| 1. |
- Bjarnason, Thoroddur, et al.
(författare)
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At the intersection of urbanisation and counterurbanisation in rural space: Microurbanisation in Northern Iceland
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 87, s. 404-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Micropolitan centers and other regional towns have frequently been conceptualised as drivers of economic growth in rural regions, providing an ideal balance between rural and urban amenities. However, they have also been described as “sponges” that suck the population from more rural communities in the region, perhaps only to be squeezed again into the micropolitan bucket of urbanisation. In this paper, we map long-term urbanisation and microurbanisation in Iceland and evaluate the role of micropolitan Akureyri in Northern Iceland in rural migration dynamics. We find the Icelandic rural population to be highly mobile with about nine out of ten residents in different types of communities having lived elsewhere for at least a year, and between a quarter and one-third having lived in the Reykjavík capital area. Positive net in-migration to Akureyri from more rural regions corresponds exactly to negative out-migration towards the Reykjavík capital area and the steady long-term population growth of Akureyri can, thus, be attributed exclusively to natural fertility. However, micropolitan Akureyri does not appear to exacerbate rural out-migration in Northern Iceland. Residents of smaller communities in the north are not more likely to move than other rural residents – they are simply more likely to move to micropolitan Akureyri rather than the Reykjavík capital area.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Eimermann, Marco, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring population redistribution at sub-municipal levels : Microurbanisation and messy migration in Sweden’s high North
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 90, s. 93-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To contribute to more balanced perspectives on sub-municipal population change in sparsely populated areas(SPAs), this paper closely examines a local pocket of growth in a shrinking Northern Swedish municipality.Integrating Swedish register data with in-depth qualitative insights, the geographic study examines patterns andprocesses of uneven local population dynamics linked to life course migration. This is done through a sociospatialcluster analysis containing, first, 15 aggregate socioeconomic variables for sub-municipal areas, andthen individual characteristics like birth countries, age groups, sex ratios, educational attainment, andemployment status. A Foresight approach and interviews with locals, municipal officials, and incoming lifestylemigrants complement this. Studying these individuals’ practical compromises regarding housing, income, andleisure at sub-municipal levels helps in overcoming fallacies in population change research at broader regionallevels, and illustrates the limits of relying solely on quantitative demographic change indicators. The paper showsthat urban traits in the municipal centre and rural natural amenities around a dogsledding trail combine toattract and retain different population groups. This adds to population change studies and shows that municipaladministrative centres in SPAs are not necessarily growing while other villages are declining, and that populationredistribution at the municipal level does not automatically imply the movement of people to municipal centresfrom a municipality’s minor villages.
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| 4. |
- Piontek, Daniela, et al.
(författare)
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Individual and country-level effects of cannabis-related perceptions on cannabis use : A multilevel study among adolescents in 32 European countries
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescent Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 1054-139X .- 1879-1972. ; 52:4, s. 473-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. The present paper investigated individual and aggregated effects of cannabis-related perceptions and other cannabis-related indicators on 12-months cannabis use prevalence and frequency among 15-16 year olds using multilevel analysis across 32 European countries.Methods. Data on cannabis use, perceptions of availability, risks and friends’ use as well as socio-demographic characteristics were taken from the 2007 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). On country-level, aggregated measures of the perceptions were used. Moreover, data on cannabis price and 12-months cannabis use prevalence in the total population were taken from the World Drug Report. The analytical sample comprised n = 86,107 students (82.5 % of the overall 2007 international database).Results. Strong and persistent individual-level effects were identified for perceived availability, perceived harm and the number of cannabis using friends. The effects on cannabis use prevalence and frequency were more pronounced than country-level effects. On country-level, aggregated perceived peer consumption and population prevalence were significant predictors, while price was found not related to both outcome variables. The association between perceived friends’ use and cannabis use was moderated by aggregated perceived availability.Conclusions. Proximal influences related to the immediate social situation seem to be more strongly associated with cannabis use than distal influences related to social contexts emphasizing the importance of personal attitudes and perceptions in substance use behaviour. Prevention programs may focus on informing adolescents about the potential risks of cannabis and on correcting misperceptions of social norms. Policy measures may target on reducing visibility of drug use.
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| 5. |
- Torsheim, Torbjørn, et al.
(författare)
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Screen-based activities and physical complaints among adolescents from the Nordic countries
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 10:324, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:A positive association between time spent on sedentary screen-based activities and physical complaints has been reported, but the cumulative association between different types of screen-based activities and physical complaints has not been examined thoroughly.METHODS:The cross-sectional association between screen-based activity and physical complaints (backache and headache) among students was examined in a sample of 31022 adolescents from Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland and Greenland, as part of the Health behaviour in school-aged children 2005/06 (HBSC) study. Daily hours spent on screen-based activities and levels of physical complaints were assessed using self-reports.RESULTS:Logistic regression analysis indicated that computer use, computer gaming and TV viewing contributed uniquely to prediction of weekly backache and headache. The magnitude of associations was consistent across types of screen based activities, and across gender.CONCLUSION:The observed associations indicate that time spent on screen-based activity is a contributing factor to physical complaints among young people, and that effects accumulate across different types of screen-based activities.
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