| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bihagen, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Can class and status really be disentangled
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility. - : Elsevier BV. - 0276-5624 .- 1878-5654. ; 58, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tak Wing Chan and John Goldthorpe (CG) have argued that it makes theoretical and empirical sense to use indicators of both class and status in analyses of cultural consumption, political attitudes and labour market outcomes in order to disentangle different mechanisms of stratification. However, we argue that class and status measured by occupationally based stratification variables are too strongly mutually associated for this to be a reliable approach. We provide empirical analyses, using secondary survey data from the UK’s BHPS, that indicate that the measures of class and status largely tap the same form of stratification. It turns out that class accounts for around 75% and more of the variation in status and even more if excluding outliers. Moreover, class and status are similarly associated with earnings, have similar experience-earnings curves, and patterns in relevant model residuals are not consistent with the theoretical differences between class and status. In conclusion we point out alternative and more accurate usages of Weber’s concepts of status and also suggest a more realistic and pragmatic view on occupationally based stratification variables.
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| 3. |
- Bihagen, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Class Origin and Elite Position of Men in Business Firms in Sweden, 1993-2007 : The Importance of Education, Cognitive Ability, and Personality
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Sociological Review. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0266-7215 .- 1468-2672. ; 29:5, s. 939-954
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using Swedish registry data, we study the impact of class origin on becoming part of the business elite between 1993 and 2007 for men aged 35–44 years. The elite is defined as the top 1 per cent of wage earners within large firms. We find a clear working class disadvantage and, with time, a polarization between those of working class origin and others. Decomposition analyses indicate that differences in educational attainment levels cause a large part of the gap, but less so over time. Differences in personality traits measured at around the age of 18 years also help explain the class origin differentials, and more so over time. The decomposition analyses indicate that the net effect of cognitive abilities is small. The results suggest a change in the value of education and personality in the labour market over time, but as men of working class origins have disadvantages in both domains, the relative disadvantage of coming from the working class was rather stable during the period 1993–2007.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bihagen, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Dead-End Jobs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789400707535 ; , s. 1461-1464
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Bihagen, Erik
(författare)
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Does Class Matter Equally for Men and Women? A Study of the Impact of Class on Wage Growth in Sweden 1999-2003
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Sociology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1440-7833 .- 1741-2978. ; 42:3, s. 522-540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been suggested that class schemas are appropriate for analysing class relations among men but not among women.This article examines wage growth patterns, i.e. a crucial aspect of class relations. There are several reasons why class would be less effective as a predictor of wage growth for women than for men: for example, that factors such as discrimination blur this association for women; and that women are over-represented in occupational sectors where this association is less strong.The analyses are based on a Swedish panel data set of employees (age 30—35 years) in large private firms and in the public sector who had the same employer in 1999 and 2003 (N about 99,000). Class is measured using the European Socio-economic Classification — ESeC. Contrary to some expectations class patterns of wage growth are similar for women and men and for different sectors of the labour market.
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| 7. |
- Bihagen, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Elite mobility among college graduated men in Sweden : Skills, personality and family ties
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Sociologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0001-6993 .- 1502-3869. ; 60:4, s. 291-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using Swedish registry data, we study the chances of mobility into the Swedish labour market elite for men who graduated in the years 1985-2005. The elite is defined as top earners within mid- and large sized firms and within the public sector organisations (henceforth, we use organisation for both firms and public organisations). Using discrete time event history models, we study the incidence of elite entry in terms of external recruitment and internal promotion. The choice of field of study and of college or university are important, as are personality and, to a limited extent, cognitive ability. What is most striking is that having kin in elite positions increases the chance of elite entry in general, and having parents in top positions in the same organisation increases the likelihood of internal promotion. In sum, elite entry among college-educated males is associated with a diversity of factors, suggesting that complex explanations for labour market success should be considered, where skills, personality, and family ties all seem to matter.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Bihagen, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Later and less? New evidence on occupational maturity for Swedish women and men
- 2024
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Ingår i: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility. - : Elsevier. - 0276-5624 .- 1878-5654. ; 89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A common assumption in the social stratification literature is that the lion’s share of people reaches occupational maturity quite early in working life, i.e., they end up in an occupation/class position and stay there. The conventional view is that career maturity is reached around the age of 35. By using Swedish longitudinal occupational biographies across six birth cohorts from 1925 to 1984, this study challenges this view. Our findings reveal substantial career transitions throughout working life, an increase across cohorts, and a wide variation in the age of the last class transition. This suggests that careers are not in general static positions from a certain age, but fluctuate over time. There are signs of a general slowing down of career transitions across working lives, but this comes later in life and to a smaller extent than expected. These findings suggest that research often based on cross sectional data, e.g. studies on intergenerational mobility and class differences in health, need to incorporate career mobility data. More research is needed to illuminate if the results of Sweden, in terms of a low and decreasing level of occupational maturity can be replicated in other countries.
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| 12. |
- Bihagen, Erik
(författare)
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Nya möjligheter för stratifieringsforskning i Sverige : Internationella yrkesklassificeringar och stratifieringsmått över tid
- 2007
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - : Sveriges sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 44:1, s. 52-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New opportunities for social stratification research in Sweden: International occupational classifications and stratification measures over timeThe Swedish occupational classifications have in recent years been changed to a version of the international standard ISCO-88(COM), i.e. SSYK 96. As a consequence, a wide variety of internationally well-known stratification measures can be applied to Swedish data sets. In this article some tests of the validity of translation keys between the older national classifications and SSYK 96 are presented. The keys seem to work satisfactorily. Thus, it is possible to create long time-series with ISCO/SSYK and use these well-known stratification measures over time. Hence, the international interest in Swedish data sets, and empirical results based on these data sets, could rise. Moreover, in the article an empirical regularity, which is quite astonishing, is paid attention to; stratification measures based on different theoretical rationales indicate very similar hierarchies of occupations.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Bihagen, Erik
(författare)
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Rosemary Crompton: Class and Stratification
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Sociologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0001-6993 .- 1502-3869. ; 52:2, s. 176-191
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Bihagen, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Social stratifiering och social klass
- 2012
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Ingår i: Den orättvisa hälsan. - : Liber. - 9789147099757 ; , s. 28-45
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Bihagen, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Social stratifiering och social klass
- 2018. - 2
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Ingår i: Den orättvisa hälsan. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147113545 ; , s. 32-49
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- Bihagen, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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The crucial aspects of class: An empirical assessment of the relevance of class analysis with Swedish data covering the late twentieth century
- 2000
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Ingår i: Work Employment and Society. - 0950-0170. ; 14:2, s. 307-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Class structure and class formation are two crucial aspects of class. The former relates to differences in market positions and the latter concerns social factors such as interaction, mobility and class action. This paper is based on Swedish data covering the period from 1975 to 1995 Analysis reveals a persistent class hierarchy and that there is no trend towards declining class differences regarding market position. The situation is better described as being in a state of non-linear flux. However, one persistent trend is discernible; class explains less and less of the variance in wage income. Looking at class formation there is a decline over time in class-homogeneity. Most Swedes are mobile in the sense that they end up in a class position different from their father's. A growing majority of all marriage is also class mixed. However, although classes generally lack homogeneity, social boundaries still exist, i.e., tendencies for immobility and class homogeneous marriage. In relation to the 'class-is-dying' hypothesis, the results generally indicate the continuing relevance of class, although the view of classes as homogenous social groups is increasingly troublesome over time.
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| 20. |
- Bihagen, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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The direct and indirect effects of social background on occupational positions in Sweden : new evidence on old questions
- 2016
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Ingår i: Education, occupation and social origin<em></em>. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 978 1 78536 044 2 - 978 1 78536 045 9 ; , s. 182-198
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter looks at Sweden, long extolled as an egalitarian society with low economic inequalities and high levels of equality of opportunity (e.g., Björklund and Jäntti 2011). Our research questions follow those of the broader project. First, we ask whether direct class background effects are found in Sweden. The second question concerns whether the effects of social background have changed over time. Third, we ask whether direct class background effects are weaker among persons with a tertiary education. Fourth, we are interested in whether class-of-origin effects are stronger or weaker at labour market entry, when employers have less information on potential workers and vice versa, than at later career stages. Finally, we analyse whether direct social origin effects vary by gender. In section 12.2, we discuss the Swedish context and its relevant institutions and characteristics. Then in section 12.3 we review the previous studies pertaining to our research questions. Thereafter, in section 12.4, we present our data. In section 12.5 we present our findings, while section 12.6 provides a discussion.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Bihagen, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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The gender gap in the business elite: stability and change in characteristics of Swedish top wage earners in large private companies, 1993-2007
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Sociologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0001-6993 .- 1502-3869. ; 57:2, s. 119-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using unique Swedish register data on all employees in large private companies, we study trends in the gender composition of top wage employees from 1993 to 2007. The analyses reveal that the likelihood of women holding top wage positions has more than doubled since the early 1990s, but men are still markedly over-represented in this group of employees. We focus on educational choices, considering level and field of study as well as university attended. One important conclusion is that, although education is important in reaching a top wage position, field of education and university attended only marginally explain the gender gap. However, relative to other women, having a career signalling degree (i.e. economics, law or engineering) from a more prestigious university helps women. Dividing the sample into different cohorts indicates that the gender gap is partly a cohort effect, i.e. it is smaller among those born in the 1960s compared to cohorts born in the 1940s and 1950s. It should be noted that there is still a gender gap among employees born in the 1960s and that the gap widens after age 30. Future studies should focus more deeply on this family-related ‘period of divergence’.
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| 23. |
- Bihagen, Erik
(författare)
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Vad alla bör ha råd med : en analys av vilken konsumtion som anses vara nödvändig i dagens Sverige
- 2002
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - : Sveriges Sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 39:2, s. 8-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What everyone should be able to afford. An analysis of w hat kinds of consumptionare regarded as necessary in contemporary SwedenSome degree of consensus concerning perceptions of consumption is important to create and refine social policy as well as measures of poverty. Possible reasons for both consensus and certain social cleavages about what is perceived as necessities are discussed. Analysing data from Statistics Sweden’s 1998 Survey of Living Conditions, the following conclusions are drawn. There are 12 items for which there is a fairly high level of consensus. This indicates the possibility of calculating both a generally accepted level for supplementary benefits and an accepted measure of poverty/living standards. However, there are also cleavages. The most interesting, and even surprising, ones show a more restricted view on necessities among groups that are relatively economically advantaged, i.e. well-educated and ‘higher’ social classes. Moreover, there are sex differences and expected political differences - ‘neoliberals’ have a somewhat more restricted view.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Griffiths, Dave, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring the Potential Power Elite in the UK and Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Societies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6696 .- 1469-8307. ; 16:5, s. 742-762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a methodology for using survey data to understand the composition of elites, through analysing the pool of potential members. An occupational-based measure of ‘potential power elite’ (PPE) is created and compared with other measures of occupational advantage. It is argued that this measure can be utilised to explore if the processes causing certain social groups to be under-represented in elite positions are around selection or the population recruited from. We provide analysis of elite positions in the UK and Sweden, demonstrating differences in terms of the potential pool of elite members and the occupational histories of people of those employed in roles associated with elite recruitment. We argue that understanding the composition of the PPE provides a more nuanced analysis of the processes of meritocracy in accessing positions of power and social influence.
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| 26. |
- Hansen, Lars, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Svensk yrkesstruktur och yrkesklassificering över tid
- 2003
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Ingår i: Reflektioner. Perspektiv i forskning om arbetsliv och arbetsmarknad, Marianne Blomsterberg & Tiiu Soidre (red). - Göteborg : University of Gothenburg. ; , s. 45-68
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 27. |
- Hiyoshi, Ayako, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Stress resilience in adolescence and subsequent antidepressant and anxiolytic medication in middle aged men : Swedish cohort study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Pergamon-Elsevier. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 134, s. 43-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is unclear whether psychological resilience to stress in adolescence represents a persistent characteristic relevant to the subsequent risk for depression and anxiety in later adulthood. We aimed to test whether low psychological stress resilience assessed in adolescence is associated with an increased risk of receiving medication for depression and anxiety in middle age. We utilized Swedish register-based cohort study. Men born between 1952 and 1956 (n = 175,699), who underwent compulsory assessment for military conscription in late adolescence were followed to examine subsequent risk of pharmaceutically-treated depression and anxiety in middle age, from 2006 to 2009 corresponding to ages between 50 and 58 years, using Cox regression. The associations of stress resilience with prescription of antidepressant and anxiolytics medication through potential mediating factors cognitive and physical function and adult socioeconomic factors were calculated. Low stress resilience was associated with elevated risks for antidepressant (hazard ratio (HR):1.5 (95% CI 1.4 1.6)) and anxiolytics (HR:2.4 (CI 2.0 2.7)) medication. Adjustment for measures of childhood living circumstances attenuated the associations somewhat. Around a third of association with low stress resilience, and a half of that with moderate resilience, was mediated through cognitive and physical function in adolescence and adult socioeconomic factors. The magnitude of the inverse association of higher cognitive function with antidepressant medication was eliminated among those with low stress resilience. These results indicate that low stress resilience in adolescence is associated with an increased risk for antidepressant and anxiolytics medication over 30 years later, in part mediated through developmental factors in adolescence and socioeconomic circumstances in adulthood, and low stress resilience can diminish or eliminate the inverse association of higher cognitive function with antidepressant medication.
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| 28. |
- Härkönen, Juho, et al.
(författare)
-
Gender inequalities in occupational prestige across the working life : An analysis of the careers of West Germans and Swedes born from the 1920s to the 1970s
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Advances in Life Course Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1040-2608. ; 29:SI, s. 41-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using retrospective occupational biography data from West Germany and Sweden we analyze gender inequalities in occupational careers in three birth cohorts (1920s to early 1940s, mid-1940s to early 1960s, and mid-1960s to late 1970s). We ask whether gender inequalities are generated at labour market entry, whether career progression and parenthood weaken or strengthen such gender inequalities, and how they differ across cohorts in the two countries. With data from the German Life History Study and the Swedish Level of Living Surveys, we used growth curve analysis to model career developments in occupational prestige. We find less change in occupational prestige across careers in Germany than in Sweden. In both countries a clear female disadvantage in occupational prestige in the oldest cohort has turned into a female advantage in the youngest cohort. This is only partially explained by changes in educational attainment levels. We also find a substantial motherhood penalty in careers in both countries, which has shifted to a fatherhood premium in Sweden over time.
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| 29. |
- Härkönen, Juho, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational Attainment and Career Progression in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Societies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6696 .- 1469-8307. ; 13:3, s. 451-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze occupational attainment and career progression over the life course for Swedish men and women, born in 1925–1974. Careers progress (measured as improvements in occupational prestige) fast during the first 5–10 years in the labour market, and flatten out afterwards (approximately between 30–40 years of age). This is in line with the occupational status maturation hypothesis. Both class origin and educational attainment affect occupational attainment. The effects of educational attainment vary more over the career, but depend on the educational attainment level in question. Successive cohorts of women gain higher occupational prestige, and continue to gain in occupational prestige longer across their careers. We also find that cohorts that entered the labour market in times of economic downturns and restructuring (the oil crisis years and the early 1990s) had more difficulties in establishing their careers. Returns to education generally increase across cohorts, while class background differences decrease, as has been reported in earlier research.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Jonsson, Jan O., 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Poverty in Sweden 1991-2007. Change, dynamics, and intergenerational transmission of poverty during economic recession and growth
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Summary • Has poverty increased or decreased in Sweden during the last two decades? The answer to this question depends on the definition of poverty. In relative terms poverty has increased due to increasing income differences. • Between 5 and 11 per cent of the population ended up in absolute poverty between 1991 and 2007. The proportions were much higher for those living alone, for young adults, and for immigrants, particularly those newly arrived. • Half of the poor leave poverty already the year after entry. The group of poor therefore is composed to a large extent by those who are long-term poor. For those who have once been poor, the risk is high to return to poverty. • Poverty is strongly associated with economic recession and growth. When the macroeconomic conditions are favourable fewer become poor and the persistence in poverty decreases. • Long-term poverty, defined in absolute terms, has decreased but become more concentrated to those living alone and to immigrants. Among immigrants, persistence is higher than among those born in Sweden. • An individual’s incomes and risk of poverty are associated with the household incomes during childhood. Those who grow up poor have excess risks for ending up poor as adults. The probability of ending up as high-income earners is much higher for those who grew up under such advantaged conditions themselves as compared to others. • Intergenerational income mobility increased between 1995 and 2005, approximately, but whereas inequality of opportunity thus decreased the economic consequences of the income background grew.
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| 32. |
- Jonsson, Jan O., 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Poverty trends during two recessions and two recoveries : Lessons from Sweden 1991—2013
- 2016
-
Ingår i: IZA Journal of European Labor Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2193-9012. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study cross-sectional and long-term poverty in Sweden over a period spanning two recessions, and discuss changes in the policy context. We find large increases in absolute poverty and deprivation during the 1990’s recession but much smaller increases in 2008-2010. While increases in non-employment contributed to increasing poverty in the 1990’s, the temporary poverty increase 2008-2010 was entirely due to growing poverty among non-employed. Relative poverty has increased with little variation across business cycles. Outflow from poverty and long-term poverty respond quickly to macro-economic recovery, but around one percent of the working-aged are quite resistant to such improvements.
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| 33. |
- Kjellsson, Sara, 1975-
(författare)
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Sick of Work? : Questions of Class, Gender and Self-Rated Health
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines two aspects of social inequalities in health with three empirical studies that are based on the Swedish Level of Living survey (LNU): The relationship between accumulated occupational class positions during adulthood and health and the class-specific nature of gender differences in health. Previous research continuously finds that there are health differences by class and gender, but less is known about the extent to which accumulated class experiences in adulthood are related to health or how gender differences vary by class. The overall conclusion in this thesis is that occupational class experiences matters for health, both as historical and current experiences. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of taking class into consideration when examining health differences between men and women, as the mechanisms that underlie the gender gaps in health are not necessarily the same for all classes. The studies can be outlined as:Study I: Class differences in working conditions is a mechanism that underlies class inequalities in health. The working class is generally more exposed to adverse working environments than non-manual employees, and when the wear and tear of these conditions accumulate over time, the length of this exposure may contribute to class inequalities in health. Thereby, accumulated time in the working class is studied as a partial explanation for class differences in health. The results suggest that the duration of time in the working class is related to a higher probability of less than good self-rated general health (SRH), given current class position. This association was also found among individuals who were no longer in working class positions and thus show that duration of experience matters, both as current and past experience.Study II: The study addresses the research gap of class-specificity in gender health inequality and seeks to further disentangle class and gender by studying gender gaps separately by class. The results show that there are class-specific gender gaps for both SRH and musculoskeletal pain, while the gender gap in psychiatric distress appears to be more general across class. Working conditions do not explain the between-class differences in gender gaps but contribute to specific gender differences in health within classes.Study III: The labour market has changed over time and has “upgraded” the class structure while at the same time the share of women in paid employment has increased. Therefore, female health may be increasingly influenced by occupational factors, such as working conditions. This study explores the class-specific nature of gender differences and investigates musculoskeletal pain and working conditions among employed men and women within classes during a time-period that spanned more than 30 years. There were class-specific gender gaps in health throughout the period. The gender gap has increased more, and is wider, among non-manual employees compared to the working classes. This development could not be explained by changes in working conditions.
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| 34. |
- Lagergren, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Marital status, education, and income in relation to the risk of esophaegal and gastric cancer by histological type and site
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cancer. - Stockholm : Wiley. - 0008-543X .- 1097-0142. ; 122:2, s. 207-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUNDMarital status, income, and education might influence the risk of esophageal and gastric cancer, but the literature is limited. A large study addressing subtypes of these tumors was used to clarify these associations.METHODSA nationwide, Swedish population–based cohort study from 1991 to 2010 included individuals who were 50 years old or older. Data on exposures, covariates, and outcomes were obtained from well-maintained registers. Four esophagogastric tumor subtypes were analyzed in combination and separately: esophageal adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, cardia adenocarcinoma, and noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma. Poisson regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for confounders.RESULTSAmong 4,734,227 participants (60,634,007 person-years), 24,095 developed esophageal or gastric cancer. In comparison with individuals in a long marriage, increased IRRs were found among participants who were in a shorter marriage or were never married, remarried, divorced, or widowed. These associations were indicated for each tumor subtype but were generally stronger for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Higher education and income were associated with decreased IRRs in a seemingly dose-response manner and similarly for each subtype. In comparison with the completion of only primary school, higher tertiary education rendered an IRR of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.60-0.69) for men and an IRR of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.61-0.75) for women. Comparing participants in the highest and lowest income brackets (highest 20% vs lowest 20%) revealed an IRR of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.70-0.79) for men and an IRR of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.76-0.91) for women.CONCLUSIONSDivorce, widowhood, living alone, low educational attainment, and low income increase the risk of each subtype of esophageal and gastric cancer. These associations require attention when high-risk individuals are being identified.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Lambert, Paul S., et al.
(författare)
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Using occupation-based social classifications
- 2014
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Ingår i: Work, Employment and Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 0950-0170 .- 1469-8722. ; 28:3, s. 481-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Occupation-based social classifications are important social indicators, but are easily misunderstood. Using survey data from the UK and Sweden, we summarize the empirical relations between a number of alternative occupation-based social classifications. Results indicate similarity between most measures, though there are often quite considerable differences in the properties of related classifications according to the level of detail at which they have been operationalized (such as the number of categories). While these findings may seem unsurprising, they are in conflict with canonical theoretical interpretations attributed to occupation-based measures, where the level of detail is often overlooked, whereas the concepts associated with different measures are emphasized.
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| 37. |
- Mood, Carina, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic persistence across generations : cognitive and noncognitive processes
- 2012
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Ingår i: From parents to children. - New York : Russell Sage Foundation. - 9780871540454 ; , s. 53-84
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter analyses the role of cognitive ability, personality traits, and physical characteristics in transmission of socioeconomic status – measured as the intergenerational correlation between father’s and sons’ income and educational attainment, respectively. We find that the intergenerational educational correlation is mostly mediated by cognitive ability, while personality traits and physical characteristics are of little importance. The income correlation is mediated by cognitive ability too, but also by personality traits – and our analyses suggest that characteristics such as social maturity, emotional stability, and leadership capacity gain their importance directly in the labour market rather than through schooling. An interesting finding is that father’s income has a persistent and non-negligible effect on sons’ income despite very extensive controls for other parental characteristics (such as education, social class and occupation) and for other important mediators.
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| 38. |
- Olen, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic position and education in patients with coeliac disease
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Digestive and Liver Disease. - : Elsevier. - 1590-8658 .- 1878-3562. ; 44:6, s. 471-476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aim: Socioeconomic position and education are strongly associated with several chronic diseases, but their relation to coeliac disease is unclear. We examined educational level and socioeconomic position in patients with coeliac disease.Methods: We identified 29,096 patients with coeliac disease through biopsy reports (defined as Marsh 3: villous atrophy) from all Swedish pathology departments (n=28). Age- and sex-matched controls were randomly sampled from the Swedish Total Population Register (n=145,090). Data on level of education and socioeconomic position were obtained from the Swedish Education Register and the Occupational Register. We calculated odds ratios for the risk of having coeliac disease based on socioeconomic position according to the European Socioeconomic Classification (9 levels) and education.Results: Compared to individuals with high socioeconomic position (level 1 of 9) coeliac disease was less common in the lowest socioeconomic stratum (routine occupations = level 9 of 9: adjusted odds ratio = 0.89; 95% confidence interval = 0.84-0.94) but not less common in individuals with moderately low socioeconomic position: (level 7/9: adjusted odds ratio = 0.96; 95% confidence interval = 0.91-1.02; and level 8/9: adjusted odds ratio = 0.99; 95% confidence interval = 0.93-1.05). Coeliac disease was not associated with educational level.Conclusions: In conclusion, diagnosed coeliac disease was slightly less common in individuals with low socioeconomic position but not associated with educational level. Coeliac disease may be unrecognised in individuals of low socioeconomic position. (C) 2012 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 39. |
- Shahbazian, Roujman, et al.
(författare)
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Does Your Class Give More than a Hint of Your Lifetime Earnings?: Assessing Indicators for Lifetime Earnings Over the Life Course for Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Sociological Review. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0266-7215 .- 1468-2672. ; 38:4, s. 527-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From a sociological stratification perspective, we would expect occupationally based measures to be valid proxies for lifetime earnings, but recent research suggests that annual earnings outperform occupational measures. In this article, we examine how class, occupation, education, and annual earnings are associated with lifetime earnings across almost complete working lives, at ages of around 20–65 years for Swedish cohorts born in the 1940s. Our results indicate that while annual earnings are considerably more accurate proxies for the lion’s share of working life, occupational measures are as expected more stable and somewhat better at the start and end of working lives. Our results also support the idea that micro-classes are better proxies of lifetime earnings than big classes. Contrary to some previous research, occupational measures perform better for women than for men in this respect, and occupational measures are better than education. Our main conclusions are that proxies for lifetime earnings have life-cycle biases that should be considered in, for instance, analyses of intergenerational mobility, and that occupationally based measures are more stable than annual earnings but, overall, are not very valid as indicators of lifetime earnings compared to annual earnings.
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| 40. |
- Shahbazian, Roujman, 1982-
(författare)
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Sibling Configuration and Adulthood Outcomes : The Case of Two-Child Families
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis includes three empirical studies, analyzing how sibling configuration (i.e. birth order, birth spacing and sex-composition) influences siblings’ long-run income and educational choice. This is done by utilizing the unique linkage opportunities of administrative registers covering the entire population of Sweden.Study I: This paper focuses on how different birth spacing intervals are associated with income rank from ages 33 to 42 years, for siblings in two-child families. The results show clear differences between first- and second-born siblings. At the more common spacing intervals (less than 5 years), spacing has a negligible association to second-born children’s long-term income rank. However, first-born children have lower income rank when a younger sibling is born when they are very young. Having relatively high spacing intervals (over 5 years) is associated with somewhat lower long-term income-rank than having mid-length intervals for both first- and second-born siblings.Study II: This study focuses on the association between combinations of sibling configuration (i.e. birth order, birth spacing and sex composition) and long-run income rank of siblings. The results show that the significance of different family factors in two-child families vary by sibling sex-composition. The findings suggest that both birth order and birth spacing are important factors for first born boys independent of the younger sibling’s sex. First-born girls, however, only have an advantage if they have a younger sister. More surprisingly is that this advantage does not seem to vary by birth spacing.Study III: This study examines how sibling gender configuration in Swedish two-child families influences the choice of so-called STEM educational fields (i.e. Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). The results show that younger siblings, net of parental characteristics, are more likely to choose a STEM field if their older sibling already has attended a STEM program. The findings indicate that boys’ choice of STEM fields is independent of having an older brother or sister who has attended a STEM program. However, girls seem to be more likely to choose a STEM-field if they have a sister who has attended a STEM program, than if they have a brother with a similar program. Given that STEM-fields are markedly male dominated, this indicate the importance of having a same-sex role model for making gender atypical educational choices.
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| 41. |
- Turner, K.J., et al.
(författare)
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Grid Computing for Social Science
- 2008
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Networked and Virtual Organizations. - : Hersey: IGI Global. ; , s. 643-651
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 42. |
- Westerman, Johan, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Work life complexity no longer on the rise : trends among 1930s–1980s birth cohorts in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Societies. - : Routledge. - 1461-6696 .- 1469-8307. ; 26:1, s. 1-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a conception that contemporary work lives become ever more complex. Pioneering research has indicated that work lives have indeed become more complex, yet at a modestly increasing pace. This paper uses Swedish registry data across an exceptionally long time period, including cohorts born from 1931 to 1983. The following conclusions are drawn using state-of-the-art methods of measuring sequence complexity. For early-careers, an increasing complexity trend is evident between the 1950s and 1960s birth cohorts, yet complexity fluctuates around a stable trend for the 1970s birth cohorts and onward. For mid-careers, which are considerably more stable on average, complexity has decreased among women born between the 1930s and the early-1950s. However, the opposite trend holds true for men, resulting in a gender convergence in work complexity. We observe a subsequent standstill of the mid-career complexity trend across both genders, followed by a modest decline for the last observed cohorts. Analyses point to educational expansion as an important driver of the initial increase of early-career complexity. Taken together, this study affirms an initial shift to more work life complexity in the twentieth century, yet we find no unidirectional trend toward more complexity over the last decades.
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