| 1. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Cadmium accumulation and Salix-based phytoextraction on arable land in Sweden
- 2004
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Ingår i: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8809 .- 1873-2305. ; 103:1, s. 207-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cadmium accumulation in arable soils causes concern due to possible direct environmental effects and health risks associated with exposure of humans to cadmium through agricultural products. This paper discusses the problem of cadmium accumulation in Swedish arable land, and evaluates Salix (Salix vinimalis) cultivation as a tool for addressing the problem. It is found that Salix cultivation offers an effective option for addressing the cadmium accumulation, especially when the topsoil has high cadmium content due to anthropogenic inflows, and the subsoil naturally contains little cadmium. The estimated practical potential for Salix-based cadmium management (ca. 490 000 ha) is very large compared to the present Salix plantation area in Sweden (ca. 15 000 ha). However, the estimates of the net economic value of cadmium removal from arable land indicate that the economics of Salix production will not improve dramatically due to an induced cadmium removal. Salix-based cadmium management will therefore most likely take place in counties where Salix cultivation can be expected to expand as a response to an unfilled biomass demand in the energy sector. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Cintas Sanchez, Olivia, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon balances of bioenergy systems using biomass from forests managed with long rotations: bridging the gap between stand and landscape assessments
- 2017
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Ingår i: GCB Bioenergy. - : Wiley. - 1757-1707 .- 1757-1693. ; 9:7, s. 1238-1251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies report different findings concerning the climate benefits of bioenergy, in part due to varying scope and use of different approaches to define spatial and temporal system boundaries. We quantify carbon balances for bioenergy systems that use biomass from forests managed with long rotations, employing different approaches and boundary conditions. Two approaches to represent landscapes and quantify their carbon balances - expanding vs. constant spatial boundaries - are compared. We show that for a conceptual forest landscape, constructed by combining a series of time-shifted forest stands, the two approaches sometimes yield different results. We argue that the approach that uses constant spatial boundaries is preferable because it captures all carbon flows in the landscape throughout the accounting period. The approach that uses expanding system boundaries fails to accurately describe the carbon fluxes in the landscape due to incomplete coverage of carbon flows and influence of the stand-level dynamics, which in turn arise from the way temporal system boundaries are defined on the stand level. Modelling of profit-driven forest management using location-specific forest data shows that the implications for carbon balance of management changes across the landscape ( which are partly neglected when expanding system boundaries are used) depend on many factors such as forest structure and forest owners' expectations of market development for bioenergy and other wood products. Assessments should not consider forest-based bioenergy in isolation but should ideally consider all forest products and how forest management planning as a whole is affected by bioenergy incentives - and how this in turn affects carbon balances in forest landscapes and forest product pools. Due to uncertainties, we modelled several alternative scenarios for forest products markets. We recommend that future work consider alternative scenarios for other critical factors, such as policy options and energy technology pathways.
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| 5. |
- Cintas Sanchez, Olivia, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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THE CLIMATE BENEFITS OF INCREASED FOREST BIOENERGY USE IN SWEDEN: EVALUATION AT DIFFERENT SCALES
- 2014
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Ingår i: World Bioenergy 2014 Proceedings. ; , s. 133-139
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest bioenergy has gained attention as an alternative to replace fossil fuels and mitigate climate change; however, in recent years its climate benefit has been questioned. The aim of this paper is to (i) present results from an assessment of the carbon (C) balance for Swedish bioenergy systems that use forest biomass from long-rotation forestry as feedstock; (ii) show how methodological choices and assumptions influence the outcome of the assessment; and (iii) discuss the climate effect of increasing forest harvest for energy use in Sweden. To achieve this purpose, an assessment framework is developed which consists of two linked models: the first one is the Q model, used to quantify the biogenic C balances associated with forest management and the second one is the CAfBio, used to account for forest product flows up to the point when the C is released into the atmosphere. Modeling results depend on many factors, with some important ones being harvest intensity, changes in forest management and the emissions intensity of the baseline scenario, which determines the C savings from using forest products. However, the results of the study support the conclusion that increased use of forest biomass for bioenergy can deliver substantial C savings.
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| 6. |
- Cintas Sanchez, Olivia, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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The climate effect of increased forest bioenergy use in Sweden: evaluation at different spatial and temporal scales
- 2016
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Ingår i: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment. - : Wiley. - 2041-8396 .- 2041-840X. ; 5:3, s. 351-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioenergy from boreal forests managed for productive purposes (e.g., pulp, timber) is commonly held to offer attractive options for climate change mitigation. However, this view has been challenged in recent years. Carbon balances, cumulative radiative forcing, and average global temperature change have been calculated for a variety of bioenergy management regimes in Swedish forests and the results support the view that an increased use of forest biomass for energy in Sweden can contribute to climate change mitigation, although methodological (e.g. spatial scales) and parameter value choices influence the results significantly. We show that the climate effect of forest-based bioenergy depends on the forest ecosystems and management, including biomass extraction for bioenergy and other products, and how this management changes in response to anticipated market demands; and on the energy system effects, which determine the fossil carbon displacement and other greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation effects of using forest biomass for bioenergy and other purposes. The public and private sectors are advised to consider information from comprehensive analyses that provide insights about energy and forest systems in the context of evolving forest product markets, alternative policy options, and energy technology pathways in their decision-making processes.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Englund, Oskar, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Impact Assessments: Suitable for supporting assessments of biofuel sustainability?
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The European Union requires that 10% of the energy in the transport sector shall come from renewable sources by 2020. In addition, biofuels used for transport need to fulfill certain sustainability requirements set out in the Renewable Energy Directive (RED). To meet these requirements, the EU will need to produce and import large amounts of sustainable biofuels. Therefore, there is a need for ways to verify the sustainability of imported biofuels, so that unsustainable biofuels can be avoided. One strategy may involve analyzing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reports (EIRs) conducted for specific biofuel projects. For EIRs to be useful as such information sources they need to be sufficiently comprehensive in relation to the RED but also sufficiently reliable.In this study, 19 biofuel project EIRs are analyzed with respect to how they cover the RED sustainability considerations. In addition, EIA legislation, requirements, quality, and enforcement are discussed to determine not only whether EIRs can be sufficiently comprehensive, but also sufficiently reliable for supporting information to studies intended to assess the sustainability of biofuels, from an RED perspective.Notable differences between EIRs for different types of projects were found. EIRs for projects including both plantation establishment and the construction of a biofuel plant had better RED coverage than EIRs for projects including either the plantations or the biofuel plant. As might be expected, EIAs for “plantation projects” generally leave out features related to biofuel processing, and EIAs for “biofuel plant” projects generally leave out features related to feedstock production.In general, EIA legislation is insufficient and most target countries seem to have rather low potential to enforce legislation. Several additional EIA-related problems need to be overcome in order for EIRs to be regarded as sufficiently reliable information tools.
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| 9. |
- Englund, Oskar, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Meeting Sustainability Requirements for SRC Bioenergy: Usefulness of Existing Tools, Responsibilities of Involved Stakeholders, and Recommendations for Further Developments
- 2012
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Ingår i: Bioenergy Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1939-1234 .- 1939-1242. ; 5:3, s. 606-620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Short rotation coppice (SRC) is considered an important biomass supply option for meeting the European renewable energy targets. This paper presents an overview of existing and prospective sustainability requirements, Member State reporting obligations and parts of the methodology for calculating GHG emissions savings within the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED), and shows how these RED-associated sustainability criteria may affect different stakeholders along SRC bioenergy supply chains. Existing and prospective tools are assessed on their usefulness in ensuring that SRC bioenergy is produced with sufficient consideration given to the RED-associated criteria. A sustainability framework is outlined that aims at (1) facilitating the development of SRC production systems that are attractive from the perspectives of all stakeholders, and (2) ensuring that the SRC production is RED eligible. Producer manuals, EIAs, and voluntary certification schemes can all be useful for ensuring RED eligibility. However, they are currently not sufficiently comprehensive, neither individually nor combined, and suggestions for how they can be more complementary are given. Geographical information systems offer opportunities for administrative authorities to provide stakeholders with maps or databases over areas/fields suitable for RED-eligible SRC cultivation. However, proper consideration of all relevant aspects requires that all stakeholders in the SRC supply chain become engaged in the development of SRC production systems and that a landscape perspective is used.
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| 10. |
- Ostwald, Madelene, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Can India’s wasteland be used for biomass plantations?
- 2015
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- How much of India’s vast wasteland can be used for growing plants such as eucalyptus and Jatropha? As land demands have increased, the sustainable use of marginal lands has become increasingly important. In India about 47 million hectares, or 15 percent of the total geographical area, is classified as wastelands. Here we assess the climate and land quality requirements of eucalyptus, a commonly used plantation tree, and Jatropha, a much-discussed biodiesel crop. We find that roughly half of the degraded lands are suitable for growing eucalyptus and/or Jatropha.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Rootzén, Johan, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon Sequestration Versus Bioenergy: A Case Study From South India Exploring The Relative Land Use Efficiency Of Two Options For Climate Change Mitigation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Biomass & Bioenergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 34:1, s. 116-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This case study has been carried out as a comparison between two different land-use strategies for climate change mitigation, with possible application within the Clean Development Mechanisms. The benefits of afforestation for carbon sequestration versus for bioenergy production are compared in the context of development planning to meet increasing domestic and agricultural demand for electricity in Hosahalli village, Karnataka, India. One option is to increase the local biomass based electricity generation, requiring an increased biomass plantation area. This option is compared with fossil based electricity generation where the area is instead used for producing wood for non-energy purposes while also sequestering carbon in the soil and standing biomass. The different options have been assessed using the PRO-COMAPmodel. The ranking of the different options varies depending on the system boundaries and time period. Results indicate that, in the short term (30 years) perspective, the mitigation potential of the long rotation plantation is largest, followed by the short rotation plantation delivering wood for energy. The bioenergy option is however preferred if a long-term view is taken. Short rotation forests delivering wood for short-lived non-energy products have the smallest mitigation potential, unless a large share of the wood products are used for energy purposes (replacing fossil fuels) after having served their initial purpose. If managed in a sustainable manner all of these strategies can contribute to the improvement of the social and environmental situation of the local community.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Amatayakul, Wathanyu, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Determining factor for the development of CDM biomass power projects
- 2012
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Ingår i: Energy for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-4669 .- 0973-0826. ; 16:2, s. 197-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a hypothesis that government's guarantee of power purchase rather than guarantee of carbon credit purchase determines the development of CDM biomass power projects in developing countries is tested by an empirical analysis using objective indicators and by an econometric analysis. The empirical analysis shows that there are indications that guarantee of power purchase rather than guarantee of access to sell carbon credits or guarantee of carbon credit purchase determines the development of a large percentage of registered CDM bagasse power projects in Brazil, India and Thailand. The result from the econometric analysis supports the hypothesis. The result also suggests that power purchase guarantee significantly determines whether or not there is development of a CDM biomass power project based on agricultural residues in a country. This suggests that implementing policies and regulations that guarantee an access for biomass power developers to sell electricity to the grid at an attractive price could lead to the development of biomass power projects in a larger number of developing countries.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Amatayakul, Wathanyu, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Fuel ethanol program in Thailand: energy, agricultural, and environmental trade-offs and prospects for CO2 abatement
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Energy for Sustainable Development. - 2352-4669 .- 0973-0826. ; 11:3, s. 51-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thailand has established an ethanol program with a target of replacing all conventional gasoline with E10 gasohol (gasoline containing 10% by volume of ethanol) by 2012. This paper assesses the impacts of achieving the target on (1) land-use change, (2) trade balance, (3) gasoline and associated food crop self-sufficiency, and (4) GHG emissions. In addition, the abatement cost of replacing gasoline with gasohol (additional cost of supplying gasohol) and the tax revenue forgone in implementing the program are estimated. Finally, in order to obtain insights in relation to the prospects of the national program vs. project-based Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) for CO2 abatement, the ethanol program is compared with specific biofuel projects. We find that achieving the ethanol program target can lead to a significant improvement in the gasoline self-sufficiency rate (from 10 to 20%) and significantly reduce GHG emissions (corresponding to 2% of the total energy-related CO2 emissions in 2004) over the period of 2005-2012. The ethanol program can induce a significant (up to 200,000 ha in magnitude) transition from food crop production (mainly corn and rice) to cassava production for ethanol leading to a reduction in the self-sufficiency rates of associated food crops. But the crop self-sufficiency rates would still be above 100% and Thailand's agricultural sector should be able to accommodate the present program target. Whether and to what extent the program leads to an improvement in the trade balance depends substantially on fuel and agricultural prices, sources of cassava supply, and responses of refineries to decreased gasoline demand. The annual average gasoline substitution cost is estimated at 25-195 US$/tCO2e, which is high compared with the price of project-based certified emission reductions traded during 2006 but low compared with estimates of the cost of substituting biofuels for fossil fuels in Europe. The tax revenue forgone is estimated at 2-4 times the gasoline substitution cost. Thailand's ethanol program illustrates that under dynamic government support, it may not be possible to identify the additionality of CDM projects for biofuel production and blending with fossil fuels. Implementing national programs as the basis for carbon credits could avoid the issues of double-counting and also have other advantages. © 2007 International Energy Initiative, Inc.
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| 18. |
- Axelsson, Lisa, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Jatropha cultivation in southern India: assessing farmers experiences
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. - : John Wiley and Sons. - 1932-104X .- 1932-1031. ; 6:3, s. 246-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Together with 106 farmers who started growing Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) in 20042006, this research sought to increase the knowledge around the real-life experience of Jatropha farming in the southern India states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Launched as an alternative for diesel in India, Jatropha has been promoted as a non-edible plant that could grow on poor soils, yield oil-rich seeds for production of bio-diesel, and not compete directly with food production. Through interviews with the farmers, information was gathered regarding their socio-economic situation, the implementation and performance of their Jatropha plantations, and their reasons for continuing or discontinuing Jatropha cultivation. Results reveal that 82% of the farmers had substituted former cropland for their Jatropha cultivation. By 2010, 85% (n = 90) of the farmers who cultivated Jatropha in 2004 had stopped. Cultivating the crop did not give the economic returns the farmers anticipated, mainly due to a lack of information about the crop and its maintenance during cultivation and due to water scarcity. A majority of the farmers irrigated and applied fertilizer, and even pesticides. Many problems experienced by the farmers were due to limited knowledge about cultivating Jatropha caused by poor planning and implementation of the national Jatropha program. Extension services, subsidies, and other support were not provided as promised. The farmers who continued cultivation had means of income other than Jatropha and held hopes of a future Jatropha market. The lack of market structures, such as purchase agreements and buyers, as well as a low retail price for the seeds, were frequently stated as barriers to Jatropha cultivation. For Jatropha biodiesel to perform well, efforts are needed to improve yield levels and stability through genetic improvements and drought tolerance, as well as agriculture extension services to support adoption of the crop. Government programs will -probably be more effective if implementing biodiesel production is conjoined with stimulating the demand for Jatropha biodiesel. To avoid food-biofuel competition, additional measures may be needed such as land-use restrictions for Jatropha producers and taxes on biofuels or biofuel feedstocks to improve the competitiveness of the food sector compared to the bioenergy sector.
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| 19. |
- Axelsson, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of Jatropha biodiesel production and its environmental and socio-economic impact – A case study in Southern India
- 2011
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Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Congress 2011. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789173930703 ; , s. 2470-2477
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In India expectations have been high on production of biodiesel from the oil-crop Jatropha. Jatropha is promoted as a drought- and pest-resistant crop, with the potential to grow on degraded soil with a low amount of inputs. These characteristics encourage hope for positive environmental and socio-economic impacts from Jatropha biodiesel production. The purpose of this study was to explore the performance of Jatropha biodiesel production in Southern India, to identify motivational factors for continued Jatropha cultivation, and to assess environmental and socio-economic impacts of the Jatropha biodiesel production. 106 farmers who have or have had Jatropha plantations were visited and interviewed regarding their opinion of Jatropha cultivation. The result indicates that 85 percent of the farmers have discontinued cultivation of Jatropha. The main barriers to continued cultivation derive from ecological problems, economic losses, and problems in the development and execution of the governmental implementation of the Jatropha programme. The Jatropha characteristics were overrated, and the plantations failed to provide income to the farmer. A common factor for the farmers who continued Jatropha cultivation was that they had the economic means to maintain non-profitable plantations. As the Jatropha programme was not as successful as expected, the expected positive environmental and socio-economic impacts have not been realized.
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| 20. |
- Azar, Christian, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Brazilian Ethanol has the Edge.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Financial Times.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Barretto, Agop, et al.
(författare)
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Agricultural intensification in Brazil and its effects on land-use patterns: an analysis of the 1975-2006 period
- 2013
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2486 .- 1354-1013. ; 19:6, s. 1804-1815
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Does agricultural intensification reduce the area used for agricultural production in Brazil? Census and other data for time periods 19751996 and 19962006 were processed and analyzed using Geographic Information System and statistical tools to investigate whether and if so, how, changes in yield and stocking rate coincide with changes in cropland and pasture area. Complementary medium-resolution data on total farmland area changes were used in a spatially explicit assessment of the land-use transitions that occurred in Brazil during 19602006. The analyses show that in agriculturally consolidated areas (mainly southern and southeastern Brazil), land-use intensification (both on cropland and pastures) coincided with either contraction of both cropland and pasture areas, or cropland expansion at the expense of pastures, both cases resulting in farmland stability or contraction. In contrast, in agricultural frontier areas (i.e., the deforestation zones in central and northern Brazil), land-use intensification coincided with expansion of agricultural lands. These observations provide support for the thesis that (i) technological improvements create incentives for expansion in agricultural frontier areas; and (ii) farmers are likely to reduce their managed acreage only if land becomes a scarce resource. The spatially explicit examination of land-use transitions since 1960 reveals an expansion and gradual movement of the agricultural frontier toward the interior (center-western Cerrado) of Brazil. It also indicates a possible initiation of a reversed trend in line with the forest transition theory, i.e., agricultural contraction and recurring forests in marginally suitable areas in southeastern Brazil, mainly within the Atlantic Forest biome. The significant reduction in deforestation that has taken place in recent years, despite rising food commodity prices, indicates that policies put in place to curb conversion of native vegetation to agriculture land might be effective. This can improve the prospects for protecting native vegetation by investing in agricultural intensification.
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| 23. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Bioenergy and Land Use Change-State of the Art
- 2015
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Ingår i: Advances in Bioenergy: The Sustainability Challenge. - Oxford, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. - 9781118957875 - 9781118957844 ; , s. 249-271
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dedicated production of biomass crops and the collection of residues in agriculture and forestry can lead to undesirable negative impacts and it is crucial that practices are found that ensure that these impacts are avoided or mitigated as far as possible. This chapter concerns the use of biomass for energy and the connection between increased bioenergy use and land use change (LUC). Land use and LUC associated with bioenergy can lead to a multitude of environmental and socioeconomic consequences. The chapter focuses on the question whether greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with LUC could undermine the climate change mitigation benefits of bioenergy. There are, however, several options for mitigating these emissions that can be implemented: development of bioenergy feedstock production systems that integrate with existing agriculture and forestry production, enhancement of land use productivity in agriculture and forestry in general, and legal protection of natural ecosystems.
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| 24. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Bioenergy and land use change-state of the art
- 2013
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Ingår i: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment. - : Wiley. - 2041-8396 .- 2041-840X. ; 2:3, s. 282-303
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioenergy projects can lead to direct and indirect land use change (LUC), which can substantially affect greenhouse gas balances with both beneficial and adverse outcomes for bioenergy's contribution to climate change mitigation. The causes behind LUC are multiple, complex, interlinked, and change over time. This makes quantification uncertain and sensitive to many factors that can develop in different directions-including land use productivity, trade patterns, prices and elasticities, and use of by-products associated with biofuels production. Quantifications reported so far vary substantially and do not support the ranking of bioenergy options with regard to LUC and associated emissions. There are however several options for mitigating these emissions, which can be implemented despite the uncertainties. Long-rotation forest management is associated with carbon emissions and sequestration that are not in temporal balance with each other and this leads to mitigation trade-offs between biomass extraction for energy use and the alternative to leave the biomass in the forest. Bioenergy's contribution to climate change mitigation needs to reflect a balance between near-term targets and the long-term objective to hold the increase in global temperature below 2 degrees C (Copenhagen Accord). Although emissions from LUC can be significant in some circumstances, the reality of such emissions is not sufficient reason to exclude bioenergy from the list of worthwhile technologies for climate changemitigation. Policy measures to minimize the negative impacts of LUC should be based on a holistic perspective recognizing the multiple drivers and effects of LUC.
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| 25. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966
(författare)
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Bioenergy and water: risks and opportunities
- 2010
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Ingår i: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. - : Wiley. - 1932-1031 .- 1932-104X. ; 4:5, s. 473-474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 26. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966
(författare)
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Bioenergy and water - The implications of large-scale bioenergy production for water use and supply
- 2002
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Ingår i: Global Environmental Change. - 0959-3780. ; 12:4, s. 253-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are major expectations that bioenergy will supply large amounts of CO2 neutral energy for the future. A large-scale expansion of energy crop production would lead to a large increase in evapotranspiration appropriation for human uses, potentially as large as the present evapotranspiration from global cropland. In some countries this could lead to further enhancement of an already stressed water situation. But there are also countries where such impacts are less likely to occur. One major conclusion for future research is that assessments of bioenergy potentials need to consider restrictions from competing demand for water resources. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Bioenergy expansion in the EU: Cost-effective climate change mitigation, employment creation and reduced dependency on imported fuels
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215. ; 35:12, s. 5965-5979
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presently, the European Union (EU) is promoting bioenergy. The aim of this paper is to study the prospects for using domestic biomass resources in Europe and specifically to investigate whether different policy objectives underlying the promotion of bioenergy (cost-effective climate change mitigation, employment creation and reduced dependency on imported fuels) agree on which bioenergy options that should be used. We model bioenergy use from a cost-effectiveness perspective with a linear regionalized energy- andtransport-system model and perform supplementary analysis. It is found that the different policy objectives do not agree on the order of priority among bioenergy options. Maximizing climate benefits cost-effectively is in conflict with maximizing employment creation. The former perspective proposes the use of lignocellulosic biomass in the stationary sector, while the latter requires biofuels for transport based on traditional agricultural crops. Further, from a security-of-supply perspective, the appeal of a given bioenergy option depends on how oil and gas import dependencies are weighed relative to each other. Consequently, there are tradeoffs that need to be addressed by policymakers promoting the use of bioenergy. Also, the importance of bioenergy in relation to employment creation and fuel import dependency reduction needs to be further addressed.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Bioenergy for climate stabilization
- 2004
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Ingår i: Bioenergy International. ; :no 9, May, s. 5-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966
(författare)
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Bioenergy's contribution to climate change mitigation - a matter of perspectives
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. - : Wiley. - 1932-1031 .- 1932-104X. ; 6:3, s. 233-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are many options for expanding bioenergy that contribute positively to environmental protection. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 33. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Biomass for energy, food and materials in an industrial society of 10 billion people
- 1996
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy. ; 9:1-4, s. 926-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we analyse the requirements of bioproductive land in a future industrial so-ciety of 10 billion people, with average per capita economic standard comparable to that of the industrialized countries of today. Despite significantly more efficient technology, lowering demand for both energy and material per service delivered, requirement for food and material alone will call for a heavily increased demand for bioproductive land for use in agriculture and silviculture. Large areas of short rotation energy plantations may be biophysically possible, but will clearly compete for available bioproductive land with agriculture and silviculture, as well as with preservation of the world's biodiversity. Therefore, the notion that there exists large areas of surplus or degraded land, which, without coming in conflict with food production and preservation of biodiversity, can be used for large energy plantations has not fully taken into account possible increased de-mand for bioproductive land from global industrialization and raising of the global average economic standard.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Biomassa - en knapp resurs i globalt perspektiv
- 2007
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Ingår i: Bioenergi - till vad och hur mycket?. ; :Formas Fokuserar, s. 19-32
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Idag använder vi ungefär tio gånger mer fossil energi än bioenergi i världen. Nu ökar användningen av bioenergi kraftigt. Men globalt sett finns det inte tillräckligt med bioenergi för att ersätta de fossila bränslena, skriver tre forskare på Chalmers. Hur ska vi använda de knappa resurserna på bästa sätt? Och hur ska vi kunna begränsa de negativa effekter som ökad efterfrågan på bioenergi kan få? Det handlar bland annat om exploatering av värdefulla ekosystem som regnskogar.
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| 36. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966
(författare)
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Driving positive development
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. - : Wiley. - 1932-1031 .- 1932-104X. ; 1:4, s. 235-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 37. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Expanding sugarcane ethanol production in Brazil - Socioeconomic and climate effects of expanding sugarcane ethanol production in the Pontal do Paranapanema region (State of São Paulo, Brazil)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th European Biomass Conference & Exhibition - From research to market Deployment, Berlin, Germany, 7-11 May 2007.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents results from a study of socioeconomic and climate effects connected to a sugarcane expansion scenario in the Pontal do Paranapanema region, São Paulo state, Brazil. Sugarcane production is expected to grow in the São Paulo state. Pontal do Paranapanema is the only region in the state where a large scale sugarcane expansion can take place and there is a concern that without guidelines the expansion might affect income growth in a negative way. A scenario where the settlers in the region gain from the sugarcane expansion was modelled. The models showed that it is possible to introduce sugarcane in the region with positive effects both on income growth and greenhouse gas emissions.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Forest biomass, carbon neutrality and climate change mitigation. From Science to Policy 3
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Paris Agreement and the EU Climate and Energy Framework set ambitious but necessary targets. Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by phasing out the technologies and infrastructures that cause fossil carbon emissions is one of today’s most important challenges. In the EU, bioenergy is currently the largest renewable energy source used. Most Member States have in absolute terms increased the use of forest biomass for energy to reach their 2020 renewable energy targets.In recent years, the issue of ‘carbon neutrality’ has been debated with regard to the bioenergy products that are produced from forest biomass. There is no clear consensus among scientists on the issue and their messages may even appear contradictory to decision-makers and citizens. Divergence arises because scientists address the issue from different points of view, which can all be valid. It is important to find agreement on some basic principles, to inform policy makers. Guidance is also needed on how the results should be interpreted.This report provides insights into the current scientific debate on forest biomass, carbon neutrality and climate change mitigation. It draws on the science literature to give a balanced and policy-relevant synthesis, from both an EU and global perspective.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966
(författare)
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Future Biomass Energy Supply: The Consumptive Water Use Perspective
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Water Resources Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-0648 .- 0790-0627. ; 24:2, s. 235-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are major expectations that bioenergy will supply large amounts of CO2 neutral energy for the future. A large-scale expansion of energy crop production would lead to a large increase in evapotranspiration appropriation for human uses, potentially as large as the present evapotranspiration from global cropland. In some countries this could lead to further enhancement of an already stressed water situation. However, there are also countries where such impacts are less likely to occur. Studies that assess bioenergy potentials need to consider restrictions from competing demand for water resources. Studies of the future state of water availability and use need to include the possibility of new high demands for water from a growing bioenergy sector.
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| 43. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966
(författare)
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How much biomass is available?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Systems Perspectives on Biorefineries 2012. - 9789198030013 ; , s. 36-47
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 44. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966
(författare)
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Hur mycket biomassa finns det?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Perspektiv på förädling av bioråvara 2014. - 9789198097450 ; , s. 12-13
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 45. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Is it possible to avoid bad impacts by using good fuel ethanol?
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Much of the global production of biofuels is considered to be non-sustainable. Brazilian sugarcane ethanol, on the other hand, is normally judged to be “good”. Swedes are anxious only to use fuel ethanol with the best climate characteristics in a life-cycle perspective, and the bulk of ethanol used in Sweden comes from Brazil. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency has identified some crucial issues which often are left out from discussions. These might be of extra importance for the Swedish ethanol use: - Might Swedish demand for good ethanol indirectly raise the demand for “bad” ethanol, such as US maize ethanol with fossil energy input? Or is it possible to encourage the production of exclusively “good” ethanol by choosing such (certified) ethanol? This depends on how the international market for fuel ethanol works. - To what extent does increased Swedish, or European, demand encourage the long-term supply of ethanol? What supply elasticities are there in Brazil and globally? If increased European use only means that we take hold of a fixed supply, the climate benefit compared to fossil fuels will not occur. The analyses are further complicated by the fact that there might be land-use competition between fuel, feedstuffs and food. When available land becomes more limited, increased production might necessitate breaking new soil, which could lead to emissions of climate-changing gases elsewhere. Consequently it is not only the fuel market itself that needs to be analysed.
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| 46. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Land sector impacts of early climate action
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Sustainability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2398-9629. ; 4:12, s. 1021-1022
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 47. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966
(författare)
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Looking beyond land use change issues
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. - : Wiley. - 1932-1031 .- 1932-104X. ; 2:6, s. 487-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 48. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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May we have some more land use change, please?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. - : Wiley. - 1932-1031 .- 1932-104X. ; 10:3, s. 195-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 49. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Multifunctional biomass production systems - an overview with presentation of specific applications in India and Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. - : Wiley. - 1932-104X .- 1932-1031. ; 2:1, s. 16-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This perspective discusses multi-functional biomass production systems, which are located, designed, integrated and managed so as to provide specific environmental services, in addition to biomass supply. Besides discussing the general concept and outlining a range of different possible applications, we present in somewhat more detail specific applications of such systems for the cases of Sweden and India. The overall conclusion is that the environmental benefits from a large-scale establishment of multi-functional biomass production systems could be substantial. Given that suitable mechanisms to put a premium on the provided environmental services can be identified and implemented, additional revenues can be linked to biomass production systems and this could enhance the socioeconomic attractiveness and significantly improve the competitiveness of the produced biomass on the market. The provision of additional environmental services also contributes to local sustainable development, which is in many cases a prerequisite for local support for the production systems.
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| 50. |
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