| 1. |
- Aljabali, Alaa A. A., et al.
(författare)
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The viral capsid as novel nanomaterials for drug delivery
- 2021
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Ingår i: Future Science OA. - : Future Science Ltd. - 2056-5623. ; 7:9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this review is to highlight recent scientific developments and provide an overview of virus self-assembly and viral particle dynamics. Viruses are organized supramolecular structures with distinct yet related features and functions. Plant viruses are extensively used in biotechnology, and virus-like particulate matter is generated by genetic modification. Both provide a material-based means for selective distribution and delivery of drug molecules. Through surface engineering of their capsids, virus-derived nanomaterials facilitate various potential applications for selective drug delivery. Viruses have significant implications in chemotherapy, gene transfer, vaccine production, immunotherapy and molecular imaging. Lay abstract: The purpose of this review is to highlight recent scientific developments and provide an overview of virus self-assembly and viral particle dynamics. Viruses are organized supramolecular structures with distinct yet related features and functions. Plant viruses are extensively used in biotechnology, and virus-like particulate matter is generated by genetic modification. Both provide a material-based means for selective distribution and delivery of drug molecules. Through surface engineering of their capsids, virus-derived nanomaterials facilitate various potential applications for selective drug delivery. Viruses have significant implications in chemotherapy, gene transfer, vaccine production, immunotherapy and molecular imaging. Here we performed a comprehensive database search to review findings in this area, demonstrating that viral nanostructures possess unique properties that make them ideal for applications in diagnostics, cell labeling, contrasting agents and drug delivery structures.
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| 2. |
- Dixit, Sudhir, et al.
(författare)
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Connecting the Unconnected
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 IEEE FUTURE NETWORKS WORLD FORUM, FNWF. - : IEEE. - 9781665462501
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Connecting the Unconnected or under-connected (CTU) is the holy grail of transforming the lives of over 3 billion people around the globe with wireless Internet who are yet to experience its value in multiple ways. If this could be accomplished, its impact on the society would be enormous. This white paper from the IEEE Future Networks CTU Working Group endeavors to highlight the need to consider the CTU requirements in 5G and B5G networks in the standardization process, in the development of the use cases, and affordable solutions. In its Vision 2030 SDG (Sustainability Development Goals) the United Nations has proclaimed access to Internet as basic human right and has said that these goals cannot be achieved without affordable access to Internet by everyone on this planet. While there are numerous projects and initiatives ongoing around the world, these are fragmented and lack the critical mass and coordination to be able to impact the future standards, product development, and cost of deployment otherwise achievable by volume. Although difficult to pin down, to define a threshold for basic connectivity for all is important. But it would need to be flexible to adapt to changing times. It is the goal of the CTU group to create an open platform where the experts can bring their ideas, solutions, and potentially collaborate to create large global projects and influence the network service providers, manufacturers and their governments. This white paper defines the CTU working group's charter, scope, and provides a brief overview of the relevant stakeholders and linkages between them. Then the paper goes into the current status of the CTU landscape and where we want to reach to accomplish the vision of connecting everybody, especially those living in rural and remote areas. We present the various standards and industry fora and how they are interlinked. While technologies are available today, they need to be customized and optimized at the systems level to bring down the cost of the network in order to be affordable. In addition, the content needs to be relevant and in local languages to be useful, not to mention the need to offer innovative human computer interaction (HCI) solutions (that are not text based) so that people who are not literate or are digitally disadvantaged can easily use the devices and consume services. Another important area is that of flexible spectrum allocation regime at the lower range of the spectrum to increase reach and coverage. Use of renewable energy sources will enable deployment in remote areas where there is lack of power grid, or it is intermittent. Thus, this white paper identifies a number of technology gaps to be filled in by 5G and B5G networks, such that access is affordable and content and services are actually consumed by the targeted set of users. Technology aside, the need to develop innovative business models is a must to be commercially sustainable in the long-term. A number of such models, especially designed for the rural population, are proposed, such as Village Level Entrepreneur (VLE) Freemium (Free + Premium), revenue sharing among the chain of service providers, subsidized billing by USOF (Universal Service Obligation Funds). Finally, the white paper presents a 10-year roadmap starting from the current state to 3 years, 5 years and 10 years.
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| 3. |
- Kaler, Nikhil, et al.
(författare)
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Deep learning-based robust analysis of laser bio-speckle data for detection of fungal-infected soybean seeds
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : IEEE. - 2169-3536. ; 11, s. 89331-89348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- T Seed-borne diseases play a crucial role in affecting the overall quality of seeds, efficient disease management, and crop productivity in agriculture. Detection of seed-borne diseases using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) can automate the process at large-scale industrial applications for providinghealthy and high-quality seeds. ML-based methods are accurate for detecting and classifying fungal infectionin seeds; however, their performance degrades in the presence of noise. In this work, we propose a laser biospeckle based DL framework for detection and classification of disease in seeds under varying experimental parameters and noises. We develop a DL-based spatio-temporal analysis technique for bio-speckle data using DL networks, including neural networks (NN), convolutional neural networks (CNN) with long-short-termmemory (LSTM), three-dimensional convolutional neural networks (3D CNN), and convolutional LSTM (ConvLSTM). The robustness of the DL models to noise is a key aspect of this spatio-temporal analysis.In this study, we find that the ConvLSTM model has an accuracy of 97.72% on the test data and is robust to different types of noises with an accuracy of 97.72%, 94.31%, 98.86%, and 96.59% . Furthermore, the robust model (ConvLSTM) is evaluated for variations in experimental data parameters such as frame rate, frame size, and number of frames used. This model is also sensitive towards detecting bio-speckle activity of different order, and it shows average test accuracy of 99% for detecting four different classes.
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| 4. |
- Kumar, Vinod, et al.
(författare)
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Bread waste : A potential feedstock for sustainable circular biorefineries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 369
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The management of staggering volume of food waste generated (∼1.3 billion tons) is a serious challenge. The readily available untapped food waste can be promising feedstock for setting up biorefineries and one good example is bread waste (BW). The current review emphasis on capability of BW as feedstock for sustainable production of platform and commercially important chemicals. It describes the availability of BW (>100 million tons) to serve as a feedstock for sustainable biorefineries followed by examples of platform chemicals which have been produced using BW including ethanol, lactic acid, succinic acid and 2,3-butanediol through biological route. The BW-based production of these metabolites is compared against 1G and 2G (lignocellulosic biomass) feedstocks. The review also discusses logistic and supply chain challenges associated with use of BW as feedstock. Towards the end, it is concluded with a discussion on life cycle analysis of BW-based production and comparison with other feedstocks.
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| 5. |
- Shahcheraghi, Seyed H., et al.
(författare)
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Gene Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders : Potential Targets and Tools
- 2023
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Ingår i: CNS & Neurological Disorders. - : Bentham Science Publishers. - 1871-5273 .- 1996-3181. ; 22:1, s. 51-65
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuropsychiatric disorders that affect the central nervous system cause considerable pressures on the health care system and have a substantial economic burden on modern societies. The present treatments based on available drugs are mostly ineffective and often costly. The molecular process of neuropsychiatric disorders is closely connected to modifying the genetic structures inherited or caused by damage, toxic chemicals, and some current diseases. Gene therapy is presently an experimental concept for neurological disorders. Clinical applications endeavor to alleviate the symptoms, reduce disease progression, and repair defective genes. Implementing gene therapy in inherited and acquired neurological illnesses entails the integration of several scientific disciplines, including virology, neurology, neurosurgery, molecular genetics, and immunology. Genetic manipulation has the power to minimize or cure illness by inducing genetic alterations at endogenous loci. Gene therapy that involves treating the disease by deleting, silencing, or editing defective genes and delivering genetic material to produce therapeutic molecules has excellent potential as a novel approach for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. With the recent advances in gene selection and vector design quality in targeted treatments, gene therapy could be an effective approach. This review article will investigate and report the newest and the most critical molecules and factors in neuropsychiatric disorder gene therapy. Different genome editing techniques available will be evaluated, and the review will highlight preclinical research of genome editing for neuropsychiatric disorders while also evaluating current limitations and potential strategies to overcome genome editing advancements.
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