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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Hedlund, J., et al.
(författare)
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Management of patients with community-acquired pneumonia treated in hospital in Sweden
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - 0036-5548. ; 34:12, s. 887-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the management of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated in hospital in Sweden, a multicentre retrospective cohort study was performed with medical record review of 982 patients (mean age 63 y) at 17 departments of infectious diseases at hospitals in Sweden. Information on antimicrobial therapy, demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, physical examination findings, and laboratory and microbiological test results were recorded. Outcome measures were in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay (LOS). Cultures were obtained from blood in 80% and from sputum in 22% of the patients. A microbiological aetiology was determined for 23% of the patients, with Streptococcus pneumoniae as the dominating agent (9%). The initial antibiotic treatment was mostly given intravenously (78%). Penicillin (50%) or a cephalosporin (30%) was the most common choice. Both of these drugs were usually given as a single agent. The overall mortality was 3.5% and the mean LOS was 6.4 d. Thus, the outcome was favourable despite the empirical antibiotic treatment having a narrow spectrum compared with the broader approach recommended in most recent guidelines on the management of CAP. These findings suggest that a majority of patients who are hospitalized with moderately severe pneumonia can be treated initially with penicillin alone.
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- Tlili, A., et al.
(författare)
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Pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT): towards an ecologically relevant risk assessment of chemicals in aquatic systems
- 2016
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Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - : Wiley. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 61:12, s. 2141-2151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major challenge in environmental risk assessment of pollutants is establishing a causal relationship between field exposure and community effects that integrates both structural and functional complexity within ecosystems. Pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) is a concept that evaluates whether pollutants have exerted a selection pressure on natural communities. PICT detects whether a pollutant has eliminated sensitive species from a community and thereby increased its tolerance. PICT has the potential to link assessments of the ecological and chemical status of ecosystems by providing causal analysis for effect-based monitoring of impacted field sites. Using PICT measurements and microbial community endpoints in environmental assessment schemes could give more ecological relevance to the tools that are now used in environmental risk assessment. Here, we propose practical guidance and a list of research issues that should be further considered to apply the PICT concept in the field.
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- Andersson Trojer, Markus, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Polymer Core-Polymer Shell Particle Formation Enabled by Ultralow Interfacial Tension Via Internal Phase Separation: Morphology Prediction Using the Van Oss Formalism
- 2018
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Ingår i: Colloid and Interface Science Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 2215-0382. ; 25, s. 36-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The internal phase separation technique is a versatile method for liquid core-polymer shell formation, yet limited to very hydrophobic core materials and actives. The use of polymeric cores instead circumvents this restriction due to the absent mixing entropy for binary polymer mixtures which allows the polymeric core (and the active) to approach the polarity of the shell. Polystyrene core-shell and janus particles were formulated using polymethylmethacrylate, poly(lactic acid), poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid), poly(epsilon-caprolactone) or cellulose triacetate as shell-forming polymers. The morphology and the partitioning was experimentally determined by selectively staining the core and the shell with beta-carotene and methylene blue respectively. In addition, the van Oss formalism was introduced to theoretically predict the thermodynamic equilibrium morphology. As elucidated using the theoretical predictions as well as experimental optical tensiometry, it was found that the driving force for core-shell morphology is, in contrast to liquid core-polymer shell particles, a low core-shell interfacial tension.
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- Bergstrom, I, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin D levels in children born to vitamin D-deficient mothers
- 2013
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Ingår i: Hormone research in paediatrics. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2826 .- 1663-2818. ; 80:1, s. 6-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Aim:</i></b> To determine whether a standard daily dose of 400 IU vitamin D is sufficient to normalize vitamin D levels in infants born to vitamin D-deficient mothers. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The children were recruited from a study cohort of 68 immigrant and 51 non-immigrant pregnant women living in Stockholm. The women were monitored at 12 weeks of pregnancy, at delivery and together with their children, 6-18 months after birth. During pregnancy, most immigrant women (78%) had 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> levels <25 nmol/l. We here report the outcome of 25 infants born to these mothers. All infants received a daily supplementation dose of 400 IU vitamin D from 2 weeks of age. <b><i>Results:</i></b> At birth, most children in the immigrant group were vitamin D-deficient (23.3 nmol/l (12-54); mean and range) while at 6-18 months of age vitamin D levels were essentially normalized (82.8 nmol/l (38-142)) although 4 children still had subnormal levels consistent with vitamin D insufficiency. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> A daily recommended supplementation dose of 400 IU vitamin D is sufficient in most children of vitamin D-deficient immigrant women living in Sweden.
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- Ding Yuan, Chen, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of in situ NH3 pre-treatment of LPCVD SiN passivation on GaN HEMT performance
- 2022
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Ingår i: Semiconductor Science and Technology. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6641 .- 0268-1242. ; 37:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact on the performance of GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) of in situ ammonia (NH3) pre-treatment prior to the deposition of silicon nitride (SiN) passivation with low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD ) is investigated. Three different NH3 pre-treatment durations (0, 3, and 10 min) were compared in terms of interface properties and device performance. A reduction of oxygen (O) at the interface between SiN and epi-structure is detected by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM )-electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements in the sample subjected to 10 min of pre-treatment. The samples subjected to NH3 pre-treatment show a reduced surface-related current dispersion of 9% (compared to 16% for the untreated sample), which is attributed to the reduction of O at the SiN/epi interface. Furthermore, NH3 pre-treatment for 10 min significantly improves the current dispersion uniformity from 14.5% to 1.9%. The reduced trapping effects result in a high output power of 3.4 W mm(-1) at 3 GHz (compared to 2.6 W mm(-1) for the untreated sample). These results demonstrate that the in situ NH3 pre-treatment before LPCVD of SiN passivation is critical and can effectively improves the large-signal microwave performance of GaN HEMTs.
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- Lindblom, B, et al.
(författare)
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[Growth factors in the uterus are surveyed].
- 1997
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 94:43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The central localisation of the uterus in the female body may be seen as reflecting its central function in human reproduction, though in rare cases pregnancy may be established even in the absence of uterus. The sex steroids are largely responsible for the central regulation of uterine function, and recent productive research has shown the significance of peptide growth factors for various physiological functions, including the development and repair of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle, as well as the adaptation and growth of the organ during pregnancy. The possible involvement of angiogenic peptides in endometrial neovascularisation is discussed, as is the significance of proto-oncogenes and growth factors for the development of uterine fibroids. Further development in this field may have a variety of clinical implications, including the possibility of promoting or inhibiting implantation by manipulation of endometrial angiogenesis.
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- Wu, Xuxia, et al.
(författare)
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Apoptosis, cellular proliferation and expression of p53 in human uterine leiomyomas and myometrium during the menstrual cycle and after menopause
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 79:5, s. 397-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Cell proliferation, apoptosis and expression of p53 proteins were studied in human uterine leiomyomas and myometrium during the menstrual cycle and after menopause.METHODS:Expression of ki-67 and p53 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and by immunoblotting. Apoptosis was detected by in situ 3' end labelling of cells with DNA fragmentation.RESULTS:In both the proliferative and the secretory phases, ki-67 expression was higher in leiomyomas than in myometrium and both tissues showed higher expression in the secretory than in the proliferative phase. No difference in apoptotic index was observed between leiomyomas and myometrium or between the proliferative and secretory phases. After menopause, the expression of ki-67 as well as the apoptotic index was lower than in the proliferative and secretory phases and no significant difference between tissues was seen. Both leiomyomas and myometrium showed negative staining for p53. Immunohistochemical results regarding p53 were confirmed by Western blot.CONCLUSIONS:Our findings indicate that sex steroids influence the growth of leiomyomas by stimulating cell proliferation rather than by affecting apoptosis. The rate of cell proliferation is higher in fertile age than after menopause and appears to be enhanced under the influence of progesterone.
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- Wu, Xuxia, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-x, Mcl-1, Bax and Bak in human uterine leiomyomas and myometrium during the menstrual cycle and after menopause
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - 0960-0760 .- 1879-1220. ; 80:1, s. 77-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-x, Mcl-1, Bax and Bak proteins in human uterine leiomyomas and homologous myometrium during the menstrual cycle and after menopause.The expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-x, Mcl-1, Bax and Bak in leiomyomas (n=24) and myometrial samples (n=22) from women with leiomyomas was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Measured by immunohistochemistry, a significant difference between leiomyomas and myometrium was observed only for the Bax protein, in tissues obtained from women in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. The Bcl-2 staining was more abundant in leiomyomas than in myometrium only in tissues obtained in the proliferative phase of the cycle. Bcl-2 was more abundant in leiomyomas from women of fertile age than in leiomyomas from menopausal women. No significant differences were observed for the Bcl-x or Bak proteins, whereas the Mcl-1 protein was significantly less abundant in secretory phase leiomyomas than in leiomyomas from menopausal women. Western blot analysis based on pools of tissue extracts from the different groups essentially confirmed the data obtained by immunohistochemistry. Bcl-2 family proteins are expressed in leiomyomas and myometrium in different phases related to and influenced by gonadal steroids. These proteins are suggested to interact with each other in the regulation of programmed cell death, apoptosis, but their specific role in growth control of uterine leiomyomas remains to be investigated.
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- Wu, XX, et al.
(författare)
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mRNA-expression of often used house-keeping genes and the relation between RNA and DNA are sex steroid-dependent parameters in human myometrium and fibroids
- 2003
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 55:4, s. 225-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The content of RNA and DNA in human myometrium and fibroids obtained at different endocrine conditions varied, with the highest RNA/DNA ratio in tissues from pregnant patients, intermediate ratios in women during the menstrual cycle and the lowest in tissues from postmenopausal and GnRHa-treated patients. mRNA expression of two house-keeping genes, γ-actin and GAPDH, was highest in myometrium from pregnant women, intermediate in untreated women of fertile age and lowest in tissues from GnRHa-treated and postmenopausal women. To control for degradation of nucleic acids when measuring mRNA expression, we suggest additional analysis of gene(s), where the expression pattern is known, and that expression, whenever possible, is related to DNA, which is a more stable parameter than RNA and total nucleic acids, when there are differences in proliferation between tissues and/or groups of patients.
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