of using digital tools in making and producing music, in music education• Open up a broader view on the computer as students main instrument in music education• Understand how digital tools in making, producing and performing music highlights and emphasize students voices in the process as well as in the result
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| 50. |
- Houmann, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
The Digital Student - challenges and opportunities using the computer as main instrument in music education in Sweden
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Teachers in the aesthetic program in upper secondary school in Sweden have identified that there are great opportunities and challenges in teaching and working with students who have EDI as their main instrument. From a student perspective it has relevance to being part of meaningful music education developing their musical identity. Students playing EDI can explore an array of electronical musical styles and develop high-level techniques using their unique electronic music system configuration. This research project aims to generate knowledge about what teaching about and in EDI means for teachers and students in the aesthetic programs as well as teachers and students in the music teacher training. In this full-scale research project university researchers collaborate with teachers in upper secondary school, teachers and teacher students in teacher education in developing both scientific knowledge and EDI teaching guidelines. The project is relevant both from a professional and research perspective as there are relatively few studies and little knowledge of EDI as part of music teaching. However, there are parallels drawn from the related research field music technology (King, Himonides & Ruthmann, 2017). The design of the study is based on Educational Design Research (McKenney & Reeves, 2012), meaning that the teaching and its outcomes are examined and analyzed through a number of iterative cycles. Interventions in classrooms are combined with interviews, music labs, regular meetings in the collaborative research group for analysis of teaching, methodological discussions and processing of relevant research and teaching material. The project has not only generated a scientific understanding of what EDI means in the current context, but also contributed to the development of concrete teaching models based on research and proven experience with relevance to the school system, teacher training and the research community. Presenters are university researchers and teachers in addition to teachers in upper secondary school.
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