| 1. |
- Anderson, Siwan, et al.
(författare)
-
Political Selection in Local Elections: Evidence from Rural Uganda
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Political selection is crucial to the quality of governance. Yet our general knowledge of the individual characteristics that correlate with the political selection process is scant. Our paper contributes to this knowledge gap by collecting detailed data on the quality, perceptions, attitudes, and promises of all candidates involved in a recent local election in rural Uganda. Our context is unique - with two separate governing bodies for males and females. The paper demonstrates, that male and female political selection into these two parallel institutions share important similarities but also differ along several dimensions.
|
|
| 2. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
A Mother's Voice: Impacts of Spousal Communication Training on Child Health Investments
- 2023
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Building on prior evidence that mothers often have a stronger preference for spending on children than fathers do, we use a randomized experiment to evaluate the impacts of a communication training program for mothers on child health in Uganda. The hypothesis is that the training will enable women to better convey their knowledge and preferences to their husbands and, thereby, boost investments in children’s health. We find that the program increases spousal discussion about the family’s health, nutrition, and finances. However, this does not increase overall adoption of health-promoting behaviors or improve child anthropometrics. One exception is that the communication training increases women’s and children’s intake of protein-rich foods as well as household spending on these foods.
|
|
| 3. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations between birth kit use and maternal and neonatal health outcomes in rural Jigawa state, Nigeria : A secondary analysis of data from a cluster randomized controlled trial
- 2018
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 13:12, s. 1-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The burden of maternal and neonatal mortality remains persistently high in Nigeria. Sepsis contributes significantly to both maternal and newborn mortality, and safe delivery kits have long been promoted as a cost-effective intervention to ensure hygienic delivery practices and reduce sepsis. However, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of home birth kit distribution by community health workers, and particularly the impact of this intervention on health outcomes. This paper reports a secondary analysis of data from a cluster randomized trial in rural northern Nigeria in which birth kits were distributed by community health workers to pregnant women in their homes, analyzing non-experimental variation in receipt and use of birth kits. More specifically, associations between pregnant women’s baseline characteristics and receipt and use of birth kits, and associations between birth kit use, care utilization and maternal and newborn outcomes were assessed. Methods and findings Baseline, post-birth and endline data related to 3,317 births observed over a period of three years in 72 intervention communities in Jigawa state, Nigeria, were analyzed using hierarchical, logistic regression models. In total, 140 women received birth kits, and 72 women used the kits. There were no associations between baseline demographic characteristics, health history, and knowledge and attitudes and receipt of a kit, suggesting that community health workers did not systematically target the distribution of birth kits. However, women who used the kit reported reduced odds of past pregnancy complications (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.19-1.00) as well as significantly higher odds of feeling generally healthy at baseline (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.06-3.76), of exposure to radio media (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.21-3.22), and of perceiving themselves as having a low-risk pregnancy (OR = 3.05, 95% CI:1.39-6.68). While there were no significant associations between birth kit use and facility based delivery, skilled birth attendance or post-natal care, women who used a kit exhibited significantly lower odds of completing four or more ANC visits (adjusted OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.18-0.85) and significantly higher odds of reporting prolonged labor (adjusted OR = 4.75, 95% CI: 1.36-16.59), and post-partum bleeding (adjusted OR = 3.25, 95% CI: 1.11-9.52). Conclusions This evidence suggests that use of birth kits is low in a rural population characterized by minimal baseline utilization of maternal and neonatal health services, and the use of birth kits was not associated with reductions in maternal or neonatal morbidity. While further research is required to understand how the effectiveness of birth kits may be shaped by the mechanism through which women access and utilize the kits, our findings suggest that the provision of kits to women outside of the formal health system may be associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
Community Health Educators and Maternal Health: Experimental Evidence from Northern Nigeria
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Development Studies. - : Taylor and Francis Group. - 1743-9140 .- 0022-0388. ; 59:1, s. 73-93
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The slow pace of improvement in service delivery and health outcomes for pregnant women and newborns in developing countries has been a major concern for policy makers in recent decades. This paper presents the results from a randomized controlled trial of a community health worker program designed to enhance uptake of child and maternal health services in Northern Nigeria. Three interventions were evaluated: the deployment of community health educators, health educators with the provision of safe birth kits, and health educators with community dramas. The results suggest that the interventions increased utilization of antenatal, postnatal, and infant care. Maternal and newborn health practices improved as well as health knowledge. In addition, the community health worker program was more effective when supplemented with additional program components.
|
|
| 6. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
Experimental Evidence on the Long-Run Impact of Community-Based Monitoring
- 2017
-
Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 9:1, s. 33-69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluate the longer run impact of a local accountability intervention in primary health care provision in Uganda. Short-run improvements in health care delivery and health outcomes remained in the longer run despite minimal follow-up. We find no impact on the quality of care or health. outcomes of a lower cost intervention that focused on encouraging participation but did not provide information on staff performance. We provide suggestive evidence that informed beneficiaries are more likely to identify and challenge (mis)behavior by providers and, as a result, turn their focus to issues that they can manage locally.
|
|
| 7. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
High maternal mortality in Jigawa State, Northern Nigeria estimated using the sisterhood method
- 2017
-
Ingår i: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : BMC (part of Springer Nature). - 1471-2393. ; 1:163
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Maternal mortality is extremely high in Nigeria. Accurate estimation of maternal mortality is challenging in low-income settings such as Nigeria where vital registration is incomplete. The objective of this study was to estimate the lifetime risk (LTR) of maternal death and the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Jigawa State, Northern Nigeria using the Sisterhood Method. Methods: Interviews with 7,069 women aged 15-49 in 96 randomly selected clusters of communities in 24 Local Government Areas (LGAs) across Jigawa state were conducted. A retrospective cohort of their sisters of reproductive age was constructed to calculate the lifetime risk of maternal mortality. Using most recent estimates of total fertility for the state, the MMR was estimated. Results: The 7,069 respondents reported 10,957 sisters who reached reproductive age. Of the 1,026 deaths in these sisters, 300 (29.2%) occurred during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42days after delivery. This corresponds to a LTR of 6.6% and an estimated MMR for the study areas of 1,012 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births (95% CI: 898-1,126) with a time reference of 2001. Conclusions: Jigawa State has an extremely high maternal mortality ratio underscoring the urgent need for health systems improvement and interventions to accelerate reductions in MMR. Trial registration: The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT01487707 ). Initially registered on December 6, 2011. © 2017 The Author(s).
|
|
| 8. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
HIV, risk, and time preferences : Evidence from a general population sample in Lesotho
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Health Economics. - : Wiley. - 1057-9230 .- 1099-1050. ; 31:5, s. 904-911
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identifying individuals most at risk of HIV infection is a priority for policymakers. Apart from specific groups, however, little is known about how to identify those at high risk in the population. Research suggests that attitudes toward risk and time preferences may influence risky sexual behavior, but no studies have so far investigated the interplay between risk attitudes, time preference, and HIV infection. We collect data on risk and time preferences using hypothetical games (multiple price list method) at baseline and data on HIV status at baseline (2010) and endline (2012) allowing us to calculate incidence rate over a 2-year period among 675 participants, males and females 18–32 years old in Lesotho. We find robust evidence of a statistically significant positive associations between HIV incidence and prevalence and risk-loving attitudes, while the associations with risky behaviors and time preferences are not statistically significant. A measure of attitude toward risk, relatively easy to administer to individuals in a survey, is thus associated with future HIV status. This is an important finding for policymakers and suggests the importance of targeting HIV prevention programs to risk-loving individuals and therefore improving program efficiency.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
Incentivizing Safer Sexual Behavior : Evidence from a Lottery Experiment on HIV Prevention
- 2018
-
Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 10:3, s. 287-314
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the effect of a financial lottery program in Lesotho with relatively low expected payments but a chance to win a high prize conditional on negative test results for sexually transmitted infections. The intervention resulted in a 21.4 percent reduction in HIV incidence over two years. Lottery incentives appear to be particularly effective in targeting individuals with ex ante risky sexual behavior, consistent with the hypothesis that lotteries are more valued by individuals willing to take risks.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina
(författare)
-
Income shocks and gender gaps in education : Evidence from Uganda
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Development Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3878. ; 105, s. 237-253
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper uses exogenous variation in rainfall across districts in Uganda to estimate the causal effects of household income shocks on children's enrollment and academic performance conditional on gender. I find negative deviations in rainfall from the long-term mean to have negative and highly significant effects on female enrollment in primary schools and the effect grows stronger for older girls. I find no effect of rainfall variation on the enrollment of boys and young girls. Moreover, I find that when schooling is free of charge and both marginal boys and girls are enrolled, a negative income shock has an adverse effect on the test scores of female students while boys are not affected. The results imply that households respond to income shocks by varying the amount of schooling and resources provided to girls while boys are to a large extent sheltered - a finding consistent with a model where parents' values of child labor differ across sexes.
|
|
| 13. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
Mothers care more, but fathers decide: Educating parents about child health in Uganda
- 2017
-
Ingår i: American Economic Review. - : American Economic Association. - 0002-8282. ; 107:5, s. 496-500
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on intrahousehold decision-making generally finds that fathers have more bargaining power than mothers, but mothers put more weight on children's well-being. This suggests a tradeoff when targeting policies to improve child health: fathers have more power to change household behavior in ways that improve child health, but mothers might have a stronger desire to do so. This paper compares health classes in Uganda that enrolled either mothers or fathers. We find that educating mothers leads to greater adoption of health-promoting behaviors by the household. In addition, educating one parent leads to positive spillovers on the other spouse's health behaviors.
|
|
| 14. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
Political Selection in Local Elections: Evidence from Rural Uganda
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Political selection is crucial to the quality of governance. Yet our general knowledge of the individual characteristics that correlate with the political selection process is scant. Our paper contributes to this knowledge gap by collecting detailed data on the quality, perceptions, attitudes, and promises of all candidates involved in a recent local election in rural Uganda. Our context is unique - with two separate governing bodies for males and females. The paper demonstrates, that male and female political selection into these two parallel institutions share important similarities but also differ along several dimensions.
|
|
| 15. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
Reducing Child Mortality in the Last Mile : Experimental Evidence on Community Health Promoters in Uganda
- 2019
-
Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 11:3, s. 155-192
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The delivery of basic health products and services remains abysmal in many parts of the world where child mortality is high. This paper shows the results from a large-scale randomized evaluation of a novel approach to health care delivery In randomly selected villages, a sales agent was locally recruited and incentivized to conduct home visits, educate households on essential health behaviors, provide medical advice and referrals, and sell preventive and curative health products. Results after 3 years show substantial health impact: under 5-years child mortality was reduced by 27 percent at an estimated average cost of $68 per life-year saved.
|
|
| 16. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
Reducing Child Mortality in the Last Mile: A Randomized Social Entrepreneurship Intervention in Uganda
- 2017
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The delivery of basic health products and services remains abysmal in many parts of the world where child mortality is high. This paper shows the results from a largescale randomized evaluation of a novel “social entrepreneurship” approach to health care delivery. In randomly selected villages a sales agent was locally recruited and incentivized to conduct home visits, educate households on essential health behaviors, provide medical advice and referrals, and sell preventive and curative health products. Results after three years show substantial health impact: under-5 child mortality was reduced by 27% at an estimated cost of $71 per life-year saved.
|
|
| 17. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
Replication data for : Incentivizing Safer Sexual Behavior: Evidence from a Lottery Experiment on HIV Prevention
- 2019
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We investigate the effect of a financial lottery program in Lesotho with relatively low expected payments but a chance to win a high prize conditional on negative test results for sexually transmitted infections. The intervention resulted in a 21.4 percent reduction in HIV incidence over two years. Lottery incentives appear to be particularly effective in targeting individuals with ex ante risky sexual behavior, consistent with the hypothesis that lotteries are more valued by individuals willing to take risks.
|
|
| 18. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
Replication data for: Reducing Child Mortality in the Last Mile: Experimental Evidence on Community Health Promoters in Uganda
- 2019
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The delivery of basic health products and services remains abysmal in many parts of the world where child mortality is high. This paper shows the results from a large-scale randomized evaluation of a novel approach to health care delivery. In randomly selected villages, a sales agent was locally recruited and incentivized to conduct home visits, educate households on essential health behaviors, provide medical advice and referrals, and sell preventive and curative health products. Results after 3 years show substantial health impact: under 5-years child mortality was reduced by 27 percent at an estimated average cost of $68 per life-year saved.
|
|
| 19. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s learning and wellbeing : Evidence from India
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Development Economics. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1872-6089 .- 0304-3878. ; 164
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated school closure on primary school children’s learning and mental wellbeing in Assam, India. Using a comprehensive dataset that tracked and repeatedly surveyed approximately 5000 children across 200 schools between 2018 and 2022, we find that children lost the equivalent of nine months of learning in mathematics and eleven months in language, during the pandemic. Children lacking resources and parental support experienced the largest losses. Regular practice, teacher interaction, and technology were associated with less learning loss. Over the same period, children’s psychological wellbeing improved. Our research provides valuable insights for designing post-emergency programs. • During the pandemic primary school children in Assam lost 9–11 months of learning.• Children with fewer resources and support at home lost the most.• Teachers’ calls, regular practice, and technology were associated with smaller losses.• Children’s psychological well-being improved during the pandemic.
|
|
| 20. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
Understanding Human Trafficking Using Victim-Level Data
- 2018
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Quantitative research on human trafficking is scant due to lack of data. This study makes use of a unique survey we collected on former victims of trafficking and vulnerable women and girls in the Philippines. We start by exploring the correlates of trafficking and show that household composition (in particular the presence of older sisters) and plausibly exogenous measures of health and economic shocks predict the likelihood of being tracked. We then study the effects of trafficking on victims' intertemporal and risk preferences using entropy balancing. We find that trafficking victims are not differentially patient, but they are more risk-loving. Our novel data and findings are pertinent to the design of policies intending to prevent trafficking and reintegrate victims.
|
|
| 21. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
Using lotteries to incentivize safer sex behavior : evidence from a randomized controlled trial on HIV prevention
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Financial incentives are a promising HIV prevention strategy. This paper assesses the effect on HIV incidence of a lottery program in Lesotho with low expected payments but a chance to win a high prize conditional on negative test results for sexually transmitted infections. The intervention resulted in a 21.4 percent reduction in HIV incidence over two years. Lottery incentives appear to be particularly effective for individuals willing to take risks. This paper estimates a model linking sexual behavior to HIV incidence and finds that risk-loving individuals reduce the number of unprotected sexual acts by 0.3/month for every $1 increase in the expected prize.
|
|
| 22. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
Weather Shocks, Child Mortality, and Adaptation: Experimental Evidence from Uganda
- 2023
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Human-caused climate change is already increasing the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, such as droughts. The health and economic consequences of these events are expected to be particularly severe for populations in low-income settings whose livelihoods rely on rain-fed agriculture. Within these populations, children are an especially vulnerable group, as undernutrition is linked to 45% of all child deaths across the globe. Despite progress, adaptation gaps exist. We still lack strong evidence on policies to effectively mitigate climate change's most severe consequences for children. In this paper we ask whether adaptation investments in the form of improved community healthcare can build climate resilience in a low-income country setting.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Callen, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low- and middle-income countries
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Nature. - 1546-170X .- 1078-8956. ; 27:8, s. 1385-1394
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Widespread acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for achieving sufficient immunization coverage to end the global pandemic, yet few studies have investigated COVID-19 vaccination attitudes in lower-income countries, where large-scale vaccination is just beginning. We analyze COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across 15 survey samples covering 10 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa and South America, Russia (an upper-middle-income country) and the United States, including a total of 44,260 individuals. We find considerably higher willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine in our LMIC samples (mean 80.3%; median 78%; range 30.1 percentage points) compared with the United States (mean 64.6%) and Russia (mean 30.4%). Vaccine acceptance in LMICs is primarily explained by an interest in personal protection against COVID-19, while concern about side effects is the most common reason for hesitancy. Health workers are the most trusted sources of guidance about COVID-19 vaccines. Evidence from this sample of LMICs suggests that prioritizing vaccine distribution to the Global South should yield high returns in advancing global immunization coverage. Vaccination campaigns should focus on translating the high levels of stated acceptance into actual uptake. Messages highlighting vaccine efficacy and safety, delivered by healthcare workers, could be effective for addressing any remaining hesitancy in the analyzed LMICs. © 2021, The Author(s).
|
|
| 25. |
- Giroux, Nadège, et al.
(författare)
-
"That's a woman's problem": A qualitative analysis to understand male involvement in maternal and newborn health in Jigawa state, northern Nigeria
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Reproductive Health. - : BMC (part of Springer Nature). - 1742-4755. ; 16:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Maternal and newborn mortality continue to be major challenges in Nigeria. While greater participation of men in maternal and newborn health has been associated with positive outcomes in many settings, male involvement remains low. The objective of this analysis was to investigate male involvement in maternal and newborn health in Jigawa state, northern Nigeria. Methods: This qualitative study included 40 event narratives conducted with families who had experienced a maternal or newborn complication or death, in-depth interviews with 10 husbands and four community leaders, and four focus group discussions with community health workers. The interviews focused on understanding illness recognition and care seeking as well as the role of husbands at each stage on the continuum of maternal and newborn health. Data were transcribed, translated to English, and coded and analyzed using Dedoose software and a codebook developed a priori. Results: This paper reports low levels of knowledge of obstetric and newborn complications among men and limited male involvement during pregnancy, childbirth and the post-partum period in Jigawa state. Men are key decision-makers around the location of the delivery and other decisions linked to maternal and newborn health, and they provide crucial resources including nutritious foods and transportation. However, they generally do not accompany their wives to antenatal visits, are rarely present for deliveries, and do not make decisions about complications arising during delivery and the immediate post-partum period. These gendered roles are deeply ingrained, and men are often ridiculed for stepping outside of them. Additional barriers for male involvement include minimal engagement with health programs and challenges at health facilities including a poor attitude of health providers towards men and accompanying family members. Conclusion: These findings suggest that male involvement is limited by low knowledge and barriers related to social norms and within health systems. Interventions engaging men in maternal and newborn health must take into account these obstacles while protecting women's autonomy and avoiding reinforcement of gender inequitable roles and behaviors.
|
|
| 26. |
- Guariso, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
-
The Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's learning and wellbeing : Evidence from India
- 2023
-
Ingår i: SSRN Electronic Journal. - Stockholm : Mistra Center for Sustainable Markets (Misum). - 1556-5068.
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated school closure on primary school children’s learning and mental well-being in Assam, India. Using a comprehensive dataset that tracked and repeatedly surveyed approximately 5,000 children across 200 schools between 2018 and 2022, we find that children lost the equivalent of nine months of learning in mathematics and eleven months in language, during the pandemic. Children lacking resources and parental support experienced the largest losses. Regular practice, teacher interaction, and technology helped sustain learning. Over the same period, children’s psychological well-being improved. Our research provides valuable insights for designing post-emergency programs.
|
|
| 27. |
- La Ferrara, Eliana, et al.
(författare)
-
Understanding Child Sex Trafficking Using Victim-Level Data
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Economic Development and Cultural Change. - : University of Chicago Press. - 1539-2988 .- 0013-0079.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantitative research on human trafficking is scant due to lack of data. This study makes use of a unique survey we collected on former victims of trafficking and vulnerable women and girls in the Philippines. We start by exploring the correlates of trafficking and show that household composition (in particular the presence of older sisters) and plausibly exogenous measures of health and economic shocks predict the likelihood of being tracked. We then study the effects of trafficking on victims' intertemporal and risk preferences using entropy balancing. We find that trafficking victims are not differentially patient, but they are more risk-loving. Our novel data and findings are pertinent to the design of policies intending to prevent trafficking and reintegrate victims.
|
|
| 28. |
- Nyqvist, Martina Björkman, et al.
(författare)
-
A mother’s voice : Impacts of spousal communication training on child health investments
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Development Economics. - : Elsevier B.V. - 1872-6089 .- 0304-3878. ; 168
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluates a communication training program for mothers in Uganda, motivated by prior evidence suggesting that mothers often prioritize children’s needs more than fathers. The program aims to enable women to effectively communicate their knowledge and preferences about child health to their husbands, thereby increasing investments in children’s health. Using a randomized experiment, we find that the program increases spousal discussion about the family’s health, nutrition, and finances. It also increases women’s and children’s intake of animal-sourced foods, as well as household spending on these foods. We find that birthweight of newborns increases. However, the program did not increase households’ adoption of measured health-promoting behaviors or improve other child anthropometric measures.
|
|
| 29. |
- Reuter, Marek, et al.
(författare)
-
Sustainability, COVID-19 and staying focused on the longer term: A pandemic that strikes unequally and can prevent sustainability investments
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Sweden through the crisis. - Stockholm : Stockholm School of Economics Institute for Research. - 9789186797386 ; , s. 289-301
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic and social and economic responses are amplifying social inequalities and hampering strategic, long-term investments into sustainability by firms and governments. Researchers affiliated with Misum (Mistra Center for Sustainable Markets) discuss how the global response to the pandemic has slowed progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015. The article emphasizes that low-income groups are most affected by the economic consequences of the coronavirus crisis, that the pandemic is reducing the ability and willingness of firms to make strategic investments, and that companies and governments need to deploy resources that ensure a sustainable recovery from the crisis.
|
|
| 30. |
- Svensson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Can Good Products Drive Out Bad? A Randomized Intervention in the Antimalarial Medicine Market in Uganda
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of the European Economic Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1542-4766 .- 1542-4774. ; 20:3, s. 957-1000
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How can quality be improved in markets in developing countries, which are known to be plagued bysubstandard and counterfeit (“fake”, in short) products? We study the market for antimalarial drugsin Uganda, where we randomly assign entry of a retailer (non-governmental organization (NGO))providing a superior product—an authentic drug priced below the market—and investigate howincumbent firms and consumers respond. We find that the presence of the NGO had economicallyimportant effects. Approximately one year after the new market actor entered, the share of incumbentfirms selling fake drugs dropped by more than 50% in the intervention villages, with higher qualitydrugs sold at significantly lower prices. Household survey evidence further shows that the qualityimprovements were accompanied by consumers expecting fewer fake drugs sold by drug stores. Theintervention increased use of the antimalarial drugs overall. The results are consistent with a simplemodel where the presence of a seller committed to high quality, as opposed to an average firm,strengthens reputational incentives for competing firms to improve quality in order to not be forcedout of the market, leading to “good driving out bad”.
|
|
| 31. |
- Svensson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Information is Power : Experimental Evidence in the Long-Run Impact of Community Based Monitoring
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Policy Research Working Papers. - Washington, D.C. : World Bank. - 1813-9450.
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents the results of two field experiments onlocal accountability in primary health care in Uganda. Effortsto stimulate beneficiary control, coupled with the provisionof report cards on staff performance, resulted in significantimprovements in health care delivery and health outcomesin both the short and the longer run. Efforts to stimulatebeneficiary control without providing information onperformance had no impact on quality of care or health outcomes.The paper shows that informed users are more likelyto identify and challenge (mis)behavior by providers and as aresult turn their focus to issues that they can manage locally.
|
|
| 32. |
- Svensson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Local Accountability Improves Health Services
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Institutional Microeconomics of Development. - Mass. : MIT Press. - 9780262014069
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 33. |
- Svensson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Power to the People : Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment of a Community-Based Monitoring Project in Uganda
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Quarterly Journal of Economics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0033-5533 .- 1531-4650. ; 124:2, s. 735-769
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a randomized field experiment on community-based monitoring of public primary health care providers in Uganda. Through two rounds of village meetings, localized nongovernmental organizations encouraged communities to be more involved with the state of health service provision and strengthened their capacity to hold their local health providers to account for performance. A year after the intervention, treatment communities are more involved in monitoring the provider, and the health workers appear to exert higher effort to serve the community. We document large increases in utilization and improved health outcomes—reduced child mortality and increased child weight—that compare favorably to some of the more successful community-based intervention trials reported in the medical literature.
|
|
| 34. |
- Yanagizawa-Drott, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Can Good Products Drive Out Bad? A Randomized Intervention in the Antimalarial Medicine Market in Uganda
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of the European Economic Association. - : Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press (MIT Press) / Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy F. - 1542-4774 .- 1542-4766. ; 20:3, s. 957-1000
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How can quality be improved in markets in developing countries, which are known to be plagued by substandard and counterfeit ("fake", in short) products? We study the market for antimalarial drugs in Uganda, where we randomly assign entry of a retailer (non-governmental organization (NGO)) providing a superior product-an authentic drug priced below the market-and investigate how incumbent firms and consumers respond. We find that the presence of the NGO had economically important effects. Approximately one year after the new market actor entered, the share of incumbent firms selling fake drugs dropped by more than 50% in the intervention villages, with higher quality drugs sold at significantly lower prices. Household survey evidence further shows that the quality improvements were accompanied by consumers expecting fewer fake drugs sold by drug stores. The intervention increased use of the antimalarial drugs overall. The results are consistent with a simple model where the presence of a seller committed to high quality, as opposed to an average firm, strengthens reputational incentives for competing firms to improve quality in order to not be forced out of the market, leading to "good driving out bad".
|
|
