| 1. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Fernström, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Results of preoperative chemoradiotherapy for patients with advanced cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta oto-laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2251 .- 0001-6489. ; 137:12, s. 1292-1300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Curative treatment of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer is challenging due to the proximity to critical anatomical structures. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of trimodality therapy with preoperative chemotherapy and reduced-dose radiotherapy followed by organ-preserving surgery for treating patients with nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer.This retrospective study included all 156 patients diagnosed with sinonasal cancer in western Sweden between 1986 and 2009. We determined the treatment selection pattern and treatment outcomes for 79 patients treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy.Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histology. The five-year overall survival was 54%, and 85% of these patients had T3 or T4 tumors. The five-year cumulative incidence rate of local recurrence was 32%. The five-year overall survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma was 45% and 76%, respectively. The median preoperative radiation dose was 48Gy. Orbital exenteration was performed in 7% of patients.Preoperative chemoradiotherapy may be beneficial for patients with advanced sinonasal cancer when primary radical surgery is challenging. Survival outcomes were comparable to outcomes reported in the literature despite conservative surgery and relatively low radiation doses in patients with locally advanced tumors.
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| 4. |
- Adolfsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Referral of patients with cancer to palliative care: Attitudes, practices and work-related experiences among Swedish physicians
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Care. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0961-5423 .- 1365-2354. ; 31:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective This study aimed to explore the attitudes, practices and work-related experiences among Swedish physicians regarding the referral process, integration and transition between oncology care and palliative care (PC). Methods A cross-sectional online survey was performed with a study-specific questionnaire in 2016-2017 in south-eastern Sweden. Physicians working with cancer patients within surgical specialties, medical specialties and paediatric oncology participated. Results The vast majority of the 130 participating physicians (99.2%) stated that PC was beneficial for the patient and were positive about early integration of PC (65.5%). Still, only 27.6% of the participants introduced PC at an early stage of non-curable disease. However, paediatric oncologists had a very early introduction of PC in comparison with medical specialties (p = 0.004). Almost 90% of the study population said they wanted to know that the patient had been taken care of by another care facility. Conclusions Despite the physicians' positive attitude towards early integration and referral to PC, they often acted late in the disease trajectory. This late approach can reduce the patient's opportunity of improving quality of life during severe circumstances. There is a need for in-depth knowledge of the physicians' challenges in order to bridge the gap between intentions and actions.
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| 5. |
- Al Abdulaali, Ahmad Khalid, 1981-
(författare)
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On the Extension and Wedge Product of Positive Currents
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation is concerned with extensions and wedge products of positive currents. Our study can be considered as a generalization for classical works done earlier in this field. Paper I deals with the extension of positive currents across different types of sets. For closed complete pluripolar obstacles, we show the existence of such extensions. To do so, further Hausdorff dimension conditions are required. Moreover, we study the case when these obstacles are zero sets of strictly k-convex functions. In Paper II, we discuss the wedge product of positive pluriharmonic (resp. plurisubharmonic) current of bidimension (p,p) with the Monge-Ampère operator of plurisubharmonic function. In the first part of the paper, we define this product when the locus points of the plurisubharmonic function are located in a (2p-2)-dimensional closed set (resp. (2p-4)-dimensional sets), in the sense of Hartogs. The second part treats the case when these locus points are contained in a compact complete pluripolar sets and p≥2 (resp. p≥3). Paper III studies the extendability of negative S-plurisubharmonic current of bidimension (p,p) across a (2p-2)-dimensional closed set. Using only the positivity of S, we show that such extensions exist in the case when these obstacles are complete pluripolar, as well as zero sets of C2-plurisubharmoinc functions.
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| 6. |
- Alterbeck, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Designing and Implementing a Population-based Organised Prostate Cancer Testing Programme.
- 2022
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Ingår i: European urology focus. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4569. ; 8:6, s. 1568-1574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- European guidelines recommend that well-informed men at elevated risk of having prostate cancer (PCa) should be offered prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing with risk-stratified follow-up. The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare recommends against screening for PCa but supports regional implementation of organised prostate cancer testing (OPT).To report the process for designing and implementing OPT programmes.Population-based OPT programmes in two Swedish regions, designed to include men aged between 50 and 74 yr, launched in September 2020 for 50-yr-old men.The number of men invited, the participation rate, and the numbers of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, urological visits, and biopsies from September 2020 to June 2021 were recorded.Two Swedish regions co-designed an OPT programme with a risk-stratified diagnostic algorithm based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density, MRI findings, and age. An automated administrative system was developed on a nationwide web-based platform. Invitation letters and test results are automatically generated and sent out by post. Men with PSA ≥3ng/ml, a suspicious MRI lesion, and/or PSA density ≥0.15ng/ml/cm3 are referred for a prostate biopsy. Test results are registered for quality control and research. By June 2021, a total of 16515 men were invited, of whom 6309 (38%) participated; 147 had an MRI scan and 39 underwent prostate biopsy. The OPT framework, algorithm, and diagnostic pathways have been working well.We designed and implemented a framework for OPT with a high grade of automation. The framework and organisational experiences may be of value for others who plan a programme for early detection of PCa.We describe the implementation of an organised testing programme for early detection of prostate cancer in two Swedish regions. This model is the first of its kind and may serve as a template for similar programmes.
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| 7. |
- Annerstedt, Matilda, et al.
(författare)
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Green qualities in the neighbourhood and mental health - results from a longitudinal cohort study in Southern Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Poor mental health is a major issue worldwide and causality is complex. For diseases with multifactorial background synergistic effects of person-and place-factors can potentially be preventive. Nature is suggested as one such positive place-factor. In this cohort study we tested the effect of defined green qualities (Serene, Space, Wild, Culture, Lush) in the environment at baseline on mental health at follow-up. We also studied interaction effects on mental health of those place factors and varied person factors (financial stress, living conditions, and physical activity). Methods: Data on person factors were extracted from a longitudinal (years 1999/2000 and 2005) population health survey (n = 24945). The participants were geocoded and linked to data on green qualities from landscape assessments, and stored in the Geographical Information System (GIS). Crude odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, and multivariate logistic analyses were performed. Results: Mental health was not affected by access to the chosen green qualities, neither in terms of amount nor in terms of any specific quality. However, we found a reduced risk for poor mental health at follow-up among women, through a significant interaction effect between physical activity and access to the qualities Serene or Space. For men the tendencies were similar, though not significant. Regarding the other three green qualities, as well as amount of qualities, no statistically certain synergistic effects were found. Likewise, no significant synergies were detected between green qualities and the other person-factors. Only advanced exercise significantly reduced the risk for poor mental health among women, but not for men, compared to physical inactivity. Conclusions: The results do not directly support the hypothesis of a preventive mental health effect by access to the green qualities. However, the additive effect of serene nature to physical activity contributed to better mental health at follow-up. This tendency was equal for both sexes, but statistically significant only for women. Objective landscape assessments may be important in detangling geographic determinants of health. This study stresses the importance of considering interaction effects when dealing with disorders of multifactorial background.
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| 8. |
- Ask, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The potential of proton beam radiation therapy in head and neck cancer.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 44:8, s. 876-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A group of Swedish oncologists and hospital physicists have estimated the number of patients in Sweden suitable for proton beam therapy. The estimations have been based on current statistics of tumour incidence, number of patients potentially eligible for radiation treatment, scientific support from clinical trials and model dose planning studies and knowledge of the dose-response relations of different tumours and normal tissues. In head and neck cancer, including thyroid cancer, it is assessed that at least 300 patients annually will gain sufficiently from proton beam therapy, both to improve tumour control and to decrease toxicity to compensate for the increased treatment costs using protons.
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| 9. |
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Att synliggöra och motverka ojämställdhet i arbetslivet : En vänbok till Annika Härenstam
- 2020
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur kommer det sig att arbetet medför status, goda arbetsvillkor och hälsa för vissa, medan det innebär vanmakt, underordning och sjukdom för andra? Denna uråldriga och till synes naiva fråga pockar allt ihärdigare på ett svar i en tid där den sociala ojämlikheten ökar. Den som är det minsta intresserad av arbetsliv och hälsa och som läser de kapitel som nu följer kommer att bli inspirerad, kanske provocerad och troligen väldigt imponerad av svensk arbetslivsforskning. Flera av Sveriges mest framträdande arbetslivsforskare medverkar i boken.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Barbu, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Dextran- versus crystalloid-based prime in cardiac surgery: A prospective randomized pilot study.
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Annals of thoracic surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1552-6259 .- 0003-4975. ; 110:5, s. 1541-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optimum priming fluid for the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit is still debated. We compared a new hyperoncotic priming solution containing dextran 40, which has an electrolyte composition that mimics extracellular fluid, with a standard crystalloid-based prime.Eighty cardiac surgery patients were included in this double-blind randomized single-centre study. The patients were randomized to either a dextran-based prime or a crystalloid prime containing Ringer acetate and mannitol. The primary endpoint was colloid oncotic pressure (COP) in serum during CPB. Secondary endpoints included fluid balance, bleeding and transfusion requirements, pulmonary function, hemolysis, systemic inflammation, and markers of renal, hepatic, myocardial, and brain injury. Blood samples were collected before, during, and after CPB.COP was higher in the dextran group than in the crystalloid prime group on CPB (18.8±2.9 vs. 16.4±2.9 mmHg, p<0.001) and 10 min after CPB (19.2±2.7 vs. 16.8±2.9 mmHg, p<0.001). Patients in the dextran group required less intravenous fluid during CPB (1090±499 vs. 1437±543 ml; p=0.003) and net fluid balance was less positive 12h after surgery (+1,431±741 vs. +1,901±922 ml; p=0.014). Plasma free hemoglobin was significantly lower in the dextran group 2h after CPB (0.18±0.11 vs 0.41±0.33, p=0.001). There were no significant differences in bleeding, transfusion requirements, organ function, systemic inflammation, or brain and myocardial injury markers between the groups at any time point.Our results suggest that a hyperoncotic dextran-based priming solution preserves intraoperative COP compared to crystalloid prime. Larger studies with clinically valid endpoints are necessary to evaluate hyperoncotic prime solutions further.
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| 12. |
- Barbu, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Serum biomarkers of brain injury after uncomplicated cardiac surgery: Secondary analysis from a randomized trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 66:4, s. 447-453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is common after cardiac surgery. Postoperative measurements of brain injury biomarkers may identify brain damage and predict cognitive dysfunction. We describe the release patterns of five brain injury markers in serum and plasma after uncomplicated cardiac surgery. Methods: Sixty-one elective cardiac surgery patients were randomized to undergo surgery with either a dextran-based prime or a crystalloid prime. Blood samples were taken immediately before surgery, and 2 and 24h after surgery. Concentrations of the brain injury biomarkers S100B, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), tau, neurofilament light (NfL) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE)) and the blood–brain barrier injury marker β-trace protein were analyzed. Concentrations of brain injury biomarkers were correlated to patients’ age, operation time, and degree of hemolysis. Results: No significant difference in brain injury biomarkers was observed between the prime groups. All brain injury biomarkers increased significantly after surgery (tau +456% (25th–75th percentile 327%−702%), NfL +57% (28%−87%), S100B +1145% (783%−2158%), GFAP +17% (−3%−43%), NSE +168% (106%−228%), while β-trace protein was reduced (−11% (−17−3%). Tau, S100B, and NSE peaked at 2h, NfL and GFAP at 24h. Postoperative concentrations of brain injury markers correlated to age, operation time, and/or hemolysis. Conclusion: Uncomplicated cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with an increase in serum/plasma levels of all the studied injury markers, without signs of blood–brain barrier injury. The biomarkers differ markedly in their levels of release and time course. Further investigations are required to study associations between perioperative release of biomarkers, postoperative cognitive function and clinical outcome. © 2022 The Authors. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Foundation.
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| 13. |
- Bergbrant, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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Cryptorchidism in Sweden : A Nationwide Study of Prevalence, Operative Management, and Complications
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3476. ; 194, s. 6-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To review the cumulative prevalence, operative management, and complications of treatment for cryptorchidism in Sweden. Study design: A nationwide observational study from longitudinal register data of all Swedish-born boys 0-18 years of age, diagnosed with cryptorchidism from 2001 to 2014. Primary outcomes were occurrence and age at primary surgery. Secondary outcomes included type of procedure and surgical site infection. Results: Of 20 375 boys diagnosed with cryptorchidism in 2001-2014, 12 766 were surgically treated. The cumulative childhood prevalence was 1.8% (95% CI, 1.5-2.0), with a higher prevalence in boys born prematurely, small for gestational age, or with low birth weight. The median age at treatment decreased from 6.2 years in 2001 to 3.4 years in 2014 (P < .001). Still, 94.1% (95% CI, 92.7-95.6) had surgery after the recommended 1 year of age in 2014. Variations in age at surgery between Swedish counties were great (range, 2.9-5.9 years of age). There were no deaths within 30 days after surgery and the frequency of surgical site infection was low (1.4%; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6). Conclusions: The cumulative childhood prevalence of cryptorchidism was high, and complications were rare. Few boys underwent surgery in a timely manner according to clinical guidelines, and standards of care varied considerably across the country. Further research and collective actions are needed to improve the detection and management of congenital cryptorchidism.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Björk, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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A thermographic study of the on-off behavior of an all-refrigerator
- 2010
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-4311 .- 1873-5606. ; 30:14-15, s. 1974-1984
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work a thermographic camera is used to observe the temperature distribution of a household refrigerator cooling system operating at on off cycling conditions. This technique offers an alternative method to analyze the cooling system compared to conventional thermocouples. In particular it is interesting to view the overall picture of how the refrigerant charge is distributed over the cooling system at transient conditions. In addition, four sources of energy losses were identified and discussed. Out of these losses, two would have been difficult to find using conventional thermocouple temperature measurements. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Björk, Erik, 1965-
(författare)
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Energy Efficiency Improvements in Household Refrigeration Cooling Systems
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is based on eight articles all related to the characteristics of the cooling system and plate evaporator of a household refrigerator. Through these articles, knowledge is provided that can be used to increase the operational efficiency in household refrigeration. Papers A, B and C focus on heat transfer and pressure drop in a commonly used free convection evaporator – the plate evaporator. Applicable correlations are suggested on how to estimate the air side heat transfer, the refrigerant side pressure drop and the refrigerant side heat transfer. Papers D, E and F hold a unique experimental study of the refrigerant charge distribution in the cooling system at transient and steady state conditions. From this cyclic losses are identified and estimated and ways to overcome them are suggested. In paper G the topic “charging and throttling” is investigated in an unparalleled experimental study based on more than 600 data points at different quantities of charge and expansions device capacities. It results in recommendations on how to optimize the capillary tube length and the quantity of refrigerant charge. Finally, Paper H holds a thermographic study of the overall cooling system operating at transient conditions. Overall, a potential to lower the energy use by as much as 25 % was identified in the refrigerator studied. About 10 % was found on the evaporator’s air side. 1-2 % was identified as losses related to the edge effect of the evaporator plate. About 8 % was estimated to be cyclic losses. About 5 % was found in cycle length optimization. It is believed that most of these findings are of general interest for the whole field of household refrigeration even though the results come from one type of refrigerator. Suggestions of simple means to reduce the losses without increasing the unit price are provided within the thesis
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| 19. |
- Björk, Erik
(författare)
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PRESSURE DROP IN A PLATE EVAPORATOR FOR REFRIGERATORS
- 2002
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the two-phase refrigerant side pressure drop in a plate evaporator used in a refrigerator. The refrigerant was Isobutane (R600a). The refrigerant channel had a non-circular cross-section best described as a circular segment. It was found that the best estimation of the frictional pressure drop was with a homogeneous method and with a modified version of the separated Lockhart and Martinelli method.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Björk, Erik T.
(författare)
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A simple technique for refrigerant mass measurement
- 2005
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-4311 .- 1873-5606. ; 25:8-9, s. 1115-1125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A simple technique for refrigerant mass measurement is described and evaluated. First, quick-closing valves trap the refrigerant in the section under consideration. Then, the refrigerant is expanded into a tank, thus reaching a superheated state. Finally the mass is calculated by p-nu-T relationship. The technique was implemented on a domestic refrigerator and was computer automated (no need for manual intervention). Preliminary (1) data are reported of the charge distribution during an on-off cycle.
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| 22. |
- Björk, Erik T., et al.
(författare)
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Flow boiling heat transfer at low flux conditions in a domestic refrigerator evaporator
- 2008
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Ingår i: International journal of refrigeration. - : Elsevier BV. - 0140-7007 .- 1879-2081. ; 31:6, s. 1021-1032
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the flow boiling heat transfer in a typical domestic refrigerator evaporator with horizontal flow, frequent bends and a non-circular cross-section. The mass flux was varied between 21 and 43 kg/m(2) s, the heat flux between 1 and 5 kW/m(2) and the vapour quality between 0.2 and 0.8. In spite of a predicted stratified to wavy-stratified flow pattern complete tube perimeter wetting was believed to occur except for the lowest mass flux and for positions upstream of the first bend. it was concluded that the bends helped wetting the tube perimeter. The experimental data revealed heat transfer coefficients higher than predicted with conventional correlations. This was suggested to be explained by thin film evaporation at a perimeter repeatedly wetted by liquid slugs. A simple correlation based on the pure convective part of the Shah correlation [3] was derived from the experimental data. The mean deviation of this was 16.9% compared to Shah's 54.7%.
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| 23. |
- Björk, Erik T., et al.
(författare)
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Performance of a domestic refrigerator under influence of varied expansion device capacity, refrigerant charge and ambient temperature
- 2006
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Ingår i: International journal of refrigeration. - : Elsevier BV. - 0140-7007 .- 1879-2081. ; 29:5, s. 789-798
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports experimental results of an on/off cycling domestic refrigerator at varied expansion device capacity (EDC), quantity of charge and ambient temperature. It was found that the energy consumption is insensitive to varied EDC and charge within a wide range of settings. For the charge this is explained by the low side accumulator, which buffers over- and undercharge. It was also found that the optimum charge increased at lower ambient temperature. The paper describes an experimental procedure on how to determine the capillary tube length and the quantity of charge for a domestic refrigerator/freezer. This procedure is recommended since it takes different thermal masses and loads into consideration and since the potential for energy saving with a more sophisticated method appears to be limited.
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| 24. |
- Björk, Erik T., et al.
(författare)
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Refrigerant mass charge distribution in a domestic refrigerator. Part I : Transient conditions
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-4311 .- 1873-5606. ; 26:8-9, s. 829-837
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental results are presented of the refrigerant mass charge distribution in a steadily cycling domestic refrigerator. In detail it is shown how the charge is displaced at compressor start-up and shut-down. At start-Lip it was found that the charge was temporarily displaced towards the condenser before returning to a steady state distribution in the latter part of the on-period. As a result, initially the evaporator was starved with a lowered evaporation temperature and a peak 10 degrees C superheat. The superheat disappeared within 3 min as the evaporator was gradually refilled with refrigerant. At shut-down the pressure equalised within 3 min as refrigerant was pushed into the evaporator from the condenser. The losses due to charge displacements were estimated to 11% (capacity) and 9% (efficiency). Possible ways to reduce the losses are discussed.
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| 25. |
- Björk, Erik T., et al.
(författare)
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Refrigerant mass charge distribution in a domestic refrigerator. Part II : Steady state conditions
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-4311 .- 1873-5606. ; 26:8-9, s. 866-871
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental results are presented of the refrigerant mass charge distribution in a steady state operating domestic refrigerator at varied thermal loads. It was found that the charge decreased in the evaporator and increased in the condenser and compressor upon increased thermal load. No subcooling or superheat was observed over the range of capacities tested (74-145 W). The combination of a low side accumulator and an expansion device with high capacity (short capillary tube) explained this. The study suggests that a capillary tube throttled cooling system, with a floating condensation temperature, can handle large load variations without becoming destabilised (superheat or subcooling) just like a more sophisticated thermostatic expansion device control system.
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| 26. |
- Björk, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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An Ecosystem for Social Innovation in Sweden : A strategic research and innovation agenda
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report represents the continuation of a national dialog among actors across Sweden with the aim of identifying promising areas of development for the social innovation system. The output of this dialog is a list of suggestions that would support the advancement of social innovation knowledge and practice within academia, the public sector, civil society and business. The recommendations put forward in this agenda aim to leverage the growth of individuals and organizations wanting to develop social innovations that assist in addressing societal challenges in line with the European Union’s and Sweden’s innovation policy strategies (the explicit targets of addressing grand societal challenges).
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| 27. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Accuracy diagrams : a novel way to illustrate uncertainty of estimated GFR
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 77:3, s. 199-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most studies that validate GFR equations present accuracy results stratified by measured GFR (mGFR; diagnostic correctness) or by estimated GFR (eGFR; diagnostic predictiveness) only, without a clear distinction in interpretation. The accuracy of a GFR equation is normally reported in percent (e.g. P30), but is often misinterpreted when stratified by eGFR. The aim of the study was to develop new accuracy measures and diagrams that allow straightforward interpretations and illustrations of the uncertainty in eGFR in clinical practice. We applied quantile regression to the distribution of estimation errors for two creatinine-based GFR equations, LM-REV and CKD-EPI, in a clinical cohort (n = 3495) referred for GFR measurement (plasma clearance of iohexol). Measures of bias and precision and accuracy intervals (AIs) were expressed in mL/min/1.73 m2. Diagrams with AIs were chosen as a novel way to present the error margin in eGFR at a pre-specified certainty level. It was shown that creatinine-based equations are still quite inaccurate in that large estimation errors could not be ruled out with satisfactory certainty. As an example, the 75% AI for the most accurate equation, LM-REV, was approximately ±10 mL/min/1.73 m2 at eGFR = 45 mL/min/1.73 m2, whereas it ranged between −13 and +20 mL/min/1.73 m2 at eGFR = 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Accuracy intervals presented in diagrams can be used to illustrate the uncertainty of eGFR. Future validation studies should assess the variability in the predictiveness of eGFR across populations and clinical settings using tools and performance measures that are easy to interpret.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Björk, Jan-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Regularizations of residue currents
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal fur die reine und angewandte Mathematik. ; 649, s. 33-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 31. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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GFR estimation based on standardized creatinine and cystatin C : A European multicenter analysis in older adults
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1437-4331 .- 1434-6621. ; 56:3, s. 422-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although recommended by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPICR) creatinine equation was not targeted to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among older adults. The Berlin Initiative Study (BIS1CR) equation was specifically developed in older adults, and the Lund-Malmö revised (LMRCR) and the Full Age Spectrum (FASCR) equations have shown promising results in older adults. Our aim was to validate these four creatinine equations, including addition of cystatin C in a large multicenter cohort of Europeans ≥70 years. A total of 3226 individuals (2638 with cystatin C) underwent GFR measurement (mGFR; median, 44 mL/min/1.73 m2) using plasma iohexol clearance. Bias, precision (interquartile range [IQR]), accuracy (percent of estimates ±30% of mGFR, P30), eGFR accuracy diagrams and probability diagrams to classify mGFR<45 mL/min/1.73 m2 were compared. The overall results of BIS1CR/CKD-EPICR/FASCR/LMRCR were as follows: median bias, 1.7/3.6/0.6/-0.7 mL/min/1.73 m2; IQR, 11.6/12.3/11.1/10.5 mL/min/1.73 m2; and P30, 77.5%/76.4%/80.9%/83.5% (significantly higher for LMR, p<0.001). Substandard P30 (<75%) was noted for all equations at mGFR<30 mL/min/1.73 m2, and at body mass index values <20 and ≥35 kg/m2. LMRCR had the most stable performance across mGFR subgroups. Only LMRCR and FASCR had a relatively constant small bias across eGFR levels. Probability diagrams exhibited wide eGFR intervals for all equations where mGFR<45 could not be confidently ruled in or out. Adding cystatin C improved P30 accuracy to 85.7/86.8/85.7/88.7 for BIS2CR+CYS/CKD-EPICR+CYS/FASCR+CYS/MEANLMR+CAPA. LMRCR and FASCR seem to be attractive alternatives to CKD-EPICR in estimating GFR by creatinine-based equations in older Europeans. Addition of cystatin C leads to important improvement in estimation performance.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Skydda naturen nära oss
- 2007
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Ingår i: Skånska dagbladet. - 1103-9973. ; , s. 5-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 35. |
- Björk, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Sporadiska kolorektala polyper. Uppdaterade riktlinjer for endoskopikontroller
- 2003
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 100:34, s. 2584-2584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- No surveillance is recommended after radical excision of low-risk adenomas (pedunculated adenoma irrespective of size, sessile adenoma < or = 10 mm, number < or = 2. An endoscopic check-up is recommended 3-6 months after radical excision of high-risk adenomas (sessile adenoma > 10 mm, number > or = 3), as well as after excision of a pedunculated or a sessile adenoma with an unclear resection margin. All above is irrespective of histopathological adenoma classification. An endoscopic check-up is recommended 3 months after radical excision of a highly or moderately differentiated malignant polyp with no sign of invasion into blood or lymph vessels and with a maximum invasion depth stage T1-sm1. Surgical resection is necessary if the malignant polyp is poorly differentiated, and/or invades into blood or lymph vessels, and/or is stage T1-sm3, or is excised with unclear resection margins. Treatment for stage T1-sm2 polyps may be individualized. Individuals with low-risk adenomas and a first degree relative with colorectal cancer, individuals having high-risk adenomas or malignant polyps removed, as well as individuals operated on for colorectal cancer should be subjected to colonoscopy after three years and then every fifth year when < or = 75 years of age.
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| 36. |
- Björk, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Att synliggöra och motverka ojämställdhet i arbetslivet : drivkrafter, metoder och perspektiv i Annika Härenstams forskargärning
- 2020
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Ingår i: Att synliggöra och motverka ojämställdhet i arbetslivet. - Helsingborg : Komlitt förlag. - 9789172512139 ; , s. 21-27
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I kapitlet behandlas Annika Härenstams forskning med avseende på drivkrafter, metoder och perspektiv. Karaktäristiskt är att arbetslivet ses som en arena där betydelsen av klass, genus och etnicitet är under ständig omförhandling. Organisationer utgör arbetets närmaste kontext och den psykosociala arbetsmiljön är sammanlänkad med hur organisationer utformas och styrs. Organisationer är ett slags filter mellan skeenden på makro- och mikronivå. En uppgift för forskningen är att systematiskt fånga, mäta och korrelera fenomen på olika nivåer. Den arbetande människan finns i ett yrke, på en arbetsplats, som är en del av en avdelning på ett företag, som finns i en bransch. På konkreta arbetsplatser är det omöjligt att isolera enskilda variabler från varandra. Många faktorer samverkar och åstadkommer de fenomen som kan observeras i enkäter och register. För att fånga komplexiteten krävs holistiska ansatser. Kluster- och flernivåanalyser är metoder för detta genom att de inte fragmentiserar arbetssituationer, utan håller samman aspekter i den konkreta verklighet som utgör individers arbetsliv. I Annika Härenstams genusperspektiv är den grundläggande hypotesen att de betydelsefulla skillnaderna snarare finns mellan kvinno- och mansdominerade yrken, sektorer och branscher, än mellan kvinnor och män, vilket synsätt har klara implikationer för hur arbetsmiljöarbete kan och bör bedrivas.
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| 37. |
- Björk, Lisa, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Regeringsuppdrag om elektrifieringen av transporter : kostnader, finansiering och affärsmodeller
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut (VTI) fick i september 2021 ett regeringsuppdrag om ”att bidra till kunskapsuppbyggnaden kring en snabb, smart och samhällsekonomiskt effektiv elektrifiering av transportsektorn”. VTI tar fram flera rapporter som svarar mot de olika frågeställningar som framgår av regeringsuppdraget. I denna rapport beskrivs kostnader för olika aktörer och samhällsekonomiska effekter av elektrifiering med olika tekniker, liksom befintliga finansieringsfrågor och möjliga affärsmodeller.Sverige har ambitionen att vara ett föregångsland när det gäller att visa på potentialen med elektrifiering av transportsektorn, samt sprida innovation och teknikutveckling som kan påskynda utvecklingen globalt. Omställningen till ett elektrifierat transportsystem ställer stora krav på beteendeförändringar, innovation och infrastrukturinvesteringar.Vägsektorn står för nästan 95 procent av växthusgasutsläppen som genereras i Sveriges inrikestransporter och möjligheten att elektrifiera stora delar finns redan idag. Elektrifieringen av vägsektorn kan frigöra förnybara flytande och gasformiga drivmedel till segment där elektrifieringen är svårare att genomföra, som arbetsmaskiner, sjöfart och flyg. Tillgång till lågemissionsbränslen i dessa segment är avgörande för att uppnå nettonollutsläpp till 2045. Det kan därför vara kostnadseffektivt att påskynda en elektrifiering av vägsektorn. Under 2021 var 45 procent av de nyregistrerade personbilarna i Sverige helelektriska eller plug-in hybrider. Efterfrågeökningen förutspås öka snabbt.En snabb ökning av laddbara fordon ställer höga krav på utbyggnad av laddinfrastruktur och kapacitet i elnäten för att möta efterfrågan på energiförsörjning. De stora nätverkseffekter som är förknippade med elfordon och laddinfrastruktur motiverar styrmedel för att möjliggöra en hög, och samhällsekonomiskt effektiv, omställningstakt. I rapporten diskuteras flera av de styrmedel inom EU och i Sverige som bidrar till att påskynda elektrifieringen. Den ambitionshöjning som EU-kommissionen presenterat i klimatlagstiftningspaketet Fit for 55 kan kraftigt öka incitamenteten för företag och konsumenter att ställa om mot elektrifierade fordon. Paketet innehåller olika förslag som signalerar ett långsiktigt och ökande pris på växthusgasutsläpp. Hur lagförslagen påverkar effektiviteten av Sveriges nationella styrmedel, och vilka justeringar eller ytterligare styrmedel som krävs, behöver analyseras.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Björk, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
-
Parameter estimation approach to banding artifact reduction in balanced steady-state free precession
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1522-2594 .- 0740-3194. ; 72:3, s. 880-892
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) pulse sequence has shown to be of great interest due to its high signal-to-noise ratio efficiency. However, bSSFP images often suffer from banding artifacts due to off-resonance effects, which we aim to minimize in this paper. Methods: We present a general and fast two-step algorithm for 1) estimating the unknowns in the bSSFP signal model from multiple phase-cycled acquisitions, and 2) reconstructing band-free images. The first step, Linearization for Off-Resonance Estimation (LORE), solves the nonlinear problem approximately by a robust linear approach. The second step applies a Gauss-Newton algorithm, initialized by LORE, to minimize the nonlinear least squares criterion. We name the full algorithm LORE-GN. Results: We derive the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB), a theoretical lower bound of the variance for any unbiased estimator, and show that LORE-GN is statistically efficient. Furthermore, we show that simultaneous estimation of T1 and T2 from phase-cycled bSSFP is difficult, since the CRB is high at common SNR. Using simulated, phantom, and in vivo data, we illustrate the band-reduction capabilities of LORE-GN compared to other techniques, such as sum-of-squares. Conclusion: Using LORE-GN we can successfully minimize banding artifacts in bSSFP.
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| 40. |
- Björk, Marcus, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Signal Processing Algorithms for Removing Banding Artifacts in MRI
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO-2011). ; , s. 1000-1004, s. 1000-1004
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) pulse sequence has shown to be of great interest, due to its relatively high signal-to-noise ratio in a short scan time. However, images acquired with this pulse sequence suffer from banding artifacts due to off-resonance effects. These artifacts typically appear as black bands covering parts of the image and they severely degrade the image quality. In this paper, we present a fast two-step algorithm for estimating the unknowns in the signal model and removing the banding artifacts. The first step consists of rewriting the model in such a way that it becomes linear in the unknowns (this step is named Linearization for Off-Resonance Estimation, or LORE). In the second step, we use a Gauss-Newton iterative optimization with the parameters obtained by LORE as initial guesses. We name the full algorithm LORE-GN. Using both simulated and in vivo data, we show the performance gain associated with using LORE-GN as compared to general methods commonly employed in similar cases.
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| 41. |
- Björk, Sofia, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Choosing to Work Part-Time – Combinations of Motives and the Role of Preferences and Constraints.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. - : Stockholm University Press. - 2002-2867. ; 5:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article aims to contribute to the understanding of motives for part-time work and discuss the role of preferences and constraints by studying combinations of motives for part-time work in a case where the scope for preferences is great. The data was derived from a survey of full-time employees in a Swedish municipality who have opted to work part-time with lower salary. Eight groups of part-time workers with different combinations of motives were identified using cluster analysis. Although formally all of these employees were voluntarily working part-time, to a greater or lesser extent the preference for part-time can be understood as an accommodation to constraints for all of the eight clusters. Even though the motives were complex, for many, part-time work was a strategy to cope with a high workload in relation to their own health and capacity.
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| 42. |
- Björk, Sofia, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Choosing to Work Part-Time – Combinations of Motives and the Role of Preferences and Constraints
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. - : Stockholm University Press. - 2002-2867. ; 5:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article aims to contribute to the understanding of motives for part-time work and discuss the role of preferences and constraints by studying combinations of motives for part-time work in a case where the scope for preferences is great. The data was derived from a survey of full-time employees in a Swedish municipality who have opted to work part-time with lower salary. Eight groups of part-time workers with different combinations of motives were identified using cluster analysis. Although formally all of these employees were voluntarily working part-time, to a greater or lesser extent the preference for part-time can be understood as an accommodation to constraints for all of the eight clusters. Even though the motives were complex, for many, part-time work was a strategy to cope with a high workload in relation to their own health and capacity.
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| 43. |
- Björk, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
-
WEST: A Web Browser for Small Terminals
- 1999. - 1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe WEST, a WEb browser for Small Terminals, that aims to solve some of the problems associated with accessing web pages on hand-held devices. Through a novel combination of text reduction and focus+context visualization, users can access web pages from a very limited display environment, since the system will provide an overview of the contents of a web page even when it is too large to be displayed in its entirety. To make maximum use of the limited resources available on a typical hand-held terminal, much of the most demanding work is done by a proxy server, allowing the terminal to concentrate on the task of providing responsive user interaction. The system makes use of some interaction concepts reminiscent of those defined in the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), making it possible to utilize the techniques described here for WAP-compliant devices and services that may become available in the near future.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Blomstrand, Malin, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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No clinically relevant effect on cognitive outcomes after low-dose radiation to the infant brain: A population-based cohort study in Sweden
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 53:9, s. 1143-1150
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the detrimental effects of cranial radiotherapy on the developing brain are well known, the effects on cognitive performance of low doses of ionizing radiation is less studied. We performed a population-based cohort study to determine whether low doses of ionizing radiation to the brain in infancy affects cognitive function later in life. Further we hypothesized that the dose to the hippocampus predicts cognitive late side effects better than the anterior or the posterior brain doses. Material and methods. During 1950 - 1960 3860 boys were treated with radiation in Sweden for cutaneous hemangiomas before the age of 18 months. Of these, 3030 were analyzed for military test scores at the age of 18 years and 2559 for the highest obtained educational level. Results. Logical, spatial and technical test scores were not affected by increasing irradiation doses. The verbal test scores displayed a significant trend for decreasing scores with increasing doses to the hippocampus (p = 0.005). However, the absolute mean difference between the zero dose and the highest dose category (median 680 mGy) was very small, only 0.64 stanine points, and the significance was dependent on the highest dose category, containing few subjects. The educational level was not affected by brain irradiation. Overall, the hippocampal dose was a better predictor of late cognitive side effects than the doses to the anterior or the posterior brain. In conclusion, there was no decrease in logical, spatial and technical verbal or global test scores after ionizing radiation doses up to 250 mGy, but a subtle decrease in verbal test scores if the highest dose category was included (median 680 mGy). However, the clinical relevance of this decline in the highest dose group is questionable, since we could not find any effect on the highest obtained educational level.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Bratt, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Open-label, clinical phase I studies of tasquinimod in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: British journal of cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 101:8, s. 1233-40
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Tasquinimod is a quinoline-3-carboxamide derivative with anti-angiogenic activity. Two open-label phase I clinical trials in patients were conducted to evaluate the safety and tolerability of tasquinimod, with additional pharmacokinetic and efficacy assessments. METHODS: Patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer with no previous chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. The patients received tasquinimod up to 1 year either at fixed doses of 0.5 or 1.0 mg per day or at an initial dose of 0.25 mg per day that escalated to 1.0 mg per day. RESULTS: A total of 32 patients were enrolled; 21 patients were maintained for >or=4 months. The maximum tolerated dose was determined to be 0.5 mg per day; but when using stepwise intra-patient dose escalation, a dose of 1.0 mg per day was well tolerated. The dose-limiting toxicity was sinus tachycardia and asymptomatic elevation in amylase. Common treatment-emergent adverse events included transient laboratory abnormalities, anaemia, nausea, fatigue, myalgia and pain. A serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline of >or=50% was noted in two patients. The median time to PSA progression (>25%) was 19 weeks. Only 3 out of 15 patients (median time on study: 34 weeks) developed new bone lesions. CONCLUSION: Long-term continuous oral administration of tasquinimod seems to be safe, and the overall efficacy results indicate that tasquinimod might delay disease progression.
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| 48. |
- Carr-Motyckova, Lenka, et al.
(författare)
-
Feed-forward controller for layered video coding
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference WWW/Internet. - Lisbon : IADIS Press. - 9729027536 ; , s. 628-631
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Layering techniques for video transmission are being actively considered as a way of satisfying receivers in a heterogeneous environment. A layering scheme based on a combination of network requirements and the perceptual quality of video is an attractive proposition. In this paper a feed-forward post-codec controller has been described that sends video sequence in an optimally layered way. For optimization the controller considers the perceptual quality of video, load on sender and load on network. For the controller the correlations have been developed experimentally and deductively.
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| 49. |
- Cavieres, Lohengrin A., et al.
(författare)
-
Facilitative plant interactions and climate simultaneously drive alpine plant diversity
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-0248 .- 1461-023X. ; 17:2, s. 193-202
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interactions among species determine local-scale diversity, but local interactions are thought to have minor effects at larger scales. However, quantitative comparisons of the importance of biotic interactions relative to other drivers are rarely made at larger scales. Using a data set spanning 78 sites and five continents, we assessed the relative importance of biotic interactions and climate in determining plant diversity in alpine ecosystems dominated by nurse-plant cushion species. Climate variables related with water balance showed the highest correlation with richness at the global scale. Strikingly, although the effect of cushion species on diversity was lower than that of climate, its contribution was still substantial. In particular, cushion species enhanced species richness more in systems with inherently impoverished local diversity. Nurse species appear to act as a ‘safety net’ sustaining diversity under harsh conditions, demonstrating that climate and species interactions should be integrated when predicting future biodiversity effects of climate change.
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| 50. |
- Chulkov, Sergei, 1980-
(författare)
-
Topics in analytic theory of partial differential equations
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis consists of three papers I, II III devoted to some topics in analytic theory of partial differential equations. The main paper is II. In this paper we study a version of the classical problem on the convergence of formal solutions of systems of partial differential equations. A necessary and sufficient condition for the convergence of a given formal solution (found by any method) is proved. This convergence criterion applies to systems of partial differential equations (possibly, nonlinear) solved for the highest-order derivatives or, which is most important,"almost solved for the highest-order derivatives".In the paper I, systems of linear partial differential equations with constant coefficients are considered. The space of formal and analytic solutions of such systems are described by elementary algebraic methods. The Hilbert and Hilbert-Samuel polynomials for systems of linear partial differential equations with constant coefficients are defined.In the paper III, systems of linear partial differential equations with analytic coefficients are considered. Suppose the coefficients of a system are defined in a domain U in n-dimensional complex space. We study the space of germs of formal and analytic solutions of the system at a point u of the domain U. We discuss the following questions. 1) How to pose "proper" initial conditions for formal and analytic solutions for the system. 2) How depend dimensions of the space of k-jets of germs of formal and analytic solutions of the system at a point u in the domain U on the positive integer k and the point u.
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