| 1. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Thompson, Paul M., et al.
(författare)
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The ENIGMA Consortium : large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data
- 2014
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Ingår i: BRAIN IMAGING BEHAV. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1931-7557 .- 1931-7565. ; 8:2, s. 153-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.
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| 3. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
- Docherty, Anna R, et al.
(författare)
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GWAS Meta-Analysis of Suicide Attempt: Identification of 12 Genome-Wide Significant Loci and Implication of Genetic Risks for Specific Health Factors.
- 2023
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Ingår i: The American journal of psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 1535-7228 .- 0002-953X. ; 180:10, s. 723-738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suicidal behavior is heritable and is a major cause of death worldwide. Two large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) recently discovered and cross-validated genome-wide significant (GWS) loci for suicide attempt (SA). The present study leveraged the genetic cohorts from both studies to conduct the largest GWAS meta-analysis of SA to date. Multi-ancestry and admixture-specific meta-analyses were conducted within groups of significant African, East Asian, and European ancestry admixtures.This study comprised 22 cohorts, including 43,871 SA cases and 915,025 ancestry-matched controls. Analytical methods across multi-ancestry and individual ancestry admixtures included inverse variance-weighted fixed-effects meta-analyses, followed by gene, gene-set, tissue-set, and drug-target enrichment, as well as summary-data-based Mendelian randomization with brain expression quantitative trait loci data, phenome-wide genetic correlation, and genetic causal proportion analyses.Multi-ancestry and European ancestry admixture GWAS meta-analyses identified 12 risk loci at p values <5×10-8. These loci were mostly intergenic and implicated DRD2, SLC6A9, FURIN, NLGN1, SOX5, PDE4B, and CACNG2. The multi-ancestry SNP-based heritability estimate of SA was 5.7% on the liability scale (SE=0.003, p=5.7×10-80). Significant brain tissue gene expression and drug set enrichment were observed. There was shared genetic variation of SA with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, smoking, and risk tolerance after conditioning SA on both major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Genetic causal proportion analyses implicated shared genetic risk for specific health factors.This multi-ancestry analysis of suicide attempt identified several loci contributing to risk and establishes significant shared genetic covariation with clinical phenotypes. These findings provide insight into genetic factors associated with suicide attempt across ancestry admixture populations, in veteran and civilian populations, and in attempt versus death.
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| 6. |
- Mullins, Niamh, et al.
(författare)
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Dissecting the Shared Genetic Architecture of Suicide Attempt, Psychiatric Disorders, and Known Risk Factors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 91:3, s. 313-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, and nonfatal suicide attempts, which occur far more frequently, are a major source of disability and social and economic burden. Both have substantial genetic etiology, which is partially shared and partially distinct from that of related psychiatric disorders.METHODS: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 29,782 suicide attempt (SA) cases and 519,961 controls in the International Suicide Genetics Consortium (ISGC). The GWAS of SA was conditioned on psychiatric disorders using GWAS summary statistics via multitrait-based conditional and joint analysis, to remove genetic effects on SA mediated by psychiatric disorders. We investigated the shared and divergent genetic architectures of SA, psychiatric disorders, and other known risk factors.RESULTS: Two loci reached genome-wide significance for SA: the major histocompatibility complex and an intergenic locus on chromosome 7, the latter of which remained associated with SA after conditioning on psychiatric disorders and replicated in an independent cohort from the Million Veteran Program. This locus has been implicated in risk-taking behavior, smoking, and insomnia. SA showed strong genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression, and also with smoking, pain, risk-taking behavior, sleep disturbances, lower educational attainment, reproductive traits, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer general health. After conditioning on psychiatric disorders, the genetic correlations between SA and psychiatric disorders decreased, whereas those with nonpsychiatric traits remained largely unchanged.CONCLUSIONS: Our results identify a risk locus that contributes more strongly to SA than other phenotypes and suggest a shared underlying biology between SA and known risk factors that is not mediated by psychiatric disorders.
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| 7. |
- Mullins, Niamh, et al.
(författare)
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GWAS of Suicide Attempt in Psychiatric Disorders and Association With Major Depression Polygenic Risk Scores
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 0002-953X .- 1535-7228. ; 176:8, s. 651-660
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: More than 90% of people who attempt suicide have a psychiatric diagnosis; however, twin and family studies suggest that the genetic etiology of suicide attempt is partially distinct from that of the psychiatric disorders themselves. The authors present the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) on suicide attempt, using cohorts of individuals with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium.Methods: The samples comprised 1,622 suicide attempters and 8,786 nonattempters with major depressive disorder; 3,264 attempters and 5,500 nonattempters with bipolar disorder; and 1,683 attempters and 2,946 nonattempters with schizophrenia. A GWAS on suicide attempt was performed by comparing attempters to nonattempters with each disorder, followed by a meta-analysis across disorders. Polygenic risk scoring was used to investigate the genetic relationship between suicide attempt and the psychiatric disorders.Results: Three genome-wide significant loci for suicide attempt were found: one associated with suicide attempt in major depressive disorder, one associated with suicide attempt in bipolar disorder, and one in the meta-analysis of suicide attempt in mood disorders. These associations were not replicated in independent mood disorder cohorts from the UK Biobank and iPSYCH. No significant associations were found in the meta-analysis of all three disorders. Polygenic risk scores for major depression were significantly associated with suicide attempt in major depressive disorder (R2=0.25%), bipolar disorder (R2=0.24%), and schizophrenia (R2=0.40%).Conclusions: This study provides new information on genetic associations and demonstrates that genetic liability for major depression increases risk for suicide attempt across psychiatric disorders. Further collaborative efforts to increase sample size may help to robustly identify genetic associations and provide biological insights into the etiology of suicide attempt.
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| 8. |
- Beecham, Ashley H, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of immune-related loci identifies 48 new susceptibility variants for multiple sclerosis.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 45:11, s. 1353-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the ImmunoChip custom genotyping array, we analyzed 14,498 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 24,091 healthy controls for 161,311 autosomal variants and identified 135 potentially associated regions (P < 1.0 × 10(-4)). In a replication phase, we combined these data with previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from an independent 14,802 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 26,703 healthy controls. In these 80,094 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 48 new susceptibility variants (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)), 3 of which we found after conditioning on previously identified variants. Thus, there are now 110 established multiple sclerosis risk variants at 103 discrete loci outside of the major histocompatibility complex. With high-resolution Bayesian fine mapping, we identified five regions where one variant accounted for more than 50% of the posterior probability of association. This study enhances the catalog of multiple sclerosis risk variants and illustrates the value of fine mapping in the resolution of GWAS signals.
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| 9. |
- Campbell, PJ, et al.
(författare)
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Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 82-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
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| 10. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
-
- 2010
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 12. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Search for a heavy resonance decaying into a Z plus jet final state in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV using the D0 detector
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 74:1, s. 011104-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have searched for a heavy resonance decaying into a Z+jet final state in p (p) over bar collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron collider using the D0 detector. No indication for such a resonance was found in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 370 pb(-1). We set upper limits on the cross section times branching fraction for heavy resonance production at the 95% C.L. as a function of the resonance mass and width. The limits are interpreted within the framework of a specific model of excited quark production.
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| 13. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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The upgraded DO detector
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 565:2, s. 463-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The DO experiment enjoyed a very successful data-collection run at the Fermilab Tevatron collider between 1992 and 1996. Since then, the detector has been upgraded to take advantage of improvements to the Tevatron and to enhance its physics capabilities. We describe the new elements of the detector, including the silicon microstrip tracker, central fiber tracker, solenoidal magnet, preshower detectors, forward muon detector, and forward proton detector. The uranium/liquid -argon calorimeters and central muon detector, remaining from Run 1, are discussed briefly. We also present the associated electronics, triggering, and data acquisition systems, along with the design and implementation of software specific to DO.
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| 14. |
- Akter, Shaheda T., et al.
(författare)
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Moisture and short-term time-dependent behavior of Norway spruce clear wood under compression perpendicular to the grain and rolling shear
- 2023
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Ingår i: Wood Material Science & Engineering. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1748-0272 .- 1748-0280. ; 18:2, s. 580-593
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Material properties of wood under compression perpendicular to the grain and rolling shear are important for the engineering design of timber structures. This regards the short-term stiffness and strength, their dependence on the moisture content of wood, as well as the time-dependent behavior. Norway spruce clear wood properties in the transverse plane of wood were studied inan experimental campaign exploiting an earlier developed biaxial test setup. The moisture dependence of the stiffness and strength and the short-term time-dependent creep deformations under compression in the radial direction and under rolling shear were characterized. Loading and unloading stiffness, as well as the strength, were determined in quasi-static tests at five different moisture contents from 4% to 29%. The elastic and viscous stiffnesses were identified in creep tests at three compressive stress levels of 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 N/mm2, and at two rolling shear stress levels of 0.33 and 0.50 N/mm2. The test data complements the existing experimental database, especially with novel data regarding the moisture dependence of the rolling shear strength, which showed less moisture dependence than the compressive strength perpendicular to the grain. The results of the creep tests revealed different material properties for the different loading and material directions of wood.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Binder, David, et al.
(författare)
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The Logical Writings of Karl Popper
- 2022
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- This open access book is the first ever collection of Karl Popper's writings on deductive logic.Karl R. Popper (1902-1994) was one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century. His philosophy of science ("falsificationism") and his social and political philosophy ("open society") have been widely discussed way beyond academic philosophy. What is not so well known is that Popper also produced a considerable work on the foundations of deductive logic, most of it published at the end of the 1940s as articles at scattered places. This little-known work deserves to be known better, as it is highly significant for modern proof-theoretic semantics.This collection assembles Popper's published writings on deductive logic in a single volume, together with all reviews of these papers. It also contains a large amount of unpublished material from the Popper Archives, including Popper's correspondence related to deductive logic and manuscripts that were (almost) finished, but did not reach the publication stage. All of these items are critically edited with additional comments by the editors. A general introduction puts Popper's work into the context of current discussions on the foundations of logic. This book should be of interest to logicians, philosophers, and anybody concerned with Popper's work.
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| 17. |
- Binder, Eva, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Creep Deformations during Service Life : A Comparison of CLT and TCC Floor Constructions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI. - 2075-5309. ; 12:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cross-laminated timber (CLT) slabs in residential buildings need additional weight, e.g., in the form of screeds or gravel layers, to fulfill the criterion for the highest impact-sound class. The additional mass is, however, not exploited for the load bearing behavior, but adds additional weight and leads to an increased height of the floor construction. In this study, such a CLT floor construction with a construction height of 380mm is compared with a composite slab consisting of a CLT plate with a concrete layer on top with a floor construction height of 330 mm. The timber concrete composite (TCC) slab has a different creep behavior than the CLT slab. Thus, the development of the time-dependent deflections over the service life are of interest. A straightforward hybrid approach is developed, which exploits advanced multiscale-based material models for the individual composite layers and a standardized structural analysis method for the structural slab to model its linear creep behavior. The introduced approach allows to investigate load redistribution between the layers of the composite structure and the evolution of the deflection of the slab during the service life. The investigated slab types show a similar deflection after 50 years, while the development of the deflections over time are different. The CLT slab has a smaller overall stiffness at the beginning but a smaller decrease in stiffness over time than the investigated TCC slab.
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| 18. |
- Binder, Eva, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid modeling approach for time-dependent behavior of timber-concrete-composite structures
- 2022
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Ingår i: fib Symposium. - : The International Federation for Structural Concrete. - 9782940643158 ; , s. 1284-1293
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Timber-Concrete-Composites (TCC) are a perfect symbiosis of two entirely different buildingmaterials, as the most favorable properties of both components are utilized. This ensures an efficient use of thenatural resources. As regards the long-term creep behavior however, only a rough estimation can be done basedon the current versions of the design standards (EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1995-1-1). The focus of this work is oncombining existing models for the individual time-dependent behavior of concrete and timber with commonstructural analysis methods to investigate composite structures, similar to Binder et al. (Buildings, 2022). Thehybrid model is applied to a simply supported TCC slab consisting of a cross-laminated timber (CLT) plateand a connected concrete layer on top. For comparison, two other floor constructions, namely a CLT slab andan in-situ concrete slab, are investigated as well, considering the same time-dependent material behavior. Allthree slab types fulfill the design requirements for long-term deformations and for stress limitation to avoidnon-linear creep. The time-dependent deflections of the slab types over 50 years are modelled and comparedwith the design according to the standards. This comparison shows that the hybrid approach for TCC and CLTfloor constructions yields smaller deflections than the calculation according to the design. standards. Modellingresults of the in-situ concrete slab were quite similar to the results of the design according to EN 1992-1-1.Comparing the modelled deflections of the TCC slab with the other two shows that the deflection of thecomposite slab changes the most over 50 years. At the beginning the behavior of the TCC is closer to theconcrete slab but develops more towards the CLT slab at the end of the investigated 50-years period. Herein,also the load redistribution within the cross-sections is shown based on the hybrid model and the axial stressesof the individual parts of the cross-sections.
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| 19. |
- Binder, Eva, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term creep tests for shear connections of timber-concrete-composite slabs
- 2023
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Ingår i: Experimental Mechanics in Engineering and Biomechanics. - : INEGI-Instituto de Engenbaria Mecanica e Gestao Industrial. - 9789895475674 - 9789895475667 ; , s. 957-958
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As long-term investigations are often too time- and cost-consuming, short-term experimentsare introduced for investigating the behaviour of connections in timber-concrete-compositeelements. The paper presents a proposal for short-term double shear tests with adhesive andmechanical connections for investigating their time-dependent behaviour. The proposedevaluation method determines the elastic and visco-elastic parts of the slip modulus of theconnection. The validity of the identified parameters needs to be verified by long-term tests.
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| 20. |
- Binder, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Configuring Places for Learning : Participatory Development of Learning Practices at Work
- 2006
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Ingår i: Learning, Working and Living. - London : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9781403947673 - 9781349524532 - 9780230522350 ; , s. 139-153
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Participatory approaches to the development of new practices at work have been widespread in Scandinavia, due largely to the tradition of collaboration and collective agreements on the labour market. Since the late 1980s, participation and change have increasingly been coupled to various notions of learning and learning organizations (for an overview, see Sandberg, 1992). Similarly, technological change became increasingly addressed as an issue of design rather than as a given precondition for changes in working life (Bjerknes et al., 1987). In the so-called Scandinavian tradition of systems design, IT systems for a particular customer organization are developed through a process of participatory design (Greenbaum & Kyng, 1991). Existing work practices are studied in a mixture of ethnographically inspired fieldwork, interviews and dialogue sessions. New IT systems are developed in iterative design cycles involving representative users in drafting and evaluating system prototypes. And a final system is typically put in place with the involved users acting as strong proponents for the chosen design. This tradition of user-oriented design of IT systems has shed new light on the relation between participation, learning and change and in particular the literature on computer supported cooperative work has contributed to the study of how practices at work evolve around communication artefacts.
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| 21. |
- Binder, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Democratic design experiments : between parliament and laboratory
- 2015
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Ingår i: CoDesign - International Journal of CoCreation in Design and the Arts. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1571-0882 .- 1745-3755. ; 11:3-4, s. 152-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For more than four decades, participatory design has provided exemplars and concepts for understanding the democratic potential of design participation. Despite important impacts on design methodology, participatory design has, however, been stuck in a marginal position as it has wrestled with what has been performed and accomplished in participatory practices. In this article, we discuss how participatory design may be reinvigorated as a design research programme for democratic design experiments in the light of the decentring of human-centredness and the foregrounding of collaborative representational practices offered by the ANT tradition in the tension between a parliament of things and a laboratory of circulating references.
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| 22. |
- Binder, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Design Spaces
- 2005
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 23. |
- Binder, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Design Things
- 2011
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design Things offers an innovative view of design thinking and design practice, envisioning ways to combine creative design with a participatory approach encompassing aesthetic and democratic practices and values. The authors of Design Things look at design practice as a mode of inquiry that involves people, space, artifacts, materials, and aesthetic experience, following the process of transformation from a design concept to a thing. Design Things, which grew out of the Atelier (Architecture and Technology for Inspirational Living) ...
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| 24. |
- Binder, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Exemplary Design Research
- 2006. - 2
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we will look at what role a research program and an interventionist research strategy based on design experiments may play for the advancement of knowledge relevant to design and designers. We suggest the notion of exemplary design research driven by programs and experiments and by this we refer to research based on the explicit formulation of design programs that act as a frame and foundation for carrying out series of design experiments. It is 'exemplary' in the sense that it enables critical dissemination primarily by creating examples of what could be done and how, i.e. examples that both express the possibilities and characteristics of the design program as well as more general suggestions about a certain (change to) design practice.
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| 25. |
- Binder, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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What Can Design Laboratories Do?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Human-Computer Interaction. - : Springer. - 9783642404986 - 9783642404979 ; , s. 775-775
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 26. |
- Binder, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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What is the object of design?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceeding. - New York, NY, USA : ACM, New York, NY, USA. ; , s. 21-30
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we reflect upon design at a conceptual level, discussing how creativity can be coupled with participation and experience, dialoguing with philosophers and social theorists, and looking for the experiential grounds of our understanding of the very nature of design. Three words:'drawing','thing'and'together', are at the center of our discourse. We propose a view of design as accessing, aligning, and navigating among the'constituents' of the object of design. People interact with the object of design through its constituents. The ...
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Brandt, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Formatting Design Dialogues - Games and Participation
- 2008
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Ingår i: CoDesign - International Journal of CoCreation in Design and the Arts. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1571-0882 .- 1745-3755. ; 4:1, s. 51-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses design games as a particular genre for formatting design dialogues. In the first part of the article we review the participatory design literature for game-oriented framings of co-design. We look at what constitutes game and play, we discuss other authors’ use of games in collaborative settings and finally we examine the board game as a particularly interesting game format. In the second part of the article we present and discuss two board games: the User Game and the Landscape Game. We show how these games respond to particular challenges, and how they have interesting characteristics in being both ‘as-if’ worlds to explore and shared representations of what the players accomplish. In the last section of the article we discuss how new games may be designed and played and what makes a good design game.
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| 29. |
- Brandt, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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XLAB
- 2011
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research at design schools or research conducted by people with a professional training in design or architecture is not necessarily different from research of for example art history, media studies or anthropology. Nevertheless we see new research topics and new research methodologies emerge as designers begin to employ their professional gaze within the world of research. Research-through-design, practice-based research or design-led research are all among the new labels that characterize such research that strives to bring design competences into play in design research. This book comes out o the XLAB project - one attempt to get hold of what such design research may be and how it can contribute to the production of knowledge. The XLAB project sought to capture design research and particularly the design experiment not through a theoretical or methodological approach, but through a practical exploration of the practice of design researchers. This happened through a series of three one-day workshops with researchers and research students.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Chou, Meng-Yun, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidation-specific epitopes are dominant targets of innate natural antibodies in mice and humans.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical investigation. - 1558-8238. ; 119:5, s. 1335-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of oxidized lipoproteins and apoptotic cells. Adaptive immune responses to various oxidation-specific epitopes play an important role in atherogenesis. However, accumulating evidence suggests that these epitopes are also recognized by innate receptors, such as scavenger receptors on macrophages, and plasma proteins, such as C-reactive protein (CRP). Here, we provide multiple lines of evidence that oxidation-specific epitopes constitute a dominant, previously unrecognized target of natural Abs (NAbs) in both mice and humans. Using reconstituted mice expressing solely IgM NAbs, we have shown that approximately 30% of all NAbs bound to model oxidation-specific epitopes, as well as to atherosclerotic lesions and apoptotic cells. Because oxidative processes are ubiquitous, we hypothesized that these epitopes exert selective pressure to expand NAbs, which in turn play an important role in mediating homeostatic functions consequent to inflammation and cell death, as demonstrated by their ability to facilitate apoptotic cell clearance. These findings provide novel insights into the functions of NAbs in mediating host homeostasis and into their roles in health and diseases, such as chronic inflammatory diseases and atherosclerosis.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Farinotti, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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How accurate are estimates of glacier ice thickness? Results from ITMIX, the Ice Thickness Models Intercomparison eXperiment
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Cryosphere. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1994-0416 .- 1994-0424. ; 11, s. 949-970
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge of the ice thickness distribution of glaciers and ice caps is an important prerequisite for many glaciological and hydrological investigations. A wealth of approaches has recently been presented for inferring ice thickness from characteristics of the surface. With the Ice Thickness Models Intercomparison eXperiment (ITMIX) we performed the first coordinated assessment quantifying individual model performance. A set of 17 different models showed that individual ice thickness estimates can differ considerably – locally by a spread comparable to the observed thickness. Averaging the results of multiple models, however, significantly improved the results: on average over the 21 considered test cases, comparison against direct ice thickness measurements revealed deviations on the order of 10 ± 24 % of the mean ice thickness (1σ estimate). Models relying on multiple data sets – such as surface ice velocity fields, surface mass balance, or rates of ice thickness change – showed high sensitivity to input data quality. Together with the requirement of being able to handle large regions in an automated fashion, the capacity of better accounting for uncertainties in the input data will be a key for an improved next generation of ice thickness estimation approaches.
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| 35. |
- Gikonyo, Joan, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical Modelling of a Cross-Laminated Timber-to-Concrete Dowel-Type Connection Using the Beam-on-Foundation Model
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings from the 13th World Conference on Timber Engineering 2023. - Oslo, Norway : World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE). - 9781713873297 - 9781713873273 ; , s. 3101-3110
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the research presented herein is to investigate the mechanical behaviour of cross-laminated timber (CLT)-to-concrete dowel-type connections. For reliable timber-concrete-composite structures, mechanical connections between the two construction materials are of great importance. This paper investigates the nonlinear load-displacement behaviour, giving access to the stiffness and strength, as well as ductile connection failure modes, of a CLT-to-concrete composite connection using a Beam-on-Foundation (BoF) model. The latter is a numerical model that utilizes non-linear springs for the interaction between the fastener and the surrounding CLT and concrete materials. The influence of: (i) fastener diameter, (ii) initial slip, (iii) concrete embedment properties, and (iv) axial fastener resistance due to friction, on the connection shear capacity and slip modulus, was investigated in a parameter study. The nonlinear load-displacement response, connection stiffness and strength predicted by the BoF model were moreover compared to laboratory tests and the European Yield Model (EYM), which supported the validity of the BoF model. In addition, it was shown that the BoF model could enhance the prediction of the slip modulus compared to the current design regulations in Eurocode 5.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Hinkel, Jochen, et al.
(författare)
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A diagnostic procedure for applying the social-ecological systems framework in diverse cases
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems (SES) framework of Elinor Ostrom is a multitier collection of concepts and variables that have proven to be relevant for understanding outcomes in diverse SES. The first tier of this framework includes the concepts resource system (RS) and resource units (RU), which are then further characterized through lower tier variables such as clarity of system boundaries and mobility. The long-term goal of framework development is to derive conclusions about which combinations of variables explain outcomes across diverse types of SES. This will only be possible if the concepts and variables of the framework can be made operational unambiguously for the different types of SES, which, however, remains a challenge. Reasons for this are that case studies examine other types of RS than those for which the framework has been developed or consider RS for which different actors obtain different kinds of RU. We explore these difficulties and relate them to antecedent work on common-pool resources and public goods. We propose a diagnostic procedure which resolves some of these difficulties by establishing a sequence of questions that facilitate the step-wise and unambiguous application of the SES framework to a given case. The questions relate to the actors benefiting from the SES, the collective goods involved in the generation of those benefits, and the action situations in which the collective goods are provided and appropriated. We illustrate the diagnostic procedure for four case studies in the context of irrigated agriculture in New Mexico, common property meadows in the Swiss Alps, recreational fishery in Germany, and energy regions in Austria. We conclude that the current SES framework has limitations when applied to complex, multiuse SES, because it does not sufficiently capture the actor interdependencies introduced through RS and RU characteristics and dynamics.
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| 38. |
- Hochstöger, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences from commissioning and first operation of a 1 mw demonstration-scale dual fluidized bed gasification plant
- 2023
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Ingår i: European biomass conference and exhibition proceedings. - : ETA-Florence Renewable Energies. ; , s. 594-599
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of biomass, whether wood or waste materials, represents an opportunity to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Using dual fluidized bed (DFB) steam gasification technology for conversion of biomass, biogenic residues and waste is a possible approach to exploit this potential. A demonstration-scale 1 MW gasification plant with subsequent product gas and flue gas cleaning has been constructed at the Syngas Platform Vienna. The performance of this plant during its first continuous operation was evaluated in this study by analyzing temperature and pressure profiles recorded over a period of nearly 6 hours of continuous operation and by evaluating various performance indicators, such as steam-to-fuel ratio, gasification temperatures, and product gas composition. The resulting data sets were compared with existing results from the 100 kW pilot plant at TU Wien. The discrepancies found and their avoidance is discussed. In addition, this paper highlights the mechanical challenges encountered during commissioning, such as high temperatures at the fabric filter and additional condensate drain in steam supply pipes, and identifies potential challenges during the installation and operation of future gasification plants.
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| 39. |
- Huber, Miriam, et al.
(författare)
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Tar conversion and recombination in steam gasification of biogenic residues : the influence of a countercurrent flow column in pilot- and demonstration-scale
- 2024
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Ingår i: Fuel. - : Elsevier. - 0016-2361 .- 1873-7153. ; 364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- First experiments with biogenic residues and a plastic-rich rejects and woody biomass blend were conducted in an advanced 1 MW dual fluidized bed steam gasification demonstration plant at the Syngas Platform Vienna. Wood chips, bark, forest residues, and the plastic-rich rejects and woody biomass blend were tested and the tar composition was analyzed upstream and downstream of the upper gasification reactor, which is designed as a high-temperature column with countercurrent flow of catalytic material. Each feedstock was gasified with olivine as bed material in demonstration scale and is compared to the gasification of softwood pellets with olivine and limestone in pilot scale. A reduction in tar content was observed after countercurrent column for all feedstocks. However, a shift in tar species occurred. While styrene, phenol, and 1H-indene were predominant upstream, naphthalene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were the prevailing tar species downstream the countercurrent column. Hence, an increase of i.e. anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene from the upstream concentration was observed. For pyrene, up to twice the initial concentration was measured. This recombination to PAHs was observed for all feedstocks in demonstration- and pilot-scale. The only exception occurred with limestone as bed material, characterized by a higher catalytic activity in comparison to the typically used olivine. In the perspective of the integrated product gas cleaning, tar with higher temperature of condensation are separated more efficiently in the installed scrubbing unit. Hence, the recombination facilitates an overall decline of tar content after the gas cleaning.
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| 40. |
- Hugot, J-P, et al.
(författare)
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Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease
- 2001
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 411:6837, s. 599-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two main types of chronic inflammatory bowel disease, are multifactorial conditions of unknown aetiology. A susceptibility locus for Crohn's disease has been mapped to chromosome 16. Here we have used a positional-cloning strategy, based on linkage analysis followed by linkage disequilibrium mapping, to identify three independent associations for Crohn's disease: a frameshift variant and two missense variants of NOD2, encoding a member of the Apaf-1/Ced-4 superfamily of apoptosis regulators that is expressed in monocytes. These NOD2 variants alter the structure of either the leucine-rich repeat domain of the protein or the adjacent region. NOD2 activates nuclear factor NF-?B, this activating function is regulated by the carboxy-terminal leucine-rich repeat domain, which has an inhibitory role and also acts as an intracellular receptor for components of microbial pathogens. These observations suggest that the NOD2 gene product confers susceptibility to Crohn's disease by altering the recognition of these components and/or by over-activating NF-?B in monocytes, thus documenting a molecular model for the pathogenic mechanism of Crohn's disease that can now be further investigated.
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| 41. |
- Johansson, Martin, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Between estrangement and familiarization
- 2005
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Ingår i: Design Spaces. - Helsinki : EDITA IT Press. - 9518267928
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 42. |
- Johansson, Martin, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Partner engaged design : new challanges for workplace design
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of PDC2002.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spatial organization of the workplace affects the work going on there. The technology used, changes the work practice. This paper describes a design process where different aspects of workplace design for project-based office work have been combined into one multi-stakeholder project, integrating the spatial aspects, the furniture, the information technology, and the IT-services that are connected to work. To have several different partners with different interests and competencies collaborating in a future oriented design process puts certain demands on the setup of the process and the tools being used. Taking a starting point in existing work practice, we have driven this project with techniques most often used for user-involvement. Scenario building played a crucial role in tying the process together. The concrete result is a completed concept proposal for an actual “office of the future” layout, which integrates advanced information technology and service solutions. The case shows that it is possible to reach innovative consensus-anchored results with the described design method.
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| 43. |
- Koskinen, Ilpo, et al.
(författare)
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LAB, FIELD, GALLERY, AND BEYOND
- 2009. - 2
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Ingår i: Artifact. ; 2, s. 46-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last 10 years we have seen a growing number of researchers integrating design experiments in their research inquiries. Initially, this work borrowed heavily from neighboring fields, employing a dual strategy in which design experiments and their evaluation were largely treated as separate processes that were often carried out by different people. More recently, design researchers have developed several approaches that integrate design-specific work methods into research. This paper takes a methodological look at three such established approaches that the authors call Lab, Field, and Gallery. They are described and their similarities and differences analyzed. In conclusion, whether design research today needs foundations based on the standards established for other disciplines is discussed.
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| 44. |
- Kukla, Charles D., et al.
(författare)
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Innovation in design : strategies for designing together
- 1999
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Ingår i: CHI EA '99: CHI '99 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. - New York, New York, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781581131581 ; , s. 108-109
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Innovation in design is becoming increasingly important as businesses see the limits of cost reduction strategies for improving productivity, profit, and growth.To create innovation in design we will show that designing in skilled practice has an inner logic: a structure that allows it to be understood as a kind of reasoning, a form of inquiry, but that also includes and depends upon the designer's appreciative judgments.Through the use of a research technique called Design Games and a real-life problem situation, participants will explore designing with a variety of tools, techniques and methods. Participants will reflect, analyze, and evaluate their work with others and by doing so will learn how their designs can become more communicative, efficient, and foster innovation through out the design process.The Space Planning and Organizational Research Group (http://destec.mit.edu/sporg/info/) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the User Centered Design Group at Danfoss have provided research and material for this tutorial.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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