| 1. |
- Björkman, Anne, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 562:7725, s. 57-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits both across space and over three decades of warming at 117 tundra locations. Spatial temperature–trait relationships were generally strong but soil moisture had a marked influence on the strength and direction of these relationships, highlighting the potentially important influence of changes in water availability on future trait shifts in tundra plant communities. Community height increased with warming across all sites over the past three decades, but other traits lagged far behind predicted rates of change. Our findings highlight the challenge of using space-for-time substitution to predict the functional consequences of future warming and suggest that functions that are tied closely to plant height will experience the most rapid change. They also reveal the strength with which environmental factors shape biotic communities at the coldest extremes of the planet and will help to improve projections of functional changes in tundra ecosystems with climate warming.
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| 2. |
- Thul, Peter J., et al.
(författare)
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A subcellular map of the human proteome
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 356:6340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resolving the spatial distribution of the human proteome at a subcellular level can greatly increase our understanding of human biology and disease. Here we present a comprehensive image-based map of subcellular protein distribution, the Cell Atlas, built by integrating transcriptomics and antibody-based immunofluorescence microscopy with validation by mass spectrometry. Mapping the in situ localization of 12,003 human proteins at a single-cell level to 30 subcellular structures enabled the definition of the proteomes of 13 major organelles. Exploration of the proteomes revealed single-cell variations in abundance or spatial distribution and localization of about half of the proteins to multiple compartments. This subcellular map can be used to refine existing protein-protein interaction networks and provides an important resource to deconvolute the highly complex architecture of the human cell.
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| 3. |
- Ballin, Marcel, et al.
(författare)
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Digital exercise interventions for improving measures of central obesity : a systematic review
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Public Health. - : Springer Nature. - 1661-8556 .- 1661-8564. ; 65:5, s. 593-605
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: We aimed to systematically review the potential benefits of digital exercise interventions for improving measures of central obesity including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and anthropometric surrogates for VAT in overweight or centrally obese adults aged 18 or over.Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in three databases up until March 2020 (PROSPERO registration nr CRD42019126764).Results: N = 5 studies including 438 participants (age 48–80) with body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 met the eligibility criteria and were included. The duration of the interventions ranged from 8 to 24 weeks. No study measured the primary outcome VAT, although in N = 4 studies, waist circumference (WC) decreased by between 1.3 and 5.6 cm in the intervention groups.Conclusions: This systematic review shows that there is no evidence for the effects of digital exercise on VAT, although digital exercise may decrease WC. These findings highlight the need for additional randomized controlled trials to confirm the findings with respect to WC, and to further investigate the effects of digital exercise on VAT. Together, this may have important implications for reducing the burden of physical inactivity and obesity.
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| 4. |
- Ballin, Marcel, et al.
(författare)
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Web-based exercise versus supervised exercise for decreasing visceral adipose tissue in older adults with central obesity : a randomized controlled trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2318. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease and increases with age. While supervised exercise (SE) may be an effective approach, web-based exercise (WE) have other advantages such as being more readily accessible. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of WE on VAT, body composition and cardiometabolic risk markers in centrally obese older adults and compared the effects of WE to SE. We also explored the feasibility of WE.METHODS: In a randomized controlled trial conducted in Umeå, Sweden during January 2018 - November 2018, N = 77, 70-year-old men and women with central obesity (> 1 kg VAT for women, > 2 kg for men) were randomized to an intervention group (n = 38) and a wait-list control group (n = 39). The intervention group received 10 weeks of SE while the wait-list control group lived as usual. Following a 10-week wash-out-period, the wait-list control group received 10 weeks of WE. The primary outcome was changes in VAT. Secondary outcomes included changes in fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM), blood lipids, fasting blood glucose. Additionally, we explored the feasibility of WE defined as adherence and participant experiences.RESULTS: WE had no significant effect on VAT (P = 0.5), although it decreased FM by 450 g (95% confidence interval [CI], 37 to 836, P < 0.05). The adherence to WE was 85% and 87-97% of the participants rated aspects of the WE intervention > 4 on a scale of 1-5. Comparing SE to WE, there was no significant difference in decrease of VAT (Cohen's δ effect size [ES], 0.5, 95% CI, - 24 to 223, P = 0.11), although SE decreased FM by 619 g (ES, 0.5, 95% CI, 22 to 1215, P < 0.05) compared to WE.CONCLUSIONS: Ten weeks of vigorous WE is insufficient to decrease VAT in centrally obese older adults, but sufficient to decrease FM while preserving LBM. The high adherence and positive experiences of the WE intervention implies that it could serve as an alternative exercise strategy for older adults with central obesity, with increased availability for a larger population.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03450655), retrospectively registered February 28, 2018.
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| 5. |
- Björk, Peter, 1981-
(författare)
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Konstruktiv eller moralisk kritik? : Reflektioner om villkor för kommunikation och lärande kring krisberedskap och krishantering
- 2008
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Ingår i: Säkerhet och sårbarhet. - Halmstad : Högskolan i Halmstad. - 9197481947 ; , s. 139-148
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Texten innehåller några reflektioner på Säkerhets- och sårbarhetskonferensen vid Högskolan i Halmstad den 17 april 2008. Syftet är att lyfta fram och diskutera en aspekt av problematiken i forsknings- och utvecklingsarbetet kring krisberedskap och krishantering; nämligen de diffusa och komplexa gränserna mellan å ena sidan en moralisk och å andra sidan en konstruktiv form av kritik.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Björk, Peter, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Sociala fakta eller pågående aktiviteter? : Ett försök att förena Émile Durkheim och Dorothy Smith
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med detta paper är att diskutera Dorothy Smiths kunskapsteoretiska ställningstagande och dess relation till Emilé Durkheims klassiska tes om sociala fakta. Vid en första betraktelse kan det förefalla som om Smiths uppfattning innebär ett definitivt avståndstagande från den samhällsvetenskapliga syn som Durkheim på sin tid stod för. Vi menar dock att kunskapssyn som Dorothy Smith företräder mycket väl går att förena med Durkheims "sociala fakta".
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Björkman, Anne, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Tundra Trait Team: A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome
- 2018
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Ingår i: Global Ecology and Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 1466-822X .- 1466-8238. ; 27:12, s. 1402-1411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 The Authors Global Ecology and Biogeography Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Motivation: The Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field-based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade-offs, trait–environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite data, and to inform Earth system model parameters. Main types of variable contained: The database contains 91,970 measurements of 18 plant traits. The most frequently measured traits (>1,000 observations each) include plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf fresh and dry mass, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus content, leaf C:N and N:P, seed mass, and stem specific density. Spatial location and grain: Measurements were collected in tundra habitats in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including Arctic sites in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Fennoscandia and Siberia, alpine sites in the European Alps, Colorado Rockies, Caucasus, Ural Mountains, Pyrenees, Australian Alps, and Central Otago Mountains (New Zealand), and sub-Antarctic Marion Island. More than 99% of observations are georeferenced. Time period and grain: All data were collected between 1964 and 2018. A small number of sites have repeated trait measurements at two or more time periods. Major taxa and level of measurement: Trait measurements were made on 978 terrestrial vascular plant species growing in tundra habitats. Most observations are on individuals (86%), while the remainder represent plot or site means or maximums per species. Software format: csv file and GitHub repository with data cleaning scripts in R; contribution to TRY plant trait database (www.try-db.org) to be included in the next version release.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Nelson, Anders, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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De första ”Bolognastudenterna” – om aktörskap, yrkesorientering och bildning i programutbildningar : Delrapport från projektet: Före, under och efter utbildningen på Högskolan i Halmstad 2007–2012
- 2009
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I det följande sammanfattar vi de resultat som framstår som mest centrala i studien. Det första vi vill lyfta fram är att studenterna som läser ett grundutbildningsprogram på Högskolan har gjort ett positivt val i den bemärkelsen att de inte har valt högreutbildning för att slippa vara arbetslösa. Studenterna på högskolan värderar både utbildningarnas bildande som yrkesorienterade aspekter som viktiga. I de data som analyserats har vi dock sett att utbildningens betydelse för det kommande yrkeslivet ges allt större betydelse efter hand som de studerar. En annan betydelsefull förändring som skett mellan det första och andra mättillfället är att intresset för ochden upplevda möjligheten att påverka sin egen utbildning sjunker avsevärt. När detgäller studenternas prestationer efter det första studieåret kan vi konstatera att devarierar, och att faktorerna kön och kulturell bakgrund har betydelse. Kvinnor ochstudenter med nordisk bakgrund presterar betydligt bättre än män och studentermed utomnordisk bakgrund. Traditionella sociala bakgrundsfaktorer somföräldrarnas utbildning och yrke visade sig inte han den betydelse för prestationernasom man kan förvänta sig utifrån tidigare studier.
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| 12. |
- Nordström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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A multiple risk factor program is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease in 70-year-olds : A cohort study from Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLoS Medicine. - : Public Library of Science. - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 17:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In individuals below 65 years of age, primary prevention programs have not been successful in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death. However, no large study to our knowledge has previously evaluated the effects of prevention programs in individuals aged 65 years or older. The present cohort study evaluated the risk of CVD in a primary prevention program for community-dwelling 70-year-olds.METHOD AND FINDINGS: In 2012-2017, we included 3,613 community-dwelling 70-year-olds living in Umeå, in the north of Sweden, in a health survey and multidimensional prevention program (the Healthy Ageing Initiative [HAI]). Classic risk factors for CVD were evaluated, such as blood pressure, lipid levels, obesity, and physical inactivity. In the current analysis, each HAI participant was propensity-score-matched to 4 controls (n = 14,452) from the general Swedish population using national databases. The matching variables included age, sex, diagnoses, medication use, and socioeconomic factors. The primary outcome was the composite of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and stroke. The 18,065 participants and controls were followed for a mean of 2.5 (range 0-6) years. The primary outcome occurred in 128 (3.5%) HAI participants and 636 (4.4%) controls (hazard ratio [HR] 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.97, p = 0.026). In HAI participants, high baseline levels of blood pressure and lipids were associated with subsequent initiation of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapy, respectively, as well as with decreases in blood pressure and lipids during follow-up. In an intention-to-treat approach, the risk of the primary outcome was lower when comparing all 70-year-olds in Umeå, regardless of participation in HAI, to 70-year-olds in the rest of Sweden for the first 6 years of the HAI project (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77-0.97, p = 0.014). In contrast, the risk was similar in the 6-year period before the project started (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.93-1.17, p = 0.03 for interaction). Limitations of the study include the observational design and that changes in blood pressure and lipid levels likely were influenced by regression towards the mean.CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a primary prevention program was associated with a lower risk of CVD in community-dwelling 70-year-olds. With the limitation of this being an observational study, the associations may partly be explained by improved control of classic risk factors for CVD with the program.
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| 13. |
- Vikberg, Sanna, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility of an Online Delivered, Home-Based Resistance Training Program for Older Adults : A Mixed Methods Approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Physical inactivity and low muscle mass are risk factors for falls, fractures and overall poor health. However, physical activity is reduced with increased age and only a fraction of older adults engages in resistance training (RT). Thus, strategies that facilitate RT among older adults are needed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness and user experience, and explore barriers and motivators toward an online delivered, home-based RT program in older adults with low muscle mass.Methods: Thirty men and women, 70–71 years of age with low muscle mass were assigned home-based RT with online exercise videos (3 times/week, 45 min/session for 10 weeks) accompanied with an initial supervised try-out session. Quantitative outcome measures included changes in lean body mass and physical function. Semi structured one-to-one interviews with a subset of the participants (n = 8) were also conducted to generate a greater understanding of the participants experience of the digitally supported RT. The material was transcribed and analyzed with qualitative content analysis.Results: Twenty-seven participants (90%) completed the trial. Lean body mass increased by 0.39 kg (95% CI: 0.06–0.72, p < 0.05) and chair stand time improved by 1.6 s (95% CI: 0.8–2.3, p < 0.001). No significant improvements were seen for balance or gait speed. The theme “Engaging in Digital Resistance Training with Personal Adaptation Leads to a Sense of Strength and Vitality” captured the participants experience of the intervention, where a sense of how the body was changing toward a more active lifestyle was described. Instructions, feedback, and intrinsic motivation were identified as key elements for compliance. Conclusion: The online delivered RT program for older adults with low muscle mass was feasible based on high compliance, user satisfaction, increased lean mass and improved chair-stand time. The participant experiences may explain the high compliance to the intervention and effects on outcomes. Based on these results, online delivered RT could be an accessible exercise routine for older adults with low muscle mass. More research is needed to verify the present findings and assess changes in a long-term perspective.
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| 14. |
- Wiking, Mikaela, et al.
(författare)
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Drafting the intermediate filament proteome
- 2016
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Ingår i: Molecular Biology of the Cell. - : American society of cell biology. - 1059-1524 .- 1939-4586. ; 27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 15. |
- Witt, Ann-Katrin, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Hur studenter motiverar sina val av utbildningsprogram i högskolan : Beständig ojämlikhet
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Higher education (HE) has changed from elite to mass education (HSV 2006:26R, Leathwood & Read 2009). In the last few decades, the number of women in higher education has increased substantially in most OECD countries. Sweden ́s reform of HE in 1993 encourages university institutions to develop new degree programs (SFS 1993:100). This opened opportunities for the development of programs designed to attract women and men in equal numbers but the result was disappointing. According to a Swedish study, an increasing number of new degree programs attract almost exclusively one gender (Witt 2009, Nelson et al 2009). It is a well- established fact that technical educations are male-dominated while care-related educations are predominantly chosen by women. This paper investigates the motivations for choice reported by 620 students in 17 programs. We have categorized these motives as follows: knowledge seeking; working life orientation; shoulder responsibility for society; program design; second choice and “follow the map”. Moreover, the paper discusses how gender-segregated educational choices may affect the future opportunities of student in terms of professional careers, income development and, consequently, social standing and life styles. To study gender segregation within HE is like looking at a three dimensional picture. We can focus at different parts or images – one image shows the gender division among the students, another show the genderized division between program choices, while the third image is about the vertical gender division among teachers and researchers and their career opportunities. This paper deals with the first two.
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