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- Bertilsson, Sophie
(författare)
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Asymmetric Formation and Isomerization of Three-Membered Rings : Catalyst Development and Evaluation
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Enantiopure α-amino acid derivatives were prepared using a protocol which allows for highly controlled regio- and chemoselectivity in the hydrogenation/ hydrogenolysis of aza-Diels-Alder adducts. One of the resulting α-amino esters, (1S,3R,4R)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, was utilized further as a catalyst precursor. Significant improvements were achieved in the asymmetric lithium amide-mediated epoxide rearrangement reaction. An efficient catalytic system was developed, based on 5 mol% of (1S,3R,4R)-3-(amino)methyl-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes and stoichiometric amounts of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA). With pyrrolidine or (2R,5R)-dimethylpyrrolidine as the amine moiety, the isomerization into allylic alcohols was accomplished for 5–7-membered cycloalkene oxides and (Z)-octene oxide with yields of >90% and enantioselectivities up to 99% ee. The studies indicate that the active catalyst species is a monomer, which is in equilibrium with inactive aggregates. The addition of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) led to a reaction rate acceleration. In the catalytic reaction, where there is a competing LDA-mediated rearrangement, the presence of DBU also improved the enantioselectivity. Furthermore, the asymmetric addition of carbenes and nitrenes to olefins was investigated. N,N'- and N,O-oxazolines were evaluated as ligands in the Cu-catalyzed aziridination of alkenes. Two of the oxazolines formed highly active catalysts (90% yield). However, the enantioselectivity was moderate (≤34% ee). Another catalyst, tetrakis-[(1S,3R,4R)-2-(p-tert-butylbenzene)sulphonyl-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3-carboxylate]dirhodium(II) was prepared and successfully applied in the reaction of styrenes and cyclic enol ethers with phenyl- and vinyldiazoacetates, affording cyclopropanes in up to 95% yield and 92% ee. In contrast to earlier observations, the best results were obtained with electron-rich olefins.
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- Eiler, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Growth response of Vibrio cholerae and other Vibrio spp. to cyanobacterial dissolved organic matter and temperature in Brackish Water
- 2007
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0168-6496 .- 1574-6941. ; 60:3, s. 411-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental control of growth and persistence of vibrios in aquatic environments is poorly understood even though members of the genus Vibrio are globally important pathogens. To study how algal-derived organic matter and temperature influenced the abundance of different Vibrio spp., Baltic Sea microcosms inoculated with Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus and native bacterioplankton, were exposed to different temperatures (12–25°C) and amended with dissolved organic matter from Nodularia spumigena (0–4.2 mg C L−1). Vibrio abundance was monitored by culture-dependent and molecular methods. Results suggested that Vibrio populations entered a viable but nonculturable state during the incubations. Abundance of Vibrio spp. and total bacterioplankton were orders of magnitude higher in microcosms amended with organic matter compared with reference microcosms. Vibrio cholerae abundances ranged from 0.9 to 1.9 × 105 cells mL−1 in treatments amended with 4.2 mg C L−1. Vibrio cholerae abundance relative to total bacterioplankton and other Vibrio spp. also increased >10-fold. In addition, V. vulnificus abundance increased in mesocosms with the highest organic matter addition (0.9–1.8 × 104 cells mL−1). Temperature alone did not significantly affect abundances of total bacterioplankton, total Vibrio spp. or individual Vibrio populations. By contrast, cyanobacterial-derived organic matter represented an important factor regulating growth and abundance of V. cholerae and V. vulnificus in brackish waters.
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- Krizsan, Sophie Julie, et al.
(författare)
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An in vitro evaluation of browser and grazer fermentation efficiency and microbiota using European moose spring and summer foods
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 8, s. 4183-4196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evolutionary morphological and physiological differences between browsers and grazers contribute to species- specific digestion efficiency of food resources. Rumen microbial community structure of browsers is supposedly adapted to characteristic nutrient composition of the diet source. If this assumption is correct, domesticated ruminants, or grazers, are poor model animals for assessing the nutritional value of food consumed by browsing game species. In this study, typical spring and summer foods of the European moose (Alces alces) were combined with rumen fluid collected from both dairy cows (Bos taurus) and from moose, with the aim of comparing fer- mentation efficiency and microbial community composition. The nutritional value of the food resources was characterized by chemical analysis and advanced in vitro measurements. The study also addressed whether or not feed evaluation based on in vitro techniques with cattle rumen fluid as inoculum could be a practical alternative when evaluating the nutritional value of plants consumed by wild browsers. Our re- sults suggest that the fermentation characteristics of moose spring and summer food are partly host- specific and related to the contribution of the bacterial phyla Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes to the rumen microbial community. Host- specific adaptations of the ruminal microbial community structure could be explained from the evolutionary adaptations related to feeding habitats and morphophysiological differences be- tween browsers and grazers. However, the observed overall differences in microbial community structure could not be related to ruminal digestion parameters measured in vitro. The in vitro evaluation of digestion efficiency reveals that equal amounts of methane were produced across all feed samples regardless of whether the ruminal fluid was from moose or dairy cow. The results of this study suggested that the nutri- tional value of browsers’ spring and summer food can be predicted using rumen fluid from domesticated grazers as inoculum in in vitro assessments of extent of digestion when excluding samples of the white water lily root, but not of fermentation characteristics as indicated by the proportions of individual fermentation fatty acids to the total of volatile fatty acids.
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