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1.
  • Bolmsjö, Gunnar, et al. (author)
  • Robot assisted framing : A concept for securing geometry in flexible production
  • 2008
  • Reports (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The paper describes a concept for securing the geometry in flexible production based on robot assisted framing. This uses the robot(s) as an active device during change-over between product variants and it is assumed that product variants can be produced in any mixed order. The case under study is cabs for trucks which in traditional production require large and heavy equipment which is above the payload of any robot. The idea within this study is to use carbon fibre composites in the fixtures in order to reduce the weight and through this make it possible to use the robots in assisting the framing process. The current work involves a generalization of the principle both considering the design of the fixtures with respect to issues such as materials properties and design principles, and design of the production system. 
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2.
  • Bolmsjö, Gunnar, et al. (author)
  • Robot assisted framing
  • 2008
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • The paper describes a concept for securing the geometry in flexible production based on robot assisted framing. This uses the robot(s) as an active device during change-over between product variants and it is assumed that product variants can be produced in any mixed order. The case under study is cabs for trucks which in traditional production require large and heavy equipment which is above the payload of any robot. The idea within this study is to use carbon fibre composites in the fixtures in order to reduce the weight and through this make it possible to use the robots in assisting the framing process. The current work involves a generalization of the principle both considering the design of the fixtures with respect to issues such as materials properties and design principles, and design of the production system.
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3.
  • Bramklev, Caroline, et al. (author)
  • Concurrent Design of Product and Package - Extending the Concept of IPD
  • 2001
  • In: [Host publication title missing].
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • As a result of the globalisation of the world economy, many enterprises that previously confined their business activities to national markets are now focusing on broader international markets, thus forming the basis for the establishment of global enterprises. In addition to the extension of markets, these global companies also seek cost reductions through scale economics in logistics, marketing, product development, production and purchasing, and through focused manufacturing and/or assembly operations - Christopher [5], Porter [10]. In order to contribute to the establishment of global enterprises, an interdisciplinary research project has been launched at the Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Sweden, as a collaborative effort between two of its divisions Machine Design and Packaging Logistics. The overall objective established for the project is to: facilitate the establishment of successful global enterprises by providing methods, techniques and an overall procedure model for integrating packaging logistics into the product development process.” By extending the concept of Integrated Product Development (IPD) to include the concurrent design of product and packaging, increased efficiency and effectiveness in the product development process are conceivable. Apart from the apparent advantage of reducing the time to market, environmental impacts in terms of a reduction in the consumption of raw materials due to the possibility of facilitating a “tailor-made” packaging of the product are also conceivable. As a result of the development of more efficient and effective packaging of the products, a reduction in emissions from the distribution of the products is also expected. For the development of the product-to-be, the packaging might provide alternative, less costly, solutions; this especially applies to those products, which have to withstand major structural loads during the distribution phase of the product life cycle. The overall concept of integrating relevant activities from the packaging logistics area into the IPD process has been introduced in a previous paper - see Bjärnemo et al [1]. In the paper presented here, the main objective is to:” establish the industrial relevance of introducing the concurrent design of product and packaging thus supporting or rejecting the key element in the previously developed integration concept.” The secondary objective is to: “obtain more detailed information on the actual handling of the interaction between product and packaging design in industry.” The latter information is intended to be used either for the further development of extended IPD concept or for providing a more detailed view why the integration concept has to be reacted. In order to obtain the information requested, an explorative survey has been performed in Swedish industry. The findings from this survey and its implications, as outlined above, are reported here
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4.
  • Bramklev, Caroline, et al. (author)
  • Increasing competitiveness through concurrent development of product and packaging
  • 2004
  • In: Proceedings of the TMCE 2004. ; , s. 855-868
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Extending the product development process to also include the concurrent design of product and packaging is expected to increase efficiency and effectiveness in the development process. Apart from the obvious advantage of reducing the lead times of the development project, improving environmental impact by reducing the consumption of raw material due to the possibility of facilitating a "tailor made" packaging of the product is also anticipated. For the development of the product-to-be, the packaging might provide alternative, less costly, solutions. The main objective is to establish the actual interest in or need for introducing concurrent development of product and package in the product development process. In this paper the findings from a literature review and two surveys are reported. The surveys are performed in 40 Swedish companies, half of them in the food industry and the other half in the pharmaceutical industry. From an overall perspective of competitiveness, the findings demonstrate not only the relevance of introducing concurrent development of product and packaging in the product development process, but also that this introduction should be based on the concept of integration.
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5.
  • Bramklev, Caroline, et al. (author)
  • Towards an Integrated Design of Product and Packaging
  • 2005
  • In: [Host publication title missing].
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The globalization of the world economy has forced many enterprises to merge and/or to acquire enterprises worldwide. in the next phase of this development, rationalization calls for specialization of functions such as product development and production in one or a few sites, if not being outsourced to external suppliers. These new divisions of the “virtual” enterprise have to collaborate within internal and external networks, where efficient and effective transportation, handling and storing of intermediary and final products is a must. In order to obtain this objective, an integration concept of the design of product and packaging has been proposed by Bjärnemo et al. [ 1]. The acceptance of the need for such a concept in industry has been established by Bramkiev [2]. In this paper an industrially implementable, integrated procedure model for the concurrent design of product and packaging, confined to the product area of mechanical engineering, is presented.
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6.
  • Eriksson, Martin, et al. (author)
  • A process model for enhanced integration between computer-based design analysis and engineering design
  • 2016
  • Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • The findings from a survey in industry and from an extensive literature survey revealed the need for the development of an integrated process model for computer-based design analysis (CBDA) facilitating the interactions in the engineering design process in mechanical engineering on an operational level. CBDA is here confined to the utilization of advanced computational methods and tools from computer aided engineering (CAE), such as computational structural mechanics (CSM), computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and multi-body systems (MBS). In order to facilitate integration to the multitude of engineering design process models in industrial practice, including overall processes such as product innovation and product development, the process model needs to be adaptive and generic. Generic should here be interpreted as not being dependent on any specific type of product, engineering design process, or on any specific type of product innovation and/or product development process models utilized by an enterprise. Resulting from synthesis processes based on the findings from surveys and experiences gained from design analysis projects in industrial practice, the generic design analysis process (GDA) model was developed. The application of the GDA process model is exemplified by four examples, which have been utilized for validation of the process model.
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7.
  • Eriksson, Martin, et al. (author)
  • Integrating engineering design and design analysis activities at an operational level
  • 2017
  • In: Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Integrated Design Engineering - IDE Workshop'17. - Magdeburg. - 9783941016118 ; , s. 69-80
  • Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Computer-based design analysis is nowadays of utmost importance for most engineering design projects. However, this brings some challenges, among them that of the collaboration between engineering designers and design analysts. Since they work with, and are responsible for, different areas, they do not necessarily have full insight into each other’s way of working. The issue of integration between the design analysis process and the engineering design process is of major significance for providing an increase in efficiency and effectiveness in engineering design and development of products. In this work, an approach is proposed aiming at providing this increase in efficiency and effectiveness. Based on the analysis of the information workflow between the engineering design process and the design analysis process, a mapping of the necessary interactions between engineering designers and design analysts can be made. The presented approach facilitates this mapping. An application of this approach to an industrial project is also presented.
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8.
  • Eriksson, Martin, et al. (author)
  • Interaction between computer-based design analysis activities and the engineering design process - An industrial survey
  • 2014
  • In: Proceedings of the 13th International Design Conference - DESIGN'14. - Zagreb : University of Zagreb. - 1847-9073. ; DS 77:2, s. 1283-1296, s. 1283-1296
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In the large majority of product development projects, computer-based design analyses are performed to assess the feasibility of potential technical solutions. As a first step to bring about a deeper understanding of the interactions between the engineering design and the design analysis activities, a survey has been performed in industry. The results of the survey cover: the use of design analysis within product development, the interactions of engineering design along the design analysis process, and the treatment of uncertainties and errors connected to the design analysis activities.
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9.
  • Eriksson, Martin, et al. (author)
  • Utilizing the generic design analysis (GDA) process model within an extended set of design analysis contexts
  • 2017
  • In: Proceedings of the International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition - IMECE'17. - New York : ASME Press. - 9780791858462 ; 11, s. 011-028
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In most industrial product development projects, computer-based design analysis, or simply design analysis, is frequently utilized. Several design analysis process models exist in the literature for the planning, execution and follow-up of such design analysis tasks. Most of these process models deal explicitly with design analysis tasks within two specific contexts: the context of design evaluation, and the context of design optimization. There are, however, several more contexts within which design analysis tasks are executed. Originating from industrial practice, four contexts were found to represent a significant part of all design analysis tasks in industry. These are: 1. Explorative analysis, aiming at the determination of important design parameters associated with an existing or predefined design solution (of which design optimization is a part). 2. Evaluation, aiming at giving quantitative information on specific design parameters in support of further design decisions. 3. Physical testing, aiming at validating design analysis models through physical testing, that is, determining the degree to which models are accurate representations of the real world from the perspective of the intended uses of the models. 4. Method development, that is the development, verification and validation of specific guidelines, procedures or templates for the design analyst and/or the engineering designer to follow when performing a design analysis task. A design analysis process model needs to be able to deal with at least these four. In this work, a process model named the generic design analysis (GDA) process model, is applied to these four contexts. The principles for the adaptation of the GDA process model to different contexts are described. The use of the GDA process model in these contexts is exemplified with industrial cases: explorative analysis of design parameters of a bumper beam system, the final physical acceptance tests of a device transportation system (collision test, drop test, vibration test), and the method development of a template for analyzing a valve in a combustion engine. The "Evaluation" context is not exemplified as it is the most common one in industry. The GDA process model has been successfully used for the four contexts. Using the adaptation principles and industrial cases, the adaptation of the GDA process model to additional contexts is also possible.
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10.
  • Motte, Damien, et al. (author)
  • A descriptive model of the designer’s problem-solving activity during the later phases of the mechanical engineering design process
  • 2004
  • In: Proceedings of the 1st CDEN Design Conference. - : Queen's University Library.
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Many specific and precise methods that support the mechanical engineering designer's work during the conceptual design phase exist, while only a few general methods address the embodiment design and detail design phases. Our study presents the pattern of the designer's problem-solving activity during the later phases of the design process. This model is in-tended to serve as a basis for further development of tools and methods directly oriented towards the de-signer at work in these stages of the design process. The descriptive model presented here is developed through observations of six designers at work in con-trolled experiments, and follows a previous study published elsewhere.
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11.
  • Motte, Damien, et al. (author)
  • A method for supporting the integration of packaging development into product development
  • 2007
  • In: Advances in Life Cycle Engineering for Sustainable Manufacturing Businesses - Proceedings of the 14th CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, June 11th-13th, 2007. - London : Springer London. - 9781846289347 - 9781846289354 ; , s. 95-100
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This paper aims to support the decision-making tasks regarding the integration of packaging development into product development. Based on the study of the interactions of the product and packaging during the whole product life cycle, a set of packaging-related factors was extracted and mapped to a general product development model, which at a strategic level can be used to define an integrated product development policy. At a tactical level, the mapping matrices are used to support the product development projects planning. At an operational level, they can be used to make packaging-related decisions during an ongoing product development project.
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12.
  • Motte, Damien, et al. (author)
  • A note on the debate on scientific process vs. design process
  • 2011
  • In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Engineering Design - ICED'11. - 2223-7941 .- 2220-4342. - 9781904670322 ; DS 68:2, s. 356-365
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • It has been often claimed that the scientific process is quite opposite to the design process, mainly based on the former’s analysis of existing phenomena in order to develop a theory, while the design process is an act of synthesis that creates something new in the world. In the light of the developments that led to this conception, and with reference to the current views of the scientific process, we maintain that the scientific process has more similarities with the design process than differences from it. As parallels can be drawn between the two processes, some implications for further research into the fundamentals of the design activity are discussed.
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13.
  • Motte, Damien, et al. (author)
  • A study of the designer's cognitive processes during the later phases of the engineering design process
  • 2004
  • In: Proceedings of the 8th International Design Conference - DESIGN'04. - 9536313596 ; DS 32:1, s. 421-428
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • An increasing number of studies have been focusing on the cognitive abilities and limitations of the designer during the design process, yet thus far only for the conceptual design phase. This paper deals with the embodiment design and detail design phases. We focus on the problem-solving process - strategies and basic steps - around the synthesis activity. Six experiments have been carried out, applying the verbal protocol analysis method as adapted to embodiment design and detail design. The results of this study show the specificities of the problem-solving activities of the later phases of the design process.
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14.
  • Motte, Damien, et al. (author)
  • A study of the mechanical designer's strategies and tactics during the later phases of the engineering design process
  • 2004
  • In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology - DETC/DTM'04. - 0791846962 - 0791837424 ; 3a, s. 315-324
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This paper presents the results of an explorative study on the strategies and tactics applied by the mechanical designer during the later phases of the design process. The method chosen for this study is experiment-based, which is appropriate for an in-depth examination of the designer's activities. Six experiments have been run based on three dimensions: 1) the carrying out of basic design tasks consisting of the designer's strategies and tactics; 2) use of rules, principles and guidelines; and 3) consideration of additional factors. The analysis of the experiments is based on the verbal protocol analysis method. Although the designers individually showed different approaches, the strategies adopted by the experts presented a similar pattern. Some powerful tactics but also some weaknesses have been identified: the experts reasoned very early in the process in terms of concrete parts and components and thus rapidly solved interface problems; on the other hand, the evaluation and check activities were often considered as secondary.
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15.
  • Motte, Damien, et al. (author)
  • Comparative study of the student's design process: Implications for the teaching of the later phases of the mechanical engineering design process
  • 2004
  • In: Proceedings of the 1st CDEN Design Conference. - : Queen's University Library.
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Most methods that guide the designer through the later phases of the design process are general in nature, and it is up to the designer to organize the design work using the tools and techniques available. This process also relies greatly on experience, which is quite a challenge for students, who are mostly novices in the area. In a comparative study, the evolution of the experience and skills acquired by the students in performing design tasks during the embodiment design and detail design phases has been analyzed. The results indicate the main directions for improvement in teaching the later phases of the mechanical engineering design process.
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16.
  • Motte, Damien, et al. (author)
  • Dealing with the combinatorial explosion of the morphological matrix in a "manual engineering design" context
  • 2013
  • In: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology - DETC/DTM'13. - 9780791855928 ; 5, s. 005-014
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The morphological matrix is an important element of the engineering design methodology and is present in many textbooks. This method originally aimed at generating an exhaustive set of solutions for a given problem, by decomposing it into subproblems, finding solutions to each subproblem, and combining them. One issue associated with the morphological matrix has been the necessity to deal with the combinatorial explosions of solutions, especially at the conceptual design phase, when the still fuzzy nature of the design problem precludes the use of automated search for an optimal solution by means of specific algorithms (the "manual engineering design" context), apart from a few exceptions. Several heuristics based on the reduction of the number of combinations are investigated, and their efficiency is assessed. It is showed that the often-recommended compatibility matrix heuristic is the least efficient and can result in overlooking potentially interesting combinations. In fact all heuristics, even combined, generally fail to decrease the number of combinations to a level that can be handled by the designers, unless the original number of combinations is low. However, if one abandons the principle of an exhaustive investigation of the combinations in order to find the "best" solution, it can be showed statistically that the probability of ending up with a "good" concept among a very large number of combinations can be attained. Moreover, it is showed that the number of combinations one is willing to investigate also can contribute to increase this probability. Moreover the experience gained from the first round of investigation can serve as a guide to choose and assess other combinations. Based on those results, some recommendations for using the morphological matrix with all the different heuristics are given. Moreover, this paper discusses and relativizes the importance of the combinatorial explosion issue of morphological matrix compared with some other advantages and shortcomings of the method.
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17.
  • Motte, Damien, et al. (author)
  • Defining a strategy of integration of packaging development into product development
  • 2007
  • In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Engineering Design - ICED'07. - 1904670024 ; DS 42
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • 1 INTRODUCTION In a global and highly competitive economy, companies have now adopted an increasingly integrated ap-proach to product development. However, packaging logistics has been left out from this integration trend. The reasons are multiple: first packaging is not considered to be an integral part of the product, so it is not part of the product “culture” of the company. In most companies, packaging is considered only at the production phase or as a logistic matter. Secondly, and as importantly, there are multiple ways of inte-grating packaging into product development – and packaging development is often performed by several external suppliers – but no general decision-making supports are available to develop a thorough policy in favour of this integration [1]. 2 OBJECTIVE This paper presents a support for guiding the strategic activity of integrating packaging development into product development. It consists on a set of factors that will help the manager chosing among, and build-ing on, a set of 4 types of strategies. 3 METHODS First the concept of integration is defined, the packaging issues at a strategic level are developed and the major strategy definition types from the literature are described. The types of strategies presented in the support have been extracted from the literature and cases from a survey by [2]. The factors have been de-termined by a systemic approach and their search has been performed using a functional analysis method-ology and a technical packaging literature review (presented in [1). The factors’ influence levels have been determined by a set of criteria (Impact on amount of work for design development, impact on amount of work for manufacturing development, manufacturing investment, consequence if the factor has not been taken into account). 4 RESULTS As a support for integrating packaging development into product development. The manager has at dis-posal the description of 4 possible strategies integrating packaging development into product development and a set of packaging-specific factors to help him or her in making a more informed choice. The first step is merely to appropriate the different strategy models that can be as much scenarios or sources of inspira-tion the company could adapt. The factors are of 4 types: 1. the functions the product has to fulfil that can be implemented into either the product or the packaging; 2. likewise, a set of working principles types (or modes of operation) corresponding to the functions is defined, 3. the product physical properties and elements that refer to the functions and modes of operations (these factors are thus interrelated and mapped to each other); 4. the product family elements concern the whole family of a product. A level of influence has been also affected to each factor: direct influence (DI); potential influence (PI): the factor can be important for some types of products; minor influence (MI): except for some exceptions, the factor will not influence the degree of integration of packaging development into product development. […] The 4 types of strategies are: 1. Total integration: packaging is considered as a part of a product, on the same level as any other part. 2. Extended enterprise: the product company chooses not to have packaging as one of its core competen-cies, but packaging development is still sufficiently intertwined with product development to need a strong, long-term partnership with the packaging company(ies). 3. Virtual enterprise: similar to the extended enterprise, the partnership concerns here only a peculiar pro-ject. 4. Supplier-buyer: the packaging is treated as a simple component of a product. 5 CONCLUSION Based on 4 integration strategy models and a guideline, this support should help strategy planners define their own integrated product development strategies. Further development should include an empirical database (of case studies for example) to guide further the manager in his/her choice. Instead of 4 sets of strategies, it could be possible to break down them into smaller components the manager could choose. This would make possible to model the strategy definition task as a classification or as a configuration design task, and apply the methods developed in knowledge-based system (see [3]). REFERENCES [1] Motte, D., Bramklev, C., Bjärnemo, R. A method for supporting the integration of packaging devel-opment into product development. In 14th CIRP International Conference on Life Cycle Engineering 2007 - LCE CIRP, Tokyo, 2007, 95-100 (Springer, London). [2] Bramklev, C. Concurrent Development of Product and Packaging. Licentiate Thesis, 2004 (Division of Packaging Logistics, Department of Design Sciences LTH, Lund University, Lund). [3] Schreiber, G. Knowledge engineering and management: the CommonKADS methodology, 2002 (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA).
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18.
  • Motte, Damien, et al. (author)
  • Development of a computer-aided fixture design system for lightweight grippers in the automotive industry
  • 2016
  • In: International Journal of Design Engineering. - Genève : InderScience Publishers. - 1751-5874 .- 1751-5882. ; 6:3, s. 237-261
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The need for dedicated fixtures for flexible manufacturing systems is increasing, as dedicated fixtures are lighter, more compact and, more accurate than flexible fixtures. The main challenges are that parts and processes are more and more complex, which requires designing novel or complex dedicated fixtures, and that, for one given flexible fixture to be replaced, several variants of such dedicated fixtures must be designed to hold a variety of individual parts, without imposing increased costs and delays. The systematic fixture design method and computer-aided design fixture system (CAFDS) developed and applied for the presented industrial case—novel design of lightweight (carbon fibre composite) robot grippers—is a possible approach to address these issues.
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19.
  • Motte, Damien, et al. (author)
  • Elements for improving the teaching of the later phases of the mechanical engineering design process
  • 2005
  • In: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Engineering Design - ICED'05. - 0858257882 - 1904670008 ; DS 35
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Introduction During the embodiment design and detail design phase, the designer has at his disposal a set of tools and techniques that him or her through the synthesis activity: basic rules, guidelines and principles (see [1]), but in the literature there are general design processes that help the designer to organize their work (e.g. [1]), but not at a very operational level. From a previous study [2], it has been observed that professional designer followed, though loosely, a determined process, while students had more difficulty at the operational level when dealing with the embodiment design and detail design activities. Thus, this year an embodiment design and detail design process method was introduced to the students.This study presents whether the introduction of this process led to an increase in students' effectiveness and efficiency, and thus whether this process has a place in the teaching of the later phases of the mechanical engineering design process. Methodology The analysis was made through the combined use of a design project reports review and a verbal protocol study. The verbal protocol study consisted of two sets of experiments: students performed a design task under experimental conditions before and after the course. A third set of experiments in which last years' students participated for an earlier study was also used. The analysis consisted of three phases. First we examined whether the students had assimilated the design process. From the analysis of the design project reports, the students' understanding level for each step of the process and the whole process was assessed. The assessment was further refined by means of the study of the verbal protocols. Increase in effectiveness was studied by means of comparing the students that did perform the experiments after the course with last years' students, who had not been taught any embodiment design and detail design process. Finally, increase in efficiency was measured by testing whether there was a correlation between the design process quality and the design result quality. Results and discussion By and large, the students understood the process. The elements of the process whose teaching needs to be first improved are, according to this study, the steps related to solution searching and solution evaluation. The introduction of a structured embodiment design and detail design process method to the students increased students' effectiveness for certain steps of the design process introduced: problem specification and decomposition; criteria specification. The students went faster and earlier to more concrete solutions and avoided useless feedback loops, which ensured a decreased design time. There is no correlation between the design process observed and the design results, but the heuristics "think in terms of standard components" seems to have an important impact on the results. The combined use of design project reports review and verbal protocol study was adapted to the objectives of this study. However, some steps should be investigated with deeper, specific experiments. An additional result of this study is that a structured process is actually requested by the students, who feel sometimes the need for clues and guidance during the design activity. As observed in [2], professional designers also sometimes needed guidance in their design activity that would have led to a faster process. This requires further investigation, but it seems that a design process that focuses on facilitating the design activity, on reported problems and weaknesses, could lead indirectly to the increase of efficiency and effectiveness. References [1] Pahl G., Beitz W., "Engineering Design – A systematic approach" (2nd Rev. Ed.), Springer, London, 1996. [2] Motte D., Andersson P.-E., Bjärnemo R., "A Study of the Mechanical Designer's Strategies and Tactics During the Later Phases of the Engineering Design Process", Proceedings of the DTM/ASME, Salt Lake City, 2004.
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20.
  • Motte, Damien, et al. (author)
  • Evaluation of a method supporting the integration of packaging development into product development using an assessment framework for methodologies under development
  • 2018
  • In: Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Tools and Methods of Competitive Engineering - TMCE'18. - 9789461869104 ; , s. 471-486
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This paper presents the evaluation of a method supporting the integration of packaging development into product development through the use of an assessment framework for methodologies under development. While the evaluation of the integration method itself is critical for its further development the main objective is to use this evaluation as a further testing of the assessment framework. The assessment framework has only been tested once in its current version and replications are needed. The results of the testing of the support method indicate that it has high consistency but should be further developed with regards to simplicity of use, and overall attractiveness. About the framework, only minor changes were needed to assess the support method. The testing also shows that the framework can also be used for the assessment of methods, not only methodologies.
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21.
  • Motte, Damien, et al. (author)
  • Integration of the computer-based design analysis activity in the engineering design process - A literature survey
  • 2014
  • In: Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Tools and Methods of Competitive Engineering - TMCE'14. - Delft : Delft University of Technology. - 9789461861771 - 9461861761 - 9789461861764 ; 2, s. 1181-1194
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Computer-based design analysis is nowadays a common activity in most development projects. Used for design evaluation, verification, validation, or as a support for design exploration, it fulfils an important support function for the engineering designer, thus making it essential to have an operationally efficient and effective integration between both the engineering design and design analysis activities in the overall development project. In this area, most works are focusing on software (mainly CAD/CAE) integra-tion, but not on the integration between computer-based design analysis and engineering design at the process level or on the collaboration between the engineering designer and the design analyst. This paper presents a review of the literature on that specific topic, namely the integration of the computer-based design analysis activity in the engineering design process. Different research topics are identified and elaborated upon: integration in general process models; rec-ommendations for the different analysis steps; analysis early in the engineering design process; integration of design analysis in the engineering designer's work; alternative usages of design analysis in the engineering design process; and others, such as recommending guidelines instead of process models, quality assurance aspects, education, and implementation issues. Some neglected aspects were also identified. Among others, there is a lack of research into the so-called technology development (development of design analysis procedures and guidelines), and a need for emphasis on uncertainties, both coupled with the design analysis activity.
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22.
  • Motte, Damien, et al. (author)
  • Mechanical embodiment design with digital desktops
  • 2007
  • In: Interactive Tables Workshop at the 19th AFIHM Conference. - 9781595937919 ; Appendix, s. 31-34
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This paper describes the potential help that the interactive desktop concept can bring to the execution of embodiment design tasks. The presented project is still in its infancy. The research framework is the following: once a product concept has been approved, the mechanical design engineer develops the product architecture and product part (also called embodiment design). Sketches at that level are essential both for synthesis and analysis purposes. Moreover, the designer has often to collaborate with the production department. The current CAD tools do not allow the same freedom, sensitivity nor the same possibility of communication and understanding the sketch. The interactive desktop is a technical mean that would allow taking into account the majority of the mechanical design engineer needs during embodiment design.
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23.
  • Motte, Damien, et al. (author)
  • Modelling of the integration tasks of product and packaging development
  • 2017
  • In: Proceedings of the 29th NOFOMA Conference - NOFOMA'17. - 9789177533375 ; , s. 532-547
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PurposeThere is a growing demand for a concurrent development of product and packaging in order to better take into account the supply chain needs. Different tasks are required to integrate packaging and product development: 1) At the strategic level, it is necessary to define or refine an integrated development policy; 2) For each new development project, an adaptation of this policy must be undertaken; 3) Under the execution of each project, relevant decisions need to be made when a deviation from the development plan occurs. These integration tasks are knowledge-intensive and a rigorous modelling of these tasks would help the manager filtering and structuring the necessary knowledge and make more informed decisions.Design/methodology/approachThe integration tasks have been modelled with CommonKADS, a knowledge engineering methodology. It has contributed to clearly define which activities and which knowledge elements are necessary.FindingsThe tasks have been modelled and the necessary knowledge elements identified. Some elements are generic, while for some others the knowledge base need to be company-specific.Research implications and limitationsThe formal modelling makes it possible to develop support for these integration tasks (computer-based or not). The task models need however to be refined with empirical data. It is also necessary to assess empirically the acceptance of this approach by managers before it can be diffused in industry.Original/valueIntegration aspects in development are generally dealt with general process models. The proposed approach gives more guidance to the manager. The used formalism ensures the coherency of the modelled tasks.
  •  
24.
  • Motte, Damien, et al. (author)
  • On the interaction between the engineering design and the development process models - Part I: Elaborations on the generally accepted process models
  • 2011
  • In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Research into Design - ICoRD'11. - 9789810877217 ; , s. 87-95
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Models of the engineering design process and of the development process nowadays present similar forms in the engineering design literature and interact in a similar way. These models are often presented as generic, in order to be used in a wide area of applications. This interaction is, however, not unproblematic, and in this publication we present some important issues and challenge the generic aspect of these models. In order to increase clarity we have divided the publication into two parts. In Part I, the generally accepted engineering design and development process models are presented. The fundaments of the development model and the motivations behind its current form are highlighted. In Part II, the consequences in the form of severe shortcomings resulting from the interaction of the engineering design and development process models are highlighted. These shortcomings do not disappear when the systematic design process model is applied with alternative development process models. The implications for the further development of methodologies supporting the design and development models are discussed.
  •  
25.
  • Motte, Damien, et al. (author)
  • On the interaction between the engineering design and the development process models - Part II: Shortcomings and limitations
  • 2011
  • In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Research into Design - ICoRD'11. - 9789810877217 ; , s. 96-103
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Models of the engineering design process and of the development process nowadays present similar forms in the engineering design literature and interact in a similar way. These models are often presented as generic, in order to be used in a wide area of applications. This interaction is however not unproblematic, and in this publication we present some important issues and challenge the generic aspect of these models. In order to increase clarity, we have divided the publication into two parts. In Part I, the generally accepted engineering design and development process models are presented. The fundaments of the development model and the motivations behind its current form are highlighted. In Part II, the consequences in the form of severe shortcomings resulting from the interaction of the engineering design and development process models are highlighted. These shortcomings do not disappear when the systematic design process model is applied with alternative development process models. The implications for the further development of methodologies supporting design and development models are discussed.
  •  
26.
  •  
27.
  • Motte, Damien, et al. (author)
  • Study of the sequential constraint-handling technique for evolutionary optimization with application to structural problems
  • 2011
  • In: Proceedings of the 37th Design Automation Conference - DETC/DAC'11. - 9780791854822 ; 5, s. 521-531
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Engineering design problems are most frequently charac-terized by constraints that make them hard to solve and time-consuming. When evolutionary algorithms are used to solve these problems, constraints are often handled with the generic weighted sum method or with techniques specific to the prob-lem at hand. Most commonly, all constraints are evaluated at each generation, and it is also necessary to fine-tune different parameters in order to receive good results, which requires in-depth knowledge of the algorithm. The sequential constraint-handling techniques seem to be a promising alternative, be-cause they do not require all constraints to be evaluated at each iteration and they are easy to implement. They neverthe-less require the user to determine the ordering in which those constraints shall be evaluated. Therefore two heuristics that allow finding a satisfying constraint sequence have been developed. Two sequential constraint-handling techniques using the heuristics have been tested against the weighted sum technique with the ten-bar structure benchmark. They both performed better than the weighted sum technique and can therefore be easy to implement, and powerful alternatives for solving engineering design problems.
  •  
28.
  • Motte, Damien, et al. (author)
  • The cognitive aspects of the engineering design activity – A literature survey
  • 2004
  • In: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Tools and Methods of Competitive Engineering - TMCE'04. - 90 5966 018 8 ; 2, s. 1095-1096
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This literature survey aims at representing the current research on the cognitive aspects of the design activity, with an emphasis on problem-solving processes. The study is based on the selection of about sixty papers and books on the subject. The principal parameters of the study were defined as follows: general topics of the works, objects of the works, cognitive approaches, research results, study methods. The findings from this survey are: Most of the studies concern design theory, and then design support and education; They focus mainly on the conceptual design phase; The foremost cognitive aspect studied is problem solving, but knowledge, imagery and memory are also considered; The results of the reviewed papers confirm the validity of prescriptive methods for the design process, but there is a felt need for acknowledgement of the design activity constraints induced by cognitive limitations; The methods employed in most experiments are based on verbal protocol analysis and sketch analysis. The most important findings of this survey are that research should be extended to new areas, such as: Research on the cognitive aspects of the designer in the embodiment and detail design phases; Implementation of the research findings in current design practice, to improve the design process; Research of the origins of expert knowledge.
  •  
29.
  • Motte, Damien, et al. (author)
  • The specificities of radical innovation
  • 2011
  • In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Research into Design - ICoRD'11. - 9789810877217 ; , s. 79-86
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In this paper, we investigate a special case of new product development (NDP), that of radical innovation. When a company desires to go outside a current saturated market, it is necessary to offer a new product which is radically different from the competition. If successful, the offering will create a new market that the company can expect to dominate a least for a while until the competition strikes back. A radical NPD has several characteristics that are quite unique and distinct from other types of NPD. This paper aims at making a synthesis of these specificities. From this set of specificities, the ability of the current methodologies to deal with radical innovation is discussed.
  •  
30.
  • Nilsson, Fredrik, et al. (author)
  • Skunkwork as a learning methodology - Findings from venture development projects in industry
  • 2007
  • In: Proceedings of the INTED conference.
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This paper presents in some detail findings and experiences gained from a new course entitled “Innovation Engineering” (IE). This course is offered in the Technology Management Programme (TM) at Lund University, Lund, Sweden. The incentive for developing the new course was the need for a more integrated and practical approach where technical, customer and application problems from reality confront the participants. The driving force behind this change of focus has been the ambition to emphasise real life situations and generate a deeper market understanding as well as extensive insights into innovation and product development than was covered by a previous course. In addition to product planning we also wanted to introduce the role of an intrapreneur and to get an extension of the concept of product development. A challenging task was to introduce intraperneurship into the curriculum. The theoretical treatment of the subject is covered by traditional lectures supported by literature. But what about providing some hands-on experience of intreprenurship in practice? In order to achieve that, four companies were engaged (all of them global with technology as a core competence). At each of these companies company representatives and the instructors of the course agreed upon a venture project during precourse meetings. Thus learning arenas for the students were established. The course was divided into two subprojects, one minor project and one major project. The minor one was an introductory project, which aimed at providing the students with insights into the current status of the company. A goal was also, to give the students the opportunity to identify a potential project on their own. Alternatively the company provided one. The main project was to adopt the role of an intrapreneur in the company setting, undertake the project development task and deliver the results in the form of a business plan. The students were divided into four project teams comprising nine individuals each. For each and every one of the teams, pre-defined roles of responsibility within specific areas such as project leadership, engineering design, logistics etc., were to be covered by the team members. A supervisor was assigned to handle a specific area for each of the teams. The evaluation of the course was based on interviews of students and representatives of the companies and on a survey. In their roles as course leaders, the authors also evaluated and reflected upon the process (as action research) and documented insights and experiences. Some examples of the findings from the evaluation of the projects obtained from industry representatives and the students are: • The students initially felt quite uncomfortable with the “fuzzy” structure of the projects. However, as the course proceeded the students (and the teams) created their own structure and a clear maturation process could be identified. • The outcomes of the projects have clearly contributed to industry. In one of the projects a patent has been applied for and in another one there is a clear market opportunity provided by the students, which the hosting company is now going for.
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31.
  • Nordin, Axel, et al. (author)
  • An approach to constraint-based and mass-customizable product design
  • 2011
  • In: Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering. - : ASME International. - 1530-9827 .- 1944-7078. ; 11:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In traditional product development, several iterations are usually necessary to obtain a successful compromise between constraints emanating from engineering, manufacturing, and aesthetics. Moreover, this approach to product development is not well suited for true mass-customization, as the manufacturing company remains in control of all aspects of the shape of the product-to-be. In this article, we propose an alternative approach that would (1) allow for an improved integration of industrial design into the product development process and (2) enhance the creative repertoire of industrial designers, which (3) would result in significantly improved prospects for mass-customization. The industrial design process may benefit from using advanced and aesthetically interesting morphologies emanating from the areas of mathematics and nature. Such complex morphologies can only be manipulated (analyzed and represented) by means of specific algorithms. On one hand, this requires a shift from established industrial design practice, where the industrial designer is in total control of the product form; on the other hand, it makes it fully possible to compute form so that it complies with engineering and manufacturing constraints. In this setup, the industrial designer still has control of the final result, in that she or he can choose from a set of valid forms. This approach would greatly reduce the number of iterations in the product development process between industrial design, engineering, and production. Naturally, such an approach also allows for advanced masscustomization by allowing consumers to use these tools. Within this approach, a table generation system has been developed: A system that generates tables whose support structure is based on a Voronoi diagram that fulfills structural and manufacturing constraints while being aesthetically appealing.
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32.
  • Nordin, Axel, et al. (author)
  • Complex product form generation in industrial design: A bookshelf based on Voronoi diagrams
  • 2010
  • In: Proceedings of the 4th Design Computing and Cognition Conference - DCC'10. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789400705104 - 9789400705098 ; , s. 701-720
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Complex product form generation methods have rarely been used within the field of industrial design. The difficulty in their use is mainly linked to constraints – such as functionality, production and cost – that apply to most products. By cou-pling a mathematically described morphology to an optimisation system, it may be possible to generate a complex product form, compliant with engineering and pro-duction constraints. In this paper we apply this general approach to the designing of a bookshelf whose structure is based on Voronoi diagrams. The algorithm be-hind the developed application used here is based on a prior work submitted else-where [1], adapted to the bookshelf problem. This second example of product form generation, which includes specific constraints, confirms the relevance of the general approach. The handling of complex morphologies is not straightforward. Consequently, an explorative study on that theme has been performed. A user interface has been de-veloped that allows for designing a bookshelf based on Voronoi diagrams. The user interface was subsequently tested by peer designers. The results suggest that user attitudes diverge: one faction preferred maximum freedom of creation, that is, maximum control of the form creation process; the other faction wanted the appli-cation to generate a bookshelf based on their functional needs (e.g. adapt to the number and types of objects to be stored) and would ask for a “surprise me” effect for the final solution. [1] Nordin A, Hopf A, Motte D, Bjärnemo R, Eckhardt C-C (2009) Using genetic algorithms and Voronoi diagrams in product design. Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering - JCISE, submitted.
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33.
  • Nordin, Axel, et al. (author)
  • Constraint-handling techniques for generative product design systems in the mass customization context
  • 2013
  • In: Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing. - 1469-1760. ; 27:4, s. 387-399
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Generative product design systems used in the context of mass customization are required to generate diverse solutions quickly and reliably without necessitating modification or tuning during use. When such systems are employed to allow for the mass customization of product form, they must be able to handle mass production and engineering constraints that can be time-consuming to evaluate and difficult to fulfill. These issues are related to how the constraints are handled in the generative design system. This article evaluates two promising sequential constraint-handling techniques and the often used weighted sum technique with regard to convergence time, convergence rate, and diversity of the design solutions. The application used for this purpose was a design system aimed at generating a table with an advanced form: a Voronoi diagram based structure. The design problem was constrained in terms of production as well as stability, requiring a timeconsuming finite element evaluation. Regarding convergence time and rate, one of the sequential constraint-handling techniques performed significantly better than the weighted sum technique. Nevertheless, the weighted sum technique presented respectable results and therefore remains a relevant technique. Regarding diversity, none of the techniques could generate diverse solutions in a single search run. In contrast, the solutions from different searches were always diverse. Solution diversity is thus gained at the cost of more runs, but no evaluation of the diversity of the solutions is needed. This result is important, because a diversity evaluation function would otherwise have to be developed for every new type of design. Efficient handling of complex constraints is an important step toward mass customization of nontrivial product forms.
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34.
  • Nordin, Axel, et al. (author)
  • Strategies for consumer control of complex product forms in generative design systems
  • 2013
  • In: Proceedings of the 39th Design Automation Conference - DETC/DAC'13. - 9780791855881 ; 3A, s. 03-029
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In recent years, the number of products that can be tailored to consumers' needs and desires has increased dramatically; there are many opportunities to individualize the colors, materials or options of products. However, current trends indicate that the future consumer will not be satisfied with mere material and color choices, but will desire control over form as well. While it is technically feasible to allow consumers to partially mass-customize the form of products subject to functional and production constraints through the use of a generative design system, the question of how the control of form should be presented to the user arises. The issue becomes especially important when the product form is based on complex morphologies, which require in-depth knowledge of their parameters to be able to control them fully. In this paper, we discuss this issue and present and test two strategies for controlling complex forms in consumer-oriented generative design systems, one offering the user full control over the design ("total control" strategy), while the other automatically generates designs for the user ("no control" strategy). The implementation of those two control strategies in a generative design system for two categories of products (bookshelf and table) and five types of morphologies are described and tested with a number of design interested participants to estimate their level of satisfaction with the two control strategies. The empirical study shows that the participants enjoyed both the total control and no control strategies. The development of the full control modes for the five morphologies was on the other hand not straightforward, and in general, making the controls meaningful to the consumer can be difficult with complex morphologies. It seems that a consumer-oriented generative design system with two different control strategies, as the ones presented in this article, would offer the most satisfaction.
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35.
  • Petersson, Håkan, et al. (author)
  • A computer-based design system for lightweight grippers in the automotive industry
  • 2012
  • In: Proceedings of the International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition - IMECE'12. - New York : ASME Press. - 9780791845196 ; 3 - Part A, s. 169-179
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This paper presents the development as well as the architecture of a computer-aided dedicated fixture design system intended to support the design of lightweight (carbon fiber composite) grippers for a major truck company. Lightweight grippers were required due to the increasing production rates in the automotive industry. The current robotic equipment was facing diverse problems during transportation and aligning of the parts, problems related to mass inertia, accuracy and stability. Moreover, the increased demands for truck customization and fast release of new product versions required a computer-based support for the design of the appropriate fixtures. This application is believed to be of interest for fixture research because the design of such complex fixtures is likely to appear more and more often. Specifically, such fixtures are subject to specific requirements that necessitate a systematic requirement elicitation method; they also require extensive conceptual design work as well as careful analysis activity planning. The main steps requisite for the development of the design system are reported: setup planning, fixture planning, conceptual design of the gripper. The architecture, the process and the constituent elements of the design system are also described and illustrated.
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36.
  • Petersson, Håkan, et al. (author)
  • A process model for the design analysis clarification task
  • 2012
  • In: Proceedings of the 9th International NordDesign Conference - NordDesign'12. - Aalborg & Glasgow : Aalborg University & University of Strathclyde. - 9788791831515 ; DS 71, s. 494-501
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Many product development projects nowadays use computer-aided engineering systems in the analysis of product proposals. It is therefore important to appropriately integrate the analyses activities in the product development process. One important aspect of this integration is how to handle the initiation of the task: identifying the need, planning the task and its monitoring, and communicating it to the analyst. To that end, this paper proposes and illustrates a product development process model that aims to efficiently and effectively prepare a design analysis task.
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37.
  • Petersson, Håkan, 1962-, et al. (author)
  • Carbon Fiber Composite Materials in Modern Day Automotive Production Lines – A Case Study
  • 2013
  • In: ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. - New York : ASME Press. - 9780791856185
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • New and innovative production equipment can be developed by introducing lightweight materials in modern day automotive industry production lines. The properties of these new materials are expected to result in improved ergonomics, energy savings, increased flexibility and more robust equipment, which in the end will result in enhanced productivity. Carbon composite materials are one such alternative that has excellent material properties. These properties are well documented, and the market for carbon composite materials is growing in many areas such as commercial aircrafts, sporting goods and wind turbines. However, when studying the use of carbon composite materials for production equipment in the automotive industry, it was found that there were few, if any, such examples.This paper focuses on innovative ways of making carbon composite materials available for designing automotive industry production equipment by introducing a design and material concept that combines flexibility, relatively low costs and high functionality. By reducing the weight by 60%, it was obvious that the operators were very positive to the new design. But just as important as the improvement of the ergonomic feature, the combination of low weight and material properties resulted in a more robust design and a more stable process of operation. The two main designs (two versions of the steel-based design were constructed) were developed sequentially, making it difficult to compare development costs since knowledge migrated from one project to the next. In this study, the gripper was manufactured in both carbon composite material and steel. The different designs were compared with reference to design costs, functionality, robustness, product costs and ergonomics. The study clearly shows that the composite material represents a favorable alternative to conventional materials, as the system combines superior properties without significantly increasing the cost of the equipment. This paper describes the approach in detail. Copyright © 2013 by ASME
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38.
  • Petersson, Håkan, et al. (author)
  • Integration of computer aided design analysis into the engineering design process for use by engineering designers
  • 2013
  • In: Proceedings of the International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition - IMECE'13. - New York : ASME Press. - 9780791856413 ; 12, s. 002-13
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • When developing products, engineering designers often face the problem that their candidate for a technical solution, ranging from a concept to a detailed design, needs to be analyzed by a design analyst before it is approved or rejected and the engineering designer can continue his/her activities within the product development process. If engineering designers have to send every solution candidate to a design analyst, a lot of time and money is lost. To avoid this, some Swedish companies have started to allow their engineering designers to use the analysis capabilities imbedded in modern CAD/CAE software. In the literature on product development and on computer based design analysis (CBDA) both processes are fairly well described. However, this cannot be said about the interaction between the two processes. This is a growing issue as it represents core knowledge for developing efficient and effective integration concepts, which in turn can be developed into likewise efficient and effective approaches on how to assist the engineering designer to perform parts of the CBDA process on his/her own. Note that when we refer to CBDA here, this is confined to the use of FEM in the development of products, primarily based on working principles originating from the area of Mechanical Engineering. Since we have been working on a process model for the integration between engineering design and design analysis, this has inspired us to utilize findings from these efforts to propose a conceptual model for a design analysis process driven by the engineering designer to be integrated into the product development process. The proposed design analysis process model is based on the use of predefined analysis methods or templates. Templates are also utilized for QA (Quality Assurance) and monitoring of the analysis activities. Responsible for the development of the analysis methods and the templates are expert design analysts, who develop these tools within a technology development process. Before allowing the engineering designers access to them, these tools need to be approved by relevant bodies within the industrial enterprise and/or by external sources such as those responsible for certification and risk management. In this paper we present the development of the proposed integrated design analysis process model and an industrial case study, which incorporates a non-linear design analysis activity, utilizing the FEM-program Abaqus within the CAD-software Catia V5 and its imbedded optimization module.
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39.
  • Petersson, Håkan, 1962- (author)
  • Template-Based Design Analysis : An Alternative Approach for the Engineering Designer to Perform Computer-Based Design Analysis
  • 2016
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • The current trend in industry to encourage engineering designers to take an active part in the analysis of their own design solutions is apparent in many companies today, domestically as well as abroad.From a research project with the objective to develop a computer-based design system for the design of lightweight grippers, one of the major difficulties was to overcome the system users’ lack of knowledge and experience in the design of lightweight structures and Computer-Based Design Analysis (CBDA). CBDA here refers to the use of analysis tools such as Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and computer-based structural optimization. In order to handle these difficulties, the author introduced the use of templates. In the given context, a template refers to an especially preformatted code, which contains the implemented information/knowledge necessary to perform a specific task on an operational level. It should be noted that the use of templates as a means of support in performing a specific design or analysis task is not a new phenomenon in industrial practice. Inspired by the opportunities provided by the template approach, the main objective set out for the thesis project was to facilitate the active participation of the engineering designers in performing CBDA singlehandedly, or in any other organizational setting, by utilizing a Template-Based Design Analysis (TBDA) approach, as an integrated part of their activities within the engineering design process.The evolutionary research approach for the development of the TBDA approach is based on surveys in Swedish as well as international industry, literature surveys, the development of a Generic Design Analysis (GDA) process model (facilitating integration of the activities between CBDA and engineering design) and a number of demonstrator projects to deepen the insights into TBDA. Note that as the TBDA approach is intended for use in industrial practice, the approach is independent of specific engineering design and product development processes utilized in industry.The conclusion of the thesis work clearly supports the claim that TBDA is not only a competitive approach to current alternatives in supporting the engineering designers performing CBDA, but also of a complementary nature providing functionality not included in the alternative approaches currently used in industrial practice.
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40.
  • Petersson, Håkan, et al. (author)
  • The engineering designer in the role of a design analyst – An industrial survey
  • 2015
  • In: Proceedings of the NAFEMS World Congress 2015.
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Traditionally, design analysts are solely responsible for all computerbased design analysis (CBDA). CBDA refers to quantitative design analyses utilising computational tools in the engineering design and development of technical solutions. There are currently limited insights into and knowledge of tools and methods needed to facilitate the use of CBDA by engineering designers. In order to gather information on this aspect of CBDA, an industry survey has been performed.77 persons completed the survey (16% affiliated to NAFEMS) open for twelve weeks during October-December, 2014. Around 35% answered that within their companies CBDA is used by engineering designers, and 28% of those who are not currently doing so expect to do so in the future. Linear static analysis is the most frequent type of analysis performed by engineering designers. The benefits put forward by the respondents in favour of involving engineering designers in CBDA are: it allows early evaluation of concept candidates, shortens lead time, frees resources for the analysis department, and reduces costs. 26% of the respondents answered that there is resistance from the analysis department against allowing engineering designers to perform CBDA, 19% within the engineering design de-partment are also against this involvement and 26% answered that there has been no problem associ-ated with this involvement.Even though the engineering designer performs CBDA on his/her own, supervision (56%) and quali-ty assurance of the analysis results (59%) is the responsibility of the design analysts. This is also the case regarding the development of tools and methods to be used by the engineering designers as well as instruction and training of the engineering designers.
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41.
  • Petersson, Håkan, 1962-, et al. (author)
  • Using Templates To Support The Engineering Designer Performing Computer-Based Design Analysis
  • 2015
  • In: ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. - New York : ASME Press. - 9780791857540
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In their quest for a more efficient and effective utilization of the resources allocated to engineering design projects, and thus to the overall product development project from which the current design task(s) originate, an increasing number of companies allow engineering designers to perform Computer-Based Design Analysis (CBDA) on their own – CBDA is here confined to quantitative analyses using finite element-based structural and thermal analyses, Computational Fluid Dynamics, and Multi-Body Systems. Since all of these tools require a certain level of expertise in order to be successfully utilized in industrial practice, the types of analyses performed by the engineering designers are confined to simple, straightforward ones.In striving for an increase of the individual engineering designer’s possibilities to actively participate in CBDA in industrial practice, an online survey has been carried out and reported in [1]. The main objective set out for this survey was to give an overview of the current situation in the global industry regarding CBDA-tasks being performed by engineering designers, what positive effects it might present to the industry and how it should be implemented for best result. Resulting from this survey, one new support, Template Based Design Analysis (TBDA), singled out as very promising for future development. TBDA is a support to be used in engineering design analyses based on the utilization of the advanced features provided by high-end Computer Aided Design (CAD)/Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) software in supporting, guiding as well as monitoring the design analysis performed by the engineering designer. It was also found that TBDA was gradually being introduced in some industrial companies.Since TBDA is still in its infancy, substantial development needs to be invested in it to make it the full-blown support needed in industrial practice. To be able to contribute to the development of TBDA, it is essential to acquire knowledge about how companies, both national and international, are planning to introduce and utilize TBDA in industrial practice.To that end a new online survey has been carried out, focusing on the introduction and benefits associated with TBDA. Out of a total of 64 respondents, 41 of the these were selected from the previous survey [1] and 23 came from companies known to the authors to utilize CBDA on a regular basis; these 23 were invited to participate in the interviews and as a first step, before carrying out the interviews, all of them were requested to answer the survey. 42 of them, from 17 countries, completed the online-survey. In addition to this survey, 5 Swedish companies, all utilizing CBDA on a regular basis, were participating in qualitative interviews. The main objective was to get an in-depth view on the use of engineering designers performing CBDA as well as an indication on the validity of the responses obtained in the online survey by comparing the results from the interviews and the companies response to the online survey – all companies interviewed answered the online survey in advance before the interviews were carried out.The introduction of TBDA in an industrial setting has resulted in many advantages, such as shorter lead times, opportunities to generate more concept candidates, and increased collaboration between the engineering designers and the design analysts, all of them contributing to more mature technical solutions. Three different automation levels of TBDA have also been identified and accounted for as well as being exemplified. In the companies in which TBDA has not been implemented, some of the reasons for not doing so are high costs, company policy, and the lack of knowledge and experience on the part of the engineering designer. This paper presents the results both from the new online survey as well as from the interviews. © 2015 by ASME
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42.
  • Wang, Peijun, et al. (author)
  • A Web-based cost-effective training tool with possible application to brain injury rehabilitation
  • 2004
  • In: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-2607. ; 74:3, s. 235-243
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Virtual reality (VR) has provoked enormous interest in the medical community. In particular, VIR offers therapists new approaches for improving rehabilitation effects. However, most of these VR assistant toots are not very portable, extensible or economical. Due to the vast amount of 3D data, they are not suitable for Internet transfer. Furthermore, in order to run these VR systems smoothly, special hardware devices are needed. As a result, existing VIR assistant toots tend to be available in hospitals but not in patients' homes. To overcome these disadvantages, as a case study, this paper proposes a Web-based Virtual Ticket Machine, called WBVTM, using VRML [VRML Consortium, The Virtual Reality Modeling Language: International Standard ISO/IEC DIS 14772-1, 1997, available at http://www.vrml.org/Specifications/VRML97], Java and EAI (External Authoring Interface) [Silicon Graphics, Inc., The External Authoring Interface (EAI), available at http://cosmosoftware.com/developer/eai.htmt], to help people with acquired brain injury (ABI) to relearn basic living skills at home at a low cost. As these technologies are open standard and feature usability on the Internet, WBVTM achieves the goals of portability, easy accessibility and cost-effectiveness. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
  •  
43.
  • Wang, Peijun, et al. (author)
  • A web-based interactive virtual environment for mobile phone customization
  • 2005
  • In: Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering. - : ASME International. - 1530-9827 .- 1944-7078. ; 5:1, s. 67-70
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • With globalization, more and more companies are becoming multisited. Efficient and timely collaboration and communication among the development team members become critical for product success. This paper proposes a web-based virtual environment for mobile phone customization, named VMPDS (Virtual Mobile Phone Design Space). The features of this system include the combination of web technology and VR (Virtual Reality) technology, the ability to deal with and extend the product model database, adequate interaction for three-dimensional product model customization, and usefulness for the examination and evaluation of product concept design. The system is implemented by using standard open technologies to assure accessibility and platform independence.
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44.
  • Wang, Peijun, et al. (author)
  • Development of a web-based customer-oriented interactive virtual environment for mobile phone design
  • 2003
  • In: Proceedings of the 23rd Computers and Information in Engineering Conference - DETC/CIE'03. - 0791836991 - 0791836983 ; 1, s. 1183-1191
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • During recent years, mobile phone companies have experienced market-related difficulties that result in increasing competition globally. In an attempt to maintain or increase their market share, enterprises reorganize their resources and employ new technologies to sharpen their competitive edges. Moreover, with the globalization, more and more companies become multi-sited. Efficient and timely collaboration and communication among the Development team members become critical for product success. This paper proposes a web-based interactive virtual environment for mobile phone design, named VMPDS (Virtual Mobile Phone Design Space). The features of the system include the combination of web technology and VR (Virtual Reality) technology, the ability to deal with and extend the product model database, adequate interaction for 3-D product model modification and customization, and usefulness for the examination and evaluation of product concept design. The system is implemented by using standard open technologies such as VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language), Java, SAI (Script Authoring Interface) and EAI (External Authoring Interface) to assure accessibility and platformindependence.
  •  
45.
  • Wang, Peijun, et al. (author)
  • Web-based Interactive VR-CAD System for Conceptual design and Analysis
  • 2007
  • In: Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University. ; 15:4, s. 294-300
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • To overcome the bottleneck of the one-way translation from VR (virtual reality) to CAD in VR-based CAD system, this paper proposes a Web-based VR-CAD system WVCD (Web-based virtual conceptual designer) to support both customers’ and design team members' involvement in the conceptual design and analysis activity over the Internet. It provides users with both parametric and freehand methods to create and edit 3D conceptual models with different levels of complexity in a VR environment intuitively without the need of switching between the VR environment and CAD tools. As a simple and low-cost VR-CAD system, WVCD can help to popularize and improve the Web-based collaborative conceptual design.
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