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1.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Symposium: Below the surface – Critical realism and social work research 2023 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The theme of the symposium is how critical realism has been applied in social work research since the early 2000s. This symposium is strongly linked to the subtheme of Theory and practice in social work and more specific to theory development in social work. The aim of the symposium is to describe and discuss research where critical realism (CR) has been applied as a theoretical framework, and to inspire others to utilize CR in social work research. The first presentation is based on a systematic literature review of critical realism in social work research conducted between 2001 and 2022. The following two presentations concentrates on the CAIMeR-theory (Blom & Morén 2010; 2019), which is a general theory developed at Umeå University, based on CR, used for explaining client outcomes. The second presentation focuses on a revised version of the CAIMeR-theory. The third presentation demonstrates how the CAIMeR-theory underpinned and guided a small evaluation project. The presentations in the symposium will address central concepts of CR in different ways, and will altogether, serve as an introduction to critical realism and its use in social work research in different contexts.
2.	Gonzalez Lindh, Margareta, 1965-, et al. (författare) Prevalence of subjective swallowing dysfunction in patients with stable COPD : The TIE-study 2016 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
3.	Gonzalez Lindh, Margareta, 1965-, et al. (författare) Prevalence of subjective swallowing dysfunction in patients with stable COPD : Results from the TIE-study 2017 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
4.	Gonzalez Lindh, Margareta, 1965-, et al. (författare) Subjective swallowing symptoms and related risk factors in COPD 2019 Ingår i: ERJ Open Research. - : European Respiratory Society. - 2312-0541. ; 5:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of subjective (i.e. self-reported) swallowing symptoms in a large cohort of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to identify potential related risk factors.Methods: A total of 571 patients with COPD, investigated in a stable phase, participated in this multicentre study (335 females, 236 males; mean age: 68.6 years (sd 7.7)). Data were derived from spirometry, a questionnaire and a 30-metre walking test.Results: In total, 33% (n=186) patients reported at least some degree of swallowing problem. The most frequently reported symptom was food lodging in the throat (23%). A significant relationship was found between swallowing symptoms and dyspnoea, assessed as modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) ≥2 compared with <2 (46% versus 22%; p<0.001) and health-related quality of life, assessed as the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) ≥10 (40% versus 19%; p<0.001). Swallowing problems were also related to lower physical capacity (p=0.02) but not to lung function (p>0.28).Conclusion: Subjective swallowing symptoms seem to be a common problem in patients with stable COPD. This problem is seen in all stages of the disease, but is more common in symptomatic patients and in patients with lower physical capacity.
5.	Gonzalez Lindh, Margareta, 1965-, et al. (författare) Swallowing dysfunction in COPD: Is it more related to burden of disease than lung function : Results from the TIE-study 2017 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
6.	Hall, Taylor, et al. (författare) Mortality among a national population sentenced to compulsory care for substance use disorders in Sweden : Descriptive study 2015 Ingår i: Evaluation and Program Planning. - : Elsevier. - 0149-7189 .- 1873-7870. ; 49, s. 153-162 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Sweden's compulsory addiction system treats individuals with severe alcohol and narcotics use disorders. Merging data from three national level register databases of those sentenced to compulsory care from 2001 to 2009 (n = 4515), the aims of this study were to: (1) compute mortality rates to compare to the general Swedish population; (2) identify leading cause of mortality by alcohol or narcotics use; and (3) identify individual level characteristics associated with mortality among alcohol and narcotics users. In this population, 24% were deceased by 2011. The most common cause of death for alcohol users was physical ailments linked to alcohol use, while narcotics users commonly died of drug poisoning or suicide. Average age of death differed significantly between alcohol users (55.0) and narcotics users (32.5). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the same three factors predicting mortality: older age (alcohol users OR = 1.28, narcotic users OR = 1.16), gender [males were nearly 3 times more likely to die among narcotics users (p < .000) acid 1.6 times more likely to die among alcohol users (p < .01)] and reporting serious health problems (for alcohol users p < .000, for narcotics users p < .05). Enhanced program and government efforts are needed to implement overdose-prevention efforts and different treatment modalities for both narcotic and alcohol users. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
7.	Svenlin, Anu-Riina, et al. (författare) En vetenskaplig genomlysning av missbruksbehandlingen på HVB-hemmet Avstampet i Norr 2024 Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract Syftet med den vetenskapliga genomlysningen var att undersöka hur, varför och under vilka förutsättningar HVB-hemmet Avstampet i Norr uppnår sina behandlingsresultat. Studien fokuserade på den primärbehandling mot missbruk enligt tolvstegsprogrammet och Recovery Dynamics som bedrivs vid Avstampet. Behandlingen är drog- och medicinfri. Studiens design byggde på en programteoriansats med inslag av en måluppfyllelsemodell. Programteoriansatsen användes för att ta fram en lokal och verksamhetsspecifik teori som beskriver, och i viss mån förklarar, hur och varför Avstampet uppnår sina behandlingsresultat. Med hjälp av en måluppfyllelseanalys granskades verksamhetens avsedda och uppnådda mål. Studiens teoretiska referensram bestod av KAIMeR-teorin och den kontextuella modellen vid terapeutisk behandling. Studiens data bygger på tre fokusgruppsintervjuer med personalen som genomfördes under perioden september 2019 till februari 2020.Det övergripande resultat Avstampet eftersträvar är en långvarig stabil förändring och drogfrihet i klientens liv. Klienterna ska klara av motgångar och utmaningar utan att falla tillbaka i missbruk. I resultatbeskrivning kan man identifiera både kort- och långsiktiga resultat som kan ha en yt-, processuell- eller djupaspekt. Recovery Dynamics och manualbaserade insatser utgör centrala delar i behandlingen men kompletteras av informella och situationsanpassade insatser samt gruppinsatser. De informella insatserna baserar sig på medlevarskap och är oftast icke-uttalade. Fyra olika typer av informella insatser kunde identifieras: bemötande och omtanke, fysisk beröring, upplevelser och att agera pedagogiskt opedagogisk. Situationsanpassade insatser skräddarsys på basis av klienternas behov och de kan vara informella eller formella. Gruppinsatser grundar sig i den manualbaserade behandlingen där användningen av gruppsessioner är ett uttalat inslag.I behandlingen ingår utomterapeutiska faktorer, dvs. behandlingselement som sker utanför Avstampets väggar. Klienterna deltar i AA/NA-möten som ordnas i närområdet. Personalen hjälper klienten med saker som hör till klienternas privatliv. Man uppmuntrar också både klienten och handläggaren att ha kontakt under tiden klienten är på behandlingshemmet. Dessutom är utomterapeutiska faktorer ”inbyggda” i tolvstegsbehandlingen, i och med att de sista stegen (efter primärbehandlingen) innebär att gå ut i samhället och stötta andra individer i aktivt missbruk.Personalen har en klar uppfattning om vilka antaganden som styr behandlingen och som formar deras förhållningssätt till klienterna. Man utgår från att beroende är en sjukdom med fysiska, mentala och känslomässiga inslag och att behandlingen ska vara fri från mediciner och droger. Personalens handlingar utgår från ett relationellt förhållningssätt och medlevarskap och varje klient har en egen kontaktperson. Ett centralt antagande är att klienten ska lära sig nya verktyg under behandlingen, vilket personalen undervisar om, och att klienten förväntas ta ansvar för sin förändringsprocess, men med vägledning från Avstampet. Klienterna förväntas också stötta varandra under processen och delta i matchningsprocessen av nya klienter. I studien identifierades fyra främjande kontextuella faktorer: 1) att det på Avstampet finns strikta regler och en tydlig vardagsstruktur som stödjer klienternas förändringsprocess; 2) verksamhetens småskalighet, dvs. att det endast finns 10 platser; 3) personalens starka sammanhållning, laganda och gemensamma synsätt på beroendevård och relationens betydelse för en lyckad behandling; 4) att personalen har god kännedom om, och förståelse för, den kontext klienterna kommer ifrån och att klientens livsvärld utanför behandlingshemmet beaktas vid behov under behandlingen. I studien identifierades inga kontextuella faktorer som direkt motverkar behandlingsresultaten.
8.	Andersson-Långdahl, Gun-Eva, et al. (författare) Rådgivningen Oden : utveckling av programteori om hur en verksamhet för missbruksbehandling fungerar 2014 Rapport (refereegranskat)
9.	Andersson-Långdahl, Gun-Eva, et al. (författare) Why is the counselling agency Oden successful? : a joint evaluation and research project by social workers and researchers 2013 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
10.	Anttila, Sten, 1958-, et al. (författare) "Utvärdering av sociala insatser kräver medverkan av folk från fältet" 2016 Ingår i: Medicinsk vetenskap & praxis : information från SBU. - Stockholm : Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärdering (SBU). - 1104-1250. ; :1, s. 8-9 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Framgångsrika utvärderingar på socialtjänstens område är beroende av information från både forskare, socialarbetare och brukare. Det skriver Sten Anttila på SBU och Björn Blom, professor i socialt arbete i Umeå.
11.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) A Comparative Analysis of Social Services Organizations in Sweden and China. Lessons for Social Work and Social Development Practice 2016 Ingår i: SWSD 2016. - Seoul. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The presentation covers a comparative analysis of social services organizations in Sweden and China, which includes lessons for social work and social development practice.The presentation describes how social services organizations in Sweden and China have developed since the 1970s, as well as their current state. This is followed by an analysis of these country's social services organizations, which focus on main advantages and disadvantages, for social workers and service users/clients. In conclusion, we present lessons for social work as well as the social development practice. The presentation is based on our own empirical research and a review of previous research in this area.Sweden is one of the world’s most developed welfare states and has had publicly organized social services, on a municipal level, since the 1950s. China has not had well-developed and modern systems of social welfare and social service. Moreover, the traditional social welfare system in China, formed during the planned economy era (1953-1978), is not adequate for the modern China. However, China is currently developing a welfare system with publicly organized social services. The Chinese transformation project is partly inspired from other countries, including Sweden.The presentation includes a discussion of two common assumptions: 1) that social services organizations in western welfare states have been developed optimally, and that non-welfare states only need to copy them to obtain well-functioning social services, and 2) that welfare states like Sweden have little to learn from countries like China, concerning social services organizations. We argue that these assumptions are incorrect, e.g. by showing that social services organizations are not universally appropriate, and that such organizations cannot be detached from the culture and mentality in a country.
12.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Analys av korta narrativ 2021. - 2 Ingår i: Att forska i socialt arbete. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144131603 ; , s. 165-197 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
13.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Analysing written narratives : considerations on the ‘code-totality problems’ 2010 Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Social Research. - Lillehammer : The Centre for Public Policy Innovation, Lillehammer University College (HiL). - 1892-2783. ; 1:1, s. 1-20 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This article describes and discusses a number of fundamental aspects of analysing short written narratives. Of particular interest are the code-totality problems that arise during the transformation of several individual stories into a collective narrative. This article starts with a brief introduction to our previous narrative research on Swedish social-work students, which is followed by a description of textual interpretation according to Paul Ricoeur’s theory of interpretation, and a discussion and elaboration on the different concepts of meaning within his theory. The core of this article is an account of four models for analysing narrative data from several informants. This is followed by a concrete example of the implications that follow from the implementation of these models. We conclude that the degree of heterogeneity in the narrative material affects the choice of the mode of textual analysis and the code compilation.
14.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Analysis of generative mechanisms 2011 Ingår i: Journal of Critical Realism. - London : Equinox Publishing. - 1476-7430 .- 1572-5138. ; 10:1, s. 60-79 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The focus of this article is the analysis of generative mechanisms, a basic concept and phenomenon within the metatheoretical perspective of critical realism. It is emphasized that research questions and methods, as well as the knowledge it is possible to attain, depend on the basic view – ontologically and epistemologically – regarding the phenomenon under scrutiny. A generative mechanism is described as a trans empirical but real existing entity, explaining why observable events occur. Mechanisms are mostly possible to grasp only indirectly by analytical work (theory-building), based however on empirical observations. In order to achieve such an explanatory analysis, five methodological steps are suggested and discussed, among them abduction and retroduction. These steps are illustrated throughout by examples drawn from empirical research regarding social work practice. The article is concluded with a discussion of the need for knowledge of generative mechanisms.
15.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Analysis of written narratives : how to handle the ”code-totality problems” 2008 Ingår i: ”Den berättande människan". Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
16.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Decision-making in problematic situations : reflections on social workers’ use of knowledge and implications for social work research 2014 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Currently there is an effort to make social workers act according to principles of evidence-based practice. This approach assumes that by supporting social workers with reviews of “what works”, or practice guidelines, decision-making, and knowledge use will improve.Our paper discusses decision-making and knowledge use in social work practice. What kind of knowledge is used? How is decision-making conditioned by contextual contingencies? What are the implications for social work research?The paper draws on two studies of social workers. From the study Social Workers and Doctors Use of Knowledge in Practice, written narratives describing problematic situations where decision-making were hampered were collected. The participants (29 social workers) were experienced and came from different areas of the Swedish social services.The project “Specialization or integration in the Personal Social Services?” studied how specialised respectively integrated organisations condition interventions and outcomes. We studied three organisational models using several research methods: 1) survey among social workers, 2) interviewing politicians, mangers and social workers, 3) focus groups with social workers, 4) analysing official documents, guidelines etc.Decision-making and knowledge use proved to be more complex than usually assumed within the EBP paradigm. It is seldom just a matter of rational decision-making and matching specific interventions and well-defined social problems. The character of the interaction with clients conditions social workers’ decision-making and use of knowledge. Interaction with clients, perceived as being “problematic”, causes a rupture in social workers’ professional routine practice, which affects decision-making and knowledge use.The predominant discourse on decision-making and knowledge use focuses on "the best” kind of knowledge, how knowledge should be implemented, as well as professionals’ motivation and competence. Professional action is largely viewed as a rational cognitive process. However, this is insufficient and policy-makers and social work researcher should focus more on social and relational aspects (i.e. client encounters) of decision-making and knowledge use.
17.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) European social and caring professions in transition 2017 Ingår i: Social and caring professions in European welfare states. - Bristol : Policy Press. - 9781447327196 - 9781447336518 ; , s. 1-17 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
18.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Evaluation of quality in social-work practice 2012 Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Social Research. - Lillehammer, Norge : The Centre for Innovation in Services (CIS). - 1892-2783. ; 3, s. 1-17 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This theoretical article describes and discusses the concept of quality in relation to the evaluation of social-work practice. Of particular interest are the difference between quality of services and quality of life and the importance of balancing the stakeholders’ different interests in order to make a sound judgement of quality in social work possible. This article begins with presenting some basic perspectives on quality as well as the transference of the concept of quality from manufacturing industry to social-work practice. Thereafter the two main issues are discussed: the concepts of quality of service and of quality of life and the importance of balancing different stakeholders’ perspectives in the evaluation of quality in social-work practice. This article concludes that: 1) it is crucial to be aware of and to consider the distinction between quality of service and quality of life; 2) clients’ perspective on quality of life is an aspect of outcome that currently receives insufficient attention; 3) clients’ subjective experiences of welfare of well-being deserve greater attention for ethical as well as methodological reasons; and 4) judgement of quality in social work are inevitably dependent on different stakeholders’ perspectives.
19.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Explaining social work practice : the CAIMeR theory 2015 Ingår i: Social work research. - : Sage Publications. - 9781446295793 ; , s. 239-260 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract Summary: This article presents the CAIMeR theory, consisting of a conceptual framework and a theoretical model, which can help explain how results in social work practice arise from interventions and its contextual contingencies. The theory has been developed over several years in connection with empirical studies, and together with social workers. Findings: The article starts from the meta-theoretical perspective critical realism and its notion of explanative knowledge as a stepping stone to open up the so-called black box. A fundamental concept in critical realism, generative mechanisms, is discussed and elaborated. Applications: The CAIMeR theory can be used in several contexts: social work practice, and for evaluation of social work, and, moreover, for organization development in social work. We argue that social workers, evaluators and decision-makers need accurate theory about the core activity (work with clients) within its contextual conditions. The CAIMeR theory pays attention to generative mechanisms at different levels, which is necessary if one wants to understand what is going on in a certain agency, and explain the results in a more qualified way. The theory can also be useful for researchers and university students that need a comprehensive explanative framework when studying phenomena in social work practice.
20.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Explaining social work practice : The CAIMeR theory 2010 Ingår i: Journal of Social Work. - : Sage. - 1468-0173 .- 1741-296X. ; 10:1, s. 98-119 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract • Summary: This article presents the CAIMeR theory, consisting of a conceptual framework and a theoretical model, which can help explain how results in social work practice arise from interventions and its contextual contingencies. The theory has been developed over several years in connection with empirical studies, and together with social workers. • Findings: The article starts from the meta-theoretical perspective critical realism and its notion of explanative knowledge as a stepping stone to open up the so-called black box. A fundamental concept in critical realism, generative mechanisms, is discussed and elaborated. • Applications : The CAIMeR theory can be used in several contexts: social work practice, and for evaluation of social work, and, moreover, for organization development in social work. We argue that social workers, evaluators and decision-makers need accurate theory about the core activity (work with clients) within its contextual conditions. The CAIMeR theory pays attention to generative mechanisms at different levels, which is necessary if one wants to understand what is going on in a certain agency, and explain the results in a more qualified way. The theory can also be useful for researchers and university students that need a comprehensive explanative framework when studying phenomena in social work practice.
21.	Blom, Björn, 1965- (författare) From Vision to Reality in the Personal Social Services in Sweden : how organizational specialization affects clients and social workers 2012 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
22.	Blom, Björn, 1965- (författare) [Förord till] Annemette Matthiessen, Birgitte Zeeberg & Maja Haack: Specialisering – et tveægget sværd? En undersøgelse af organisering i børne- og ungeafdelninger set fra en sagsbehandler- og en familiesynsvinkel. 2017 Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Hvordan skal arbejdet med socialt udsatte mennesker organiseres? Det er et spørgsmål som har været aktuelt i den vestlige verden siden slutningen af 1800-tallet, da fattigvæsen og finantropi overgik til at blive det vi nu kalder socialt arbejde. Idag arbejder socialarbejdere i de nordiske lande næsten udelukkende i organisationer, først og fremmest i kommuner, regioner eller staten. I denne rapport, som handler om socialforvaltningens arbejde med børn og unge i Danmark, bliver det tydeligt, at spørgsmålet om, hvordan det socialt arbejde skal organiseres endnu ikke er besvaret, selv om problematikken har eksisteret i mere end 100 år.
23.	Blom, Björn, 1965- (författare) Förord till den svenska utgåvan 2016 Ingår i: Att bli socialarbetare. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144097220 ; , s. 9-10 Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Både under och efter studierna i socialt arbete kan det vara svårt att ta ett steg tillbaka och reflektera över vad det innebär att vara socialarbetare. Med det som utgångspunkt diskuterar Att bli socialarbetare kunskapsbasen i socialt arbete – från mänsklig utveckling till det sociala arbetets praktik – och undersöker hur dina egna värderingar, principer och erfarenheter tillsammans formar din identitet och praktik som socialarbetare.
24.	Blom, Björn, 1965- (författare) Förord till den svenska utgåvan 2013 Ingår i: Värdebaserad ledning i offentliga professioner<em> </em>. - Lund. - 9789144091853 ; , s. 7-8 Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
25.	Blom, Björn, 1965- (författare) Generative mechanisms in social work practice : how they differ from other types of mechanisms 2013 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The focus of my presentation is generative mechanisms, a basic concept and phenomenon within the meta-theoretical perspective of critical realism. Briefly, a generative mechanism is as a trans-empirical but real existing entity, making events occur. Mechanisms are mostly possible to grasp only indirectly by analytical work (theory building), based however on empirical observations. More specifically I will concentrate on generative mechanisms in social work practice, and how they differ from other types of generative mechanisms.
26.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Hur bör socialtjänstens IFO organiseras? 2011 Ingår i: Tidskriften Socionomen. - Stockholm : Akademikerförbundet SSR. - 0283-1929. ; :4, s. 12-16 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
27.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Hälso- och sjukvården – en central arena för socialt arbete 2014. - 1 Ingår i: Socialt arbete i hälso- och sjukvård. - Stockholm : Natur och kultur. - 9789127134072 ; , s. 17-31 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
28.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Inledning : Utvärdering i socialt arbete 2011. - 1 Ingår i: Utvärdering i socialt arbete. - Stockholm : Natur & Kultur. - 9789127119826 ; , s. 17-33 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
29.	Blom, Björn, 1965- (författare) Knowing or un-knowing? : that is the question in the era of evidence-based social work practice 2009 Ingår i: Journal of Social Work. - : Sage. - 1468-0173 .- 1741-296X. ; 9:2, s. 158-177 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract • Summary: A present trend in social work is the focus on evidence-based knowledge. This kind of knowledge does fill a purpose, but is not sufficient on its own. The article argues that social workers need a complement to knowing, and this approach could be conceptualized as un-knowing. In this article, a theory of un-knowing for social work practice is outlined. This implies a theoretical scrutiny of knowing and un-knowing and a discussion of how it can be used in practice. Moreover, the article presents findings from an empirical study of social work students who describe their usage of different forms of knowledge reflexively.• Findings: The article presents the results of a study in which social work students' usage of different forms of knowledge in their field studies was examined. The results demonstrate that social work students use different forms of knowledge in practice, and un-knowing is one of the actively used forms. Women tend to use un-knowing somewhat more than men.• Applications : The article is a contribution to the ongoing debate on evidence-based practice in social work. It is argued that it is important to teach social work students to understand un-knowing in theory and to use it in practice, and in combination with other forms of knowledge in social work.
30.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Kritisk realistisk utvärdering 2011. - 1 Ingår i: Utvärdering i socialt arbete. - Stockholm : Natur & Kultur. - 9789127119826 ; , s. 139-154 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
31.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Kunskapsbasering av socialt arbete : ett förklarande perspektiv 2009 Ingår i: Socionomen. - Stockholm : Akademikerförbundet SSR. - 0283-1929. ; :2, s. 12-17 Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
32.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Kuratorn : det sociala arbetets centrala aktör i skolan 2020. - 1 Ingår i: Socialt arbete i skolan. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144109640 ; , s. 19-26 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
33.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Kvalitetsbegreppet 2011. - 1 Ingår i: Utvärdering i socialt arbete. - Stockholm : Natur & Kultur. - 9789127119826 ; , s. 71-87 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
34.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Olikheter och beröringspunkter 2013. - 2 Ingår i: Kunskap i socialt arbete. - Stockholm : Natur och kultur. - 9789127134065 ; , s. 176-179 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
35.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Organisational structure as barrier or support in the personal social services? : Results from a client survey 2009 Ingår i: Dilemmas for human services 2009. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
36.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Outline of a theory of stigmatization in social work practice 2022 Ingår i: Nationell paperkonferens i socialt arbete (NaPSa). - 9789189460126 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Stigma is a theoretical concept widely used in different disciplines. Yet, previous theoretical outlooks on stigma have been fairly general. This means that existing stigma theory can be used in different settings, but it does not always provide sufficiently specific explanations. We argue that it is possible to develop a more specific theory of stigma. Our paper will outline a theory that describes and explains stigmatization processes in social work practice.This effort emanates from previous research experiences when we conducted an empirical study of stigmatization processes in social work in Sweden and the United States. The paper will focus on two questions:• Which theoretical propositions must be included in a theory able to describe and explain stigmatization processes in social work practice?• How should these theoretical propositions be transformed into a graphic model in order to illustrate the dynamics of stigmatization processes in social work practice?We will present a stepwise description of our work to outline a theory of stigmatization processes in social work practice. The building blocks of this theory originate from existing theories and previous empirical research, including our own study of stigmatization processes among social workers. The paper will therefore include parts of our empirical study of social workers in Sweden and the USA (Carpholt, Blom & Krull, 2021). The outline is presented as theoretical propositions and as a graphic model.Finally, we discuss contributions to existing theory and potential implications for policy and practice, especially in relation to social work in the social services.
37.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Outline of a theory of stigmatization in the personal social services 2023 Ingår i: Nordic Social Work Research. - : Routledge. - 2156-857X .- 2156-8588. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This article presents an outline of a theory of stigmatization, consisting of theoretical propositions and a graphic model, which can help describe and explain stigmatization processes in the personal social services. The building blocks of the theory originate from existing theories and previous empirical research including our own study of stigmatization processes among social workers in Sweden and the United States. Pattern matching methodology was key to identifying a need for a new theory. Contributions to existing theory and potential implications for policy and practice are discussed, especially in relation to social work in the personal social services. The outlined theory contributes to existing stigma theory in several ways, of which three key findings are highlighted. The theory suggests: 1) that stigmatization processes can go in several directions, sometimes simultaneously; 2) that stigmatization processes can involve mutual reinforcement which can develop into a negative spiral; 3) that stigma can be placed upon social work as an institution. The outlined theory can be used as a starting point for analysing stigmatization processes in social work in several contexts, such as different institutional or organizational settings. We argue that existing stigma theory does not always provide sufficiently deep or specific explanations that are appropriate for the uniqueness of different settings. Thus, there is a need for a theory that is more precise and adapted to such a setting. The framework can be useful for researchers and university students that need a theory when studying stigma processes in social work practice.
38.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Perspektiv och utvecklingslinjer 2013. - 2 Ingår i: Kunskap i socialt arbete. - Stockholm : Natur och kultur. - 9789127134065 ; , s. 79-82 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
39.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Quality of life and quality of evaluation : how do they relate in social work practice? 2011 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
40.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Register data in the evaluation and program planning of addiction treatment programs : using Sweden as an example 2015 Ingår i: Evaluation and Program Planning. - : Elsevier. - 0149-7189 .- 1873-7870. ; 49, s. 185-191 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Data from large-scale registers is often underutilized when evaluating addiction treatment programs. Since many programs collect register data regarding clients and interventions, there is a potential to make greater use of such records for program evaluation. The purpose of this article is to discuss the value of using large-scale registers in the evaluation and program planning of addiction treatment systems and programs. Sweden is used as an example of a country where register data is both available and is starting to be used in national evaluation and program planning efforts. The article focuses on possibilities, limitations and practicalities when using large-scale register data to conduct evaluations and program planning of addiction treatment programs. Main conclusions are that using register data for evaluation provides large amounts of data at low cost, limitations associated to the use of register data may be handled statistically, register data can answer important questions in planning of addiction treatment programs, and more accurate measures are needed to account for the diversity of client populations.
41.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Review of the book: Toward evidence-based practice: variations on a theme 2011 Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 14:1, s. 142-145 Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
42.	Blom, Björn, 1965- (författare) Social work research and evaluation : a critical realist perspective 2013 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Research on evidence in social work, inspired by evidence research and evaluation in medicine, mainly builds on empirical correlations between standardized methods and its effects on clients. This kind of research is a prerequisite for evidence-based practice (EBP). The ambition is to verify that certain methods probably are more effective than others, but the content and processes in between interventions and results remains a black box. This kind of research and evaluation is mainstream in the field of EBP, and randomised controlled trials usually are regarded as ”gold standard”.However, if the ambition is to explain how and why results emerge from the content of interventions and its contextual contingencies – to open up the black box – the research or evaluation task will be quite different. In order to discover the powers and causes in the social reality, that in a deeper sense explain empirical observations, we have to turn to a meta-theoretical perspective taking us beneath the empirical surface. Powers and causes in social reality are seldom observable, rather we must grasp them in terms of abstract entities like structures and patterns of generative mechanisms. It is a matter of developing theory about these structures and mechanisms, based on empirical observations. The meta-theoretical perspective critical realism can work as guide to this sub-empirical dimension of social reality.This presentation presents the CAIMeR theory that connects critical realism to social work research and evaluation. This theory can help us explain the way results in social work practice arise from the content of interventions and its contextual contingencies.
43.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Socialt arbete i skolan : utmaningar och utvecklingslinjer 2020. - 1 Ingår i: Socialt arbete i skolan. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144109640 ; , s. 241-256 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
44.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Socialtjänstens arbete med social hållbarhet : en introduktion 2023 Ingår i: Socialtjänstens arbete med social hållbarhet. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144153162 ; , s. 21-37 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Den här antologin handlar om socialtjänstens arbete med social hållbarhet. Det är ett tema som per definition kan sägas vara betydelsefullt, men samtidigt är det oklart vad det innebär, både i teori och praktik. Vi förmodar att olika läsare närmar sig boken med skilda förväntningar och förkunskaper. Några frågor som antagligen kan infinna sig är: Vad är social hållbarhet? Vad finns det för koppling mellan social hållbarhet och socialtjänstens arbete? Är socialtjänstens arbete med social hållbarhet något nytt? Vilka behöver kunskap om socialtjänstens arbete med social hållbarhet och varför? I det här kapitlet för vi en introducerade diskussion i anslutning till dessa frågor. Därigenom läggs en grund för bokens övriga kapitel där olika aspekter av socialtjänstens arbete med social hållbarhet behandlas mer ingående.
45.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Socionomstudenters kunskapsanvändning i kritiska situationer under studiepraktiken 2013. - 2 Ingår i: Kunskap i socialt arbete. - Stockholm : Natur och kultur. - 9789127134065 ; , s. 193-207 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
46.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Teori för socialt arbete 2015. - 1 Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract I den här boken redovisas en teori som har ambitionen att både beskriva och förklara hur det sociala arbetet fungerar. Det är den första svenska boken i sitt slag som presenterar teori utvecklad specifikt ur och för det sociala arbetets praktik. En av grundfrågorna är: Hur kan man förklara hur resultat i socialt arbete uppstår som en följd av socialarbetares och klienters insatser under vissa kontextuella villkor? Teorin går under benämningen KAIMeR, vilket innebär att den på ett systematiskt och sammanhållet sätt beaktar teori om kontext, aktörer, insatser, mekanismer och resultat. Ett centralt inslag är begreppet generativa mekanismer, med vars hjälp man kan fånga de ofta icke observerbara krafter som gör begripligt hur resultat i socialt arbete uppstår som en följd av insatser och kontextuella villkor. I boken beskrivs också en domänteori som klargör hur socialarbetares professionsutövning betingas av politik, förvaltning och institutionella förhållanden i samhället. Boken vänder sig till studerande i socialt arbete och angränsande områden, men även till forskare, chefer och socialarbetare verksamma inom det sociala arbetets område.
47.	Blom, Björn, 1965-, et al. (författare) Theory for social work practice 2019. - 1 Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This book presents a theory with the ambition of both describing and explaining the nature of social-work practice. It is the first book that presents an explanative theory developed specifically from and for social-work practice.One of the fundamental questions is: How can we explain how results in social-work practice emanate from social worker's and clients' actions under certain contextual conditions?The theory presented in this book is named CAIMeR, which means that it takes a systematic and coherent approach to the theory of Contexts, Actors, Interventions, Mechanisms and Results. The meta-theoretical basis is critical realism, where a key feature is the concept of generative mechanisms. This perspective can help us capture the often unobservable powers that explain how results in social work emerge as a consequence of interventions and contextual conditions. The book also presents a domain theory that explains how social workers' professional practice is conditioned by politics, management and institutional conditions.This book is essential reading for students in social work and adjoining disciplines, but also for researchers, managers and professional social workers.
48.	Boost, Didier, et al. (författare) A detective, physicist, and historian walk into a bar : abduction, retroduction, and retrodiction in critical realist evaluations 2023 Ingår i: Working with critical realism. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 9781032045634 - 9781032045610 - 9781000804577 - 9781003193784 ; , s. 14-28 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
49.	Carpholt, Camilla, 1972-, et al. (författare) Stigmatization Processes in Social Work : a comparative study of social workers in the social services in Sweden and the United States 2021 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Background: This paper investigates how social workers within the social services, in different welfare regimes, comprehend social stigma. This is important since stigmatized social workers can affect clients and the social work negatively, i.e. poorer quality of interventions and poorer quality of results.Theory and method: Two types of theory was used: social stigma, and Esping-Andersen’s typology of welfare regimes. Sweden and the United States was studied, since they represent opposite types of welfare regimes: Social Democratic (Sweden) and US (Liberal). Comparison of social stigma among social workers in two welfare regimes enabled us to study how values, social policies and institutions influenced stigmatization processes.Data was collected through focus group interviews: three in Sweden and three in the United States. Data were analyzed with a conventional content analysis.Findings: Results show significant differences between Sweden and US regarding: 1) how social workers experience that society views social work, 2) what society’s view of social work mean for social workers’ self-perception, 3) how social workers experience that society views the social service clients, 4) what society’s view of clients mean for social workers’ client work. Differences are mainly due to dissimilarities between the various welfare regimes, where stigma is an inherent part of the liberal welfare regime.Conclusion: For social workers to be able to promote dignity and worth of people, they themselves must experience dignity and worth in their professional role. A fundamental prerequisite for this is welfare systems’ recognition of the importance of trusting human relationships.
50.	Ekblom-Bak, Elin, et al. (författare) Sex- and age-specific association between cardiorespiratory fitness, CVD morbidity and all-cause mortality 2019 Ingår i: Europrevent Annual meeting, Lisbon, April, 11-13, 2019. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)

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