| 1. |
- Bergia, Robert E., et al.
(författare)
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Differential Glycemic Effects of Low-versus High-Glycemic Index Mediterranean-Style Eating Patterns in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: The MEDGI-Carb Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643 .- 2072-6643. ; 14:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Mediterranean-style healthy eating pattern (MED-HEP) supports metabolic health, but the utility of including low-glycemic index (GI) foods to minimize postprandial glucose excursions remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the relative contribution of GI towards improvements in postprandial glycemia and glycemic variability after adopting a MED-HEP. We conducted a randomized, controlled dietary intervention, comparing high-versus low-GI diets in a multi-national (Italy, Sweden, and the United States) sample of adults at risk for type 2 diabetes. For 12 weeks, participants consumed either a low-GI or high-GI MED-HEP. We assessed postprandial plasma glucose and insulin responses to high-or low-GI meals, and daily glycemic variability via continuous glucose monitoring at baseline and post-intervention. One hundred sixty adults (86 females, 74 males; aged 55 ± 11 y, BMI 31 ± 3 kg/m2, mean ± SD) with ≥two metabolic syndrome traits completed the intervention. Postprandial insulin concentrations were greater after the high-GI versus the low-GI test meals at baseline (p = 0.004), but not post-intervention (p = 0.17). Postprandial glucose after the high-GI test meal increased post-intervention, being significantly higher than that after the low-GI test meal (35%, p < 0.001). Average daily glucose concentrations decreased in both groups post-intervention. Indices of 24-h glycemic variability were reduced in the low-GI group as compared to baseline and the high-GI intervention group. These findings suggest that low-GI foods may be an important feature within a MED-HEP.
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| 2. |
- Kyro, Cecilie, et al.
(författare)
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Alkylresorcinols (biomarkers of whole grain intake), cereal fibre intake and metabolic profile - results from a European study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0029-6651 .- 1475-2719. ; 79:OCE2, s. E648-E648
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: High intakes of whole-grains and cereal fiber have been consistently associated with lower risk of cardiometabolic diseases in observational studies. Yet, improved understanding about the underlying mechanisms is needed. We hypothesized that cereal fiber and whole-grain are associated with beneficial metabolic marker profiles.Aim: To investigate if cereal fiber intake, estimated by food frequency questionnaires and plasma total alkylresorcinols concentrations as well as the C17:0/C21:0-ratio in plasma as biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake or the relative whole-grain rye to wheat intake, respectively, were associated with metabolic biomarkers.Design: A cross-sectional study conducted to investigate the associations between alkylresorcinols as biomarker of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, cereal fiber and selected metabolic biomarkers among 954 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Cereal fiber intake was assessed by FFQ and whole grain wheat and rye were reflected by biomarkers analyzed in plasma samples, i.e. total alkylresorcinol (AR). Moreover, the ratio of two of the five measured alkylresorcinols (AR C17:0/C21:0 ratio) was used as an indicator of whole-grain source (wheat or rye). Metabolic biomarkers (HbA1c, C-peptide, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and CRP) were measured in blood samples. All biomarkers were already measured for nested case-control studies of colorectal cancer matched based on sex, study center, age at blood collection, date and time of blood collection, fasting status. Women were further matched by menopausal status, phase of menstrual cycle, and use of oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy at time of blood collection. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between exposure variables metabolic biomarkers adjusted for case-control status and common confounders.Results: No associations were found between cereal fiber intake and the metabolic markers. However, whole-grain wheat and rye intake, reflected by total AR, was associated with a lower concentration of the inflammation marker CRP. The alkylresorcinol C17:0/C21:0 ratio was not associated with any of the measured metabolic markers in this cohort.Conclusion: Overall, we found no support for an association between cereal fibre intake, whole grain wheat and rye intake reflected by biomarkers and metabolic markers in the present cohort. One exception was the finding of an inverse association between whole grain biomarkers and CRP. Prospective studies or RCTs are warranted to confirm our findings.
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| 3. |
- Landberg, Rikard, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Biomarkers of cereal food intake
- 2019
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Ingår i: Genes and Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1555-8932 .- 1865-3499. ; 14:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/objectives: Cereal foods are major contributors to the daily energy, protein, and dietary fiber intake all over the world. The role of cereals in human health is dependent on whether they are consumed as refined or whole grain and on cereal species. To unravel the underlying mechanisms of health effects attributed to specific cereal foods and to provide more precise dietary advice, there is a need for improved dietary assessment of whole-grain intake. Dietary biomarkers of specific cereals, different fractions or cereal-containing foods could offer such a possibility. The aim of this review was to summarize the current status on biomarkers of different cereals, fractions, and specific cereal foods. Subjects and methods: A literature review was conducted and putative biomarkers of different cereals and pseudo-cereals (wheat, oats, rye, barley, rice, and quinoa) as well as for different grain fractions (whole grain, refined grain, bran) and foods were summarized and discussed. Results: Several putative biomarkers have been suggested for different cereals, due to their unique presence in these grains. Among the biomarkers, odd-numbered alkylresorcinols are the most well-studied and -evaluated biomarkers and reflect whole-grain wheat and rye intake. Even-numbered alkylresorcinols have been suggested to reflect quinoa intake. Recent studies have also highlighted the potential of avenanthramides and avenacosides as specific biomarkers of oat intake, and a set of biomarkers have been suggested to reflect rice bran intake. However, there are yet no specific biomarkers of refined grains. Most biomarker candidates remain to be evaluated in controlled interventions and free-living populations before applied as biomarkers of intake in food and health studies. Conclusion: Several putative biomarkers of different cereals have been suggested and should be validated in human studies using recently developed food intake biomarker validation criteria.
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| 4. |
- Marklund, Matti, et al.
(författare)
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Alkylresorcinols and their metabolites as biomarkers for whole grain wheat and rye
- 2021. - 2
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Ingår i: Whole Grains and Health. - Hoboken : John Wiley & Sons. - 9781118939437 - 9781118939413 - 9781118939406 ; , s. 99-136, s. 99-136
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To overcome some of the obstacles of the traditional assessment methods, biochemical indicators or biomarkers may be used for intake estimation. Biomarkers can be classified into three categories: exposure, effect and susceptibility biomarkers. Exposure biomarkers include xenobiotics, their metabolites and endogenous surrogates that can be related to an exposure. Biomarkers in nutritional research can be used to reflect the exposure of a food, nutrient or a dietary pattern. The development of a general biomarker that can reflect intake of all varieties of whole grain (WG) products eaten worldwide is unlikely, due to the wide range of cereals that are consumed as WG. Alkylresorcinols are phenolic lipids abundant in the bran of wheat, rye, barley and triticale. The reproducibility is an important feature of a biomarker as it indicates how representative a single measurement is of the true biomarker status over a certain time period.
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