| 1. |
- Nilsson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
54 forskare: Inte alla klarar höjd pensions-ålder
- 2017
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet, Stockholm. - 1101-2412.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet, så att fler klarar att arbeta i högre ålder. Att enbart genom ekonomiska åtgärder höja pensionsåldern är inte långsiktigt hållbart, skriver 54 forskare.DEBATT | PENSIONForskning visar att cirka var fjärde har en diagnos eller skada orsakad av sitt arbete. Detta gör arbetsorsakad sjukdom och skada till ett betydelsefullt folkhälsoproblem. Att då enbart genom ekonomiska åtgärder höja pensionsåldern för samtliga (yrkes)grupper utifrån deras kronologiska ålder är inte långsiktigt hållbart när individers biologiska ålder är så olika bland annat till följd av arbetslivet. Detta är en demokratifråga. Forskning om äldre i arbetslivet och hållbart arbete visar att man då främst flyttar individer från pensionssystemet till sjukförsäkringssystemet och ökar klyftorna i samhället.Debatt Det här är en argumenterande text med syfte att påverka. Åsikterna som uttrycks är skribentens egna.Vi är 54 forskare som nu gemensamt har skrivit denna debattartikel. Anledningen är att vi är oroade över att cirka var fjärde blir sjuk av sitt arbete samtidigt som man i det förslag som ligger om att senarelägga ålderspensionen i princip utgår ifrån att arbetskraftsdeltagande enbart styrs av ekonomin. Vi vill trycka på betydelsen av åtgärder i arbetslivet för att komma tillrätta med ohälsan, det vill säga inte enbart ekonomiska restriktioner som tvingar folk som inte kan, vill och orkar att stanna kvar i arbetslivet till en högre kronologisk ålder.Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att förtjäna möjligheter till pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån antalet år sedan en person föddes, då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor.Den svenska sjukförsäkringsreformen 2008 avsåg att få tillbaka människor i arbete. Men studien fann att den faktiskt bidrog till att fler gick i tidig ålderspension av dem som var i åldern 55–64 år. Ökningen var störst bland korttidsutbildade. Mer än 5 procent fler gick i tidig ålderspension då det blev svårare att få sjukpenning och sjukersättning. Vi kan notera att det är vanligare att manliga chefer tar ut tidig ålderspension, jämfört med kvinnliga maskinskötare inom tillverkningsindustrin. I vissa yrken är det dessutom vanligare att människor, trots pension, både orkar och faktiskt ges möjlighet att arbeta vidare om de har en specialkompetens som efterfrågas. Om vi endast kombinerar ekonomiska morötter med piskor finns en stor risk att vi ökar klyftan mellan grupper som både kan och vill fortsätta att yrkesarbeta och personer som av olika skäl inte längre kan eller orkar.Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas och våra attityder som är kopplade till ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder.”Morötter” är viktigare för en god arbetshälsa och hög produktivitet än en piska i form av oron för en dålig ekonomi.Forskning visar att pedagogik som bygger på ”morötter” oftast är betydligt bättre än ”piskor” för att nå framgångsrika och långsiktiga mål. ”Morötter” i samhället, för organisationer, företag och individer är därför viktiga för god arbetshälsa och fortsatt produktivitet och kan bidra till ett längre arbetsliv även för grupper som tidigare inte ens klarat av att arbeta fram till pensionsåldern. Genom forskning inom området har bland annat swage-modellen utarbetats. Detta är ett verktyg som visar på komplexiteten i ett hållbart arbetsliv och tillsammans med systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete, handlingsplaner och åtgärder syftar till ett mer hållbart arbetsliv. Morötter är enligt forskningen i detta sammanhang åtgärder för en god fysisk och mental arbetsmiljö, avpassad arbetsbelastning, stödjande teknik, att man kan anpassa arbetstakten, alternativa arbetstidsmodeller vid behov. Det är viktigt att man känner sig trygg och förväntas och tillåts vara delaktig, att man blir sedd av chefen och arbetskamraterna. Att de egna arbetsuppgifterna upplevs som meningsfulla och behövda av andra skapar självförverkligande och tillfredsställelse i arbetet. Att man känner att ens arbetsuppgifter och man själv är viktig för organisationen och företaget. Att man trots högre ålder inkluderas i olika nysatsningar och får tillgång till kompetensutveckling och inte blir åsidosatt eller åldersdiskriminerad. Utvärderingar visar att de äldre medarbetarna som fick några av dessa anpassningar och möjligheter var mer effektiva, utvilade, stimulerade när de var på arbetet samtidigt som sjukfrånvaron minskade. Vilket i sin tur bidrar till ett längre arbetsliv för grupper som tidigare inte klarat av att arbeta fram till pensionsåldern. I organisationer som bygger på en deltagar- och lärandekultur rustas de anställda för att klara omställningar, nya arbetsuppgifter och vid behov även yrkesbyten.Med en åldrande befolkning där allt fler lever allt längre behöver vi arbeta till en högre ålder i framtiden för att pensionssystemet ska hålla. Men ”morötter” är viktigare för en god arbetshälsa och hög produktivitet än en piska i form av oron för en dålig ekonomi. Det kräver också att vi ändrar våra attityder och förhållningssätt till äldre på arbetsmarknaden, vilket vi bäst gör genom att organisationer och företag får incitament till och erbjuder mer individanpassade arbetsvillkor, särskilt för personer i högre ålder. Låt oss därför använda den framtagna kunskapen i praktiken för att göra arbetslivet friskt och hållbart för alla åldrar.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
Vi är oroade över senare ålderspension
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Dagens Samhälle. - 1652-6511.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Var fjärde person blir i dag sjuk till följd av sitt arbete. Att höja pensionsåldern för alla yrkesgrupper, utan konkreta åtgärder för att minska ohälsan, är därför problematiskt och mycket oroande. Det är, enligt forskarna, inte långsiktigt samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt att utan andra åtgärder höja pensionsåldern för alla. Vi – 54 forskare – är mycket oroade över konsekvenserna av att, som föreslagits, senarelägga ålderspensionen.Förslaget utgår i princip från arbetskraftsdeltagande i princip enbart styrs av ekonomin, medan forskningen visar att det bara är en av flera faktorer som styr hur länge och hur mycket människor väljer att arbeta.Det här sättet att lösa problemet med en åldrande befolkning och ett sviktande pensionssystem är inte samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt på lång sikt, utan riskerar bara att flytta runt folk mellan olika ersättningssystem. Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att tjäna in vår pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån ålder eller antalet år sedan en person föddes då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De med kortare utbildningstid har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har också oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor.Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ekonomin är självklart viktigt för att vi ska vilja arbeta, men den är som sagt enbart en av flera faktorer med betydelse vårt arbetsliv.Hälsotillståndet, både det fysiska och det mentala, har en avgörande betydelse för hur länge och hur mycket vi orkar arbeta. Ett fysiskt och mentalt belastande arbete är en stark riskfaktor för en nedsatt hälsa i slutet av arbetslivet. Arbetstid, arbetstakt och möjlighet till återhämtning spelar en allt större roll ju äldre vi blir. Andra aspekter är arbetsinnehåll, hur meningsfulla och stimulerande arbetsuppgifterna är, balansen mellan arbete och familjesituation och fritidsaktiviteter. Organisationskultur, ledarskapet, stöd i arbetet och kompetens har stor betydelse för om vi ska kunna och vilja arbeta till en högre ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder.Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste därför utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas samt de attityder som är kopplade till ålder.
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| 3. |
- Barbu, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Dextran- versus crystalloid-based prime in cardiac surgery: A prospective randomized pilot study.
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Annals of thoracic surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1552-6259 .- 0003-4975. ; 110:5, s. 1541-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optimum priming fluid for the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit is still debated. We compared a new hyperoncotic priming solution containing dextran 40, which has an electrolyte composition that mimics extracellular fluid, with a standard crystalloid-based prime.Eighty cardiac surgery patients were included in this double-blind randomized single-centre study. The patients were randomized to either a dextran-based prime or a crystalloid prime containing Ringer acetate and mannitol. The primary endpoint was colloid oncotic pressure (COP) in serum during CPB. Secondary endpoints included fluid balance, bleeding and transfusion requirements, pulmonary function, hemolysis, systemic inflammation, and markers of renal, hepatic, myocardial, and brain injury. Blood samples were collected before, during, and after CPB.COP was higher in the dextran group than in the crystalloid prime group on CPB (18.8±2.9 vs. 16.4±2.9 mmHg, p<0.001) and 10 min after CPB (19.2±2.7 vs. 16.8±2.9 mmHg, p<0.001). Patients in the dextran group required less intravenous fluid during CPB (1090±499 vs. 1437±543 ml; p=0.003) and net fluid balance was less positive 12h after surgery (+1,431±741 vs. +1,901±922 ml; p=0.014). Plasma free hemoglobin was significantly lower in the dextran group 2h after CPB (0.18±0.11 vs 0.41±0.33, p=0.001). There were no significant differences in bleeding, transfusion requirements, organ function, systemic inflammation, or brain and myocardial injury markers between the groups at any time point.Our results suggest that a hyperoncotic dextran-based priming solution preserves intraoperative COP compared to crystalloid prime. Larger studies with clinically valid endpoints are necessary to evaluate hyperoncotic prime solutions further.
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| 4. |
- Barbu, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Serum biomarkers of brain injury after uncomplicated cardiac surgery: Secondary analysis from a randomized trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 66:4, s. 447-453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is common after cardiac surgery. Postoperative measurements of brain injury biomarkers may identify brain damage and predict cognitive dysfunction. We describe the release patterns of five brain injury markers in serum and plasma after uncomplicated cardiac surgery. Methods: Sixty-one elective cardiac surgery patients were randomized to undergo surgery with either a dextran-based prime or a crystalloid prime. Blood samples were taken immediately before surgery, and 2 and 24h after surgery. Concentrations of the brain injury biomarkers S100B, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), tau, neurofilament light (NfL) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE)) and the blood–brain barrier injury marker β-trace protein were analyzed. Concentrations of brain injury biomarkers were correlated to patients’ age, operation time, and degree of hemolysis. Results: No significant difference in brain injury biomarkers was observed between the prime groups. All brain injury biomarkers increased significantly after surgery (tau +456% (25th–75th percentile 327%−702%), NfL +57% (28%−87%), S100B +1145% (783%−2158%), GFAP +17% (−3%−43%), NSE +168% (106%−228%), while β-trace protein was reduced (−11% (−17−3%). Tau, S100B, and NSE peaked at 2h, NfL and GFAP at 24h. Postoperative concentrations of brain injury markers correlated to age, operation time, and/or hemolysis. Conclusion: Uncomplicated cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with an increase in serum/plasma levels of all the studied injury markers, without signs of blood–brain barrier injury. The biomarkers differ markedly in their levels of release and time course. Further investigations are required to study associations between perioperative release of biomarkers, postoperative cognitive function and clinical outcome. © 2022 The Authors. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Foundation.
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| 5. |
- Björk, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of diabetes mellitus and effect on mortality in adults with congenital heart disease
- 2024
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Worldwide, 1-2% of children are born with congenital heart disease (CHD) with 97% reaching adulthood. Objectives: This study aims to demonstrate the risk of diabetes in patients with CHD, and the influence of incident diabetes on mortality in CHD patients and controls. Methods: By combining data from patient registries, the incidence of adult -onset diabetes registered at age 35 or older, and subsequent mortality risk were analysed in two successive birth cohorts (born in 1930-1959 and 1960-1983), by type of CHD lesion and sex, compared with population -based controls matched for sex and year of birth and followed until a maximum of 87 years of age. Results: Out of 24,699 patients with CHD and 270,961 controls, 8.4% and 5.6%, respectively, were registered with a diagnosis of diabetes at the age of 35 or older, hazard ratio (HR) 1.47 (95% CI 1.40-1.54). The risk of diabetes was higher in the second birth cohort (HR of 1.74, 95% CI 1.54-1.95) and increased with complexity of CHD. After onset of DM, the total mortality among patients with CHD was 475 compared to 411/ 10,000 personyears among controls (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07-1.25). Conclusions: In this nationwide cohort of patients with CHD and controls, the incidence of diabetes was almost 50% higher in patients with CHD, with higher risk in the most recent birth cohort and in those with conotruncal defects, with the combination of CHD and diabetes associated with a significantly increased mortality compared to diabetic controls.
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| 6. |
- Björk, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus and effect on mortality in young patients with congenital heart defect – A nationwide cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273. ; 310, s. 58-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: 1% of all live born children are born with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and currently 95% reach adulthood. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease that can develop due to i.e. heredity, exposure to infections and stress-strain. The incidence of T1DM in patients with CHD is unknown and we analysed the risk of developing T1DM for patients with CHD, and how this influences mortality. Methods: By combining registries, the incidence of T1DM and the mortality was analysed in patients with CHD by birth cohort (1970–1993, 1970–1984 and 1984–1993) matched with population-based controls matched for sex, county and year of birth without CHD and followed from birth until a maximum of 42 years. Results: 221 patients with T1DM among 21,982 patients with CHD and 1553 patients with T1DM among 219,816 matched controls were identified. The hazard ratio (HR) for developing T1DM was 1.50 (95%, CI 1.31–1.73) in patients with CHD compared to the controls and the first birth cohort (1970–1984) had the highest risk for T1DM, HR 1.87 (95%, CI 1.56–2.24). After onset, mortality risk was 4.21 times higher (95%, CI 2.40–7.37) in patients with CHD and T1DM compared to controls with T1DM. Conclusion: From a nationwide cohort of patients with CHD and controls, the incidence of developing T1DM was 50% higher in patients with CHD, showing a significant increase in risk among birth cohort 1970–1984. The combination of CHD and T1DM was associated with a 4-fold increase in mortality compared to controls with only T1DM. © 2020
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| 7. |
- Björk, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors in patients with or without CHD: a case-control study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cardiology in the Young. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1047-9511 .- 1467-1107. ; 27:9, s. 1670-1677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Approximately 1% of children are born with CHD, and 90-95% reach adulthood. Increased exposure to infections and stress-strain can contribute to an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus. CHD may increase the risk of more serious infections, stress-strain, and increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: We analysed the onset of and the risk of mortality and morbidity associated with concurrent CHD in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus without CHD. The study combined data from the National Diabetes Register and the National Patient Register. Results: A total of 104 patients with CHD and type 1 diabetes mellitus were matched with 520 controls. Patients with CHD and type 1 diabetes mellitus had an earlier onset of diabetes (13.9 versus 17.4 years, p < 0.001), longer duration of diabetes (22.4 versus 18.1 years, p < 0.001), higher prevalence of retinopathy (64.0 versus 43.0%, p = 0.003), higher creatinine levels (83.5 versus 74.1 mu mol/L, p = 0.03), higher mortality (16 versus 5%, p = 0.002), and after onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus higher rates of co-morbidity (5.28 versus 3.18, p <= 0.01), heart failure (9 versus 2%, p = 0.02), and stroke (6 versus 2%, p = 0.048) compared with controls. Conclusions: From a nationwide register of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the coexistence of CHD and type 1 diabetes mellitus was associated with an earlier onset, a higher frequency of microvascular complications, co-morbidity, and mortality.
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| 8. |
- Björk, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Fibre-based strength aids for increased board stiffness
- 2019
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Ingår i: PaperCon 2019. - : TAPPI Press.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A pilot scale study has been made of the concept of adding fibre-based strength agents (fines enriched (FE)-pulp or highly refined (HR)-pulp) in a board middle ply containing chemithermomechanical bleached pulp (CTMP) in order to increase bending stiffness of the board while maintaining Z-strength. It has been demonstrated that the bending stiffness of a sheet consisting of a top ply and a CTMP based middle ply could be improved by increasing the CTMP fraction and preventing Z-strength loss via addition of a fibre based strength agent. Compared with the reference pulp, both Z-strength and bulk increased for three of the compositions, namely 65% CTMP with 5% strength agent of either FE or HR type and 85% CTMP with 10% HR-pulp. FE-pulp was found to be more efficient than HR-pulp concerning bending stiffness improvement. While the highly-refined fibres of the strength agents had a negative effect on the drainage resistance and press dryness, an increased share of CTMP increased the press dryness linearly. FE-pulp and HR-pulp had the same impact on press dryness. Press solids could be improved by approximately 2% without significantly reducing the bulk by increasing press loads.
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| 9. |
- Björk, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Fines-enriched pulp as a strength agent in a CTMP middle ply
- 2018
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Ingår i: PaperCon 2018. - : TAPPI. - 9781595102683 ; , s. 741-760
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this pilot scale trial, was to evaluate fines-enriched pulp (FE-pulp) as a strength agent in amiddle ply of a board product.A typical CTMP-based middle ply was produced on the FEX pilot paper machine. The stock consisted of CTMP,refined hardwood and softwood pulp, and filler. FE-pulp as strength agent was compared with glue pulp, ahighly refined chemical pulp. FEX sheets and hand sheets made of pulp mixtures were evaluated. Also, thedewatering and pressing conditions on the paper machine were compared.The results confirmed the results of earlier experiments with handsheets; FE-pulp used as strength agent showedto be twice as efficient as glue pulp regarding strength properties without impairing the bulk. Further, thedewatering conditions and press dryness's on the paper machine was comparable at these additions. Thus, allthese results imply that addition of FE-pulp can replace the double amount of glue pulp as a strength agent.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Björk, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Production of a fine fraction using micro-perforated screens
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 35:4, s. 611-620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective for this work was to investigate the possibility to use a pressure screen equipped with a micro-perforated screen basket to produce a fine fraction from bleached chemical pulp. Trials were performed with unrefined bleached chemical hardwood pulp, and with unrefined and refined bleached chemical softwood pulp. The effect of feed concentration, feed flow, and volumetric fine fraction flow was evaluated. The difference between the fine fraction (i. e. the particles passing the screen) and the feed was analysed by studying the fibre morphology. The results showed that high feed concentration was positive for both the fine fraction concentration and the separation efficiency. A higher fine fraction concentration was also obtained when using hardwood pulp, which was explained by the shorter fibre length. Refining of the pulp prior to the fractionation proved beneficial, as a larger share of the refined pulp passed the screen, resulting in a twice as high concentration of the fine fraction when compared to unrefined pulp.
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| 13. |
- Björk, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Production of pulps with an extremely high fines content for use as strength agent
- 2018
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Ingår i: PaperCon 2018. - : TAPPI. - 9781595102683
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to optimize the production of fines-enriched pulp (FE-pulp) from chemical pulp.The first trial was a continuous production of FE-pulp with unbleached and bleached never-dried softwood. Thepulp was refined using a JC00 equipped with SF filling, and screened with a micro-perforated screen basket with250 μm diameter holes, but the produced FE-pulp got low concentration, below 3 g/l.The second trial aimed at optimised conditions, using dried bleached softwood. Three fillings, microbar, AA andFF were evaluated in a JC01 refiner, where microbar was most energy efficient. Microbar and AA reachedtargeted FE-pulp concentration, 10 g/l. The refined pulps were screened with different hole diameters, where, asexpected, larger hole diameters resulted in higher concentration but also lower fines content in the FE-pulps.The last trial, the microbar filling was evaluated for never-dried softwood pulp, unbleached and bleached. Now,the refining of unbleached softwood gave 3 times more fines per kWh/ton compared with first trial.These trials demonstrated the importance of the right refining conditions regarding effect of refiner and type offilling to achieve glue-pulp with high enough fines content. With the right conditions, it was possible to produceFE-pulp with high concentration at moderate energy consumption.
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| 14. |
- Björk, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Usage of Fines-enriched pulp to increase strength in CTMP
- 2017
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Ingår i: Paper Conference and Trade Show, PaperCon 2017. - : TAPPI Press. - 9781510847286 ; , s. 1607-1631
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fines-enriched pulp (FE-pulp) was benchmarked against glue pulp as strength agent in eucalypt CTMP. FE-pulp was produced by combining high intensity multiple-pass refining with a fractionation in a microperforated screen basket. The fraction passing through the holes of the screen is the FE-pulp. The FE-pulp comprises of secondary fines, created in the refiner, and flexible, fibrillated highly-refined fibres or fibre fragments. Glue pulp is highly refined kraft pulp, commonly added as a strength agent in middle plies of board products, or between plies to increase the plybond. Equal amounts of FE-pulp and glue pulp were added to the original CTMP as well as to washed CTMP, where most of the CTMP-fines had been removed. The effects of the strength agents were evaluated using laboratory sheets. Both glue pulp and FE-pulp increased the strength of the CTMP sheets. The bulk of the sheets decreased however. When 5 % FE-pulp was added, the tensile index increased by more than 50 %, and the tensile energy absorption and z-strength increased by more than 100 %. FE-pulp proved to be twice as effective as glue pulp. The addition of 5 % FE-pulp resulted in the same relative strength increase as an addition of 10 % glue pulp. The washed CTMP lost all strength when the CTMP-fines content was reduced from 17 % to 3% through washing. The addition of 5 % FE-pulp restored the strength values, and at a higher bulk. The drainability in terms of CSF of that stock was much higher when compared to the original pulp.
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| 15. |
- Björk, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Use of fines-enriched chemical pulp to increase CTMP strength
- 2021
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Ingår i: TAPPI Journal. - : TAPPI Press. - 0734-1415. ; 20:4, s. 255-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, fines-enriched pulp (FE-pulp)-the fine fraction of highly-refined kraft pulp-was benchmarked against highly-refined kraft pulp (HRK-pulp) as a strength agent in eucalyptus chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP). Both the FE-pulp and the HRK-pulp were produced from unbleached softwood kraft pulp, and equal amounts of those strength agents were added to the original CTMP, as well as to washed CTMP, where most of the fines had been removed. The effects of the added strength agents were evaluated with laboratory handsheets. The FE-pulp proved to be twice as effective as HRK-pulp. Both HRK-pulp and FE-pulp increased the strength of the CTMP handsheets. The bulk of the handsheets decreased, however, as well as the drainability. The addition of 5% FE-pulp resulted in the same strength increase as an addition of 10% HRK-pulp, as well as the same decrease in bulk and CSF. For the handsheets of washed CTMP, the strengths were not measurable; the CTMP lost the sheet strength when the CTMP-fines content was reduced through washing. The reduced strength properties were compensated for by the addition of chemical pulp fines that proved to be an efficient strength agent. The addition of 5% FE-pulp restored the strength values, and at a higher bulk and higher drainability. Application: In this study, we show how the strength of a CTMP sheet can be improved by adding fine material from kraft pulp.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Diagnostikstudier bör följa internationella riktlinjer : Planering och utvärdering kräver teoretiska och praktiska överväganden.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 110:11, s. 562-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Planering, genomförande, rapportering och kritisk granskning av diagnostikstudier bör följa internationella riktlinjer, de sk STARD- och QUADAS-kriterierna, så att resultatens giltighet och generaliserbarhet går att bedöma. Basala kvalitetskriterier omfattar bla adekvat beskrivning av studiedesign, inklusions- och exklusionskriterier, patientkarakteristika, utförande av index- och referenstest inklusive eventuell blindning vid bedömning av testresultaten. Resultatet av indextestet för klassificering av individer som friska eller sjuka ska redovisas i en korstabell, tillsammans med sensitivitet, specificitet och prediktiva värden samt konfidensintervall som beskriver den statistiska osäkerheten. Jämförelser av diagnostisk tillförlitlighet mellan olika indextest ska underbyggas med adekvata statistiska metoder. Utöver diagnostisk tillförlitlighet är det viktigt att också utvärdera patientnyttan, dvs hur förändrad diagnostik påverkar morbiditet och mortalitet, samt hälsoekonomiska aspekter.
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| 18. |
- Björk, Kaj-Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Solving large-scale retrofit heat exchanger network synthesis problems with mathematical optimization methods
- 2005
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification. - : Elsevier BV. - 0255-2701. ; 44:8, s. 869-876
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heat exchanger network optimization is a standard problem in process design. Various mathematical models and heuristics have beendeveloped to help the designer in constructing the network. Different target procedures, like the pinch analysis, are widely used both inacademia and industry. Another approach to find cost optimal network structures is to use mathematical programming methods. The advantagewith mathematical programming methods is that a rigorous optimization of the structure, sizes of heat exchangers and utility usage can becarried out, whereas the designer makes these decisions if purely pinch-based tools are used.Even if much effort has been put on research within this area, many of the mathematical models consider only grassroot design, whereasmost practical cases today seem to be retrofit situations. In addition, these models are likely to be either rigorous but not solvable for bigger(large-scale, real life examples) or deficient and solvable for large-scale problems. This paper takes an attempt to address these problemssimultaneously and to develop a rigorous optimization framework based on both a genetic algorithm and a deterministic MINLP-approachand to present an extended model for large-scale retrofit heat exchanger network design problems.
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| 19. |
- Björk, Kaj-Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Some convexifications in global optimization of problems containing signomial terms
- 2003
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Ingår i: Computers and Chemical Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0098-1354 .- 1873-4375. ; 27:5, s. 669-679
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is often possible to use different convexification techniques with different transformations in global optimization. In 'Optimization Eng. (submitted for publication)', a new global optimization technique based on convexifying signomial terms is presented. The technique is based on the solution of a sequence of convexified approximate subproblems. The choice of transformation functions is clearly essential. It is not enough to use convexifications that will result in convex and underestimating problems, if an effective optimization approach is wanted. The transformations should be such that they make the resulting problems convex but at the same time do not change the problem more than necessary. It will be shown in this article that for certain problems the choice of transformations has a clear influence on the efficiency of the proposed optimization approach. Using other transformations than what is proposed in 'Optimization Eng. (submitted for publication)' will, in some examples, give solution times that are shorter by an order of magnitude. The concept of power convex functions (Generalized Concavity Optimization Econ. (1981) 153) will be used as a measure of the quality of the transformations. In this paper, the new transformation functions are also shown to be very successful in a heat exchanger network synthesis application. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Björk, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
-
Amino-Acid Side-Chain Nanoarchitectonics for Tuning the Chiroptical Properties and Supramolecular Structure of Pentameric Oligothiophenes
- 2024
-
Ingår i: ChemPhotoChem. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2367-0932.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oligothiophenes with specific photophysical properties and molecular organization are of great interest, since this class of materials are used in organic electronics and bioelectronics, as well as biosensing. Herein, 8 different pentameric oligothiophenes, denoted proteophenes, with different amino acid substitution patterns at distinct positions along the thiophene backbone were investigated. Spectroscopic and microscopic studies of the ligands revealed the formation of optically active self-assembled materials under acidic or basic conditions. The distinct photophysical characteristics, including induced circular dichroism, as well as the supramolecular structures of the assemblies deduced from light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, were highly influenced by the positioning of distinct amino acid moieties along the thiophene backbone. Proteophenes functionalized with only glutamate residues or these functionalities in combination with hydrophobic valine moieties formed fibrillar structures with excellent chiroptical properties under acidic conditions. In addition, the amino acid functionality at the beta-position of distinct thiophene moieties influenced the induced circular dichroism pattern observed from the proteophenes. Overall, the obtained results demonstrate how changes in the position of various amino acid functionalities, as well as the chemical nature of the amino acid side chain functionality greatly affect the optical properties as well as the architecture of the self-assembled materials. Self-assembled Proteophenes. Oligothiophenes with distinct amino acid side-chain functionalities along the conjugated backbone displayed distinct chiroptical and structural properties in acidic or alkaline solutions. The distinct photophysical characteristics, as well as the supramolecular structures of the assemblies were highly influenced by the chemical nature of the amino acid, as well as the positioning of distinct amino acid moieties along the thiophene backbone.image
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| 21. |
- Björk, Mikael, 1957-
(författare)
-
Ecological and physiological aspects of contaminant accumulation and transport by the filter-feeding mussel, Mytilus edulis
- 1998
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines the influence of food availability on the bioaccumulation kinetics and the transport of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) by the Baltic Sea blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. In laboratory studies, food availability was found to significantly modify the rate of physiological processes involved in filter-feeding. This also influenced the rate of exposure to HOCs as determined by the amount of HOCs associated with the flux of water and food. The uptake rate of HOCs by the mussels was found to be positively related to the exposure rate, whereas HOC elimination appeared to be unaffected by differences in food availability. However, the amount of HOCs assimilated declined with increases in the exposure rate, and the largest increase in HOC tissue concentrations was found at an intermediate food availability.The role of the blue mussel in the cycling of carbon and HOCs was also investigated in the field and by a modelling approach. As filter-feeders the mussels consume near-bed suspended particulate organic matter that, in contaminated areas, contains high concentrations of HOCs. Filter-feeding activity and the subsequent release of faecal matter by the mussels increased the vertical flux of HOCs from the water column to the benthic community by at least 50% in the study area. Other significant routes of HOC transport by mussels in the coastal zone of the Baltic proper include transfer to predators, elimination of dissolved HOC, and elimination via spawning and transfer to zooplanktivores, as indicated in the established annual budget models.It is concluded that the filter-feeding activity of the mussels have a significant influence on HOC fluxes within both the organism and the ecosystem. The findings presented here emphasise the role of animal physiology in contaminant kinetics and have important implications for the experimental design and interpretation of laboratory bioaccumulation and toxicity studies, as well as field sampling and marine monitoring programmes.
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| 22. |
- Björk, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Efficiencies of polychlorinated biphenyl assimilation from water and algal food by the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0730-7268 .- 1552-8618. ; 18:4, s. 765-771
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel method was used to estimate assimilation efficiencies (AEs) of dissolved and food associated PCBs (IUPAC 31, 49, and 153) by the Baltic Sea blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). Mussels were exposed to radiolabeled PCBs in a series of shortterm toxicokinetic experiments at different algal food concentrations, both at apparent steady-state (ASS) and non-steady-state (NSS) conditions in respect to PCB partitioning between water and algae. The PCB AEs were calculated using a physiologically based bioaccumulation model where experimentally determined uptake and exposure rates at ASS and NSS conditions were combined into linear equation systems, which were solved for PCB AE from water and food. A positive relationship between PCB uptake and algae clearance by the mussels was observed for all three PCBs. The PCB AEs from both water and food increased with congener hydrophobicity (octanol/water partition coefficient [K-ow]), but AEs decreased with increases in water pumping and filtration rate of the mussels, respectively. The average contribution of food-associated PCB to the total uptake also increased with K-ow from approximately 30% for PCB 31 and PCB 49 to 50% for PCB 153, mainly as a consequence of increased sorption to the algal food.
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| 23. |
- Björk, Mikael
(författare)
-
Electron Transport in Semiconductor Nanowires
- 2004
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, semiconductor nanowires are studied from the point of view of growth and electrical properties. The growth of nanowires is done by chemical beam epitaxy (CBE), an ultra-high vacuum technique allowing a precise control of precursor deposition and low growth rates. In conventional epitaxy, growth is usually two or three- dimensional, depending on growth conditions and material combinations. Here we have used Au metal particles to catalyze one-dimensional growth perpendicular to the substrate surface. By switching the sources during growth, heterojunctions can be formed inside the wires. We have studied the InAs/InP system, which has a sufficiently high lattice mismatch to prevent defect free growth in conventional geometries. However, due to the small diameter of the wires, usually 20-70 nm, the strain can be accomodated by lateral relaxation within a few atomic layers without forming dislocations. Therefore nanowires offer an extended opportunity for bandgap engineering and open prospects for designed quantum components inside nanowires. Electrical measurements on homogeneous InAs nanowires have been performed as a function of applied source-drain voltage, Fermi level position, temperature, and magnetic field. The wires are n-type and function as field effect transistors at room temperature. Magneto-transport measurements at low temperatures showed a crossover from weak localization to weak anti-localization as the Fermi level increases. From the data, elastic scattering length, phase coherence length and spin scattering length were determined to roughly 80, 250, and 200 nm respectively. Finally, measurements on InAs wires containing InP segments have been performed with emphasis on single segments and double barriers. A thick InP potential barrier effectively blocks tunneling at low temperature and bias voltage. Thermal excitation over the barrier was used to deduce a 600 meV high barrier for the electrons. Finally different double barrier structures with varying quantum dot length were fabricated. Large dots where the energy level spacing is much smaller than the charging energy resulted in single electron transistors. As the dot length is reduced, the influence of the energy level spacing becomes more important, and at a dot size of 10 nm the quantum dot is completely empty of electrons. By applying a positive gate voltage electrons can then be added to the dot one by one. The filling of the dot results in a shell structure due to spin and orbital degeneracies of the system. These devices also function as resonant tunneling transistors.
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| 24. |
- Björk, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Few-electron quantum dots in nanowires
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6992 .- 1530-6984. ; 4:9, s. 1621-1625
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate transport spectroscopy on bottom-up grown few-electron quantum dots in semiconductor nanowires. The dots are defined by InP double barrier heterostructures in InAs nanowires catalytically grown from nanoparticles. By changing the dot size, we can design devices ranging from single-electron transistors to few-electron quantum dots. In the latter case, electrons can be added one by one to the dots from 0 to similar to50 electrons while maintaining an almost constant charging energy, with addition spectra of the devices displaying shell structures as a result of spin and orbital degeneracies. The reduced dimensionality of the nanowire emitter gives rise to pronounced resonant tunneling peaks, where a gate can be used to control the peak positions.
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| 25. |
- Björk, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Heterostructures in one-dimensional nanowires
- 2002
-
Ingår i: 7th International Conference on Nanometer-Scale Science and Technology and 21st European Conference on Surface Science.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemical beam epitaxy has been used to grow III/V nanowires seeded from size selected Au aerosol particles. Both chemically uniform InAs wires as well as InAs wires containing one or several heterostructure interfaces were grown. The interfaces were characterized in a transmission electron microscope revealing atomically sharp interfaces and also that, barriers as thin as only 2-3 monolayers and up to several hundred nanometer could be inserted into homogenous InAs wires. Further more, electrical measurements on both homogenous wires and wires containing heterostructures have been performed to investigate the functionality of nanowire based device elements
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| 26. |
- Björk, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
In situ determination of PCB biodeposition by Mytilus edulis in a Baltic coastal ecosystem
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Marine Ecology Progress Series. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 194, s. 193-201
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biodeposits of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis and pelagic and near-bed settling particulate matter were collected in situ over a 1 yr period in a coastal area of the Northern Baltic proper. The amounts of carbon and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) in the collected biodeposits were compared to those in pelagic and near-bed settling material and rates of carbon and PCB biodeposition by mussels were estimated. The filter-feeding activity and subsequent release of faecal matter by the mussels increased gross sedimentation of carbon to benthos by 45 % if compared to areas with no mussels. By selectively feeding on particles rich in organic carbon the mussels also concentrated associated contaminants and thereby increased gross sedimentation of PCBs by 50 %. This suggests that mussel biodeposition will enhance the availability of PCBs to benthic deposit feeders living in or in the vicinity of mussel beds. Extrapolation of the experimental results to the total Swedish coastal zone of the Baltic proper indicates that mussel biodeposition is responsible for a significant part of PCB net sedimentation, i.e. 17 % or 96 kg yr(-1). Consequently, even when seen from a large geographical scale, mussels are important modifiers of PCB cycling by directing considerable amounts of PCBs towards the benthic food web and thereby influencing the retention time of these and probably many other contaminants in the coastal zone. It is also Likely that changes in mussel biomass, for example owing to shifts in primary production or salinity, will markedly affect the transport and fate of contaminants in the Baltic Sea.
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| 27. |
- Björk, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Marinarkeologisk undersökning och dokumentation av skeppsvraket Constantia : RAÄ Torhamn 96 (L1978:1899)
- 2024
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Blekinge museum har på uppdrag av Länsstyrelsen i Blekinge undersökt och dokumenterat vraket efter flöjtskeppet Constantia (1676), beläget öster om Inlängan i Blekinge skärgård. Lämningen dokumenterades genom fotogrammetri och manuell uppmätning. Därutöver sågades fem prov för dendrokronologisk analys och ett fyra tegelstenar bärgades för ICP-analys. Området runt vraket metalldetekterades och flera större utslag noterades, möjligtvis kanoner. På lämningen påträffades en träsked samt flera metallfragment från en klocka vilka skyddsbärgades efter samråd med Länsstyrelsen. Undersökningen visar att lämningen trots sitt nedbrutna tillstånd innehåller flera välbevarade och orörda arkeologiska kontexter vilka kan ge en unik inblick i livet ombord på ett krigsfartyg under stormaktstiden och inte minst användningen av bestyckade handelsfartyg. Därutöver illustrerar hela händelseförloppet kring Constantias förlisning på det strategiska behovet av en flottbas i södra Östersjön, ett behov som Karlskrona därefter kommit att tillgodose.
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| 28. |
- Björk, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Nanowire resonant tunneling diodes
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 81:23, s. 4458-4460
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semiconductor heterostructures and their implementation into electronic and photonic devices have had tremendous impact on science and technology. In the development of quantum nanoelectronics, one-dimensional (1D) heterostructure devices are receiving a lot of interest. We report here functional 1D resonant tunneling diodes obtained via bottom-up assembly of designed segments of different semiconductor materials in III/V nanowires. The emitter, collector, and the central quantum dot are made from InAs and the barrier material from InP. Ideal resonant tunneling behavior, with peak-to-valley ratios of up to 50:1 and current densities of 1 nA/mum(2) was observed at low temperatures. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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| 29. |
- Björk, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
One-dimensional heterostructures in semiconductor nanowhiskers
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 80:6, s. 1058-1060
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the growth of designed heterostructures placed within semiconductor nanowhiskers, exemplified by the InAs/InP material system. Based on transmission electron microscopy, we deduce the interfaces between InAs and InP to be atomically sharp. Electrical measurements of thermionic emission across an 80-nm-wide InP heterobarrier, positioned inside InAs whiskers 40 nm in diameter, yield a barrier height of 0.6 eV. On the basis of these results, we propose new branches of physics phenomena as well as new families of device structures that will now be possible to realize and explore.
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| 30. |
- Björk, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
One-dimensional steeplechase for electrons realized
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6992 .- 1530-6984. ; 2:2, s. 87-89
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report growth of one-dimensional semiconductor nanocrystals, nanowhiskers, in which segments of the whisker with different composition are formed, illustrated by InAs whiskers containing segments of InP. Our conditions for growth allow the formation of abrupt interfaces and heterostructure barriers of thickness from a few monolayers to 100s of nanometers, thus creating a one-dimensional landscape along which the electrons move. The crystalline perfection, the quality of the interfaces, and the variation in the lattice constant are demonstrated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and the conduction band off-set of 0.6 eV is deduced from the current due to thermal excitation of electrons over an InP barrier.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Björk, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Pods, flipped classroom and student active learning in higher education
- 2014
-
Ingår i: ICED 2014, Educational Development in a Changing World. ; , s. 263-264
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract Summary: A workshop aiming to share experiences made concerning the idea of the Flipped Classroom as well as ICT and Learning within higher education, and in relation to the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning. Participants will be given an insight to the authors’ experiences of facilitating student active learning in an introductory course to SOTL and the scholarly and didactic considerations behind it. Abstract text: Content We aim to share experiences made concerning the idea of the flipped classroom and ICT and learning as a valuable way of working within higher education and in relation to the scholarship of teaching and learning. Based on experiences made during the course "Akademiskt lärarskap", 5 credits, the authors aim to recreate a typical (one day) course session with a focus on student active learning, the idea of the "flipped classroom" and mediating learning. Scholarly basis A scholarly point of departure in our course and the workshop, draws on the idea of the “flipped classroom” where research indicates that podcasts used in the ”flipped classroom way” can be an effective way of personalising the learning experience in especially on-line courses (cf. Bolliger et al, 2010; Spies, 2011). The characteristics of podcasting increase the impression of permanent contact between students and teachers and allows for a diverse range of student skills and learning methods. Even if podcasting can be a powerful tool it should serve as a complement to the traditional resources on a course (Fernandez et al, 2009). To conclude, when podcasts are presented to students, they tend to use them as a means towards better understanding (Mc Garr, 2009) Another scholarly basis is the theoretical concept “Designs for learning” that highlights the material and temporal conditions for learning as in for example learning resources, buildings, classrooms and curriculum. However, there can also be a focus on designs in learning – highlighting the whole learning process of an individual, as a learner designs his or her way, choosing apt resources to transform her understanding into new representations. In this theoretical context communication and representation are seen as a social process of sign-making. The perspective also stresses participants’ creation and production (Selander & Kress, 2010). The design oriented perspective can be used as a tool for understanding learning, recognition of learning and the conditions for learning in higher education today (Leijon & Lindstrand, 2012). Closely connected to the design oriented perspective is the idea that working with media increases motivation, encouraging both activity and cooperation in a learning situation. Working with different media forms such as sound and moving images allow participants to avail themselves of a variety of types of texts, with different affordances, and to use them as resources in a learning process (cf. Leijon, 2010). Session outline Participants will be given an insight to the authors’ experiences of student active learning in the course “Akademiskt lärarskap” through a podcast presenting the course structure and the scholarly and didactic considerations behind it. The pod gives the group a common ground for a brain-storm aiming to a) produce further questions and b) gather experiences regarding the subject of student centered teaching and learning activities. By basis of interest the participants will be divided into smaller constellations which will then be given the task of mediating their questions and/or experiences through the production of analogue or digital posters. The posters will be presented within the workshop session and a brief discussion on the process and session topic will round off the workshop. - Pod/introduction - 10 minutes - Brain-storm - 20 - Group work - 20 - Mediating questions and/or experiences - 20 - Presentation - 10 - Final discussion - 10 Expected outcomes Participants partaking in the workshop will be expected to: • Reflect upon the benefits and consequences of student active teaching and learning activities. • Gain hands-on experience of a “Flipped classroom” process in a higher education setting. Discuss the podcast and the idea of mediating knowledge as resource for learning.
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| 34. |
- Björk, Mikael
(författare)
-
Quantum transport in nanowires
- 2004
-
Ingår i: NSF/SSF Workshop on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Lund, Sweden (2004).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Björk, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Tunable effective g factor in InAs nanowire quantum dots
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 72:20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report tunneling spectroscopy measurements of the Zeeman spin splitting in InAs few-electron quantum dots. The dots are formed between two InP barriers in InAs nanowires with a wurtzite crystal structure grown using chemical beam epitaxy. The values of the electron g factors of the first few electrons entering the dot are found to strongly depend on dot size. They range from close to the InAs bulk value in large dots vertical bar g(*)vertical bar=13 down to vertical bar g(*)vertical bar=2.3 for the smallest dots.
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| 39. |
- Björk, Mathilda, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Validation and internal consistency of the Swedish version of the Valued Life Activities scale.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Clinical Rehabilitation. - : SAGE Publications. - 0269-2155 .- 1477-0873. ; 30:12, s. 1211-1219
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The objective was to create a linguistically and culturally validated Swedish version of the Valued Life Activities scale. The aim was also to describe its content and concurrent validity and its internal consistency in persons with rheumatoid arthritis.METHODS: The Valued Life Activities scale was translated to Swedish and culturally adapted. In order to describe the content validity, both the Swedish and original Valued Life Activities scale were linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. The concurrent validity and internal consistency were evaluated in 737 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. To establish concurrent validity, the scale was correlated to disease activity, activity limitations, and life satisfaction. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's alpha.RESULTS: The equivalence of meaning between the Swedish and the original Valued Life Activities scale was ensured by harmonization review. Content validity was high when linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Concurrent validity showed a strong correlation with the activity limitations (r = 0.87), moderate with life satisfaction (r = -0.61), and weak with disease activity (r = 0.38). Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.97).CONCLUSIONS: The Swedish Valued Life Activities scale has been tested in a large and well-characterized sample and found to be a linguistically valid and culturally adapted self-reported measure of participation. Content validity of the Valued Life Activities scale was excellent, concurrent validity strong, and the internal consistency excellent. Since both individual preferences and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health concepts of disability are taken into account, the Swedish Valued Life Activities scale appears to be a promising new scale addressing important aspects of participation.
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| 40. |
- Bleszynski-Jayich, Ania C., et al.
(författare)
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Imaging a one-electron InAs quantum dot in an InAs/InP nanowire
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 77:24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanowire heterostructures define high-quality few-electron quantum dots for nanoelectronics, spintronics, and quantum information processing. We use a cooled scanning probe microscope (SPM) to image and control an InAs quantum dot in an InAs/InP nanowire using the tip as a movable gate. Images of dot conductance vs tip position at T=4.2 K show concentric rings as electrons are added, starting with the first electron. The SPM can locate a dot along a nanowire and individually tune its charge, abilities that will be very useful for the control of coupled nanowire dots.
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| 41. |
- Borgström, Magnus T., et al.
(författare)
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Towards Nanowire Tandem Junction Solar Cells on Silicon
- 2018
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics. - 2156-3381. ; 8:3, s. 733-740
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of photovoltaics as a serious means of producing renewable energy has accelerated greatly in the last ten years, with prices for silicon-based solar cell systems dropping dramatically in the last few years. The next great opportunity for photovoltaics following this competitiveness in prices will be to enhance the cell and panel efficiencies. It is quite generally seen that the most viable platform on which this should be realized will be as augmented silicon solar cells, in which a top cell will be combined with the silicon bottom cell in a tandem configuration, by which the efficiency can be enhanced by a factor from 20% to 50%, depending on details of the approach. In this paper, we report on the status of one such approach, namely, with a top cell comprising III-V nanowires, connected to the bottom silicon cell in a two-terminal or four-terminal configuration. Among the most important opportunities, we show that a substrate-free growth, called Aerotaxy, offers a radical reduction in the total price picture. Besides the description of the key technical approaches, we also discuss the environmental issues.
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| 42. |
- Byström, Anders S, et al.
(författare)
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The nucleotide sequence of an Escherichia coli operon containing genes for the tRNA(m1G)methyltransferase, the ribosomal proteins S16 and L19 and a 21-K polypeptide
- 1983
-
Ingår i: EMBO Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0261-4189 .- 1460-2075. ; 2:6, s. 899-905
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nucleotide sequence of a 4.6-kb SalI-EcoRI DNA fragment including the trmD operon, located at min 56 on the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome, has been determined. The trmD operon encodes four polypeptides: ribosomal protein S16 (rpsP), 21-K polypeptide (unknown function), tRNA-(m1G)methyltransferase (trmD) and ribosomal protein L19 (rplS), in that order. In addition, the 4.6-kb DNA fragment encodes a 48-K and a 16-K polypeptide of unknown functions which are not part of the trmD operon. The mol. wt. of tRNA(m1G)methyltransferase determined from the DNA sequence is 28 424. The probable locations of promoter and terminator of the trmD operon are suggested. The translational start of the trmD gene was deduced from the known NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme. The intercistronic regions in the operon vary from 9 to 40 nucleotides, supporting the earlier conclusion that the four genes are co-transcribed, starting at the major promoter in front of the rpsP gene. Since it is known that ribosomal proteins are present at 8000 molecules/genome and the tRNA-(m1G)methyltransferase at only approximately 80 molecules/genome in a glucose minimal culture, some powerful regulatory device must exist in this operon to maintain this non-coordinate expression. The codon usage of the two ribosomal protein genes is similar to that of other ribosomal protein genes, i.e., high preference for the most abundant tRNA isoaccepting species. The trmD gene has a codon usage typical for a protein made in low amount in accordance with the low number of tRNA-(m1G)methyltransferase molecules found in the cell.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- de la Torre, M., et al.
(författare)
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Elevated expression of estramustine binding protein (EMBP) in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) compared with malignant and benign prostatic epithelia
- 1994
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 25:3, s. 125-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The expression of estramustine-binding protein (EMBP) was studied immunohistochemically in whole-mount prostate sections. Specimens were taken from the prostates of 15 patients who had undergone total prostatectomy due to localized (TOd-T2 NO MO) prostatic cancer (PC). Almost all the examined whole-mount sections displayed areas with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). PIN is regarded as the main precursor of invasive PC. High- and low-grade PIN expressed EMBP. The average positively stained areas accounted for averages of 69.2% and 48.7%, respectively. High-grade PIN contained the highest EMBP levels of all the investigated (benign and malignant) epithelia, followed by moderately differentiated PC. With regard to areas with PC, the highest levels of EMBP expression (61.3%) were observed in moderately differentiated PC; poorly differentiated PC came second. Of all the examined epithelia, EMBP levels were lowest in well-differentiated PC (25.8%). Normal prostatic epithelia and hyperplasia were characterized by low EMBP expression, although somewhat higher than well-differentiated PC. A moderate expression (45%) was observed in the seminal vesicles. According to these results, EMBP was expressed mainly in the diseased peripheral zone (PZ), where PIN and prostatic cancer have their highest prevalence.
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| 45. |
- Dellborg, Mikael, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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High mortality and morbidity among adults with congenital heart disease and type 2 diabetes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - 1401-7431. ; 49:6, s. 344-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. With improving prognosis the prevalence of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) is increasing. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a shorter life expectancy compared with the general population. We investigated, in a large national diabetes registry, the prevalence of ACHD in combination with T2DM to estimate the associated clinical risk, outcome and patient characteristics. Design. Data from the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR) were linked with the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR) and the Cause of Death Register. Results. 833 ACHD patients were matched with 5 controls each. ACHD patients had significantly lower body mass index or BMI, higher creatinine and were more sedentary as compared with patients with T2DM but without congenital heart disease. The overall mortality was 26.2% for ACHD patients as compared with 19.9% (P < 0.001) for the control group, and five-year mortality rates were 5.2 versus 3.4%, P = 0.014. Conclusions. Congenital heart disease and secondary risk factors for cardiovascular disease frequently coexist and the development of T2DM also in the ACHD population is not uncommon with an estimated prevalence of between 4 and 8%. Treatment of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with congenital heart disease could be considered secondary prevention given the relatively high morbidity and high risk for mortality observed in patients with the combination of ACHD and T2DM. © 2015 Informa Healthcare.
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| 46. |
- Deppert, Knut, et al.
(författare)
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Epitaxielle Kristallnadeln und -bäume
- 2005
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Ingår i: Book of abstracts: DGKK-Jahrestagung, Köln, Germany (2005).
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Dick Thelander, Kimberly, et al.
(författare)
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Self-assembled InAs nanowire networks
- 2005
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Ingår i: Book of extended abstracts: MRS Fall Meet, Boston, Ma, USA, 2005.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Fasth, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Tunable double quantum dots in InAs nanowires defined by local gate electrodes
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6992 .- 1530-6984. ; 5:7, s. 1487-1490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on low-temperature transport measurements on single and double quantum dots defined using local gates to electrostatically deplete InAs nanowires grown by chemical beam epitaxy. This technique allows us to define multiple quantum dots along a semiconducting nanowire and tune the coupling between them.
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