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- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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The upgraded DO detector
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 565:2, s. 463-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The DO experiment enjoyed a very successful data-collection run at the Fermilab Tevatron collider between 1992 and 1996. Since then, the detector has been upgraded to take advantage of improvements to the Tevatron and to enhance its physics capabilities. We describe the new elements of the detector, including the silicon microstrip tracker, central fiber tracker, solenoidal magnet, preshower detectors, forward muon detector, and forward proton detector. The uranium/liquid -argon calorimeters and central muon detector, remaining from Run 1, are discussed briefly. We also present the associated electronics, triggering, and data acquisition systems, along with the design and implementation of software specific to DO.
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- Duquennoy, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Poster Abstract: A benchmark for low-power wireless networking
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450342636 ; 14 November 2016, s. 332-333
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental research in low-power wireless networking lacks a reference benchmark. While other communities such as databases or machine learning have standardized bench-marks, our community still uses ad-hoc setups for its exper-iments and struggles to provide a fair comparison between communication protocols. Reasons for this include the di-versity of network scenarios and the stochastic nature of wireless experiments. Leveraging on the excellent testbeds and tools that have been built to support experimental val-idation, we make the case for a reference benchmark to pro-mote a fair comparison and reproducibility of results. This abstract describes early design elements and a benchmark-ing methodology with the goal to gather feedback from the community rather than propose a definite solution.
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- Bandelow, B., et al.
(författare)
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Deutsche S3-Leitlinie Behandlung von Angststörungen
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Die deutsche S3-Leitline zur Behandlung von Angststörungen (Panikstörung/Agoraphobie, generalisierte Angststörung, soziale Phobie, spezifische Phobie) bei Erwachsenen wurde unter Beratung und Moderation durch die Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) von einem Gremium erstellt, das 20 Fachverbände und andere Organisationen aus den Bereichen Psychotherapie, Psychologie, psychosomatische Medizin, Psychiatrie und Allgemeinmedizin sowie Patientenvertreter und Selbsthilfeorganisationen umfasst. Die Empfehlungen dieser Leitlinie basieren auf einer Sichtung der Evidenz der verfügbaren randomisierten klinischen Studien zu Angststörungen nach ICD/DSM und einer Synthese der Empfehlungen anderer Leitlinien.
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- Wienicke, Frederik J., et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy and moderators of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression : A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychology Review. - : Elsevier. - 0272-7358 .- 1873-7811. ; 101
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) is frequently used to treat depression, but it is unclear which patients might benefit specifically. Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses can provide more precise effect estimates than conventional meta-analyses and identify patient-level moderators. This IPD meta-analysis examined the efficacy and moderators of STPP for depression compared to control conditions.Methods: PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched September 1st, 2022, to identify randomized trials comparing STPP to control conditions for adults with depression. IPD were requested and analyzed using mixed-effects models.Results: IPD were obtained from 11 of the 13 (84.6%) studies identified (n = 771/837, 92.1%; mean age = 40.8, SD = 13.3; 79.3% female). STPP resulted in significantly lower depressive symptom levels than control conditions at post-treatment (d = −0.62, 95%CI [−0.76, −0.47], p < .001). At post-treatment, STPP was more efficacious for participants with longer rather than shorter current depressive episode durations.Conclusions: These results support the evidence base of STPP for depression and indicate episode duration as an effect modifier. This moderator finding, however, is observational and requires prospective validation in future large-scale trials.
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