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1.	Kennedy, Beatrice, 1982-, et al. (författare) App-based COVID-19 syndromic surveillance and prediction of hospital admissions in COVID Symptom Study Sweden 2022 Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The app-based COVID Symptom Study was launched in Sweden in April 2020 to contribute to real-time COVID-19 surveillance. We enrolled 143,531 study participants (≥18 years) who contributed 10.6 million daily symptom reports between April 29, 2020 and February 10, 2021. Here, we include data from 19,161 self-reported PCR tests to create a symptom-based model to estimate the individual probability of symptomatic COVID-19, with an AUC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.74-0.83) in an external dataset. These individual probabilities are employed to estimate daily regional COVID-19 prevalence, which are in turn used together with current hospital data to predict next week COVID-19 hospital admissions. We show that this hospital prediction model demonstrates a lower median absolute percentage error (MdAPE: 25.9%) across the five most populated regions in Sweden during the first pandemic wave than a model based on case notifications (MdAPE: 30.3%). During the second wave, the error rates are similar. When we apply the same model to an English dataset, not including local COVID-19 test data, we observe MdAPEs of 22.3% and 19.0% during the first and second pandemic waves, respectively, highlighting the transferability of the prediction model.
2.	Nilsson, Kerstin, et al. (författare) 54 forskare: Inte alla klarar höjd pensions-ålder 2017 Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet, Stockholm. - 1101-2412. Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet, så att fler klarar att arbeta i högre ålder. Att enbart genom ekonomiska åtgärder höja pensionsåldern är inte långsiktigt hållbart, skriver 54 forskare.DEBATT \| PENSIONForskning visar att cirka var fjärde har en diagnos eller skada orsakad av sitt arbete. Detta gör arbetsorsakad sjukdom och skada till ett betydelsefullt folkhälsoproblem. Att då enbart genom ekonomiska åtgärder höja pensionsåldern för samtliga (yrkes)grupper utifrån deras kronologiska ålder är inte långsiktigt hållbart när individers biologiska ålder är så olika bland annat till följd av arbetslivet. Detta är en demokratifråga. Forskning om äldre i arbetslivet och hållbart arbete visar att man då främst flyttar individer från pensionssystemet till sjukförsäkringssystemet och ökar klyftorna i samhället.Debatt Det här är en argumenterande text med syfte att påverka. Åsikterna som uttrycks är skribentens egna.Vi är 54 forskare som nu gemensamt har skrivit denna debattartikel. Anledningen är att vi är oroade över att cirka var fjärde blir sjuk av sitt arbete samtidigt som man i det förslag som ligger om att senarelägga ålderspensionen i princip utgår ifrån att arbetskraftsdeltagande enbart styrs av ekonomin. Vi vill trycka på betydelsen av åtgärder i arbetslivet för att komma tillrätta med ohälsan, det vill säga inte enbart ekonomiska restriktioner som tvingar folk som inte kan, vill och orkar att stanna kvar i arbetslivet till en högre kronologisk ålder.Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att förtjäna möjligheter till pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån antalet år sedan en person föddes, då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor.Den svenska sjukförsäkringsreformen 2008 avsåg att få tillbaka människor i arbete. Men studien fann att den faktiskt bidrog till att fler gick i tidig ålderspension av dem som var i åldern 55–64 år. Ökningen var störst bland korttidsutbildade. Mer än 5 procent fler gick i tidig ålderspension då det blev svårare att få sjukpenning och sjukersättning. Vi kan notera att det är vanligare att manliga chefer tar ut tidig ålderspension, jämfört med kvinnliga maskinskötare inom tillverkningsindustrin. I vissa yrken är det dessutom vanligare att människor, trots pension, både orkar och faktiskt ges möjlighet att arbeta vidare om de har en specialkompetens som efterfrågas. Om vi endast kombinerar ekonomiska morötter med piskor finns en stor risk att vi ökar klyftan mellan grupper som både kan och vill fortsätta att yrkesarbeta och personer som av olika skäl inte längre kan eller orkar.Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas och våra attityder som är kopplade till ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder.”Morötter” är viktigare för en god arbetshälsa och hög produktivitet än en piska i form av oron för en dålig ekonomi.Forskning visar att pedagogik som bygger på ”morötter” oftast är betydligt bättre än ”piskor” för att nå framgångsrika och långsiktiga mål. ”Morötter” i samhället, för organisationer, företag och individer är därför viktiga för god arbetshälsa och fortsatt produktivitet och kan bidra till ett längre arbetsliv även för grupper som tidigare inte ens klarat av att arbeta fram till pensionsåldern. Genom forskning inom området har bland annat swage-modellen utarbetats. Detta är ett verktyg som visar på komplexiteten i ett hållbart arbetsliv och tillsammans med systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete, handlingsplaner och åtgärder syftar till ett mer hållbart arbetsliv. Morötter är enligt forskningen i detta sammanhang åtgärder för en god fysisk och mental arbetsmiljö, avpassad arbetsbelastning, stödjande teknik, att man kan anpassa arbetstakten, alternativa arbetstidsmodeller vid behov. Det är viktigt att man känner sig trygg och förväntas och tillåts vara delaktig, att man blir sedd av chefen och arbetskamraterna. Att de egna arbetsuppgifterna upplevs som meningsfulla och behövda av andra skapar självförverkligande och tillfredsställelse i arbetet. Att man känner att ens arbetsuppgifter och man själv är viktig för organisationen och företaget. Att man trots högre ålder inkluderas i olika nysatsningar och får tillgång till kompetensutveckling och inte blir åsidosatt eller åldersdiskriminerad. Utvärderingar visar att de äldre medarbetarna som fick några av dessa anpassningar och möjligheter var mer effektiva, utvilade, stimulerade när de var på arbetet samtidigt som sjukfrånvaron minskade. Vilket i sin tur bidrar till ett längre arbetsliv för grupper som tidigare inte klarat av att arbeta fram till pensionsåldern. I organisationer som bygger på en deltagar- och lärandekultur rustas de anställda för att klara omställningar, nya arbetsuppgifter och vid behov även yrkesbyten.Med en åldrande befolkning där allt fler lever allt längre behöver vi arbeta till en högre ålder i framtiden för att pensionssystemet ska hålla. Men ”morötter” är viktigare för en god arbetshälsa och hög produktivitet än en piska i form av oron för en dålig ekonomi. Det kräver också att vi ändrar våra attityder och förhållningssätt till äldre på arbetsmarknaden, vilket vi bäst gör genom att organisationer och företag får incitament till och erbjuder mer individanpassade arbetsvillkor, särskilt för personer i högre ålder. Låt oss därför använda den framtagna kunskapen i praktiken för att göra arbetslivet friskt och hållbart för alla åldrar.
3.	Nilsson, Kerstin, et al. (författare) Vi är oroade över senare ålderspension 2017 Ingår i: Dagens Samhälle. - 1652-6511. Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Var fjärde person blir i dag sjuk till följd av sitt arbete. Att höja pensionsåldern för alla yrkesgrupper, utan konkreta åtgärder för att minska ohälsan, är därför problematiskt och mycket oroande. Det är, enligt forskarna, inte långsiktigt samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt att utan andra åtgärder höja pensionsåldern för alla. Vi – 54 forskare – är mycket oroade över konsekvenserna av att, som föreslagits, senarelägga ålderspensionen.Förslaget utgår i princip från arbetskraftsdeltagande i princip enbart styrs av ekonomin, medan forskningen visar att det bara är en av flera faktorer som styr hur länge och hur mycket människor väljer att arbeta.Det här sättet att lösa problemet med en åldrande befolkning och ett sviktande pensionssystem är inte samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt på lång sikt, utan riskerar bara att flytta runt folk mellan olika ersättningssystem. Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att tjäna in vår pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån ålder eller antalet år sedan en person föddes då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De med kortare utbildningstid har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har också oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor.Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ekonomin är självklart viktigt för att vi ska vilja arbeta, men den är som sagt enbart en av flera faktorer med betydelse vårt arbetsliv.Hälsotillståndet, både det fysiska och det mentala, har en avgörande betydelse för hur länge och hur mycket vi orkar arbeta. Ett fysiskt och mentalt belastande arbete är en stark riskfaktor för en nedsatt hälsa i slutet av arbetslivet. Arbetstid, arbetstakt och möjlighet till återhämtning spelar en allt större roll ju äldre vi blir. Andra aspekter är arbetsinnehåll, hur meningsfulla och stimulerande arbetsuppgifterna är, balansen mellan arbete och familjesituation och fritidsaktiviteter. Organisationskultur, ledarskapet, stöd i arbetet och kompetens har stor betydelse för om vi ska kunna och vilja arbeta till en högre ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder.Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste därför utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas samt de attityder som är kopplade till ålder.
4.	Dubocq, Florian, 1994-, et al. (författare) Comparison of extraction and clean-up methods for comprehensive screening of organic micropollutants in fish using gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry 2022 Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Pergamon Press. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 286:Pt 3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Monitoring the vast number of micropollutants in the environment by using comprehensive chemical screening is a major analytical challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate a comprehensive analysis method for screening purposes of fish muscle samples by comparing sample preparation methods for a broad range of mid-to non-polar contaminants. Five extraction and three clean-up methods were evaluated for the analysis of 60 compounds with a log Kow range between 0.8 and 8.3 in fish. Both fresh and freeze-dried muscle tissue and extraction sodium sulphate blanks were included to assess recoveries and matrix effects. The performance of the different methods was evaluated using both comprehensive target and nontarget analysis using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The results showed that open-column and ultrasonication extractions (recoveries mostly between 20 and 160 %) resulted in higher recoveries than accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) (recoveries mostly between 20 and 80 %) and bead mixer homogenization extractions (recoveries between 0 and 50 % for the whole Kow range). Multilayer silica was the clean-up method resulting in the lowest matrix effects and highest recoveries, however some compounds (mostly pesticides) were denatured under the acidic conditions used. The convenient and time efficient ultrasonication extraction followed by deactivated silica clean-up proved to be promising for both target and nontarget approaches. The large difference in recoveries and number of detected peaks using target and nontarget approaches between fresh and freeze-dried fish seen for all methods calls for careful consideration, and further studies are needed to improve performance for screening of mid-to non-polar compounds in freeze-dried fish.
5.	Elmendorf, Sarah C., et al. (författare) Global assessment of experimental climate warming on tundra vegetation : heterogeneity over space and time 2012 Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 15:2, s. 164-175 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Understanding the sensitivity of tundra vegetation to climate warming is critical to forecasting future biodiversity and vegetation feedbacks to climate. In situ warming experiments accelerate climate change on a small scale to forecast responses of local plant communities. Limitations of this approach include the apparent site-specificity of results and uncertainty about the power of short-term studies to anticipate longer term change. We address these issues with a synthesis of 61 experimental warming studies, of up to 20 years duration, in tundra sites worldwide. The response of plant groups to warming often differed with ambient summer temperature, soil moisture and experimental duration. Shrubs increased with warming only where ambient temperature was high, whereas graminoids increased primarily in the coldest study sites. Linear increases in effect size over time were frequently observed. There was little indication of saturating or accelerating effects, as would be predicted if negative or positive vegetation feedbacks were common. These results indicate that tundra vegetation exhibits strong regional variation in response to warming, and that in vulnerable regions, cumulative effects of long-term warming on tundra vegetation and associated ecosystem consequences have the potential to be much greater than we have observed to date.
6.	Engström, Alexander (författare) Everyday life, crime, and fear of crime among adolescents and young adults 2021 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Drawing on lifestyle-routine activity theory, this dissertation explores associations between everyday life, crime, and fear of crime among adolescents and young adults. It also examines the operationalisation of the concepts of lifestyle and routine activities, and explores the use of experience methods, via a smartphone application named STUNDA, to collect data about everyday life. Of the four studies conducted, Study I shows that different specific lifestyle measures are of varying relevance for victims, offenders, and victim-offenders, which indicates that no single universal lifestyle feature is of relevance for all outcomes studied. The findings from Study II reveal that spending time with friends in the city-centre is associated with lower levels of fear of crime across months, days, and moments. However, other associations between everyday life variables and fear of crime are inconsistent across these reference periods. Study III, a systematic review of the literature, shows that measures of lifestyle and routine activities differ in the frequency with which they are used in studies on interpersonal victimisation and offending. Illegal activities are often used as lifestyle/routine activity measures in studies on victimisation while unstructured and peer-oriented activities dominate in studies on offending. However, the measures used in the included studies are diverse, which indicates that researchers use a wide range of activities that are intended to measure lifestyle/routine activities. The final paper, Study IV, explores fear of crime in relation to moments of everyday life and finds that specific features of settings, such as being in semi-public and public spaces and on public transport, increase the odds for experiencing fear of crime.The overall conclusions of the studies point to methodological and theoretical directions for future research. First, research in the field of lifestyle-routine activity theory needs to consider specific and potentially different activities when examining victimisation, offending, and the overlap between these two outcomes. Further, fear of crime research must consider different reference periods, such as months, days and moments, since fear may not only be defined as a more stable trait-like phenomenon but also as a momentary and transitory experience in everyday life. The types of measures used to represent everyday life also require consideration, particularly in terms of the inclusion of lifestyle/routine activity measures that are actually related to criminogenic exposure. For theory more specifically, the implications of the findings point to an overall confirmation of the view that exposure to various environmental circumstances is associated with crime and fear of crime. However, across all of the studies conducted, the findings point to potential weaknesses of the theory. In particular, the lack of an elaborated perspective on individual traits and characteristics limits the explanatory scope of lifestyle-routine activity theory. For instance, people with similar lifestyles still vary in terms of their victimisation, offending, and fear of crime, which necessitates the inclusion of additional individual-level factors that could explain these variations. Future research must thus either modify lifestyle-routine activity theory or open up for other theoretical perspectives that provide a more holistic approach to understanding the role of both environ-mental and individual factors when studying everyday life, crime, and fear of crime.
7.	Johansson, Kjell, et al. (författare) Vem vill bli lärare? : gymnasiestudenters attityder till läraryrket 2006 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Syftet med studien var i huvudsak att undersöka vilka attityder och uppfattningar om läraryrket som finns bland företrädesvis gymnasiestuderande samt undersöka vilka faktorer de anser styra människors val av yrkesutbildningar. De undersökningsmetoder som användes var frågeformulär och intervjuer till gymnasiestuderande i "Fyrkantenområdet", det vill säga Luleå, Boden, Piteå och Älvsbyn. Vidare intervjuades ett antal nyligen utexaminerade yrkesverksamma lärare samt ett antal officerare på väg att omskola sig till lärare. Slutsatserna av studien är att de gemensamt anser att läraryrket är ett viktigt yrke och för de allra flesta, särskilt bland gymnasiestudenterna, uttrycker att läraren är en viktig person under deras skoltid. De anser också att lönen är en viktig orsak till svårigheterna att rekrytera lärare, och att läraryrket har låg status i förhållande till andra yrken. Vidare är det en samstämmig uppfattning att medias rapportering av skolan är alltför negativ. Det svartmålas för mycket och positiva som trots allt finns får sällan utrymme.
8.	Jöud, Anna, et al. (författare) The association between pain characteristics, pain catastrophizing and health care use – Baseline results from the SWEPAIN cohort 2017 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Pain. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1877-8860 .- 1877-8879. ; 16, s. 122-128 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background and aim Pain is common and adds to the global burden of disease. However, individuals suffering from pain are a heterogeneous group in terms of pain spreading, intensity and duration. While pain influences overall health care consultation not everyone with pain consult health care. To be able to provide health care matching the patients’ needs increased knowledge about what factors determines the decision to consult health care is essential. The aim of this study was to explore the combined importance of pain spreading, intensity, duration and pain catastrophizing for consulting health care. Methods In this cross-sectional study we used population based survey data from southeast Sweden (SWEPAIN) including 7792 individuals’ aged 16–85 reporting pain. We used Modified Poisson regressions to analyse factors of importance related to the decision to consult health care. Results High and moderate pain intensity, as compared to low, increases the probability of consulting health care (High PR = 1.7 [95% CI 1.51–1.88], moderate PR = 1.2 [1.15–1.41]). Having widespread pain, as compared to localised pain, increased the probability of consulting health (PR = 1.2 [1.03–1.36). Pain duration was not associated with increased probability of consulting health care (PR = 1.0 CI0.88–1.07). However an interaction (p = 0.05) between pain duration and pain catastrophizing beliefs was seen indicating a combined importance of the two when consulting health care. Conclusion Our result suggests that pain intensity, pain spreading and pain catastrophizing independently influence the decision to consult health care while there is an interaction effect between pain duration and pain catastrophizing beliefs where the importance of pain catastrophizing believes differ with pain duration; the importance of pain catastrophizing believes differ with pain duration. Implications Treatment and rehabilitation strategies should incorporate this finding in order to meet the individual's needs focusing on the biopsychosocial model within health care focusing not only on actual pain reliefs but also on for example acceptance and behavioural changes.
9.	Malmgren, Linnea, et al. (författare) The complexity of kidney disease and diagnosing it - Cystatin C, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes and proteome regulation. 2023 Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 293:3, s. 293-308 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Estimation of kidney function is often part of daily clinical practice, mostly done by using the endogenous GFR-markers creatinine or cystatin C. A recommendation to use both markers in parallel in 2010 has resulted in new knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of kidney disorders by identification of a new set of kidney disorders, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. These syndromes, connected to strong increases in mortality and morbidity, are characterised by a selective reduction in the glomerular filtration of 5-30 kDa molecules, such as cystatin C, compared to the filtration of small molecules < 1kDa dominating the glomerular filtrate e.g., water, urea, creatinine. At least two types of such disorders, shrunken or elongated pore syndrome, are possible according to the pore model for glomerular filtration. Selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes are prevalent in investigated populations, and patients with these syndromes often display normal measured GFR or creatinine-based GFR-estimates. The syndromes are characterised by proteomic changes promoting the development of atherosclerosis, indicating antibodies and specific receptor-blocking substances as possible new treatment modalities. Presently, the KDIGO guidelines for diagnosing kidney disorders do not recommend cystatin C as a general marker of kidney function and will therefore not allow the identification of a considerable number of patients with selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. Furthermore, as cystatin C is uninfluenced by muscle mass, diet or variations in tubular secretion and cystatin C-based GFR-estimation equations do not require controversial race or sex terms, it is obvious that cystatin C should be a part of future KDIGO guidelines.
10.	Ruud, Johan, et al. (författare) Inflammation- and tumor-induced anorexia and weight loss require MyD88 in hematopoietic/myeloid cells but not in brain endothelial or neural cells. 2013 Ingår i: FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. - : Wiley. - 1530-6860 .- 0892-6638. ; 27:5, s. 1973-80 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Loss of appetite is a hallmark of inflammatory diseases. The underlying mechanisms remain undefined, but it is known that myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), an adaptor protein critical for Toll-like and IL-1 receptor family signaling, is involved. Here we addressed the question of determining in which cells the MyD88 signaling that results in anorexia development occurs by using chimeric mice and animals with cell-specific deletions. We found that MyD88-knockout mice, which are resistant to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anorexia, displayed anorexia when transplanted with wild-type bone marrow cells. Furthermore, mice with a targeted deletion of MyD88 in hematopoietic or myeloid cells were largely protected against LPS-induced anorexia and displayed attenuated weight loss, whereas mice with MyD88 deletion in hepatocytes or in neural cells or the cerebrovascular endothelium developed anorexia and weight loss of similar magnitude as wild-type mice. Furthermore, in a model for cancer-induced anorexia-cachexia, deletion of MyD88 in hematopoietic cells attenuated the anorexia and protected against body weight loss. These findings demonstrate that MyD88-dependent signaling within the brain is not required for eliciting inflammation-induced anorexia. Instead, we identify MyD88 signaling in hematopoietic/myeloid cells as a critical component for acute inflammatory-driven anorexia, as well as for chronic anorexia and weight loss associated with malignant disease.
11.	Ruud, Johan, et al. (författare) MyD88 in hematopoietic cells, but not in cerebrovascular endothelial cells or neural cells, is critical for inflammation- and cancer-induced loss of appetite Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Loss of appetite concomitant with reduced food intake is a hallmark of both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Yet, despite extensive investigations, the underlying mechanisms remain undefined. Here we addressed this issue using mice lacking MyD88, critical for Tolllike and IL-1 receptor family signaling, generally or in specific cell types. Ubiquitous null deletions conferred complete resistance to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced anorexia, but this resistance was lost when knock-out mice subjected to whole-body irradiation to delete hematopoietic cells were transplanted with wild-type bone-marrow. In line with this observation, mice lacking MyD88 in hematopoietic cells were largely protected against LPS-induced anorexia, whereas mice with abrogated MyD88 signaling in neural cells, being leaner and smaller, developed anorexia of similar magnitude as wild-type littermates. The effect of hematopoietic MyD88-deletion on feeding seemed however partially dissociated from the effect on body weight, since LPS triggered weight loss, although attenuated, in these mutants. Furthermore, MyD88 deficiency in the cerebrovascular endothelium affected neither LPS-induced anorexia nor weight loss. In a model for the cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome, inactivation of MyD88 in hematopoietic cells strongly impaired the anorexia development and protected against body weight loss. These findings identify hematopoietic cells as a critical nexus for acute inflammatory driven anorexia as well as for chronic anorexia associated with malignant disease.
12.	Thul, Peter J., et al. (författare) A subcellular map of the human proteome 2017 Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 356:6340 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Resolving the spatial distribution of the human proteome at a subcellular level can greatly increase our understanding of human biology and disease. Here we present a comprehensive image-based map of subcellular protein distribution, the Cell Atlas, built by integrating transcriptomics and antibody-based immunofluorescence microscopy with validation by mass spectrometry. Mapping the in situ localization of 12,003 human proteins at a single-cell level to 30 subcellular structures enabled the definition of the proteomes of 13 major organelles. Exploration of the proteomes revealed single-cell variations in abundance or spatial distribution and localization of about half of the proteins to multiple compartments. This subcellular map can be used to refine existing protein-protein interaction networks and provides an important resource to deconvolute the highly complex architecture of the human cell.
13.	Tonér, Signe, 1979-, et al. (författare) DN Debatt. ”Obligatoriskt språktest saknar vetenskapligt stöd” 2022 Ingår i: Dagens nyheter. - 1101-2447. Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Liberalernas förslag om obligatorisk språkbedömning av tvååringar som inte är inskrivna i förskolan saknar vetenskapligt stöd. I stället behövs fler utbildade förskollärare i utsatta områden och mer samarbete mellan föräldrar och samhällets instanser, skriver sju forskare.
14.	Adam, Lucille, et al. (författare) Early Resistance of Non-virulent Mycobacterial Infection in C57BL/6 Mice Is Associated With Rapid Up-Regulation of Antimicrobial Cathelicidin Camp 2018 Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 9 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Early clearance of tuberculosis is the successful eradication of inhaled bacteria before the development of an adaptive immune response. We previously showed, by utilizing a non-virulent mycobacteria infection model, that C57BL/6 mice are more efficient than BALB/c in their control of bacterial growth in the lungs during the first weeks of the infection. Here, we assessed early (within 1-3 days) innate immune events locally in the lungs to identify factors that may contribute to the control of non-virulent mycobacterial burden. We confirmed that C57BL/6 mice are more resistant to infection compared with BALB/c after intranasal inoculation with mycobacterium. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a remarkably silent signature in C57BL/6 mice despite effective control of bacterial growth. In contrast, BALB/c mice up-regulated genes associated with neutrophil and myeloid cell chemotaxis and migration. Flow cytometry analyses corroborated the transcriptomic analyses and demonstrated influx of both neutrophil and myeloid cell populations in BALB/c mice, while these did not increase in C57BL/6 mice. We further detected increased release of TNF-alpha from BALB/c lung cells but limited release from C57BL/6-derived cells. However, C57BL/6 mice showed a marked early up-regulation of the Camp gene, encoding the cathelicidin CRAMP peptide, post-mycobacterial exposure. CRAMP (LL-37 in human) expression in the lungs was confirmed using immunofluorescence staining. Altogether, these findings show that C57BL/6 mice can clear the mycobacterial infection early and that this early control is associated with high CRAMP expression in the lungs without concomitant influx of immune cells. The role of CRAMP/LL-37 during mycobacterial infection may be relevant for novel protective strategies, and warrants further studies of human cohorts.
15.	Adlerborn, J, et al. (författare) Particulate-reinforced ceramics densified by glass encapsulated HIP 1991 Ingår i: Hot isostatic pressing. - Materials Park, Ohio : ASM International. - 871704137 ; , s. 211-216 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
16.	Aevarsson, Arnthór, et al. (författare) Going to extremes - a metagenomic journey into the dark matter of life 2021 Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Letters. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1574-6968. ; 368:12 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract The Virus-X-Viral Metagenomics for Innovation Value-project was a scientific expedition to explore and exploit uncharted territory of genetic diversity in extreme natural environments such as geothermal hot springs and deep-sea ocean ecosystems. Specifically, the project was set to analyse and exploit viral metagenomes with the ultimate goal of developing new gene products with high innovation value for applications in biotechnology, pharmaceutical, medical, and the life science sectors. Viral gene pool analysis is also essential to obtain fundamental insight into ecosystem dynamics and to investigate how viruses influence the evolution of microbes and multicellular organisms. The Virus-X Consortium, established in 2016, included experts from eight European countries. The unique approach based on high throughput bioinformatics technologies combined with structural and functional studies resulted in the development of a biodiscovery pipeline of significant capacity and scale. The activities within the Virus-X consortium cover the entire range from bioprospecting and methods development in bioinformatics to protein production and characterisation, with the final goal of translating our results into new products for the bioeconomy. The significant impact the consortium made in all of these areas was possible due to the successful cooperation between expert teams that worked together to solve a complex scientific problem using state-of-the-art technologies as well as developing novel tools to explore the virosphere, widely considered as the last great frontier of life.
17.	Albinsson, Malin, 1972-, et al. (författare) Kartläggning av särskilt stöd och tidiga insatser : Fallstudier av internationella utbildningssystem 2016 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
18.	Andersson, Jens, 1975-, et al. (författare) Biomolecules and conjugated polyelectrolytes in patterning 2006 Ingår i: NaPa spring meeting 06 Köpenhamn,2006. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
19.	Arneborg, Lars, 1969, et al. (författare) Persistent inflow of warm water onto the central Amundsen Shelf 2012 Ingår i: Nature Geoscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 5:12, s. 876-880 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The West Antarctic Ice Sheet contains enough ice to raise global sea level by several metres and, because it is grounded mainly below sea level, it is sensitive to ocean warming 1 . Accelerated thinning of glaciers that discharge into the Amundsen Sea over the past decades 2–4 has been proposed to be related to the presence of warmer waters beneath the ice shelves 4–6 . Three deep troughs crosscut the continental shelf of the Amundsen Sea, forming passages through which warm ocean waters can access the ice shelves, but oceanographic data has been limited. Here we present direct measurements from an ocean mooring and ship transect of the temperatures, salinities and velocities from one of these troughs in the central Amundsen Sea during the year 2010. The data show persistent inflow towards the ice shelf of relatively warm and salty water at the bottom of the trough throughout the year, and outflow of colder water above. Superposed on this background flow are barotropic current fluctuations that do not contribute significantly to the overall transport. In contrast to numerical models 7,8 , which show seasonal inflow changes in response to regional winds, we find that warm water is supplied to the Central Amundsen Shelf without strong seasonal variability.
20.	Arvidsson, Inger, et al. (författare) A follow-up study of burnout among Swedish school teachers 2017 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
21.	Arvidsson, Inger, et al. (författare) Betydelsen av fysiska och psykosociala riskfaktorer för sjukdom/besvär i muskler och leder - En uppföljningsstudie av kvinnor inom vård och skola 2015 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Vi har upprättat en kohort med 1591 kvinnor från fem vanliga yrken: Operationssköterskor (Op), anestesisköterskor (Ane), undersköterskor på operation (Usk), biomedicinska analytiker som gör ultraljudsundersökningar (BMA) samt lärarinnor (Lär). Enkät har skickats ut vid baseline och i genomsnitt ca 28 månader därefter. Data från uppföljningen är inte analyserade ännu, varför rapporten enbart omfattar resultat från baseline. Fallen definierades baserat på kombinationen av frekvens och intensitet av rapporterade besvär. Samband mellan smärttillstånd och arbetsbelastning, individ- och livsstilsfaktorer analyserades med multivariat analys, backward proceedure. Samband påvisades för nacken med högt mekaniskt index, lågt fysiskt index, missnöje med datorarbetsplatsens utformning, höga krav, låg kontroll, höga känslomässiga krav, låga sensoriska krav samt låg ålder. axlarna med högt mekaniskt index, missnöjd med datorarbetsplatsens utformning, krav och lite egen tid för återhämtning. handleder/händer med högt mekaniskt index, höga krav, låg kontroll, hög ålder, högt BMI och inga/få hemmavarande barn. ländryggen med högt mekaniskt index, höga krav, låg kontroll, låga sensoriska krav, hög ålder, högt BMI och lite egen tid för återhämtning. fötterna med högt BMI, högt fysiskt index, hög ålder, höga krav, inga eller få hemmavarande barn samt låg kontroll. De ergonomiska problem som framkommit vid intervjuerna av operationspersonal har presenterats för studenter på Lunds tekniska högskola. Ett särskilt problem avsåg de statiska, obekväma och ansträngande arbetsställningarna som uppkom då operationssjuksköterskorna assisterade under operationer. Med hjälp av en operationhake höll de isär såret under operationen. Haken har ett grepp som tvingar Op till ett böjt och icke funktionellt handgrepp. Studenterna tog fram prototyp för en hållare till haken, som ger möjlighet till en mer ergonomisk handledsställning, samt att byta hand vid behov under operationen. Hållaren till haken utvärderas f n på två operationsavdelningar.
22.	Arvidsson, Inger, et al. (författare) Burnout among school teachers : quantitative and qualitative results from a follow-up study in southern Sweden 2019 Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 19 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Teachers are at high risk of stress-related disorders. This longitudinal study aimed to (a) identify which occupational, sociodemographic and life-style factors and self-efficacy at baseline that were of importance for burnout, (b) explore associations between changes in the studied factors versus changes in burnout, and (c) by interviews increase the understanding of perceived job demands among teachers.Methods: A cohort of 310 Swedish teachers in school-years 4–9 responded to a questionnaire of occupational, sociodemographic and life-style factors, self-efficacy and burnout, at baseline and at follow-up (mean 30 months later). A combined measure with four levels of burnout was crafted, based on exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy (Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey). Quantitative data were analysed with multiple ordinal regression, and qualitative data were analysed with content analysis of interview responses from a subgroup of the teachers (n = 81).Results: The occurrence of high burnout (level 2 and 3 combined) were similar at baseline and follow-up (14% vs. 15%). However, many teachers fluctuated between the levels of burnout (28% increased and 24% decreased). Burnout at baseline was of importance for change of work or being off duty at follow up. In the multi-exposure model, low self-efficacy [OR 0.42; CI 0.26–0.68] and high job demands [OR 1.97; CI 1.02–3.8] were the strongest explanatory variables. Low self-efficacy remained as the strongest explanatory factor after adjustment for burnout at baseline. Increased job demands during follow-up was associated with an increased level of burnout [OR 3.41; CI 1.73–6.69], whereas increased decision latitude was associated with a decreased level of burnout [OR 0.51; CI 0.30–0.87]. Two major categories of demands emerged in the qualitative analysis; i.e. too high workload and a sense of inadequacy.Conclusions: A substantial proportion of teachers showed signs of burnout at both occasions. Low self-efficacy and high job demands was of importance for burnout, and changes in burnout was further associated with changes in decision latitude. The results points to the need of actions on individual, organizational and a societal levels.
23.	Arvidsson, Inger, et al. (författare) Cross-sectional associations between occupational factors and musculoskeletal pain in women teachers, nurses and sonographers. 2016 Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 17:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract It is usually assumed that musculoskeletal pain is associated with both the physical workload and the psychosocial work environment, as well as with personal and lifestyle factors. This study aims to ascertain the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in women with varying or different occupational exposures, and to explore the associations between musculoskeletal pain and the occupational and personal factors.
24.	Auditing Innovation Capability in the new Innovation Landscape Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)
25.	Augustsson, Pia, 1967, et al. (författare) Implementation of care managers for patients with depression: A cross-sectional study in Swedish primary care 2020 Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 10:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objectives To perform an analysis of collaborative care with a care manager implementation in a primary healthcare setting. The study has a twofold aim: (1) to examine clinicians' and directors' perceptions of implementing collaborative care with a care manager for patients with depression at the primary care centre (PCC), and (2) to identify barriers and facilitators that influenced this implementation. Design A cross-sectional study was performed in 2016-2017 in parallel with a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Setting 36 PCCs in south-west Sweden. Participants PCCs' directors and clinicians. Outcome Data regarding the study's aims were collected by two web-based questionnaires (directors, clinicians). Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis were used for analysis. Results Among the 36 PCCs, 461 (59%) clinicians and 36 (100%) directors participated. Fifty-two per cent of clinicians could cooperate with the care manager without problems. Forty per cent regarded to their knowledge of the care manager assignment as insufficient. Around two-thirds perceived that collaborating with the care manager was part of their duty as PCC staff. Almost 90% of the PCCs' directors considered that the assignment of the care manager was clearly designed, around 70% considered the priority of the implementation to be high and around 90% were positive to the implementation. Facilitators consisted of support from colleagues and directors, cooperative skills and positive attitudes. Barriers were high workload, shortage of staff and extensive requirements and demands from healthcare management. Conclusions Our study confirms that the care manager puts collaborative care into practice. Facilitators and barriers of the implementation, such as time, information, soft values and attitudes, financial structure need to be considered when implementing care managers at PCCs. © © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
26.	Axberg Pålsson, Sandra, et al. (författare) Single-Stranded Oligonucleotide-Mediated Inhibition of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection 2020 Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 11 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in young children. Currently, there is no RSV vaccine or universally accessible antiviral treatment available. Addressing the urgent need for new antiviral agents, we have investigated the capacity of a non-coding single-stranded oligonucleotide (ssON) to inhibit RSV infection. By utilizing a GFP-expressing RSV, we demonstrate that the ssON significantly reduced the proportion of RSV infected A549 cells (lung epithelial cells). Furthermore, we show that ssON's antiviral activity was length dependent and that both RNA and DNA of this class of oligonucleotides have antiviral activity. We reveal that ssON inhibited RSV infection by competing with the virus for binding to the cellular receptor nucleolin in vitro. Additionally, using a recombinant RSV that expresses luciferase we show that ssON effectively blocked RSV infection in mice. Treatment with ssON in vivo resulted in the upregulation of RSV-induced interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) such as Stat1, Stat2, Cxcl10, and Ccl2. This study highlights the possibility of using oligonucleotides as therapeutic agents against RSV infection. We demonstrate that the mechanism of action of ssON is the inhibition of viral entry in vitro, likely through the binding of the receptor, nucleolin and that ssON treatment against RSV infection in vivo additionally results in the upregulation of ISGs.
27.	Ballin, Marcel, et al. (författare) Digital exercise interventions for improving measures of central obesity : a systematic review 2020 Ingår i: International Journal of Public Health. - : Springer Nature. - 1661-8556 .- 1661-8564. ; 65:5, s. 593-605 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Objectives: We aimed to systematically review the potential benefits of digital exercise interventions for improving measures of central obesity including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and anthropometric surrogates for VAT in overweight or centrally obese adults aged 18 or over.Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in three databases up until March 2020 (PROSPERO registration nr CRD42019126764).Results: N = 5 studies including 438 participants (age 48–80) with body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 met the eligibility criteria and were included. The duration of the interventions ranged from 8 to 24 weeks. No study measured the primary outcome VAT, although in N = 4 studies, waist circumference (WC) decreased by between 1.3 and 5.6 cm in the intervention groups.Conclusions: This systematic review shows that there is no evidence for the effects of digital exercise on VAT, although digital exercise may decrease WC. These findings highlight the need for additional randomized controlled trials to confirm the findings with respect to WC, and to further investigate the effects of digital exercise on VAT. Together, this may have important implications for reducing the burden of physical inactivity and obesity.
28.	Ballin, Marcel, et al. (författare) Web-based exercise versus supervised exercise for decreasing visceral adipose tissue in older adults with central obesity : a randomized controlled trial 2020 Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2318. ; 20:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease and increases with age. While supervised exercise (SE) may be an effective approach, web-based exercise (WE) have other advantages such as being more readily accessible. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of WE on VAT, body composition and cardiometabolic risk markers in centrally obese older adults and compared the effects of WE to SE. We also explored the feasibility of WE.METHODS: In a randomized controlled trial conducted in Umeå, Sweden during January 2018 - November 2018, N = 77, 70-year-old men and women with central obesity (> 1 kg VAT for women, > 2 kg for men) were randomized to an intervention group (n = 38) and a wait-list control group (n = 39). The intervention group received 10 weeks of SE while the wait-list control group lived as usual. Following a 10-week wash-out-period, the wait-list control group received 10 weeks of WE. The primary outcome was changes in VAT. Secondary outcomes included changes in fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM), blood lipids, fasting blood glucose. Additionally, we explored the feasibility of WE defined as adherence and participant experiences.RESULTS: WE had no significant effect on VAT (P = 0.5), although it decreased FM by 450 g (95% confidence interval [CI], 37 to 836, P < 0.05). The adherence to WE was 85% and 87-97% of the participants rated aspects of the WE intervention > 4 on a scale of 1-5. Comparing SE to WE, there was no significant difference in decrease of VAT (Cohen's δ effect size [ES], 0.5, 95% CI, - 24 to 223, P = 0.11), although SE decreased FM by 619 g (ES, 0.5, 95% CI, 22 to 1215, P < 0.05) compared to WE.CONCLUSIONS: Ten weeks of vigorous WE is insufficient to decrease VAT in centrally obese older adults, but sufficient to decrease FM while preserving LBM. The high adherence and positive experiences of the WE intervention implies that it could serve as an alternative exercise strategy for older adults with central obesity, with increased availability for a larger population.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03450655), retrospectively registered February 28, 2018.
29.	Barlind, Anna, 1978, et al. (författare) Decreased cytogenesis in the granule cell layer of the hippocampus and impaired place learning after irradiation of the young mouse brain evaluated using the IntelliCage platform. 2010 Ingår i: Experimental brain research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1106 .- 0014-4819. ; 201:4, s. 781-787 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Radiation therapy is used to treat malignant tumors in the brain and central nervous system involvement of leukemia and lymphomas in children. However, ionizing radiation causes a number of adverse long-term side effects in the brain, including cognitive impairment. Hippocampal neurogenesis is important for place learning and has been shown to be decreased by irradiation (IR) in rats and mice. In the present study, 10-day-old male mice received 6-Gy IR to the brain on postnatal day 10. We used BrdU labeling of the granule cell layer (GCL) of the hippocampus to evaluate cell proliferation and survival. An unbiased, automated platform for monitoring of behavior in a group housing environment (IntelliCage) was used to evaluate place learning 2 months after IR. We show that cranial IR impaired place learning and reduced BrdU labeling by 50% in the GCL. Cranial IR also reduced whole body weight gain 5%. We conclude that this experimental paradigm provides a novel and time-saving model to detect differences in place learning in mice subjected to IR. This method of detecting behavioral differences can be used for further studies of adverse effects of IR on hippocampal neurogenesis and possible new strategies to ameliorate the negative effects of IR on cognition.
30.	Barlind, Anna, 1978, et al. (författare) The growth hormone secretagogue hexarelin increases cell proliferation in neurogenic regions of the mouse hippocampus. 2010 Ingår i: Growth hormone & IGF research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-2238 .- 1096-6374. ; 20:1, s. 49-54 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVE: Radiation therapy (RT) to the brain is often used in the treatment of children with different types of malignant diseases affecting the brain. However, RT in childhood may also have severe side effects including impaired brain maturation and intellectual development. For childhood cancer survivors these adverse effects of RT can cause lifelong disability and suffering. Therefore, there is an unmet need to limit late effects after RT. Precursor cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus are particularly sensitive to irradiation (IR). This may be of significance as newly generated neurons in the DG are important for memory and learning. GH secretagogues (GHS) have previously been shown to promote neurogenesis and to have neuroprotective effects. In addition, several parts of the brain, including the hippocampus, have been shown to express the GHS receptor 1a (GHS-R1a). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of the GHS hexarelin on proliferation and survival of progenitor cells in the hippocampus after brain IR in a mouse model. DESIGN: In the present study, 10-day-old male mice received 6Gy cranial IR. Non-irradiated sham animals were used as controls. We treated one group of irradiated and one sham group with hexarelin (100mug/kg/day) for 28days and used immunohistochemical labeling of bromo-deoxy uridine (BrdU) and phospho-histone H3 of the granular cell layer of the DG to evaluate proliferation and cell survival after IR at postnatal day ten. RESULTS: Our results show that hexarelin significantly increased the number of BrdU-positive cells in the granule cell layer by approximately 50% compared to controls. CONCLUSION: The increased number of BrdU-positive cells in the granule cell layer suggests a partial restoration in the pool of proliferating cells by hexarelin after IR.
31.	Belin, Andrea Carmine, et al. (författare) Association study of two genetic variants in mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. 2007 Ingår i: Neuroscience letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940. ; 420:3, s. 257-62 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Mitochondrial (mt) dysfunction has been implicated in Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is needed for mtDNA maintenance, regulating mtDNA copy number and is absolutely required for transcriptional initiation at mtDNA promoters. Two genetic variants in TFAM have been reported to be associated with AD in a Caucasian case-control material collected from Germany, Switzerland and Italy. One of these variants was reported to show a tendency for association with AD in a pooled Scottish and Swedish case-control material and the other variant was reported to be associated with AD in a recent meta-analysis. We investigated these two genetic variants, rs1937 and rs2306604, in an AD and a PD case-control material, both from Sweden and found significant genotypic as well as allelic association to marker rs2306604 in the AD case-control material (P=0.05 and P=0.03, respectively), where the A-allele appears to increase risk for developing AD. No association was observed for marker rs1937. We did not find any association in the PD case-control material for either of the two markers. The distribution of the two-locus haplotype frequencies (based on rs1937 and rs2306604) did not differ significantly between affected individuals and controls in the two sample sets. However, the global P-value for haplotypic association testing indicated borderline association in the AD sample set. Our data suggests that the rs2306604 A-allele could be a moderate risk factor for AD, which is supported by the recent meta-analysis.
32.	Berggren, Linda, et al. (författare) Nordic children's conceptualizations of healthy eating in relation to school lunch 2017 Ingår i: Health Education. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0965-4283 .- 1758-714X. ; 117:2, s. 130-147 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: Pupils' perspective should be better taken into account when developing nutrition education at school. The purpose of this paper is to explore Nordic children's perspectives on the healthiness of meals in the context of school lunches.Design/methodology/approach: In total, 78 focus group discussions were conducted with 10-11-year-old girls and boys (n=457) from schools in Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, which were participating in the Nordic school meal project ProMeal during the school year 2013-2014. A flexible discussion guide and stimulus material in the form of 14 photographs displaying different school lunch contexts were used. The discussions were analyzed using thematic analysis.Findings: These Nordic children seem to share the adult-set aim of healthy eating in the school context as a socio-cultural norm. Although healthy eating was constructed as a rational, normative and acceptable way to eat at school, unhealthy eating was emphasized as negotiably acceptable when eaten occasionally and under certain circumstances (e.g. at special occasions). Unhealthy eating also comprised emotionally laden descriptions such as enjoyment and disgust. Practical implications: Children's conceptualizations of healthy eating are connected to nutritional, socio-cultural, emotional and normative dimensions, which should be reflected also when developing nutrition education in school.Originality/value: The need for research exploring children's experiences of, and understandings about, school lunch motivated this unique multicenter study with a large number of participating children. In the focus groups a child-oriented, photo-elicitation method was used.
33.	Berggren, Linda, et al. (författare) Perspectives about health outcomes related to food among Nordic children 2016 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Perspectives about health outcomes related to food among Nordic childrenLinda Berggren* 1, Sanna Talvia2, Eldbjørg Fossgard3, Unnur Björk Arnfjörð4, Agneta Hörnell 1, Anna Ólafsdóttir 4,Ingibjörg Gunnarsdóttir 5, Hege Wergedahl 3, Hanna Lagström 6, Maria Waling1, Cecilia Olsson11Umeå University, Department of food and nutrition, Umeå, Sweden, 2Child and Youth Research institute, Turku, Finland,3Faculty of Education, Bergen University College, Bergren, Norway, 4School of Education, University of Iceland, 5TheNational University Hospital of Iceland , Unit for Nutrition Research, Reykjavik, Iceland, 6University of Turku, TurkuInstitute of Child and Youth Research, Turku, FinlandPreferred presentation type: Only PosterBackground and aims: Dietary intake in school has previously been studied but little is known about Nordic children’sperspectives on food healthiness in the school lunch context. This study aims to explore 10-year-old Nordic children’sperspectives on outcomes of healthy eating in the school lunch context.Methods: Seventy-two focus groups were conducted in Sweden, Finland, Norway and Iceland with a total of 423participants. A flexible topic guide and 14 preselected photos displaying different school lunch contexts were used asstimuli material. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: Children reasoned that school lunch are and should be healthy since the food eaten at school has short andlong term outcomes related to cognitive and physical health. It was commonly expressed that food eaten in school affectsschool work and functioning in learning activities. It was also stated that food eaten in school can have negative andpositive effects on your mood, e.g. eating unhealthy food or an insufficient amount of food, puts you in a bad mood whichcan affect the rest of the school day. The discussions mainly relied on negative short term effects such as feeling ill andreduced stamina. Some food and food groups such as vegetables, milk and fish, were mentioned in a more positivesense highlighting the positive short- and long term outcomes on health. When describing the long-term outcomes ofeating, children mentioned that healthy eating helps to build muscles, grow and prevent diseases, such as cancer anddiabetes. Sugar and fat was frequently mentioned as being the cause of overweight and some other diseases.Conclusion: In general, Nordic children have an adequate understanding of established relations between food andhealth. Yet, we know that many pupils do not eat according to recommendations. This highlights the importance of takingthe complexity of food choice into consideration in nutritional education.Disclosure of Interest: None to declare
34.	Björk, Anne (författare) Aspects of Vitamin D : Prevalence of deficiency and impact on musculoskeletal parameters 2017 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Vitamin D is central in calcium turnover, and adequate levels are important for skeletal health. It is not clear how large contributions from food and sunlight are in Swedish primary care patients, considering the low radiation of UVB in Sweden and fortification of some foods, and whether differences exist between patients of immigrant and Swedish origin. Increasing incidence of osteoporosis-related fractures is a major global health problem. Genetic variations in metabolising enzymes and in the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) have also been shown to be of importance to the overall effect of vitamin D. Polymorphic variation in the gene CYP2R1 encoding the 25-hydroxylase has previously been reported to correlate with circulating levels of 25(OH)D3. Results of association studies between genetic variants of the VDR and muscle strength, as well as falls have been contradictory.The purposes of this thesis were to examine possible differences in plasma-25(OH)D3 levels and intake of vitamin D between Swedish and immigrant female primary care patients, to estimate what foods contribute the most, and to identify contributors to vitamin D status (Paper I-II). Furthermore, the relationship between polymorphisms in the CYP2R1 gene and levels of 25(OH)D3 as well as other biochemical parameters (parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate and fibroblast growth factor 23) of skeletal homeostasis, bone mineral density and incidence of fractures was investigated (Paper III). Also, the association between genetic variations in the gene for the vitamin D receptor and measures of muscle strength, physical performance and falls (Paper IV), was investigated by using data from a Swedish multicenter study of elderly men (MrOS).Most important results: Vitamin D deficiency was common, with significant difference between Swedish born and immigrant patients (Paper I). Food intake of vitamin D is associated with circulating vitamin D, but the factors most strongly affecting vitamin D levels were reported sun holiday and origin (Paper II). CYP2R1 polymorphisms are associated with circulating levels of 25(OH)D3 and bone mineral density (Paper III). VDR genetic variants do not appear to have a direct effect on muscle strength or physical performance and incidence of falls in elderly Swedish men (Paper IV).
35.	Björk, Anna Bell, et al. (författare) Evolving techniques in text-based medical consultation : Physicians' long-term experiences at an Ask the doctor service 2017 Ingår i: International Journal of Medical Informatics. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 1386-5056 .- 1872-8243. ; 105, s. 83-88 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction: Both the demands and the options for patients to communicate with health care providers utilizing eHealth solutions are increasing. Some patients, or relatives to patients, want to consult another health care provider than the regular one, merely in text.Objective: To improve text-based medical consultation by learning from long-term experiences.Materials and methods: Physicians with comprehensive experience of answering free-text medical inquiries at an official health portal in Sweden were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using a grounded theory approach.Results: Over time, the interviewed physicians developed strategies on how to formulate the answer to a medical inquiry from a previously unknown inquirer. The answering physicians experienced their primary role as providers of medical information and as mediators between an inquirer and the regular health care provider. Many of the answering physicians experienced a personal development with improved communication skills, also in face-to-face meetings with patients.Conclusion: Text-based medical consultation is part of an expanding area in eHealth. The development of strategies, guidelines, ethical considerations as well as educational efforts are needed to optimize the skills of asynchronous text-based health consultation.
36.	Björk, Anna-Bell, et al. (författare) Women's Experiences of Internet-Based or Postal Treatment for Stress Urinary Incontinence 2014 Ingår i: Qualitative Health Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1049-7323 .- 1552-7557. ; 24:4, s. 484-493 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Stress urinary incontinence is common and sometimes embarrassing. New, simple, and easily accessible treatments are needed. We telephone interviewed 21 women who participated in a randomized controlled study comparing two treatment programs based on instructions for pelvic floor muscle training. One program was Internet-based and included email support by a urotherapist; the other was sent by post. There was no face-to-face contact in either program. Our main aim was to explore the women's experiences of the Internet-based treatment. Grounded theory analysis revealed three categories: hidden but present, at a distance but close, and by myself but not alone. These were incorporated in a core category: acknowledged but not exposed. The leakage was often a well-hidden secret, but the study treatments lowered the barrier for seeking care. In the Internet group, a supportive patient-provider relationship developed despite the lack of face-to-face contact. Internet-based treatment programs can increase access to care and empower women.
37.	Björk, Anna (författare) Congenital Heart Disease, Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 2020 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Worldwide, 1% of all live born children are born with a congenital heart disease (CHD) and currently >95% reach adulthood due to better diagnostics and medical care. At the same time, Diabetes Mellitus (DM), type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM), is increasing worldwide. The incidence of the endocrine disease T2DM, which makes up more than 90% of all diabetes increases in particular and is part of the metabolic syndrome. T2DM is due to a decrease in insulin sensitivity and insulin production depending on genetic factors as well as obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. T1DM is an autoimmune disease that can develop due to i.e. genetic factors, exposure to infections and stress-strain leading to an autoimmune response. The incidence of T1DM in patients with CHD is unknown and the incidence of T2DM in patients with CHD is previously not extensively studied. Also, the effect of T1DM and T2DM in the CHD population on mortality is unknown. The aim of this thesis was to in large reliable registers and cohorts investigate the prevalence and incidence of T1DM and T2DM in a CHD population, and how this influences the mortality and morbidity in patients with CHD and T1DM and T2DM. Paper I, a retrospective comparative cohort study, investigated the risk of concurrent CHD in patients with T2DM, regarding T2DM onset, mortality and morbidity compared with patients with T2DM without CHD. The study combined data from the National Diabetes Register (NDR), National Patient Register (NPR) and the Cause of Death Register (CDR). Out of patients with T2DM, 833 patients with CHD were matched with 5 controls without CHD, matched by sex, year of birth and year of entry in to the NDR. CHD patients had significantly lower body mass index (BMI), higher creatinine and were more sedentary as compared to patients with T2DM but without CHD. The overall mortality was 26.2% for CHD patients as compared with 19.9% (P<0.001) for the control group, and five-year mortality rates were 5.2% for patients with CHD and T2DM com- pared to 3.4% (P=0.014) in the controls. In conclusion, CHD and secondary risk factors for cardiovascular disease frequently coexist and the development of T2DM in the adult CHD population is not uncommon with an estimated prevalence of between 4 and 8%. Treatment of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with CHD could be considered important given the relatively high morbidity and high risk for mortality observed in patients with the com- bination of CHD and T2DM. Paper II, a retrospective comparative cohort study investigated the risk of concurrent CHD in patients with T1DM, regarding T1DM onset, mortality and morbidity compared to patients with T1DM without CHD. The study combined data from the National Diabetes Register (NDR), National Patient Register (NPR) and the Cause of Death Register (CDR). Out of patients with T1DM, a total of 104 patients with CHD were matched with 520 controls without CHD, matched by sex, year of birth and year of entry in to the NDR. Patients with CHD and T1DM had an earlier onset of diabetes (13.9 vs. 17.4 years, P<0.001), longer duration of T1DM (22.4 vs. 18.1 years, P<0.001), higher prevalence of retinopathy (64.0 vs. 43.0%, P=0.003), higher creatinine levels (83.5 vs. 74.1 μmol/L, P=0.03) and higher mortality (16 vs. 5%, P=0.002). Patients with CHD and T1DM had a higher rate of co-morbidities, expressed as a higher number of hospitalizations per patient (5.28 vs 3.18 P=0.007) with a discharge diagnosis of CHD, IHD, heart failure (9% vs. 2%, P=0.02), atrial fibrillation, stroke (6% vs. 2%, P=0.048), PCI, CABG, or renal failure, after onset of T1DM compared with controls. In conclusion, from a nationwide register of patients with T1DM, the coexistence of CHD and T1DM was associated with an earlier onset of T1DM, a higher frequency of microvascular complications, co-morbidity, and mortality. In paper III, a retrospective comparative cohort study performed by combining registers (NPR and CDR), the incidence of T1DM and the mortality was analyzed in patients with CHD by birth cohort (1970-1993, 1970-1984 and 1984- 1993). Patients with CHD were matched with population-based controls matched for sex and year of birth without CHD and followed from birth until a maximum of 42 years. Among 21,982 patients with CHD, 221 patients developed T1DM and among 219,816 matched controls 1,553 patients developed T1DM . The hazard ratio (HR) for developing T1DM was 1.50 (95%, CI 1.31-1.73) in patients with CHD compared to the controls. The first birth cohort (1970-1984) had the highest risk for developing T1DM, HR 1.87 (95%, CI 1.56-2.24). After T1DM onset, the mortality risk was 4.21 times higher (95%, CI 2.40-7.37) in patients with CHD and T1DM compared to controls with T1DM without CHD. In conclusion, a nationwide cohort of patients with CHD and controls, the incidence of T1DM onset was 50% higher in patients with CHD, indicating a significant increase in risk among birth cohort 1970-1984. A four-fold increase in mortality among patients with CHD and T1DM was seen compared to controls with only T1DM. In paper IV, a retrospective comparative cohort study combining registers (NPR and CDR) analyzed the incidence of DM and the mortality in patients above 35 years of age with CHD. The CHD population was compared with population-based controls matched for sex and year of birth without CHD, divided by birth cohort, CHD lesion cohort and gender cohort, and followed from birth until a maximum of 87 years of age. Out of patients with CHD who survived until at least 35 years of age without developing DM, 8,4 % had an onset of DM after 35 years of age com- pared to 5.6% of the matched controls. The risk for developing DM was significant increased in patients with CHD compared to the controls and the second birth cohort (1960-1983) had the highest risk for DM. The risk of DM increased with complexity of CHD. After DM onset, mortality was significantly higher in patients with CHD and DM compared to controls with DM without CHD. From a nationwide cohort of patients with CHD and controls, the incidence of developing DM was significant higher in patients with CHD, showing a significant increase in risk also divided by birth cohort and by CHD lesion. The combination of CHD and DM was associated with a significantly increased mortality compared to controls without CHD. In conclusion, this thesis show that the CHD population do have a higher risk of T1DM and T2DM compared with the general population. Whether this is due to environmental risk factors or due to genetics needs to be further studied. Patients with CHD also have a higher mortality and morbidity after onset of DM compared with controls without CHD indicating that the combination of CHD and DM are more lethal than each diagnosis on its own. These findings are of great importance in future preventive and medical care for patients with CHD.
38.	Björk, Anna, et al. (författare) Evaluation of a new set of image quality criteria for mammography 2004 Ingår i: Second Malmö Conference on Medical X-ray Imaging: Optimisation Strategies in Medical X-ray Imaging, Malmö, Sweden, 23-25 April 2004. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
39.	Björk, Anna, et al. (författare) High prevalence of neurodevelopmental problems in adolescents eligible for bariatric surgery for severe obesity 2021 Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 110:5, s. 1534-1540 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aim: To assess the prevalence of neurodevelopmental problems in adolescents with severe obesity and their associations with binge eating and depression. Methods: Data were collected at inclusion in a randomised study of bariatric surgery in 48 adolescents (73% girls; mean age 15.7 ± 1.0 years; mean body mass index 42.6 ± 5.2 kg/m2). Parents completed questionnaires assessing their adolescents’ symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder and reported earlier diagnoses. Patients answered self-report questionnaires on binge eating and depressive symptoms. Results: The parents of 26/48 adolescents (54%) reported scores above cut-off for symptoms of the targeted disorders in their adolescents, but only 15% reported a diagnosis, 32% of adolescents reported binge eating, and 20% reported symptoms of clinical depression. No significant associations were found between neurodevelopmental problems and binge eating or depressive symptoms. Only a third of the adolescents reported no problems in either area. Conclusion: Two thirds of adolescents seeking surgical weight loss presented with substantial mental health problems (reported by themselves or their parents). This illustrates the importance of a multi-professional approach and the need to screen for and treat mental health disorders in adolescents with obesity.
40.	Björk, Anna, et al. (författare) Incidence of diabetes mellitus and effect on mortality in adults with congenital heart disease 2024 Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 401 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Worldwide, 1-2% of children are born with congenital heart disease (CHD) with 97% reaching adulthood. Objectives: This study aims to demonstrate the risk of diabetes in patients with CHD, and the influence of incident diabetes on mortality in CHD patients and controls. Methods: By combining data from patient registries, the incidence of adult -onset diabetes registered at age 35 or older, and subsequent mortality risk were analysed in two successive birth cohorts (born in 1930-1959 and 1960-1983), by type of CHD lesion and sex, compared with population -based controls matched for sex and year of birth and followed until a maximum of 87 years of age. Results: Out of 24,699 patients with CHD and 270,961 controls, 8.4% and 5.6%, respectively, were registered with a diagnosis of diabetes at the age of 35 or older, hazard ratio (HR) 1.47 (95% CI 1.40-1.54). The risk of diabetes was higher in the second birth cohort (HR of 1.74, 95% CI 1.54-1.95) and increased with complexity of CHD. After onset of DM, the total mortality among patients with CHD was 475 compared to 411/ 10,000 personyears among controls (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07-1.25). Conclusions: In this nationwide cohort of patients with CHD and controls, the incidence of diabetes was almost 50% higher in patients with CHD, with higher risk in the most recent birth cohort and in those with conotruncal defects, with the combination of CHD and diabetes associated with a significantly increased mortality compared to diabetic controls.
41.	Björk, Anna, et al. (författare) Incidence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus and effect on mortality in young patients with congenital heart defect – A nationwide cohort study 2020 Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273. ; 310, s. 58-63 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: 1% of all live born children are born with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and currently 95% reach adulthood. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease that can develop due to i.e. heredity, exposure to infections and stress-strain. The incidence of T1DM in patients with CHD is unknown and we analysed the risk of developing T1DM for patients with CHD, and how this influences mortality. Methods: By combining registries, the incidence of T1DM and the mortality was analysed in patients with CHD by birth cohort (1970–1993, 1970–1984 and 1984–1993) matched with population-based controls matched for sex, county and year of birth without CHD and followed from birth until a maximum of 42 years. Results: 221 patients with T1DM among 21,982 patients with CHD and 1553 patients with T1DM among 219,816 matched controls were identified. The hazard ratio (HR) for developing T1DM was 1.50 (95%, CI 1.31–1.73) in patients with CHD compared to the controls and the first birth cohort (1970–1984) had the highest risk for T1DM, HR 1.87 (95%, CI 1.56–2.24). After onset, mortality risk was 4.21 times higher (95%, CI 2.40–7.37) in patients with CHD and T1DM compared to controls with T1DM. Conclusion: From a nationwide cohort of patients with CHD and controls, the incidence of developing T1DM was 50% higher in patients with CHD, showing a significant increase in risk among birth cohort 1970–1984. The combination of CHD and T1DM was associated with a 4-fold increase in mortality compared to controls with only T1DM. © 2020
42.	Björk, Anders, et al. (författare) PI-Nordic - A strategic research and innovation agenda for process intensification and innovation in process industries 2015 Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract A continued and sustainable growth in the Process Industry sector remains essential for Sweden’s economy. The strategic research agenda PI-Nordic describes a vison and way forward for the development and implementation of Process Intensification (PI) as an essential element for promoting this development. The agenda covers the chemical, water, forest, food, drug and mining industries, the equipment manufacturers and suppliers, the build-up of knowledge and expertise in academia and research institutes, and the essential role of funding bodies.
43.	Björk, Anna, et al. (författare) Symptoms of Neurodevelopmental Problems in Adolescents With Severe Obesity (AMOS II) 2019 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
44.	Björk, Anna, et al. (författare) Type 1 diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors in patients with or without CHD: a case-control study 2017 Ingår i: Cardiology in the Young. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1047-9511 .- 1467-1107. ; 27:9, s. 1670-1677 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Approximately 1% of children are born with CHD, and 90-95% reach adulthood. Increased exposure to infections and stress-strain can contribute to an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus. CHD may increase the risk of more serious infections, stress-strain, and increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: We analysed the onset of and the risk of mortality and morbidity associated with concurrent CHD in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus without CHD. The study combined data from the National Diabetes Register and the National Patient Register. Results: A total of 104 patients with CHD and type 1 diabetes mellitus were matched with 520 controls. Patients with CHD and type 1 diabetes mellitus had an earlier onset of diabetes (13.9 versus 17.4 years, p < 0.001), longer duration of diabetes (22.4 versus 18.1 years, p < 0.001), higher prevalence of retinopathy (64.0 versus 43.0%, p = 0.003), higher creatinine levels (83.5 versus 74.1 mu mol/L, p = 0.03), higher mortality (16 versus 5%, p = 0.002), and after onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus higher rates of co-morbidity (5.28 versus 3.18, p <= 0.01), heart failure (9 versus 2%, p = 0.02), and stroke (6 versus 2%, p = 0.048) compared with controls. Conclusions: From a nationwide register of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the coexistence of CHD and type 1 diabetes mellitus was associated with an earlier onset, a higher frequency of microvascular complications, co-morbidity, and mortality.
45.	Björk Brynjarsdottir, Helga, 1992, et al. (författare) Successful Management of Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Arthritis With Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs During Active Immune Checkpoint Inhibition Treatment. 2023 Ingår i: The Journal of rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 50:9, s. 1195-1197 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
46.	Björk Brämberg, Elisabeth, et al. (författare) Access to primary and specialized somatic health care for persons with severe mental illness: a qualitative study of perceived barriers and facilitators in Swedish health care 2018 Ingår i: BMC Family Practice. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2296. ; 19 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Persons with severe mental illness (e.g. schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) have a high prevalence of somatic conditions compared to the general population. Mortality data in the Nordic countries reveal that these persons die 15-20 years earlier than the general population. Some factors explaining this high prevalence may be related to the individuals in question; others arise from the health care system's difficulty in offering somatic health care to these patient groups. The aim of the present study was therefore to explore the experiences and views of patients, relatives and clinicians regarding individual and organizational factors which facilitate or hinder access to somatic health care for persons with severe mental illness. Methods: Flexible qualitative design. Data was collected by means of semi-structured individual interviews with patients with severe mental illness, relatives and clinicians representing primary and specialized health care. In all, 50 participants participated. Results: The main barrier to accessing somatic care is the gap between the organization of the health care system and the patients' individual health care needs. This is observed at both individual and organizational level. The health care system seems unable to support patients with severe mental illness and their psychiatric-somatic comorbidity. The main facilitators are the links between severe mental illness patients and medical departments. These links take the form of functions (i.e. systems which ensure that patients receive regular reminders), or persons (i.e. professional contacts who facilitate patients' access the health care). Conclusions: Health care services for patients with severe mental illness need reorganization. Organizational structures and systems that facilitate cooperation between different departments must be put in place, along with training for health care professionals about somatic disease among psychiatric patients. The links between individual and organizational levels could be strengthened by introducing professional contacts, such as liaison physicians and case managers. This is also important to reduce stress and responsibility among relatives.
47.	Björk, Göran, 1956, et al. (författare) Return of the cold halocline to the Amundsen Basin of the Arctic Ocean 2002 Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. ; 29:11 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
48.	Björk, Jonas, et al. (författare) A novel method for creatinine adjustment makes the revised Lund-Malmö GFR estimating equation applicable in children 2020 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 80:6, s. 456-463 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this study was to establish creatinine growth curves separately for males and females that can be used to adjust childhood levels of serum creatinine to corresponding adult levels. Linear regression with fractional polynomials of age as independent variable was used to construct creatinine growth curves for a reference cohort (n = 83,157 samples from Belgium and Sweden, age 2-40 years). Adjusted creatinine obtained from the growth curves was used to improve accuracy of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on the Lund-Malmö revised (LMR) equation in children. The LMR equation based on creatinine values adjusted to age 18 years was validated against measured GFR (mGFR) in a separate cohort of 4005 children from four different European countries. Validation metrics included median bias, precision, and accuracy expressed as percentage of estimates within ±30% (P30) of mGFR. Remarkable improvements in bias and accuracy were observed; P30 increased from 56% to 74% after creatinine adjustments in children with mGFR <75 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 932), while P30 was relatively unchanged (89-90%) at mGFR ≥75 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 3073). The suggested approach with adjusted creatinine makes LMR applicable in children irrespective of their renal function.
49.	Björk, Jonas, et al. (författare) An efficient sampling strategy for selection of biobank samples using risk scores 2017 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 45:17_suppl, s. 41-44 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to suggest a new sample-selection strategy based on risk scores in case-control studies with biobank data. Methods: An ongoing Swedish case-control study on fetal exposure to endocrine disruptors and overweight in early childhood was used as the empirical example. Cases were defined as children with a body mass index (BMI) ≥18 kg/m2 (n=545) at four years of age, and controls as children with a BMI of 1/217 kg/m2 (n=4472 available). The risk of being overweight was modelled using logistic regression based on available covariates from the health examination and prior to selecting samples from the biobank. A risk score was estimated for each child and categorised as low (0-5%), medium (6-13%) or high (≥14%) risk of being overweight. Results: The final risk-score model, with smoking during pregnancy (p=0.001), birth weight (p<0.001), BMI of both parents (p<0.001 for both), type of residence (p=0.04) and economic situation (p=0.12), yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 67% (n=3945 with complete data). The case group (n=416) had the following risk-score profile: low (12%), medium (46%) and high risk (43%). Twice as many controls were selected from each risk group, with further matching on sex. Computer simulations showed that the proposed selection strategy with stratification on risk scores yielded consistent improvements in statistical precision. Conclusions: Using risk scores based on available survey or register data as a basis for sample selection may improve possibilities to study heterogeneity of exposure effects in biobank-based studies.
50.	Björk, Jennie, et al. (författare) Creating Better Innovation Measurement Practices 2017 Ingår i: Mit Sloan Management Review. - : Sloan Management Review Association. - 1532-9194. ; 59:1, s. 45-53 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract For most companies, innovation is a top managerial priority. Many managers look at successful innovators such as Apple Inc. and Google Inc. with envy, wishing their companies could be half as innovative. To boost and benchmark innovation, managers often use quantitative performance indicators.1 Some of these indicators measure innovation as results or outcomes such as sales from new products. Others measure innovation as a process, using metrics such as the number of innovation projects in progress. And some track input measures such as the number of ideas generated, while still others focus on the innovation portfolio, by looking at factors such as the percentage of investments in breakthrough projects versus product line extensions.

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