| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Akhtar, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of the oral inactivated multivalent enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vaccine ETVAX in Bangladeshi adults in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase I trial using electrochemiluminescence and ELISA assays for immunogenicity analyses
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X. ; 37:37, s. 5645-5656
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The safety and immunogenicity of the second generation oral enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine ETVAX, consisting of inactivated recombinant E. coli strains over-expressing the colonization factors (CFs) CFA/I, CS3, CS5 and CS6 and the heat labile toxoid LCTBA, were evaluated in Bangladeshi volunteers. To enable analysis of antibody responses against multiple vaccine antigens for subsequent use in small sample volumes from children, a sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay for analysis of intestine-derived antibody-secreting cell responses using the antibodies in lymphocyte secretions (ALS) assay was established using Meso Scale Discovery technology. Three groups of Bangladeshi adults (n = 15 per group) received two oral doses of ETVAX with or without double mutant LT (dmLT) adjuvant or placebo in the initial part of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, age-descending, dose-escalation trial. CF- and LTB-specific ALS and plasma IgA responses were analyzed by ECL and/or ELISA. ETVAX was safe and well tolerated in the adults. Magnitudes of IgA ALS responses determined by ECL and ELISA correlated well (r = 0.85 to 0.98 for the five primary antigens, P < 0.001) and ECL was selected as the ALS readout method. ALS IgA responses against each of the primary antigens were detected in 87-100% of vaccinees after the first and in 100% after the second vaccine dose. Plasma IgA responses against different CFs and LTB were observed in 62-93% and 100% of vaccinees, respectively. No statistically significant adjuvant effect of dmLT on antibody responses to any antigen was detected, but the overall anti-genic breadth of the plasma IgA response tended to favor the adjuvanted vaccine when responses to 4 or more or 5 vaccine antigens were considered. Responses in placebo recipients were infrequent and mainly detected against single antigens. The promising results in adults supported testing ETVAX in descending age groups of children.
|
|
| 3. |
- Qadri, F., et al.
(författare)
-
Safety and immunogenicity of the oral, inactivated, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vaccine ETVAX in Bangladeshi children and infants: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 trial
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Lancet Infectious Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1473-3099. ; 20:2, s. 208-219
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil causes diarrhoea, leading to substantial mortality and morbidity in children, but no specific vaccine exists. This trial tested an oral, inactivated, enterotoxigenic E coli vaccine (ETVAX), which has been previously shown to be safe and highly immuongenic in Swedish and Bangladeshi adults. We tested the safety and immunogenicity of ETVAX, consisting of four E coli strains overexpressing the most prevalent colonisation factors (CFA/I, CS3, CSS, and CS6) and a toxoid (LCTBA) administered with or without a double-mutant heat-labile enterotoxin (dmLT) as an adjuvant, in Bangladeshi children. Methods We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation, age-descending, phase 1/2 trial in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Healthy children in one of three age groups (24-59 months, 12-23 months, and 6-11 months) were eligible. Children were randomly assigned with block randomisation to receive either ETVAX, with or without dmLT, or placebo. ETVAX (half [5.5 x 10(10) cells], quarter [2.5 x 10(10) cells], or eighth [1.25 x 10(10) cells] adult dose), with or without dmLT adjuvant (2.5 mu g, 5.0 mu g, or 10.0 mu g), or placebo were administered orally in two doses 2 weeks apart. Investigators and participants were masked to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability, assessed in all children who received at least one dose of vaccine. Antibody responses to vaccine antigens, defined as at least a two-times increase in antibody levels between baseline and post-immunisation, were assessed as secondary endpoints. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT02531802. Findings Between Dec 7, 2015, and Jan 10, 2017, we screened 1500 children across the three age groups, of whom 430 were enrolled and randomly assigned to the different treatment groups (130 aged 24-59 months, 100 aged 12-23 months, and 200 aged 6-11 months). All participants received at least one dose of vaccine. No solicited adverse events occurred that were greater than moderate in severity, and most were mild. The most common solicited event was vomiting (ten [8%] of 130 patients aged 24-59 months, 13 [13%] of 100 aged 12-23 months, and 29 115%1 of 200 aged 6-11 months; mostly of mild severity), which appeared related to dose and age. The addition of dmLT did not modify the safety profile. Three serious adverse events occurred but they were not considered related to the study drug. Mucosal IgA antibody responses in lymphocyte secretions were detected against all primary vaccine antigens (CFA/I, CS3, CSS, CS6, and the LCTBA toxoid) in most participants in the two older age groups, whereas such responses to four of the five antigens were less frequent and of lower magnitude in infants aged 6-11 months than in older children. Faecal secretory IgA immune responses were recorded against all vaccine antigens in infants aged 6-11 months. 78 (56%) of 139 infants aged 6-11 months who were vaccinated developed mucosal responses against at least three of the vaccine antigens versus 14 (29%) of 49 of the infants given placebo. Addition of the adjuvant dmLT enhanced the magnitude, breadth, and kinetics (based on number of responders after the first dose of vaccine) of immune responses in infants. Interpretation The encouraging safety and immunogenicity of ETVAX and benefit of dmLT adjuvant in young children support its further assessment for protective efficacy in children in enterotoxigenic E coli-endemic areas. Copyright (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
|
|
| 4. |
- Stegmayr, Bernd, et al.
(författare)
-
Distribution of indications and procedures within the framework of centers participating in the WAA apheresis registry
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Transfusion and apheresis science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1473-0502 .- 1878-1683. ; 56:1, s. 71-74
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The WAA apheresis registry was established in 2003 and an increasing number of centers have since then included their experience and data of their procedures. The registry now contains data of more than 74,000 apheresis procedures in more than 10,000 patients. This report shows that the indications for apheresis procedures are changing towards more oncological diagnoses and stem cell collections from patients and donors and less therapeutic apheresis procedures. In centers that continue to register, the total extent of apheresis procedures and patients treated have expanded during the latest years.
|
|
| 5. |
- Al-Mamun, F., et al.
(författare)
-
Sleep duration during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh : A GIS-based large sample survey study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although several studies have been conducted in Bangladesh regarding sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, none have utilized a large nationwide sample or presented their findings based on nationwide geographical distribution. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the total sleep duration, night-time sleep, and daily naptime and their associated factors as well as geographic information system (GIS) distribution. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 9730 people in April 2020, including questions relating to socio-demographic variables, behavioral and health factors, lockdown, depression, suicidal ideation, night sleep duration, and naptime duration. Descriptive and inferential statistics, both linear and multivariate regression, and spatial distribution were performed using Microsoft Excel, SPSS, Stata, and ArcGIS software. The results indicated that 64.7% reported sleeping 7–9 h a night, while 29.6% slept less than 7 h nightly, and 5.7% slept more than 9 h nightly. 43.7% reported 30–60 min of daily nap duration, whereas 20.9% napped for more than 1 h daily. Significant predictors of total daily sleep duration were being aged 18–25 years, being unemployed, being married, self-isolating 4 days or more, economic hardship, and depression. For nap duration, being aged 18–25 years, retired, a smoker, and a social media user were at relatively higher risk. The GIS distribution showed that regional division areas with high COVID-19 exposure had higher rates of non-normal sleep duration. Sleep duration showed a regional heterogeneity across the regional divisions of the country that exhibited significant associations with a multitude of socioeconomic and health factors.
|
|
| 6. |
- Mamun, M. A., et al.
(författare)
-
The COVID-19 pandemic and serious psychological consequences in Bangladesh : A population-based nationwide study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 279, s. 462-472
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: As with other countries worldwide, lockdown measures during the COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh were sudden and unexpected, and have the capacity to elicit serious psychological consequences. The present study examined the psychological consequences of COVID-19 in Bangladesh during the lockdown period.Methods: A nationwide online cross-sectional survey study recruited 10,067 individuals covering all 64 districts in Bangladesh via social media (April 1-10, 2020). The survey comprised questions concerning socio-demographics, knowledge of COVID-19, behavior towards COVID-19, fear of COVID-19, insomnia, depression, and suicidal ideation. Logistic regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were performed to identify the risk factors depression and suicidal ideation. Geographical information system (GIS)-based spatial analysis was used to identify district-wise susceptibility to depression and suicidal ideation.Findings: The prevalence rate of depression and suicidal ideation related to COVID-19 was 33% and 5%%. Common risk factors for suicidal ideation and depression included being young, being female, being a cigarette smoker, having comorbid diseases, having high scores on the Fear COVID-19 Scale, and having insomnia symptoms. GIS-based maps detected high depression and suicidal ideation in the capital of Bangladesh and the districts near the capital as well as coastal areas where COVID-19 prevalence was high, as compared with districts with no reported cases. Limitations: Self-reported scales and cross-sectional design of the study.Conclusion: COVID-19 is associated with major psychological impact across Bangladesh, underlining the need of strategically located psychological support measures and improved access to mental health services, especially among women and younger people.
|
|
| 7. |
- Rahman, F. N., et al.
(författare)
-
Challenges in preventive practices and risk communication towards COVID-19 : A cross-sectional study in Bangladesh
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bangladesh recently experienced a COVID-19 second wave, resulting in the highest number of new cases and deaths in a single day. This study aims to identify the challenges for COVID-19 preventive practices and risk communications and associated factors among Bangladeshi adults. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between December 2020 and January 2021 involving 1382 Bangladeshi adults (aged ≥ 18-years) in randomly selected urban and rural areas from all eight divisions in Bangladesh. Descriptive data analysis was conducted to highlight the challenges for preventive practices and risk communications for COVID-19. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the sociodemographic groups vulnerable to these challenges. Lack of availability of protective equipment (44.4%), crowded living situations/workspaces (36.8%), inadequate information on the proper use of protective measures (21.9%), inadequate handwashing and sanitation facilities (17.6%), and negative influences on family/friends (17.4%) were identified as barriers to COVID-19 preventive practices. It was also found that males (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.7), rural residents (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2, 2), respondents with a low level of education: no schooling vs. ≥higher secondary (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 2.3, 5.2), primary vs. ≥higher secondary (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.7, 3.8), respondents engaged in agricultural (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2, 2.4), laboring (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 2, 5), and domestic works (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.07, 2.5), and people with disabilities (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.1, 2.6) were all likely to have difficulty in practicing effective COVID-19 protective behaviors. Respondents’ education and occupation were significant predictors of inadequate understanding of COVID-19 risk communications and was identified as a problem among 17.4% of the respondents. A substantial percentage of Bangladeshi adults have difficulty practising COVID-19 protective behaviours and have poor comprehension of risk communications, particularly in rural areas and among those with low education. This research can aid policymakers in developing tailored COVID-19 risk communications and mitigation strategies to help prevent future waves of the pandemic.
|
|
| 8. |
- Akhtar, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Kinetics of antibody-secreting cell and fecal IgA responses after oral cholera vaccination in different age groups in a cholera endemic country
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X. ; 35:2, s. 321-328
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immune responses to oral enteric vaccines in children and infants may be influenced by factors such as age, previous priming with related microorganisms and breast feeding. In this study, we aimed to determine optimal time points to assess immune responses to oral enteric vaccines in different clinical specimens. This was done by investigating antibody secreting cell (ASC) and fecal antibody responses on different days after vaccination using the licensed oral cholera vaccine Dukoral, containing cholera toxin B-subunit (rCTB) and inactivated Vibrio cholerae bacteria, as a model vaccine. Two vaccine doses were given 2 weeks apart to infants (6-11 months), young children (12-18 months), toddlers (19 months-5 years) and adults in a cholera endemic country (Bangladesh). IgA ASC responses, as determined by the antibodies in lymphocyte supernatant (ALS) assay, plasma IgA and IgG responses and secretory IgA (SIgA) responses in extracts of fecal samples were evaluated 4/5 and 7 days after each vaccination. After the first vaccine dose, anti-CTB ALS IgA responses in adults and toddlers were high and comparable on day 5 and 7, while responses were low and infrequent in young children. After the second dose, highest ALS responses were detected on day 5 among the time points studied in all age groups and the responses declined until day 7. In contrast, plasma IgA and IgG anti-CTB responses were high both on day 5 and 7 after the second dose. Fecal SIgA responses in young children and infants were highest on day 7 after the second dose. Our results suggest that ASC/ALS responses to two doses of the oral cholera vaccine Dukoral and related oral vaccines should be analyzed earlier than previously recommended (day 7) at all ages. Fecal antibody responses should preferably be analyzed later than ASC/ALS responses to detect the highest antibody responses. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 9. |
- Alam, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Antigen-Specific Memory B-cell Responses to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection in Bangladeshi Adults
- 2014
-
Ingår i: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1935-2727 .- 1935-2735. ; 8:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Multiple infections with diverse enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains lead to broad spectrum protection against ETEC diarrhea. However, the precise mechanism of protection against ETEC infection is still unknown. Therefore, memory B cell responses and affinity maturation of antibodies to the specific ETEC antigens might be important to understand the mechanism of protection. Methodology: In this study, we investigated the heat labile toxin B subunit (LTB) and colonization factor antigens (CFA/I and CS6) specific IgA and IgG memory B cell responses in Bangladeshi adults (n = 52) who were infected with ETEC. We also investigated the avidity of IgA and IgG antibodies that developed after infection to these antigens. Principal Findings: Patients infected with ETEC expressing LT or LT+heat stable toxin (ST) and CFA/I group or CS6 colonization factors developed LTB, CFA/I or CS6 specific memory B cell responses at day 30 after infection. Similarly, these patients developed high avidity IgA and IgG antibodies to LTB, CFA/I or CS6 at day 7 that remained significantly elevated at day 30 when compared to the avidity of these specific antibodies at the acute stage of infection (day 2). The memory B cell responses, antibody avidity and other immune responses to CFA/I not only developed in patients infected with ETEC expressing CFA/I but also in those infected with ETEC expressing CFA/I cross-reacting epitopes. We also detected a significant positive correlation of LTB, CFA/I and CS6 specific memory B cell responses with the corresponding increase in antibody avidity. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that natural infection with ETEC induces memory B cells and high avidity antibodies to LTB and colonization factor CFA/I and CS6 antigens that could mediate anamnestic responses on re-exposure to ETEC and may help in understanding the requirements to design an effective vaccination strategies.
|
|
| 10. |
- Ansaruzzaman, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli from diarrhoeal patients in Bangladesh using phenotyping and genetic profiling
- 2007
-
Ingår i: J Med Microbiol. - : Microbiology Society. ; 56:2Pt 2, s. 217-222
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A total of 99 isolates out of 370 colonization factor (CF)-positive, well-characterized enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains belonging to 13 different CF types isolated from diarrhoeal patients admitted to the hospital of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, were tested. The isolates were selected at random based on expression of the major CFs prevailing in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from 1996 to 1998. These isolates were characterized by O-antigenic serotyping, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and biochemical fingerprinting using the PhenePlate (PhP) system. The 99 ETEC isolates belonged to 10 O serogroups, the predominant ones being O6 (n=28), O115 (n=20) and O128 (n=20). Most isolates of serogroup O6 (CS1+CS3, 11/14; CS2+CS3, 5/8) belonged to the same PhP/RAPD type (H/f), whereas other isolates of serogroup O6 (n=12) belonged to different PhP/RAPD types (Si/f and F/c). Eleven serogroup O128 (CFA/I) isolates belonged to the same PhP/RAPD type (E/b), whereas the other O128 isolates formed different PhP/RAPD types. Fifteen (75%) serogroup O115 isolates (together with fourteen isolates from serogroups O25, O114, O142 and O159) demonstrated two closely related common groups by PhP typing (A and A1) and belonged to the same PhP/RAPD type (A/a). Three major clonal groups were identified among the ETEC strains in this study, largely based on O-antigenic type, CF expression pattern and toxin profile.
|
|
| 11. |
- Bhuiyan, Taufiqur Rahman, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of immune responses to an oral typhoid vaccine, Ty21a, in children from 2 to 5 years of age in Bangladesh
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X. ; 32:9, s. 1055-1060
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Young children are very susceptible to typhoid fever, emphasizing the need for vaccination in under five age groups. The parenteral Vi polysaccharide vaccine is not immunogenic in children under 2 years and the oral Ty21a vaccine (Vivotif) available in capsular formulation is only recommended for those over 5 years. We studied immune responses to a liquid formulation of Ty21a in children 2-5 years of age. Since children in developing countries are in general hypo responsive to oral vaccines, the study was designed to determine if anti-helminthic treatment prior to vaccination, improves responses. In a pilot study in 20 children aged 4-5 years, the immune responses in plasma and in antibody in lymphocyte secretions (ALS) to the enteric coated capsule formulation of Ty21a was found to be comparable to a liquid formulation (P > 0.05). Based on this, children (n = 252) aged ≥2-<3 years and ≥3-<5 years were randomized to receive a liquid formulation of Ty21a with and without previous anti-helminthic treatment. The vaccine was well tolerated with only a few mild adverse events recorded in <1% of the children. De-worming did not improve immune responses and both age groups developed 32-71% IgA, IgG, and IgM responses in plasma and 63-86% IgA responses in ALS and stool specimens to a membrane preparation (MP) of Ty21a. An early MP specific proliferative T cell response was also seen. We recommend that safety and efficacy studies with a liquid formulation of the vaccine are carried out in children under five, including those less than two years of age to determine if Ty21a is protective in these age groups and applicable as a public health tool for controlling typhoid fever in high prevalence areas of typhoid fever including Bangladesh. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 12. |
- Chowdhury, F., et al.
(författare)
-
A phase I/II study to evaluate safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of Hillchol®, an inactivated single Hikojima strain based oral cholera vaccine, in a sequentially age descending population in Bangladesh
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X. ; 39:32, s. 4450-4457
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) as part of an integrated control program, both in highly endemic settings and during cholera epidemics. The available and internationally recommended WHO-prequalified OCVs (Dukoral, Shanchol, Euvichol) contain multiple heat and formalin-killed V. cholerae strains of Inaba and Ogawa serotypes. MSD Wellcome Trust Hilleman Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. in technical collaboration with University of Gothenburg, Sweden has developed a new single strain OCV, Hillchol. This vaccine consists of formaldehyde-inactivated whole cell El Tor V. cholerae O1 bacteria engineered into the Hikojima serotype for stable expression of both the Ogawa (AB) and Inaba (AC) LPS antigens on the bacterial surface. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of this novel and potentially much less expensive OCV in comparison with Shanchol. Methods: We conducted a randomized, non-inferiority, age-descending clinical trial of OCV (Hillchol vs. Shanchol) in the Mirpur area of Dhaka city from July 2016 to May 2017. This study was carried out in three different age cohorts (1–<5, 5–17 and ≥18 years old). Two doses of vaccine were given at 14 days intervals to 560 healthy participants. Findings: No serious adverse events were reported. There were no significant differences in the rates of adverse events between the test vaccine (Hillchol) and the comparator (Shanchol) group. Serum vibriocidal antibody responses in all age groups combined were comparable for all the O1 Ogawa (59% vs. 67%; 90% CI of difference: −14.55, −0.84) and Inaba (70% vs. 71%; 90% CI of difference: −7.24, 5.77) serotypes, showing that the Hillchol vaccine was non-inferior to Shanchol. This new vaccine was also non-inferior to Shanchol in the different age strata. Conclusion: The safety and immunogenicity profile of the new OCV Hillchol is comparable to Shanchol in persons residing in a cholera-endemic setting. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT02823899. © 2021
|
|
| 13. |
- Nair, G Balakrish, et al.
(författare)
-
Cholera due to altered El Tor strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Bangladesh.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of clinical microbiology. - 0095-1137. ; 44:11, s. 4211-3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We determined the types of cholera toxin (CT) produced by a collection of 185 Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated in Bangladesh over the past 45 years. All of the El Tor strains of V. cholerae O1 isolated since 2001 produced CT of the classical biotype, while those isolated before 2001 produced CT of the El Tor biotype.
|
|
| 14. |
- Skogsberg, J., et al.
(författare)
-
ApoB100-LDL acts as a metabolic signal from liver to peripheral fat causing inhibition of lipolysis in adipocytes
- 2008
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 3:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Free fatty acids released from adipose tissue affect the synthesis of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and glucose metabolism in the liver. Whether there also exists a reciprocal metabolic arm affecting energy metabolism in white adipose tissue is unknown. Methods and Findings: We investigated the effects of apoB-containing lipoproteins on catecholamine-induced lipolysis in adipocytes from subcutaneous fat cells of obese but otherwise healthy men, fat pads from mice with plasma lipoproteins containing high or intermediate levels of apoB100 or no apoB100, primary cultured adipocytes, and 3T3-L1 cells. In subcutaneous fat cells, the rate of lipolysis was inversely related to plasma apoB levels. In human primary adipocytes, LDL inhibited lipolysis in a concentration-dependent fashion. In contrast, VLDL had no effect. Lipolysis was increased in fat pads from mice lacking plasma apoB100, reduced in apoB100-only mice, and intermediate in wild-type mice. Mice lacking apoB100 also had higher oxygen consumption and lipid oxidation. In 3T3-L1 cells, apoB100-containing lipoproteins inhibited lipolysis in a dose-dependent fashion, but lipoproteins containing apoB48 had no effect. ApoB100-LDL mediated inhibition of lipolysis was abolished in fat pads of mice deficient in the LDL receptor (Ldlr-/- Apob100/100). Conclusions: Our results show that the binding of apoB100-LDL to adipocytes via the LDL receptor inhibits intracellular noradrenaline-induced lipolysis in adipocytes. Thus, apoB100-LDL is a novel signaling molecule from the liver to peripheral fat deposits that may be an important link between atherogenic dyslipidemias and facets of the metabolic syndrome. © 2008 Skogsberg et al.
|
|
| 15. |
- Stegmayr, Bernd G, et al.
(författare)
-
Panorama of adverse events during cytapheresis
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Transfusion and apheresis science. - : Pergamon Press. - 1473-0502 .- 1878-1683. ; 48:2, s. 155-156
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Lehtihet, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Studies of IGF-I and Klotho Protein in Relation to Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid and Growth Hormone Administrations
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in sports and active living. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2624-9367. ; 4, s. 829940-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been suggested to longitudinally monitor Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) as a biomarker for the detection of recombinant growth hormone (GH). Subsequently, it is of interest to understand any confounders of endogenous IGF-I. Herein we have studied if serum IGF-I concentration is affected by the intake of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and the potential connection between IGF-I and klotho protein. Moreover, the usefulness of klotho as a biomarker for recombinant GH intake was assessed in healthy male volunteers. An ongoing administration of AAS did not affect the levels of IGF-I. Klotho protein was ~30% higher in men with an ongoing AAS use compared to those with previous (>2 months ago) AAS use, and the serum klotho protein correlated negatively with luteinizing hormone (LH) (rs = −0.38, p = 0.04) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (rs = −0.35, p = 0.05) levels. Serum IGF-I and klotho concentrations showed no correlation in the AAS using population but showed a strong negative correlation in healthy volunteers (rs = −0.86, p = 0.006). The intake of recombinant GH did not affect the serum concentrations of the klotho levels. In conclusion, IGF-I was not affected by supra-physiological AAS doses in men. Interestingly, an association between AAS intake and serum klotho was seen. The usefulness of klotho as an androgen biomarker warrants further studies, whereas klotho can be discarded as a promising biomarker for GH doping.
|
|
| 21. |
- Qadri, Firdausi, et al.
(författare)
-
Reduction in capsular content and enhanced bacterial susceptibility to serum killing of Vibrio cholerae O139 associated with the 2002 cholera epidemic in Bangladesh
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Infect Immun. ; 73:10, s. 6577-6583
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibrio cholerae O139 emerged in 1992 as a major cause of epidemic cholera. However, the incidence of disease due to this new serogroup subsequently decreased for almost a decade. In April 2002, there was a dramatic resurgence of V. cholerae O139 in Bangladesh. We compared the phenotypic properties of the bacterial isolates and the immunological responses in patients with disease due to V. cholerae O139 during the 2002 epidemic with those dating to the emergence of this disease in 1993 to 1995. Strains isolated from patients in the two time periods were compared with respect to capsular polysaccharide, their resistance to the bactericidal effect of serum, and their capacity to be used as target strains in complement-mediated vibriocidal assays. Phase-contrast microscopy showed that strains isolated in 2002 had less capsular material than those isolated from 1993 to 1995 (P = <0.001), a finding confirmed by electron microscopic studies. Strains isolated in 2002 were more susceptible to the bactericidal activity of serum compared to strains from 1993 to 1995 (P = 0.013). Compared to results using a standard O139 strain, a modified vibriocidal assay utilizing a 2002 strain, CIRS 134, as the target organism detected higher vibriocidal responses in both O139-infected cholera patients as well as O139 vaccine recipients. The vibriocidal assay utilizing the less encapsulated 2002 strain, CIRS 134, is a more sensitive indicator of adaptive immune responses to recent infection with V. cholerae O139. Consequently, this assay may be useful in studies of both O139-infected patients and recipients of O139 vaccines.
|
|
| 22. |
- Sakib, Najmuj, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychometric Validation of the Bangla Fear of COVID-19 Scale : Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Rasch Analysis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. - : Springer. - 1557-1874 .- 1557-1882. ; 20:5, s. 2623-2634
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recently developed Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is a seven-item uni-dimensional scale that assesses the severity of fears of COVID-19. Given the rapid increase of COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh, we aimed to translate and validate the FCV-19S in Bangla. The forward-backward translation method was used to translate the English version of the questionnaire into Bangla. The reliability and validity properties of the Bangla FCV-19S were rigorously psychometrically evaluated (utilizing both confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis) in relation to socio-demographic variables, national lockdown variables, and response to the Bangla Health Patient Questionnaire. The sample comprised 8550 Bangladeshi participants. The Cronbach α value for the Bangla FCV-19S was 0.871 indicating very good internal reliability. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the uni-dimensional factor structure of the FCV-19S fitted well with the data. The FCV-19S was significantly correlated with the nine-item Bangla Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-90) (r = 0.406, p < 0.001). FCV-19S scores were significantly associated with higher worries concerning lockdown. Measurement invariance of the FCV-19S showed no differences with respect to age or gender. The Bangla version of FCV-19S is a valid and reliable tool with robust psychometric properties which will be useful for researchers carrying out studies among the Bangla speaking population in assessing the psychological impact of fear from COVID-19 infection during this pandemic.
|
|
| 23. |
- Akter, S., et al.
(författare)
-
The frequency of circulating integrin alpha 4 beta 7(+) cells correlates with protection against Helicobacter pylori infection in immunized mice
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Helicobacter. - : Wiley. - 1083-4389 .- 1523-5378. ; 24:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is the cause of peptic ulcers in a subpopulation of individuals and a risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. A vaccine against H pylori infection can prevent the acquisition of the infection and protect against reinfections. Clinical trials to date evaluating the efficacy of H pylori vaccines in human challenge models have shown moderate to poor protection with difficulties in predicting efficacy. Thus, while further studies are needed to design an effective vaccine, we also need to find relevant correlates for vaccine efficacy. Objective To find immune correlates to vaccine efficacy, the frequencies of neutrophils, eosinophils and inflammatory monocytes and CD4(+) T-cell memory and mucosa homing integrin alpha 4 beta 7(+) cells were assessed by flow cytometry in the blood of mice after vaccination. Materials and Methods H pylori antigens and cholera toxin or the multiple mutant CT (mmCT) were administered via the sublingual (SL) and intragastric route (IG). The vaccinated mice were infected with H pylori strain SS1 bacteria, and colonization in the stomach and immune responses were evaluated. Results The H pylori vaccine was effective in reducing bacterial load in the stomach of mice and enhancing immune responses compared to unvaccinated infection controls. In the blood of mice after SL or IG route of vaccination, we observed changes in frequencies of innate and adaptive immune cell subsets compared to infection controls. Remarkably, the frequency of circulating mucosal homing alpha 4 beta 7(+)CD4(+) T cells after vaccination correlated with low bacterial load in the stomach of individual mice irrespective of the immunization route. Conclusions Our study shows that the innate and adaptive immune cell subsets can be measured in the blood after vaccination and that increased frequency of alpha 4 beta 7(+)CD4(+) in the blood after immunization could be used as a predictive marker for the efficacy of vaccine against H pylori infection.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Bhuiyan, M. Z. A., et al.
(författare)
-
Message from the IUCC-2020 program chairs ISPA-BDCloud-SocialCom-SustainCom 2020
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications, 2020 IEEE International Conference on Big Data and Cloud Computing, 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Social Computing and Networking and 2020 IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Communications, ISPA-BDCloud-SocialCom-SustainCom 2020. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc..
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 27. |
- Bhuiyan, T. R., et al.
(författare)
-
Enumeration of Gut-Homing beta 7-Positive, Pathogen-Specific Antibody-Secreting Cells in Whole Blood from Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli- and Vibrio cholerae-Infected Patients, Determined Using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Spot Assay Technique
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 1556-6811 .- 1556-679X. ; 23:1, s. 27-36
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are noninvasive mucosal pathogens that cause acute watery diarrhea in people in developing countries. Direct assessment of the mucosal immune responses to these pathogens is problematic. Surrogate markers of local mucosal responses in blood are increasingly being studied to determine the mucosal immune responses after infection. However, the volume of blood available in children and infants has limited this approach. We assessed whether an approach that first isolates beta 7-positive cells from a small volume of blood would allow measurement of the antigen-specific immune responses in patients with cholera and ETEC infection. beta 7 is a cell surface marker associated with mucosal homing. We isolated beta 7-expressing cells from blood on days 2, 7, and 30 and used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay to assess the gut-homing antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) specific to pathogen antigens. Patients with ETEC diarrhea showed a significant increase in toxin-specific gut-homing ASCs at day 7 compared to the levels at days 2 and 30 after onset of illness and to the levels in healthy controls. Similar elevations of responses to the ETEC colonization factors (CFs) CS6 and CFA/I were observed in patients infected with CS6- and CFA/I-positive ETEC strains. Antigen-specific gut-homing ASCs to the B subunit of cholera toxin and cholera-specific lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were also observed on day 7 after the onset of cholera using this approach. This study demonstrates that a simple ELISPOT assay can be used to study the mucosal immunity to specific antigens using a cell-sorting protocol to isolate mucosal homing cells, facilitating measurement of mucosal responses in children following infection or vaccination.
|
|
| 28. |
- Chowdhury, Fahima, et al.
(författare)
-
Concomitant enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection induces increased immune responses to Vibrio cholerae O1 antigens in patients with cholera in Bangladesh.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Infection and immunity. - 1098-5522. ; 78:5, s. 2117-24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibrio cholerae O1 and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are major bacterial pathogens that cause dehydrating disease requiring hospitalization of children and adults. The cholera toxin (CT) produced by V. cholerae O1 and the heat-labile toxin (LT) and/or heat-stable toxin (ST) of ETEC are responsible for secretory diarrhea. We have observed that about 13% of hospitalized diarrheal patients are concomitantly infected with V. cholerae O1 and ETEC. In order to understand the outcome of such dual infections on the clinical and immunological responses in cholera patients, we studied patients infected with V. cholerae O1 (group VC; n = 25), those infected with both V. cholerae O1 and ETEC (group VCET; n = 25), and those infected with ETEC only (group ET; n = 25). The VCET group showed more severe dehydration and had a higher intake of intravenous fluid and more vomiting than the ETEC group (P = 0.01 to 0.003). The VCET patients showed higher vibriocidal responses and increased antibody titers to cholera toxin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in plasma than did the V. cholerae O1 patients (P = 0.02 to <0.001). All responses in the V. cholerae O1 and in the VCET groups were more robust than those seen in the group infected with ETEC only (P = 0.01 to <0.001). We thus show that concomitant colonization with ETEC induces immune responses to V. cholerae antigens that are more robust than those seen with V. cholerae O1 infection alone. It is possible that LT or other factors expressed by ETEC may play a role as a mucosal adjuvant in enhancing the immune responses to V. cholerae O1.
|
|
| 29. |
- Favre-Felix, Antoine, et al.
(författare)
-
Absolute Eye Gaze Estimation With Biosensors in Hearing Aids
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1662-4548 .- 1662-453X. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People with hearing impairment typically have difficulties following conversations in multi-talker situations. Previous studies have shown that utilizing eye gaze to steer audio through beamformers could be a solution for those situations. Recent studies have shown that in-ear electrodes that capture electrooculography in the ear (EarEOG) can estimate the eye-gaze relative to the head, when the head was fixed. The head movement can be estimated using motion sensors around the ear to create an estimate of the absolute eye-gaze in the room. In this study, an experiment was designed to mimic a multi-talker situation in order to study and model the EarEOG signal when participants attempted to follow a conversation. Eleven hearing impaired participants were presented speech from the DAT speech corpus (Bo Nielsen et al., 2014), with three targets positioned at -30 degrees, 0 degrees and +30 degrees azimuth. The experiment was run in two setups: one where the participants had their head fixed in a chinrest, and the other where they were free to move their head. The participants task was to focus their visual attention on an LED-indicated target that changed regularly. A model was developed for the relative eye-gaze estimation, taking saccades, fixations, head movement and drift from the electrode-skin half-cell into account. This model explained 90.5% of the variance of the EarEOG when the head was fixed, and 82.6% when the head was free. The absolute eye-gaze was also estimated utilizing that model. When the head was fixed, the estimation of the absolute eye-gaze was reliable. However, due to hardware issues, the estimation of the absolute eye-gaze when the head was free had a variance that was too large to reliably estimate the attended target. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of estimating absolute eye-gaze using EarEOG and motion sensors around the ear.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Moro, Fabrizio, et al.
(författare)
-
Room Temperature Uniaxial Magnetic Anisotropy Induced By Fe-Islands in the InSe Semiconductor Van Der Waals Crystal
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Advanced Science. - : WILEY. - 2198-3844. ; 5:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The controlled manipulation of the spin and charge of electrons in a semiconductor has the potential to create new routes to digital electronics beyond Moores law, spintronics, and quantum detection and imaging for sensing applications. These technologies require a shift from traditional semiconducting and magnetic nanostructured materials. Here, a new material system is reported, which comprises the InSe semiconductor van der Waals crystal that embeds ferromagnetic Fe-islands. In contrast to many traditional semiconductors, the electronic properties of InSe are largely preserved after the incorporation of Fe. Also, this system exhibits ferromagnetic resonances and a large uniaxial magnetic anisotropy at room temperature, offering opportunities for the development of functional devices that integrate magnetic and semiconducting properties within the same material system.
|
|
| 33. |
- Qadria, Firdausi, et al.
(författare)
-
Immune responses and protection in children in developing countries induced by oral vaccines.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2518 .- 0264-410X. ; 31:3, s. 452-460
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oral mucosal vaccines have great promise for generating protective immunity against intestinal infections for the benefit of large numbers of people especially young children. There however appears to be a caveat since these vaccines have to overcome the inbuilt resistance of mucosal surfaces and secretions to inhibit antigen stimulation and responses. Unfortunately, these vaccines are not equally immunogenic nor protective in different populations. When compared to industrialized countries, children living in developing countries appear to have lower responses, but the reasons for these lowered responses are not clearly defined. The most likely explanations relate to undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, microbial overload on mucosal surfaces, alteration of microbiome and microbolom and irreversible changes on the mucosa as well as maternal antibodies in serum or breast milk may alter the mucosal pathology and lower immune responses to interventions using oral vaccines. The detrimental effect of adverse environment and malnutrition may bring about irreversible changes in the mucosa of children especially in the first 1000 days of life from conception to after birth and up to two years of age. This review aims to summarize the information available on lowered immune responses to mucosal vaccines and on interventions that may help address the constraints of these vaccines when they are used for children living under the greatest stress and under harmful adverse circumstances.
|
|
| 34. |
- Quiñones, A. O., et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of concentration and temperature dependent dielectric constants on the thermodynamics of electrolytes
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Liquids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-7322. ; 371
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The symmetric Poisson–Boltzmann theory, the modified Poisson–Boltzmann theory, and the mean spherical approximation are utilized to calculate the osmotic coefficient, and the individual and mean activity coefficients of model KCl, LiCl, NaCl, and NaClO4 electrolytes all dissociated in water where the dielectric constant depends on concentration. The theories are also employed to compute the same thermodynamic quantities for HCl and NaCl solutions where the dielectric constant is now temperature dependent. In each situation the theoretical predictions are compared with the corresponding exact benchmark Monte Carlo simulation results. The mean spherical approximation and the modified Poisson–Boltzmann theory reproduce the simulation data for osmotic coefficient quantitatively and that for the mean activity almost quantitatively. The individual activities are accurately represented by the modified Poisson–Boltzmann theory but only qualitatively by the symmetric Poisson–Boltzmann and the mean spherical approximation. In general, the symmetric Poisson–Boltzmann theory shows good agreement with the simulations at low concentrations but deviates at higher concentrations.
|
|
| 35. |
- Raihan Uddin, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Energy analysis of a solar driven vaccine refrigerator using environment-friendly refrigerants for off-grid locations
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2590-1745. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many remote localities, one of the underlying reasons for not receiving life-saving vaccines is the lack of electricity to store the vaccines in the required refrigerated conditions. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) refrigerators have been considered as a viable and green solution to store the vaccines in remote localities having no access to electricity. In this paper, a detailed methodology has been presented for the performance evaluation of a solar PV powered vaccine refrigerator for remote locations. Thermal modelling with hourly cooling load calculations and refrigeration cycle simulations were carried out. The performance parameters for three environment-friendly refrigerants: R152a, R1234yf, and R1234ze(E) has been compared against the commonly used R134a for two remote, off-grid locations in Bangladesh and South Sudan. The energy systems comprising of solar PV panels and batteries to run the refrigerator were modelled in HOMER software for techno-economic optimizations. For both the locations, R152a was found to be the best performing refrigerant exhibiting higher COP (2%−5.29%) as compared to the other refrigerants throughout the year, while R1234ze(E) exhibited COPs on par with R134a, and R1234yf had the least performance. Techno-economic analysis showed an energy system providing electricity to the refrigerator with R152a also had lower levelized cost of electricity (0.48%−2.54%) than the systems having other refrigerants in these locations.
|
|
| 36. |
- Skoglund, Martin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Activity Tracking Using Ear-Level Accelerometers
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in digital health. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2673-253X. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: By means of adding more sensor technology, modern hearing aids (HAs) strive to become better, more personalized, and self-adaptive devices that can handle environmental changes and cope with the day-to-day fitness of the users. The latest HA technology available in the market already combines sound analysis with motion activity classification based on accelerometers to adjust settings. While there is a lot of research in activity tracking using accelerometers in sports applications and consumer electronics, there is not yet much in hearing research. Objective: This study investigates the feasibility of activity tracking with ear-level accelerometers and how it compares to waist-mounted accelerometers, which is a more common measurement location. Method: The activity classification methods in this study are based on supervised learning. The experimental set up consisted of 21 subjects, equipped with two XSens MTw Awinda at ear-level and one at waist-level, performing nine different activities. Results: The highest accuracy on our experimental data as obtained with the combination of Bagging and Classification tree techniques. The total accuracy over all activities and users was 84% (ear-level), 90% (waist-level), and 91% (ear-level + waist-level). Most prominently, the classes, namely, standing, jogging, laying (on one side), laying (face-down), and walking all have an accuracy of above 90%. Furthermore, estimated ear-level step-detection accuracy was 95% in walking and 90% in jogging. Conclusion: It is demonstrated that several activities can be classified, using ear-level accelerometers, with an accuracy that is on par with waist-level. It is indicated that step-detection accuracy is comparable to a high-performance wrist device. These findings are encouraging for the development of activity applications in hearing healthcare.
|
|
| 37. |
- Svennerholm, Ann-Mari, 1947, et al.
(författare)
-
Induction of mucosal and systemic immune responses against the common O78 antigen of an oral inactivated ETEC vaccine in Bangladeshi children and infants
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X. ; 40:2, s. 380-389
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We tested an oral enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine, ETVAX, consisting of inactivated E. coli overexpressing the most prevalent ETEC colonization factors (CFs) and a toxoid (LCTBA), in Bangladeshi children for capacity to induce mucosal and plasma immune responses against O78 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) expressed on the vaccine strains. The vaccine was given +/- double-mutant heat-labile toxin (dmLT) adjuvant. We evaluated the impact of dmLT on anti-O78 LPS immune responses and whether such responses can predict responses against the CFs as a marker for vaccine "take". Two fractionated doses of ETVAX +/- different amounts of dmLT were administered biweekly to groups of children 24-59 (n = 125), 12-23 (n = 97) and 6-11 (n = 158) months of age. Immune responses were evaluated in antibody in lymphocyte supernatants (ALS), fecal extracts and plasma. ALS IgA responses against O78 LPS were induced in 44-49% of the children aged 12-59 months. The magnitudes of the ALS responses were significantly higher in children receiving a half-dose (5 x 10(10) bacteria) of ETVAX +/- dmLT than in placebo recipients. <10% of the vaccinees aged 6-11 months mounted ALS responses against O78 LPS. However, 49% of the infants developed fecal secretory IgA responses which were significantly more frequent in those receiving a quarter-dose (2.5 x 10(10) bacteria) of vaccine + dmLT (62%) compared to a quarter-dose alone (36%). Plasma IgA antibody responses were induced in 80% of older children and 36% of infants. The frequencies of O78 LPS responses in plasma and feces were comparable or higher than against the vaccine CFs in infants. Our findings show that ETVAX induced mucosal and systemic immune responses against O78 LPS in all age groups and that dmLT improved intestinal immune responses among infants. These observations may have implications for more successful use of other oral vaccines based on O antigens in children. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
|
|
