| 1. |
- Vinnerljung, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Placement breakdowns in long-term foster care – a regional Swedish study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Child & Family Social Work. - : Wiley. - 1356-7500 .- 1365-2206. ; 22, s. 15-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used a regional sample of children in long-term foster care to investigate the prevalence of placement breakdown in adolescence, and to assess risk factors/risk markers for placement disruption. The sample consisted of all 136 foster children in the region, born 1980–1992, who on their 12th birthday had been in the same foster family for at least 4 years. They were followed in case files until date of disruption or their 18th birthday. Data on conditions before and during placement were retrieved from case files, and analysed in bi- and multivariate models. Results showed that one in four placements broke down in adolescence. The median child who experienced a breakdown was 14 years old, and had been in the same foster home for more than 10 years. Prominent risk factors were (i) being placed after age 2 and (ii) having a birth sibling in the same foster home. We also uncovered strong risk markers that can be viewed as precursors of placement disruption. When the child or the foster parents repeatedly over time expressed dissatisfaction with the placement, this ended with a placement breakdown in 60% of cases. Implications for practice are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Baumann, Henrikke, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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The Usefulness of an Actor’s Perspective in LCA
- 2011
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Ingår i: Towards Life Cycle Sustainability Management. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789400718982 ; , s. 73-83
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is an argumentation for adding an actor’s perspective to lifecycleassessment (LCA). The need for this perspective stems from a criticismabout the usefulness of LCA interpretation methods comparing the relativecontribution of life-cycle phases of a product. Our argumentation is based on fourpreviously published studies providing practical examples of how value chainactors’ influence may be considered in an LCA and the benefit of doing so.Manufacturing sector examples show how one company's influence can beillustrated in results and how it may relate all relevant emissions to its ownprocesses. The food sector study shows how to assess several value chain actors’individual improvement potential. The final example, taken from building sector,explore how to consider the fact that actors in one part of the value chain caninfluence other actors to improve.
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| 3. |
- Bergström, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Fifty moves a year: is there an association between joint physical custody and psychosomatic problems in children?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 69:8, s. 769-774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In many Western countries, an increasing number of children with separated parents have joint physical custody, that is, live equally much in their parents respective homes. In Sweden, joint physical custody is particularly common and concerns between 30% and 40% of the children with separated parents. It has been hypothesised that the frequent moves and lack of stability in parenting may be stressful for these children. Methods We used data from a national classroom survey of all sixth and ninth grade students in Sweden (N=147839) to investigate the association between childrens psychosomatic problems and living arrangements. Children in joint physical custody were compared with those living only or mostly with one parent and in nuclear families. We conducted sex-specific linear regression analyses for z-transformed sum scores of psychosomatic problems and adjusted for age, country of origin as well as childrens satisfaction with material resources and relationships to parents. Clustering by school was accounted for by using a two-level random intercept model. Results Children in joint physical custody suffered from less psychosomatic problems than those living mostly or only with one parent but reported more symptoms than those in nuclear families. Satisfaction with their material resources and parent-child relationships was associated with childrens psychosomatic health but could not explain the differences between children in the different living arrangements. Conclusions Children with non-cohabitant parents experience more psychosomatic problems than those in nuclear families. Those in joint physical custody do however report better psychosomatic health than children living mostly or only with one parent. Longitudinal studies with information on family factors before and after the separation are needed to inform policy of childrens postseparation living arrangements.
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| 4. |
- Bergström, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Living in two homes-a Swedish national survey of wellbeing in 12 and 15 year olds with joint physical custody
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The practice of joint physical custody, where children spend equal time in each parent's home after they separate, is increasing in many countries. It is particularly common in Sweden, where this custody arrangement applies to 30 per cent of children with separated parents. The aim of this study was to examine children's health-related quality of life after parental separation, by comparing children living with both parents in nuclear families to those living in joint physical custody and other forms of domestic arrangements.Methods Data from a national Swedish classroom study of 164,580 children aged 12 and 15-years-old were analysed by two-level linear regression modelling. Z-scores were used to equalise scales for ten dimensions of wellbeing from the KIDSCREEN-52 and the KIDSCREEN-10 Index and analysed for children in joint physical custody in comparison with children living in nuclear families and mostly or only with one parent.Results Living in a nuclear family was positively associated with almost all aspects of wellbeing in comparison to children with separated parents. Children in joint physical custody experienced more positive outcomes, in terms of subjective wellbeing, family life and peer relations, than children living mostly or only with one parent. For the 12-year-olds, beta coefficients for moods and emotions ranged from -0.20 to -0.33 and peer relations from -0.11 to -0.20 for children in joint physical custody and living mostly or only with one parent. The corresponding estimates for the 15-year-olds varied from -0.08 to -0.28 and from -0.03 to -0.13 on these subscales. The 15-year-olds in joint physical custody were more likely than the 12-year-olds to report similar wellbeing levels on most outcomes to the children in nuclear families.Conclusions Children who spent equal time living with both parents after a separation reported better wellbeing than children in predominantly single parent care. This was particularly true for the 15-year-olds, while the reported wellbeing of 12-years-olds was less satisfactory. There is a need for further studies that can account for the pre and post separation context of individual families and the wellbeing of younger age groups in joint physical custody.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Berlin, Johanna, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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A life cycle based method to minimise environmental impact of dairy production through product sequencing
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 15:4, s. 347-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The trend of increasing the number of dairy products for sale affects their environmental impact in a life cycle perspective. During dairy processing, the production schedule is affected by more frequent product changes, hence also cleaning operations. This causes more milk waste, use of cleaning agents and water. The amount of milk waste depends on the product change technique used, which is determined by the characteristics of the product. A method was designed to calculate the sequence, which, for a given set of yoghurt products, minimises milk waste. A heuristic method, based on the strive to minimise production waste combined with production rules, was worked out. To determine whether the heuristic solution gives the best possible sequence from an environmental perspective, an optimisation was also made. The analytical method used for optimisation was able to handle 21 products and verified the heuristic method for a waste minimised sequence up to that level. It is also highly probable that for sequences including a greater number of items waste can be minimised with the same heuristic method. A successful demonstration of the possibility to make a more complete environmental assessment was fulfilled by connecting the sequencing model to conventional life cycle assessment methodology.
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| 7. |
- Berlin, Johanna, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Metod för utvärdering av miljöåtgärder realiserbara genom styrmedel
- 2006
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Ingår i: Styrmedelsanalys med livscykel- och innovationssystemperspektiv. Metod och fallstudier. Naturvårdsverkets rapport nr 2295, Stockholm. - Göteborg, Sverige : SIK Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Berlin, Johanna, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Product Chain Actors’ Potential for Greening the Product Life Cycle The Case of the Swedish Postfarm Milk Chain
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1530-9290 .- 1088-1980. ; 12:1, s. 95-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The challenge in working with environmental improvementsis to select the action offering the most substantial progress.However, not all actions are open to all actors in a productchain. This study demonstrates how life cycle assessment(LCA) may be used with an actor perspective in the Swedishpostfarm milk chain. The potential measures were identified,applied by the dairy, retailer, and household, that gave themost environmental improvement in a life cycle perspective.Improved energy efficiency, more efficient transport patterns,reduced milk and product losses, and organic labeling wereinvestigated. Milk, yogurt and cheese were considered. AfterLCAs of the products were established, improvement potentialsof the actors were identified and quantified. The quantificationwas based mostly on literature studies but also onassumptions. Then the LCAs were recalculated to include theestimated improvement potential. To find the action with thegreatest potential, the environmental impacts of the modifiedand original LCAs were compared for each actor. No actionwas superior to any other from the dairy perspective, but reducedwastage lowered most impacts for all three products.For retailers, using less energy is the most efficient improvement.From the household perspective, reducing wastage givesunambiguously positive results. When households choose organicproducts, reductions in energy use and greenhouse gasesare even larger, but eutrophication increases. Overall, householdshave greatest potential for improvement while yogurt isthe product offering the most improvement potential.
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| 9. |
- Berlin, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Dental health care utilization among young adults who were in societal out-of-home care as children : a Swedish national cohort study
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Social Welfare. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1369-6866 .- 1468-2397. ; 27:4, s. 325-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used Swedish national registers to analyse dental health care among young adults with childhood experience of out‐of‐home care (OHC), in Cox regression analyses. All 1.7 million Swedish residents born in 1980–1994 were included, of whom 4% had been in OHC. The population was followed up in the Dental Health Register from age 20 to 29, during the period 2009–2014. We found that persons with short or long OHC experience made emergency dental care visits more often than their majority‐population peers: 17–23% versus 9–10%, (adjusted Hazard ratios [HR:s] 1.60–2.02); they more often had tooth extractions, 9–12% versus 3% (HR:s 2.33–3.03); but less regularly visited a dentist for planned check‐ups, 61–77% versus 80–87% (HR:s 0.76–0.78). Since dental health in young adulthood reflects dental health and dental care in childhood, the findings of this study call for improved preventive dental health care for children in OHC.
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| 10. |
- Berlin, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Educational outcomes of children from long-term foster care : Does foster parents’ educational attainment matter?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Developmental Child Welfare. - : SAGE Publications. - 2516-1032 .- 2516-1040. ; 1:4, s. 344-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parental education is a robust predictor of children’s educational outcomes in general population studies, yet little is known about the intergenerational transmission of educational outcomes in alternative family settings such as children growing up in foster care. Using Swedish longitudinal register data on 2,167 children with experience of long-term foster care, this study explores the hypothesized mediating role of foster parents’ educational attainment on foster children’s educational outcomes, here conceptualized as having poor school performance at age 15 and only primary education at age 26. Results from gender-stratified regression analyses suggest that there was an association between foster parental educational attainment and foster children’s educational outcomes but that the educational transmission was weak and inconsistent and differed somewhat between males and females. For males, lower educational attainment in foster parents was associated with poor school performance but was not associated with educational attainment at age 26. The reverse pattern was found among females: the educational gradient was inconsistent for poor school performance but appeared in educational attainment. The results indicate that supported interventions for improving foster children’s educational achievements are needed, even when placements are relatively stable and foster parents have a long formal education.
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| 11. |
- Berlin, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term NEET among young adults with experience of out-of-home care : A comparative study of three Nordic countries
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study compares the risk of long-term NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) among young adults with out-of-home care (OHC) experience across Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, using register data for an entire cohort of domestic born in 1987. The Nordic countries share many features, but there are differences in the provision of after-care support and in the linkage between the educational system and the labour market. The results show that about one-fourth in Denmark and Sweden, and about one-third in Finland, of young adults with OHC experience were NEET. The high prevalence of poor school performance in the OHC population was associated with their excess risk of NEET, and the findings suggest that the current measures aimed at improving young adults’ school-to-work transition are not sufficient for youth from OHC. Implications for research, policy and practice are discussed.
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| 12. |
- Berlin, Marie, 1965-
(författare)
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Out-of-Home Care and Educational Outcomes : Prevalence, Patterns and Consequences
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to examine educational stratification in the context of out-of-home care (OHC; foster family care, residential care) and to place one of society’s most vulnerable groups in the fields of social stratification and family complexity research. About 5% of the Swedish population experience OHC during childhood or adolescence. OHC is not only a matter of protecting children and youth; it is also intended to improve future opportunities and compensate for adverse childhood factors. However, a vast body of international research, including Swedish studies, shows that a substantial proportion of young people from OHC have poor school performance and low educational attainment as adults. Furthermore, this is strongly associated with their high risk of other adverse outcomes in life. To date there are no signs of improvement in this regard, and the disadvantage of having a low education is increasing in today’s knowledge-based society.Many previous OHC studies have relied on small, local samples, and longitudinal data are often lacking. In this respect, Swedish researchers are well positioned to contribute to the field through research based on our high-quality population registers. The main data source in this thesis – the Child Welfare Intervention Register – covers half a century of OHC data. Based on these data, an overview of OHC prevalence in Sweden and patterns of educational outcomes are presented in the introductory chapter. The thesis further consists of five individual studies investigating different aspects of the transition through the educational system to adult life among children and youth from OHC. Two of the five studies focus on children who spent most of their childhood in OHC and for whom society has assumed a long-term commitment of parental responsibilities.The descriptive data show that patterns of poor educational outcomes in the OHC population have remained stable as long as they can be followed in the registers. Study I shows that youth who exited long-term care were disadvantaged as compared to youth without OHC experience, both in terms of educational attainment and regarding the strong association between poor school performance and other adverse outcomes in young adulthood. Up to 55% of their excess risks of later psychosocial problems were statistically attributable to dismal school performance. Study II shows that 54% of clients in substance-misuse treatment in the 1980s had been in OHC, half before their teen years and half as teenagers. In this group, OHC was associated with excess mortality during the 30-year follow-up from exit from treatment, with statistical significance mainly for females who had entered OHC before their teens. School failure was more common in the OHC population than for misuse clients without OHC experience, and was strongly associated with the excess mortality of females. Two Nordic comparative studies (Studies III and IV) show that the OHC population had a substantially higher risk of not completing upper-secondary education across countries, and that poor performance in primary school inflicted a greater risk in OHC youth of being NEET in young adulthood than for their peers without OHC experience. Study V shows that the intergenerational transmission of education was weak and inconsistent in the foster care setting, and that living in a highly educated foster family did not have a robust positive effect on foster children’s educational outcomes.
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| 13. |
- Berlin, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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School performance in primary school and psychosocial problems in young adulthood among care leavers from long term foster care
- 2011
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Ingår i: Children and youth services review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0190-7409 .- 1873-7765. ; 33:12, s. 2489-2494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used data from Swedish national registers for ten entire birth year cohorts (1972–1981) to examine psychosocial outcomes in young adulthood for youth that left long term foster care after age 17, comparing them with majority population peers, national adoptees and peers who had received in-home interventions before age 13. The population was followed in the registers from age 16 to 2005. Data were analyzed in Cox regression models.Youth who left long term foster care had six-to eleven fold sex and birth year adjusted excess risks for suicide attempts, substance abuse and serious criminality from age 20, and for public welfare dependency at age 25. Overrisks were considerably lower for the in-home intervention group and the national adoptees. Adjusting results for poor school performance in the final year in primary school (ages 15–16) reduced overrisks by 38–52% for care leavers from long term foster care.Irrespective of issues of causality, poor school performance seems to be a major risk factor for future psychosocial problems among youth who age out of long term foster care. The results suggest that promoting foster children's school performance should be given high priority by agencies.
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| 14. |
- Berlin, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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The relation between out-of-home care, early school failure, and premature mortality : a 30-year follow-up of people treated for substance misuse in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nordic Social Work Research. - 2156-857X .- 2156-8588. ; 11:4, s. 374-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence from Swedish and international studies show that a high proportion of children from out-of-home care (OHC) have poor school performance and that this is strongly associated with their substantial risk of adverse development in future life. However, risk factors for poor school performance and adverse development are difficult to disentangle since they are often interrelated and enforce each other over the life course. This study examines premature mortality in relation to early school failure (drop-out from compulsory school) and OHC experience in childhood (0–17 years of age) among clients who were in treatment for substance misuse in the early 1980s (N = 1,036). The analyses were based on record linkages between interview data collected during treatment and national register data covering approximately 30 years of follow-up, from exit from treatment until 2013. Our results showed that 54 per cent had been placed in OHC as children, half before their teens and half as teenagers. The OHC population had a higher prevalence of school failure compared with clients who had not been exposed to childhood OHC. OHC was associated with an excess mortality, although this was only significant for females who had entered OHC before their teens. Adjusting results for school failure reduced their excess mortality by half, and additional life course factors associated with mortality among people with substance misuse adjusted for most of the remaining excess mortality. School failure was strongly associated with the excess mortality of females, but not with the excess mortality of males.
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| 15. |
- Björkenstam, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Suicide risk and suicide method in patients with personality disorders
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychiatric Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3956 .- 1879-1379. ; 83, s. 29-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The influence of psychopathology on suicide method has revealed different distributions among different psychiatric disorders. However, evidence is still scarce. We hypothesized that having a diagnosis of personality disorder (PD) affect the suicide method, and that different PD clusters would influence the suicide method in different ways. In addition, we hypothesized that the presence of psychiatric and somatic co-morbidity also affects the suicide method. Method: We examined 25,217 individuals aged 15-64 who had been hospitalized in Sweden with a main diagnosis of PD the years 1987-2013 (N = 25,217). The patients were followed from the date of first discharge until death or until the end of the follow-up period, i.e. December 31, 2013, for a total of 323,508.8 person-years, with a mean follow up time of 11.7 years. The SMR, i.e. the ratio between the observed number of suicides and the expected number of suicides, was used as a measure of risk. Results: Overall PD, different PD-clusters, and comorbidity influenced the suicide method. Hanging evidenced highest SMR in female PD patients (SMR 34.2 (95% CI: 29.3-39.8)), as compared to non-PD patients and jumping among male PD patients (SMR 24.8 (95% CI: 18.3-33.6)), as compared to non PD-patients. Furthermore, the elevated suicide risk was related to both psychiatric and somatic comorbidity. Conclusion: The increased suicide risk was unevenly distributed with respect to suicide method and type of PD. However, these differences were only moderate and greatly overshadowed by the overall excess suicide risk in having PD. Any attempt from society to decrease the suicide rate in persons with PD must take these characteristics into account.
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| 16. |
- DiSantostefano, Rachael L., et al.
(författare)
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Research Priorities to Increase Confidence in and Acceptance of Health Preference Research: What Questions Should be Prioritized Now?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Patient. - 1178-1653 .- 1178-1661. ; 17:2, s. 179-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThere has been an increase in the study and use of stated-preference methods to inform medicine development decisions. The objective of this study was to identify prioritized topics and questions relating to health preferences based on the perspective of members of the preference research community.MethodsPreference research stakeholders from industry, academia, consultancy, health technology assessment/regulatory, and patient organizations were recruited using professional networks and preference-targeted e-mail listservs and surveyed about their perspectives on 19 topics and questions for future studies that would increase acceptance of preference methods and their results by decision makers. The online survey consisted of an initial importance prioritization task, a best-worst scaling case 1 instrument, and open-ended questions. Rating counts were used for analysis. The best-worst scaling used a balanced incomplete block design.ResultsOne hundred and one participants responded to the survey invitation with 66 completing the best-worst scaling. The most important research topics related to the synthesis of preferences across studies, transferability across populations or related diseases, and method topics including comparison of methods and non-discrete choice experiment methods. Prioritization differences were found between respondents whose primary affiliation was academia versus other stakeholders. Academic researchers prioritized methodological/less studied topics; other stakeholders prioritized applied research topics relating to consistency of practice.ConclusionsAs the field of health preference research grows, there is a need to revisit and communicate previous work on preference selection and study design to ensure that new stakeholders are aware of this work and to update these works where necessary. These findings might encourage discussion and alignment among different stakeholders who might hold different research priorities. Research on the application of previous preference research to new contexts will also help increase the acceptance of health preference information by decision makers.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Hillier, Ladeana W, et al.
(författare)
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Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 432:7018, s. 695-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
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| 19. |
- Hjern, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Migrant density and well-being-A national school survey of 15-year-olds in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B - Oxford Open Option D. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 23:5, s. 823-828
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of migrant density in school on the well-being of pupils with a migrant origin in first as well as second generation. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of data from a national classroom survey of 15-year-old Swedish schoolchildren. The study population included 76 229 pupils (86.5% participation) with complete data set from 1352 schools. Six dimensions of well-being from the KIDSCREEN were analysed in two-level linear regression models to assess the influence of migrant origin at individual level and percentage of students with a migrant origin at school level, as well as interaction terms between them. Z-scores were used to equalize scales. Results: A high density (andgt; 50%) of pupils with a migrant origin in first or second generation was associated with positive well-being on all six scales for foreign-born pupils originating in Africa or Asia compared with schools with low (andlt; 10%) migrant density. The effect sizes were 0.56 for boys and 0.29 for girls on the comprehensive KIDSCREEN 10-index (P andlt; 0.001) and 0.61 and 0.34, respectively, for psychological well-being (P andlt; 0.001). Of the boys and girls born in Africa or Asia, 31.6% and 34.6%, respectively, reported being bullied during the past week in schools with low (andlt; 10%) migrant density. Conclusions: Pupils born in Africa or Asia are at high risk for being bullied and having impaired well-being in schools with few other migrant children. School interventions to improve peer relations and prevent bullying are needed to promote well-being in non-European migrant children.
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| 20. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Discrete Event Simulation with Lifecycle Assessment Data at a Juice Manufacturing System
- 2008
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Ingår i: 2008 5th International Conference on Simulation and Modelling in the Food and Bio-Industry, FOODSIM 2008; Dublin; Ireland; 26 June 2008 through 28 June 2008. ; , s. 165-169
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to measure and evaluate productivity and environmental parameters simultaneously and in consideration to each other, they need to be presented on the same basis and put up on the same table, at the same time. Otherwise, while considering only parts of the relevant parameters at a time, there is a great risk for sub-optimisation. The study presented in this paper shows one way of putting productivity parameters such as batch size, batch frequency, production planning, and resource management on the same table as environmental parameters such as emissions, waste and energy consumption. This is done through the use of lifecycle assessment in combination with discrete event simulation. The result gives an example of a sound basis for decision-making when changes are to be made in the juice production system at hand. The presented case study gives information on energy consumption, waste and pollutants such as CO2, NOx, SO2, and ethene generated from production of juice. Results show that some changes of the system improves both environment and productivity, others improves one and worsens the other!
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| 21. |
- Kadefors, Måns, et al.
(författare)
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Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 expression is not associated with an activated fibroblast phenotype in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Pharmacology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-9812. ; 13, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) has been proposed as a marker for activated fibroblasts in fibrotic disease. We aimed to investigate whether a profibrotic DPP4 phenotype is present in lung tissue from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The presence of DPP4 + fibroblasts in normal and IPF lung tissue was investigated using flow cytometry and immunohistology. In addition, the involvement of DPP4 in fibroblast activation was examined in vitro, using CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genetic inactivation to generate primary DPP4 knockout lung fibroblasts. We observed a reduced frequency of primary DPP4 + fibroblasts in IPF tissue using flow cytometry, and an absence of DPP4 + fibroblasts in pathohistological features of IPF. The in vivo observations were supported by results in vitro showing a decreased expression of DPP4 on normal and IPF fibroblasts after profibrotic stimuli (transforming growth factor β) and no effect on the expression of activation markers (α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I and connective tissue growth factor) upon knockout of DPP4 in lung fibroblasts with or without activation with profibrotic stimuli.
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| 22. |
- Khalili, Molly, 1996-, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes among women with spinal cord injury in Sweden 1997-2015 : A population-based cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 101:11, s. 1282-1290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to describe the rate of pregnancy in spinal cord injured women in Sweden as well as pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was based on data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register and the National Patient Register. The study population included women with spinal cord injury who gave birth in Sweden during the period 1997 to 2015. The general population was used as reference and included all non-spinal cord injured patients who gave birth during the same period of time.RESULTS: In the spinal cord injury group, 109 births were identified. Eighty-nine (82%) of them were among paraplegic women and 20 (18%) were among tetraplegic women. Women with spinal cord injury in our study population had urinary tract infections during pregnancy in five cases (5%) and anemia during pregnancy in nine cases (8%), compared with 0.2% and 4%, respectively, in the general population. Compared with the general population more deliveries were induced in the study population, 18 (17%) in the spinal cord injury group and 12% in the general population. Vaginal delivery was achieved in 52 (48%) of the births with 42 of them (39%) being non-instrumental and 10 (9%) being instrumental vaginal deliveries. Elective cesarean section rate was 34% (n = 37). Sixteen infants (15%) were born preterm (gestational week <37). We found an overall low rate of pregnancy and delivery complications.CONCLUSIONS: Our results show predominantly favorable outcomes of pregnancy and delivery in women with spinal cord injury as well as their infants. These results are in concordance with previous research.
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| 23. |
- Kääriälä, Antti, et al.
(författare)
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Early school leaving by children in out-of-home care : A comparative study of three Nordic countries
- 2018
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Ingår i: Children and youth services review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0190-7409 .- 1873-7765. ; 93, s. 186-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have reported that children and adolescents who have been placed in out-of-home care for the protection of their safety and welfare face considerably high risks for early school leaving. Our study adds to the literature by comparing the association between children's exposure to placement in care and lack of secondary education (i.e. post-compulsory education after age 16) across three Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. We use data from national registers for children born in 1987, following them until age 23. The datasets for Denmark (N = 55,995, of whom 3056 are in care), Finland (N = 58,855, of whom 1884 are in care), and Sweden (N = 100,152, of whom 3209 are in care) cover the entire birth cohort. To estimate and compare country-specific risks, we calculate average marginal effects from binary logistic regression and adjust the effects for birth mother's socio-economic and health-related background. As expected, the results show that in each country, children placed in care had a significantly higher risk for early school leaving. After adjusting for maternal background, young adults who experienced out-of-home care were 24 to 39 percentage points more likely than their peers never in care to have not completed secondary education. Those placed in care for the first time at teenage were the most likely to have low attainment. In Finland and Sweden, children in care had a similar excess risk for early school leaving, whereas in Denmark the risk was higher. We discuss these results and recommend developing effective interventions to improve the educational attainment of children in care. The difference between Denmark and the other two requires further investigation.
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| 24. |
- Lager, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Young people’s health : Health in Sweden: The National Public Health Report 2012. Chapter 3
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 40:9, s. 42-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present chapter discusses trends in public health among 16-24-year-olds – young people who are poised precariously between childhood and adult-hood. The group includes upper-secondary school pupils and young people who have gone on to higher education or work.
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| 25. |
- Landtblom, Anne-Marie, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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A case report of plasmapheresis treatment in a patient with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and high anti-Yo antibody titers
- 2008
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Ingår i: Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis. - : Wiley. - 1744-9979 .- 1744-9987. ; 12:1, s. 82-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A patient with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration due to anti-Purkinje cell antibodies (anti-Yo) arising from ovarian carcinoma with metastases was treated with three plasmapheresis (PP) series (a total of 22 PP treatments) over one year and was monitored by repeated otoneurological testing, balance tests and clinical investigations. Blood samples for antibody titers were checked on several occasions. Initially there was a weak clinical response and significantly improved test results regarding the caloric response, as well as a possible effect on visual suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex after caloric ear irrigation. After the first series of PP treatment, new metastases were found. A half year later there was a progressive course with increasing general symptoms. Serology tests showed continuously high titers of anti-Yo antibody, although somewhat lower after PP. We thus report a minor and short-lived effect of PP, possibly inhibited by the natural course of metastatic disease. © 2008 International Society for Apheresis.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Leander, Karen, et al.
(författare)
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Våld
- 2009
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Ingår i: Folkhälsorapport 2009. - Stockholm : Socialstyrelsen. ; , s. 339-372
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 28. |
- Modin, Bitte, et al.
(författare)
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School Contextual Features of Social Disorder and Mental Health Complaints—A Multilevel Analysis of Swedish Sixth-Grade Students
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study addressed school-contextual features of social disorder in relation to sixth-grade students' experiences of bullying victimization and mental health complaints. It investigated, firstly, whether the school's concentrations of behavioural problems were associated with individual students' likelihood of being bullied, and secondly, whether the school's concentrations of behavioural problems and bullying victimization predicted students' emotional and psychosomatic health complaints. The data were derived from the Swedish National Survey of Mental Health among Children and Young People, carried out among sixth-grade students (approximately 12-13 years old) in Sweden in 2009. The analyses were based on information from 59,510 students distributed across 1999 schools. The statistical method used was multilevel modelling. While students' own behavioural problems were associated with an elevated risk of being bullied, attending a school with a higher concentration of students with behavioural problems also increased the likelihood of being bullied. Attending a school with higher levels of bullying victimization and behavioural problems predicted more emotional and psychosomatic complaints, even when adjusting for their individual level analogues. The findings indicate that school-level features of social disorder influence bullying victimization and mental health complaints among students.
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| 29. |
- Mörndal, Marie, 1955-
(författare)
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"Vi måste takta!" : En studie av organisering för samverkan.
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Organizational collaboration is perceived as a positive phenomenon in the public sector and is often seen as a way of facing societal challenges despite limited resources. This positive view on organizational collaboration seems to persist, although research shows that collaborative projects bring various difficulties. These are related to boundaries, both between organizations and professions. How boundaries are understood and managed are thus central aspects of organizing for collaboration. This thesis describes and discusses the preparation – the organizing – for collaboration and the purpose of the thesis is to explore and deepen an understanding of the practice developed in organizing for collaboration.A municipality’s work to improve internal collaboration and prepare for external collaboration has been studied. The work was led by two project managers in collaboration with various members of the municipality. A practice-oriented approach has been applied, which involves a focus on the activities carried out during the organizing work. The empirical material was created through participatory observations of the project managers’ work.The project managers’ practice developed into five activity patterns called planning, navigating, interacting, documenting and, what in Swedish was called, “takta”. The term “takta” was used to denote activities related to adaptation and synchronization to the municipality’s activities; to pace the activities.The analysis shows that the activity pattern of pacing was a superior activity pattern that managed and organized the other four patterns. The concept pacing contributes to the understanding of how activities create rhythms in an organization and how these are adapted to the overall pace. People responsible for pacing must be aware of the rhythms of other activities that affect the pacing. Pacing is a complex concept that can be described in several dimensions: temporal, social, boundary-crossing, emotional, holistic, and in a situated dimension. These dimensions contribute to the understanding of how pacing is done, what it means when pacing and also facilitate an analysis when pacing fails.The conclusion of the thesis is that an awareness of pacing activities in organizing across boundaries increases the opportunities to implement activities in the “right” order, time and place. Thus, the multidimensional concept of pacing may be used as a planning-tool when organizing across boundaries and as an analytical instrument when the organizing becomes unsynchronized with other activities. A practice-oriented perspective enables the exploration of the activity patterns created in organizing for collaboration and increases the understanding of how organizing across boundaries is done.
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| 30. |
- Schepull, Thorsten, et al.
(författare)
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Autologous Platelets Have No Effect on the Healing of Human Achilles Tendon Ruptures A Randomized Single-Blind Study
- 2011
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Ingår i: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE. - : American Journal of Sports Medicine. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 39:1, s. 38-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Animal studies have shown that local application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) stimulates tendon repair. Preliminary results from a retrospective case series have shown faster return to sports. Hypothesis: Autologous PRP stimulates healing of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Thirty patients were recruited consecutively. During surgery, tantalum beads were implanted in the Achilles tendon proximal and distal to the rupture. Before skin suture, randomization was performed, and 16 patients were injected with 10 mL PRP (10 times higher platelet concentration than peripheral blood) whereas 14 were not. With 3-dimensional radiographs (roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis; RSA), the distance between the beads was measured at 7, 19, and 52 weeks while the patient resisted different dorsal flexion moments over the ankle joint, thereby estimating tendon strain per load. An estimate of elasticity modulus was calculated using callus dimensions from computed tomography. At 1 year, functional outcome was evaluated, including the heel raise index and Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score. The primary effect variables were elasticity modulus at 7 weeks and heel raise index at 1 year. Results: The mechanical variables showed a large degree of variation between patients that could not be explained by measuring error. No significant group differences in elasticity modulus could be shown. There was no significant difference in heel raise index. The Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score was lower in the PRP group, suggesting a detrimental effect. There was a correlation between the elasticity modulus at 7 and 19 weeks and the heel raise index at 52 weeks. Conclusion: The results suggest that PRP is not useful for treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures. The variation in elasticity modulus provides biologically relevant information, although it is unclear how early biomechanics is connected to late clinical results.
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| 31. |
- Skogens, Lisa, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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A 30-year follow-up of substnace misusers in Sweden – differences and predictors of mortality between women and men
- 2019
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Ingår i: Addiction Research and Theory. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1606-6359 .- 1476-7392. ; 27:4, s. 328-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Differing results on gender specific factors related to mortality risks among substance misusers highlights the need for further research. The present article is based on a 30-year follow-up study on substance misusers treated in residential care for drug problems in Sweden in 1982-1983 aiming to identify and compare gender differences in predictors of mortality.Method: Original data consists of personal interviews with 1163 substance misusers treated in inpatient units in Sweden during 1982-1983. The outcome variable is death retrieved from the National Cause of Death Register held by the National Board of Health and Welfare. Gender differences and similarities regarding predictors of mortality was estimated in univariate and multivariate models, using Cox proportional hazards models.Results: School failure, imprisonment and being a parent without custody of the child seem to constitute risk factors for mortality among women, but not among men. A social network of friends seemed to be more important for men. Treatment-dropout was a significant risk factor for premature death among men, but not among women. Both gender reporting alcohol as their self-reported most dominant substance misuse showed higher mortality risks compared with those with stimulants as dominant substance misuse.Conclusions: Imprisonment was highly predictive of mortality for the women, suggesting that this group is important to pay particular attention to. Suggested differences in the importance of social factors need to be investigated more thoroughly. The substantial hazard revealed for women with polydrug misuse including alcohol calls for attention to this in treatment for substance misuse.
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| 32. |
- Tynngård, Nahreen, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of intercept pathogen inactivation on platelet function as analysed by free oscillation rheometry
- 2008
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Ingår i: Transfusion and apheresis science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1473-0502 .- 1878-1683. ; 38:1, s. 85-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The Intercept Blood System, using InterSol as additive solution, is used for inactivation of contaminating pathogens in PCs, thus reducing the risk for transfusion transmitted infection and making it possible to prolong the storage period. This study aimed at investigating the ability of Intercept treated platelets to induce clot formation, as measured by coagulation time using free oscillation rheometry (FOR), and to compare with that of platelets in concentrates with the additive solution T-Sol or plasma. Methods: Seventy-four single-donor platelet units were diluted in InterSol (n = 27) or T-Sol (n = 47) to a mean plasma concentration of 38%. The Intercept treatment was performed by addition of amotosalen HCl to the InterSol PCs followed by UVA irradiation and treatment with a compound adsorption device (CAD). Forty-six units were collected and stored in 100% plasma for comparison. Clotting time was measured by FOR in fresh PCs (within 26 h after collection) after stimulation by a platelet activator. Soluble P-selectin was analysed as a marker of platelet activation in the Intercept and T-Sol PCs. Results: The clotting time was shorter for Intercept treated platelets compared to platelets in T-Sol and plasma (p < 0.05). There was no difference in clotting time between T-Sol and plasma PCs. Soluble P-selectin was higher for Intercept platelets than platelets in T-Sol (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The platelets treated with the Intercept procedure had good clot promoting capacity.
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| 33. |
- Tynngård, Nahreen, et al.
(författare)
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In vitro function of platelets treated with ultraviolet C light for pathogen inactivation: a comparative study with nonirradiated and gamma-irradiated platelets
- 2015
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Ingår i: Transfusion. - : Wiley: 12 months. - 0041-1132 .- 1537-2995. ; 55:6, s. 1169-1177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDuring storage of platelet concentrates (PCs) replication of contaminating pathogens might occur, which can be prevented by various pathogen inactivation (PI) methods using photoactive substances in combination with ultraviolet (UV) light. A new method uses only UVC light for PI without photoactive substances. This study evaluates the in vitro function, including hemostatic properties (clot formation and elasticity), of platelets (PLTs) treated with UVC light. Study Design and MethodsA PC with 35% plasma and 65% PLT additive solution (SSP+) was prepared from five buffy coats. Three PCs were pooled and divided into 3units. One unit was used as a nonirradiated control, the second was a gamma-irradiated control, and the third unit was treated with UVC light. In vitro variables including analysis of coagulation by free oscillation rheometry were analyzed on Days 1, 5, and 7 of storage. Ten units in each group were investigated. ResultsSwirling was well preserved, and the pH level was higher than the reference limit (6.4) during storage of PLTs in all groups. Glycolysis and PLT activation were higher for UVC-treated PLTs but the clot-forming capacity was unaffected. However, immediately after UVC treatment, the clot elastic properties were slightly affected. Hypotonic shock response decreased immediately after UVC treatment but recovered partly during the storage period. ConclusionUVC treatment affected the in vitro properties, but PLT quality and storage stability were well preserved for up to 7 days, and the in vitro hemostatic capacity of UVC-treated PLTs was only minimally altered. The clinical relevance of these changes needs to be evaluated in controlled trials.
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| 34. |
- Tynngård, Nahreen, et al.
(författare)
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In vitro properties of platelets stored in a small container for pediatric transfusion
- 2014
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Ingår i: Transfusion. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0041-1132 .- 1537-2995. ; 54:6, s. 1562-1568
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:The quality of a platelet (PLT) concentrate (PC) is affected by the number of PLTs in relation to the size and gas permeability of the container. This study evaluates the in vitro function, including hemostatic properties (clot formation and elasticity), of PLTs stored in a container of standard or small size.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:PCs with 30% plasma and 70% PLT additive solution were prepared from buffy coats. Two PCs were pooled and divided into the following containers: 1 unit and ½ a unit into a 1.8-L container (reference container) and ½ a unit into a 0.45-L container (test container). In a second set of experiments ¼ of a unit was stored in the reference and test containers. Swirling, PLT count, blood gases, metabolic variables, PLT activation markers, hypotonic shock response (HSR), and coagulation by free oscillation rheometry were analyzed during 7 days of storage.RESULTS:Swirling was well preserved and pH was acceptable (6.4-7.4) during storage of PLTs in both containers. Glycolysis and PLT activation were higher when storing ½ and ¼ of a unit in the reference container and storage of ¼ of a unit in the reference container resulted in the largest decrease in HSR. The clotting time was similar whereas the clot elasticity was slightly lower for PLTs when stored as ½ and ¼ of a unit in the reference container.CONCLUSION:Storage of a low number of PLTs benefits by storage in a small container in terms of better maintained in vitro properties.
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| 35. |
- Tynngård, Nahreen, et al.
(författare)
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In vitro properties of platelets stored in three different additive solutions
- 2012
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Ingår i: Transfusion. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0041-1132 .- 1537-2995. ; 52:5, s. 1003-1009
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: New platelet (PLT) additive solutions (PASs) contain compounds that might improve the storage conditions for PLTs. This study compares the in vitro function, including hemostatic properties (clot formation and elasticity), of PLTs in T-Sol, Composol, or SSP+ during storage for 5 days. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Fifteen buffy coats were pooled and divided into three parts. PLT concentrates (PCs) with 30% plasma and 70% PAS (T-Sol, Composol, or SSP+) were prepared (n = 10). Swirling, PLT count, blood gases, metabolic variables, PLT activation markers, and coagulation by free oscillation rheometry (FOR) were analyzed on Days 1 and 5. RESULTS: Swirling was well preserved and pH acceptable (6.4-7.4) during storage for all PASs. Storage of PLTs in T-Sol led to a decrease in PLT count whereas the number of PLTs was unchanged in Composol or SSP+ PCs. PLTs in T-Sol showed higher glucose metabolism than PLTs in Composol or in SSP+. At the end of storage PLTs in T-Sol had higher spontaneous activation and lower ability to respond to an agonist than PLTs in Composol or SSP+. PLTs in all the PASs had a similar ability to promote clot formation and clot elasticity. CONCLUSION: Storage of PLTs in Composol or in SSP+ improved the quality of PCs in terms of better maintained PLT count, lower glucose metabolism, lower spontaneous activation, and improved response to a PLT agonist compared to PLTs in T-Sol. PLTs stored in the various PASs had similar hemostatic properties. These findings make Composol and SSP+ interesting alternatives as PASs.
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| 36. |
- Tynngård, Nahreen, et al.
(författare)
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Platelet quality after washing: the effect of storage time before washing
- 2010
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Ingår i: TRANSFUSION. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0041-1132. ; 50:12, s. 2745-2752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Patients who have experienced anaphylactic transfusion reactions receive washed platelet (PLT) concentrates (PCs) where the plasma has been substituted with a PLT additive solution. This study compares the in vitro quality of PCs washed at the beginning of the storage period (Day 1) to PCs washed at the end of storage (Day 7). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PLTs were prepared by the buffy coat procedure. Two concentrates were pooled and then split to obtain an identical pair of PCs. One of the PCs was washed with T-Sol on Day 1 and the other on Day 7 of storage. Swirling, blood gases, and metabolic variables were analyzed before washing. Analyses of surface expression of CD62P and coagulation by free oscillation rheometry (FOR) were performed before and after washing. RESULTS: pH was acceptable in all PCs. Washing on Days 1 and 7 increased the CD62P surface expression. The FOR variables clotting time and clot retraction were not influenced by washing on either day. Washing resulted in a decrease in the number of PLTs and the decrease was larger on Day 7 compared to Day 1. CONCLUSIONS: PLTs washed on Days 1 and 7 of storage are effected by washing in a similar manner. However, a larger loss of PLTs occurred during washing on Day 7.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Tynngård, Nahreen, et al.
(författare)
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Storage-induced change in platelet transfusion response evaluated by serial transfusions from one donor to one patient
- 2019
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Ingår i: Transfusion. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0041-1132 .- 1537-2995. ; 59:2, s. 723-728
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUNDStorage of platelet concentrates (PCs) results in storage lesions with possible detrimental effects on platelet recovery after transfusion, which might affect their ability to prevent or arrest bleeding. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of PCs stored for 1 to 3 or 5 to 7 days by assessing the corrected count increment (CCI) after transfusion. To isolate the effects of storage time, we studied serial transfusions of PCs obtained from one donor and one donation, and transfused to one single recipient after storage for 1 to 3 days and 5 to 7 days.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPlatelets were obtained from one donor by apheresis, divided into two units (>240 × 109platelets/unit) and stored for 1 to 3 and 5 to 7 days, respectively, before transfusion. The PCs were transfused on normal indications to patients undergoing treatment at the hematology ward. Platelet count was measured before and after transfusion.RESULTSThirty patients concluded the study according to the protocol. The mean storage time was 2.4 ± 0.7 and 5.7 ± 0.8 days for platelets transfused on Days 1 to 3 and 5 to 7, respectively. Storage for 5 to 7 days decreased the 1‐hour transfusion response as compared to platelets stored 1 to 3 days, from a CCI of 17 ± 7 to 13 ± 5. Despite this decrease, 86% of the 5 to 7 days stored PCs resulted in a CCI above the cutoff value for a successful transfusion of 7.5, which was not significantly different to PCs stored for 1 to 3 days.CONCLUSIONStorage of PCs for 5 to 7 days only slightly altered the transfusion response.
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| 39. |
- Tynngård, Nahreen, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of gamma irradiation on the quality of apheresis platelets during storage for 7 days
- 2008
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Ingår i: Transfusion. - : Wiley. - 0041-1132 .- 1537-2995. ; 48:8, s. 1669-1675
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:This study compares the quality of gamma-irradiated versus nonirradiated platelet (PLT) concentrates (PCs) during storage for 7 days as assessed by various in vitro methods. A new technique, free oscillation rheometry (FOR), which measures clotting time and coagulum elasticity, was also used to evaluate the PLT function. Study design and methods: Single-donor PLTs were collected by apheresis technique (n = 20). The PLTs from each donor were divided into two PCs, one gamma-irradiated with 25 Gy and the other used as a nonirradiated control. Blood gases, metabolic variables, and swirling were analyzed from Day 0. Samples taken on Days 1, 5, and 7 were also analyzed for hypotonic shock response (HSR), P-selectin, and glycoprotein (GP)Ib expression by flow cytometry and coagulation by FOR. Results: Swirling, HSR, and the percentage of GPIb-expressing cells were well maintained for 7 days of storage. pH was always within accepted range (6.4-7.4). Glucose decreased and lactate increased during the storage period (p < 0.05). P-selectin expression increased during storage (p < 0.05). The FOR clotting time remained constant, whereas the build-up of elasticity was slower after storage (p < 0.05). No difference was found between irradiated and nonirradiated PCs. Conclusion: The results indicate a well-preserved quality of gamma-irradiated apheresis PLTs during storage for 7 days as assessed by in vitro methods, with no difference compared to nonirradiated PLTs.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Tynngård, Nahreen, et al.
(författare)
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The quality of platelet concentrates produced by COBE Spectra and Trima Accel during storage for 7 days as assessed by in vitro methods
- 2008
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Ingår i: Transfusion. - : Wiley. - 0041-1132 .- 1537-2995. ; 48:4, s. 715-722
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The quality of PLT concentrates (PCs) can be evaluated using various in vitro methods. A new technique, free oscillation rheometry (FOR), can be used to monitor coagulation properties of PCs and gives information on clotting time and coagulum elasticity. This study compared the quality of apheresis PCs produced by COBE Spectra and Trima Accel during storage for 7 days using in vitro tests including FOR. Study design and methods: Apheresis PCs were collected with the COBE Spectra (n=10) and Trima Accel (n=10) cell separators. Swirling, blood gases and metabolic parameters were analyzed on day 0. Samples taken on day 1, 5 and 7 were also analyzed for hypotonic shock response (HSR), P-selectin and GPIb expression and evaluation of coagulation by FOR. Results: Swirling, HSR and percent GPIb expressing PLTs were well maintained for 7 days whereas glucose decreased and lactate increased significantly during storage for both Spectra and Trima PCs. Percent P-selectin expressing cells increased to the same extent in both types of PCs during storage. pH increased between day 0 and 1 but then decreased. The clotting time remained constant throughout the storage period whereas the development of elasticity was reduced on day 5 and 7 compared to day 1 (p<0.05) for both types of PCs. Conclusion: The results indicate that the PLT quality after storage for 7 days is well preserved although activation of PLTs occurs during storage as assessed by in vitro tests. No difference in platelet quality was observed between Spectra and Trima produced PCs.
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| 42. |
- von Greiff, Ninive, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality and Cause of DeathA 30-Year Follow-Up of Substance Misusers in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 53:12, s. 2043-2051
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This article presents a 30-year follow-up study of a cohort of 1163 substance misusers who were in inpatient treatment in the early 1980s. Data was originally collected in the Swedish Drug Addict Treatment Evaluation (SWEDATE). Objectives: The aim is to examine the overall mortality and identify causes of death in different groups based on self-reported most dominant substance misuse among those who have died during January 1984-December 2013. Methods: SWEDATE-data was linked to the National Cause of Death Register. Five mutually exclusive study groups were created based on self-reported most dominant substance misuse for the last 12 months before intake to treatment: Alcohol, Cannabis, Stimulants, Opiates, and Other. The Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) was calculated. Results: During the follow-up, 40% died. SMR is 10.3 for women and 11.7 for men. The study groups differed regarding SMR; 13.1 in the Alcohol group, 9.2 in the Cannabis group, 9.6 in the Stimulants group, 16.7 in the Opiates group and 10.8 in the Other group. Drug related death was the most common cause of death (28% only underlying, 19% both underlying and contributing) followed by alcohol related reasons (17% vs. 9%). Conclusions: Alcohol misuse among substance abusers might have a negative impact on mortality rates. Methodological changes in how drug related deaths is registered affects the interpretation of the statistics of cause of death. Further analysis on the relation between drug related cause of death and drug misuse related death is needed.
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| 43. |
- von Greiff, Ninive, et al.
(författare)
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Social inclusion of clients treated for substance abuse in Sweden in the 1980s : A 27-year follow-up
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : SAGE Publications. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 36:4, s. 314-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate social inclusion/exclusion in terms of criminality, substance abuse and participation in the labour market in clients treated for substance abuse in Sweden in the 1980s during a follow-up period of 27 years.Method: SWEDATE data are used for background information on the clients. The data were collected through interviews with clients registered for treatment in 31 in-patient treatment units in 1982 and 1983. Data on labour market status, education and medication related to drugs were collected from public registers. The study population consisted of 1132 individuals, who were followed from the year after exiting from treatment (Year 1) until the end of the follow-up (December 2013).Results: Among those who survived, the women seem to have succeeded better in terms of social inclusion both at an aggregated level and when the individual pathways were followed during the follow-up period. When comparing pathways between adverse and non-adverse groups during the follow-up period the results show movements from being adverse to non-adverse but also the opposite. In the last follow-up in 2013, the majority of the clients defined as non-adverse for the last nine years were in some way established in the labour market (including studies). In total, about two fifths of the group were in some way established in the labour market.Conclusions: The fairly high proportion of clients moving between being adverse and non-adverse during the follow-up might support the perspective suggesting that dependence should not be considered as chronic.
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| 44. |
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