| 1. |
- Groenen, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Analyses of pig genomes provide insight into porcine demography and evolution
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 491:7424, s. 393-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For 10,000 years pigs and humans have shared a close and complex relationship. From domestication to modern breeding practices, humans have shaped the genomes of domestic pigs. Here we present the assembly and analysis of the genome sequence of a female domestic Duroc pig (Sus scrofa) and a comparison with the genomes of wild and domestic pigs from Europe and Asia. Wild pigs emerged in South East Asia and subsequently spread across Eurasia. Our results reveal a deep phylogenetic split between European and Asian wild boars approximately 1 million years ago, and a selective sweep analysis indicates selection on genes involved in RNA processing and regulation. Genes associated with immune response and olfaction exhibit fast evolution. Pigs have the largest repertoire of functional olfactory receptor genes, reflecting the importance of smell in this scavenging animal. The pig genome sequence provides an important resource for further improvements of this important livestock species, and our identification of many putative disease-causing variants extends the potential of the pig as a biomedical model.
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| 2. |
- Rajewsky, N., et al.
(författare)
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LifeTime and improving European healthcare through cell-based interceptive medicine
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 587:7834, s. 377-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- LifeTime aims to track, understand and target human cells during the onset and progression of complex diseases and their response to therapy at single-cell resolution. This mission will be implemented through the development and integration of single-cell multi-omics and imaging, artificial intelligence and patient-derived experimental disease models during progression from health to disease. Analysis of such large molecular and clinical datasets will discover molecular mechanisms, create predictive computational models of disease progression, and reveal new drug targets and therapies. Timely detection and interception of disease embedded in an ethical and patient-centered vision will be achieved through interactions across academia, hospitals, patient-associations, health data management systems and industry. Applying this strategy to key medical challenges in cancer, neurological, infectious, chronic inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases at the single-cell level will usher in cell-based interceptive medicine in Europe over the next decade.
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| 3. |
- Auffray, C., et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 and beyond : a call for action and audacious solidarity to all the citizens and nations, it is humanity’s fight
- 2020
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Ingår i: F1000 Research. - : F1000 Research Ltd. - 2046-1402. ; 9, s. 1130-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) belongs to a subgroup of coronaviruses rampant in bats for centuries. It caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Most patients recover, but a minority of severe cases experience acute respiratory distress or an inflammatory storm devastating many organs that can lead to patient death. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 was facilitated by the increasing intensity of air travel, urban congestion and human contact during the past decades. Until therapies and vaccines are available, tests for virus exposure, confinement and distancing measures have helped curb the pandemic. Vision: The COVID-19 pandemic calls for safeguards and remediation measures through a systemic response. Self-organizing initiatives by scientists and citizens are developing an advanced collective intelligence response to the coronavirus crisis. Their integration forms Olympiads of Solidarity and Health. Their ability to optimize our response to COVID-19 could serve as a model to trigger a global metamorphosis of our societies with far-reaching consequences for attacking fundamental challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. Mission: For COVID-19 and these other challenges, there is no alternative but action. Meeting in Paris in 2003, we set out to "rethink research to understand life and improve health." We have formed an international coalition of academia and industry ecosystems taking a systems medicine approach to understanding COVID-19 by thoroughly characterizing viruses, patients and populations during the pandemic, using openly shared tools. All results will be publicly available with no initial claims for intellectual property rights. This World Alliance for Health and Wellbeing will catalyze the creation of medical and health products such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines that become common goods accessible to all, while seeking further alliances with civil society to bridge with socio-ecological and technological approaches that characterise urban systems, for a collective response to future health emergencies.
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| 4. |
- Bimbot, F, et al.
(författare)
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An overview of the PICASSO project research activities in speaker verification for telephone applications
- 1999
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a general overview of the current research activities in the European PICASSO project on speaker verification for telephone applications. First, the general formalism used by the project is described. Then the scientific issues under focus are discussed in detail. Finally, the paper briefly describes the Picassoft research platform. Along the article, entry points to more specific work also published in the Eurospeech’99 proceedings are given.
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| 5. |
- Blomberg, Lars G., et al.
(författare)
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MEFISTO - An electric field instrument for BepiColombo/MMO
- 2006
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 38:4, s. 672-679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MEFISTO, together with the companion instrument WPT, are planning the first-ever in situ measurements of the electric field in the magnetosphere of planet Mercury. The instruments have been selected by JAXA for inclusion in the BepiColombo/MMO payload, as part of the Plasma Wave Investigation coordinated by Kyoto University. The magnetosphere of Mercury was discovered by Mariner 10 in 1974 and will be studied further by Messenger starting in 2011. However, neither spacecraft did or will measure the electric field. Electric fields are crucial in the dynamics of a magnetosphere and for the energy and plasma transport between different regions within the magnetosphere as well as between the magnetosphere and the surrounding regions. The MEFISTO instrument will be capable of measuring electric fields from DC to 3 MHz, and will thus also allow diagnostics of waves at all frequencies of relevance to the Hermean magnetosphere. MEFISTO is a double-probe electric field instrument. The double-probe technique has strong heritage and is well proven on missions such as Viking, Polar, and Cluster. For BepiColombo, a newly developed deployment mechanism is planned which reduces the mass by a factor of about 5 compared to conventional mechanisms for 15 in long booms. We describe the basic characteristics of the instrument and briefly discuss the new developments made to tailor the instrument to flight in Mercury orbit.
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| 6. |
- Brown, J L, et al.
(författare)
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Lower airways inflammation in allergic rhinitics : a comparison with asthmatics and normal controls
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 37:5, s. 688-695
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma represent a continuum of atopic disease. AR is believed to pre‐dispose an individual to asthma. Compared with asthmatics and normal controls, the inflammatory response in the lower airways of rhinitics is not fully elucidated. To test the hypothesis that the inflammatory response in the airways of subjects with AR is at a level intermediate between that in normal controls and asthmatics, we have characterized bronchial inflammation and cytokine mRNA levels in non‐asthmatic allergic rhinitics and compared it with subjects with allergic asthma and with normal controls.Methods: Endobronchial mucosal biopsies were obtained at bronchoscopy from 14 allergic rhinitics, 16 asthmatics and 21 normal controls. Biopsies were embedded into glycol methacrylate resin for immunohistochemical analysis of cellular inflammation and snap frozen for semi‐quantitative PCR analysis of cytokine mRNA levels.Results: Airway inflammation in rhinitic subjects was characterized by an increase in submucosal eosinophils, mast cells and the mRNA expression of TNF‐α, at an intermediate level between healthy and asthmatics. In addition, CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the epithelium, the endothelial expression of vascular adhesion molecule‐1 and IL‐1β mRNA were higher in the allergic rhinitics compared with both normal controls and asthmatics, whereas growth‐related oncogene α‐mRNA was decreased in AR compared with both healthy and asthmatics. Airway inflammation in the asthmatic group was characterized by higher numbers of eosinophils and mast cells, together with an increase in TNF‐α‐mRNA compared with both healthy and rhinitics. IFN‐γ mRNA was the highest in normal controls and lowest in the asthmatics.Conclusions: In individuals with AR the present data suggest an intermediate state of airway inflammation between that observed in normal individuals and subjects with clinical asthma. It is also indicated that IFN‐γ production by CD8+ T lymphocytes could be protective against the development of airway hyperresponsiveness. Further work is needed to evaluate this hypothesis.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Sandell, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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As time goes by. Long-term outcomes of psychoanalysis and long-term psychotherapy
- 1999
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Ingår i: Forum der Psychoanalyse (Print). - 0178-7667 .- 1437-0751. ; 15:4, s. 327-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Generalizations about the outcomes of psychotherapy are essentially based on research on brief therapies with quite short follow-up. The present paper is a survey of some of the findings in an effectiveness study of psychoanalysis and long-term psychotherapy, typically psychoanalytically oriented, in private practice. The design was a three-wave panel comprising more than 700 patients. At the end of the third wave, 418 patients in different phases of treatment remained in the sample. Across a reconstructed time scale covering roughly seven years, before, during, and after treatment, the 74 psychoanalysis cases described a very positive development, whereas the development among the 331 psychotherapy cases was moderately positive. The findings emphasize the importance of extended follow-up. When therapist variables are considered, therapeutic experience had complex or mixed associations with patients outcome. Especially positive were high age and many years, in private practice, after licensing. Therapeutic ideals and attitudes divided the therapist group in three subgroups, one of which was characterized by purely classical psychoanalytic views on the values of support, friendliness etc. Therapists in the classically psychoanalytic cluster were found to do poorly with patients in psychotherapy, in contrast to patients in psychoanalysis. It is concluded that psychoanalysis and psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy are qualitatively different.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Sandell, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in long-term effects of psychoanalysis and extended psychotherapy. Findings from the stockholm psychoanalysis and psychotherapy project.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Psyche. - 0033-2623. ; 55:3, s. 277-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors present the major findings of a targe-scale study on subsidized psychoanalyses and long-term psychotherapies in Sweden. Over 400 persons examined at various stages of treatment were re-examined in a follow-up study three years later using face-to-face interviews, questionnaires and official statistics. The significant outcomes from the evaluation of the data are a) the significantly better treatment results achieved by psychoanalysis compared with psychotherapy, b) the better results achieved by more experienced psychoanalysts, c) the higher success rate achieved by female treatment-providers, d) the positive effect of high treatment duration and high session frequency on the treatment and e) the negative effect of the psychoanalytic stance into psychotherapeutic setting.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Sandell, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Varieties of long-term outcome among patients in psychoanalysis and long-term psychotherapy - A review of findings in the Stockholm Outcome of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy Project (STOPPP)
- 2000
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Psychoanalysis. - 0020-7578 .- 1745-8315. ; 81, s. 921-942
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports the main findings of a large-scale study of subsidised psychoanalysis and long-term psychotherapy. More than 400 people in various phases, before, during and after subsidised psychoanalysis or long-term psychodynamic psyche therapy, were followed up for a period of three years with personal interviews, questionnaires and official statistics. Our analyses revealed progressive improvement the longer patients were in treatment-impressively strong among patients in psychoanalysis-on self-rating measures of symptom distress and morale. Improvement, however was equally weak in both groups on a self-rating measure of social relations. Dosage factors (treatment duration and session frequency in combination) partly accounted for the outcome differences between those referred to psychoanalysis and those referred to long-term psychotherapy. Attitudes and ideals among therapists and analysts concerning the goals and means of psychotherapy were also associated with patient outcome, although in rather complex ways. A significant part of the outcome differences between patients in psychoanalysis and in psychotherapy could be explained by the adoption, in a large group of therapists, of orthodox psychoanalytic attitudes that seemed to be counterproductive in the practice of psychotherapy but not in psychoanalysis. It is suggested that this effect may be a negative transfer of the psychoanalytic stance into psychotherapeutic practice and that this may be especially pronounced when the attitudes are not backed tip by psychoanalytic training.
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| 14. |
- Watanabe, A, et al.
(författare)
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Gunnar Fant 60 years
- 1979
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Ingår i: TMH-QPSR. ; 20:2, s. 1-45
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 15. |
- Adrian-Kalchhauser, I., et al.
(författare)
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The round goby genome provides insights into mechanisms that may facilitate biological invasions
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-7007. ; 18:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The invasive benthic round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is the most successful temperate invasive fish and has spread in aquatic ecosystems on both sides of the Atlantic. Invasive species constitute powerful in situ experimental systems to study fast adaptation and directional selection on short ecological timescales and present promising case studies to understand factors involved the impressive ability of some species to colonize novel environments. We seize the unique opportunity presented by the round goby invasion to study genomic substrates potentially involved in colonization success. Results We report a highly contiguous long-read-based genome and analyze gene families that we hypothesize to relate to the ability of these fish to deal with novel environments. The analyses provide novel insights from the large evolutionary scale to the small species-specific scale. We describe expansions in specific cytochrome P450 enzymes, a remarkably diverse innate immune system, an ancient duplication in red light vision accompanied by red skin fluorescence, evolutionary patterns of epigenetic regulators, and the presence of osmoregulatory genes that may have contributed to the round goby's capacity to invade cold and salty waters. A recurring theme across all analyzed gene families is gene expansions. Conclusions The expanded innate immune system of round goby may potentially contribute to its ability to colonize novel areas. Since other gene families also feature copy number expansions in the round goby, and since other Gobiidae also feature fascinating environmental adaptations and are excellent colonizers, further long-read genome approaches across the goby family may reveal whether gene copy number expansions are more generally related to the ability to conquer new habitats in Gobiidae or in fish.
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| 16. |
- Albertin, S., et al.
(författare)
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Surface optical reflectance combined with x-ray techniques during gas-surface interactions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics D. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0022-3727 .- 1361-6463. ; 53:22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High energy surface x-ray diffraction (HESXRD), x-ray reflectivity (XRR), mass spectrometry (MS) and surface optical reflectance (SOR) have been combined to simultaneously obtain sub-second information on the surface structure and morphology from a Pd(100) model catalyst during in situ oxidation at elevated temperatures and pressures resulting in Pd bulk oxide formation. The results show a strong correlation between the HESXRD and SOR signal intensities during the experiment, enabling phase determination and a time-resolved thickness estimation of the oxide by HESXRD, complemented by XRR measurements. The experiments show a remarkable sensitivity of the SOR to changes in the surface phase and morphology, in particular to the initial stages of oxidation/reduction. The data imply that SOR can detect the formation of an ultrathin PdO surface oxide layer of only 2-3 angstrom thickness.
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| 17. |
- Bertenstam, J, et al.
(författare)
-
THE WAXHOLM APPLICATION DATABASE
- 1995
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes an application database collected in Wizard-of-Oz experiments in a spoken dialogue system, WAXHOLM. The system provides information on boat traffic in the Stockholm archipelago. The database consists of utterance-length speech files, their corressonding transcriptions, and log files of the dialogue sessions. In addition to the spontaneous dialogue speech, the material also comprise recordings of phonetically balanced reference sentences uttered by all 66 subjects. In the paper the recording procedure is described as well as some characteristics of the speech data and the dialogue.
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| 18. |
- Bimbot, F, et al.
(författare)
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An overwiev of the CAVE project research activities in speaker verification
- 2000
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Ingår i: Speech Communication. - 0167-6393 .- 1872-7182. ; 31:2-3, s. 155-180
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents an overview of the research activities carried out in the European CAVE project, which focused on text-dependent speaker verification on the telephone network using whole word Hidden Markov Models. It documents in detail various aspects of the technology and the methodology used within the project. In particular, it addresses the issue of model estimation in the context of limited enrollment data and the problem of a posteriori decision threshold setting. Experiments are carried out on the realistic telephone speech database SESP. State-of-the-art performance levels are obtained, which validates the technical approaches developed and assessed during the project as well as the working infrastructure which facilitated cooperation between the partners.
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| 19. |
- Blomberg, S., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of AP-XPS and PLIF Measurements during CO Oxidation over Pd Single Crystals
- 2016
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Ingår i: Topics in Catalysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1022-5528 .- 1572-9028. ; 59:5-7, s. 478-486
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction between the gas-phase molecules and a catalyst surface is crucial for the surface structure and are therefore important to consider when the active phase of a catalyst is studied. In this study we have used two different techniques to study the gas phase during CO oxidation over Pd single crystals. Gas-phase imaging by planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) shows that a spherical boundary layer with a decreasing gradient of CO2 concentration out from the surface, is present close to the surface when the Pd crystal is highly active. Within this boundary layer the gas composition is completely different than that detected at the outlet of the chamber. The PLIF images of the gas-phase distribution are used to achieve a better understanding of the gas composition between the surface and the detector of a set-up for ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS), a common technique for surface structure determination of model catalysts. The results show that also the gas-phase peaks present in the AP-XPS spectra truly represent the gas closest to the surface, which facilitates the interpretation of the AP-XPS spectra and thereby also the understanding of the mechanism behind the reaction process.
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| 20. |
- Cumnock, J. A., et al.
(författare)
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Interplanetary magnetic field control of theta aurora development
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 107:A7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- [1] We ascertain the influence of the B-y component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) on theta aurora evolution. During most cases where a transpolar arc is observed to move across the polar region, and form a theta aurora, there are brief (minutes) southward excursions of IMF B-z, however northward IMF is required prior to theta aurora formation. Observations show that theta aurora can form during strictly northward IMF with its motion consistent with a change in sign of IMF B-y. It is important to note that since transpolar arcs can persist for 20-30 min after the IMF turns southward, errors will occur in assigning instantaneous IMF conditions to snapshots'' of particular auroral patterns. We consider the entire evolution of the theta aurora and the changing IMF conditions. The influence of IMF B-y is best illustrated by examples which occur during steady northward IMF as compared to times when the IMF is northward on average. We show examples, provided by the Polar UV imager, when the IMF is steady northward. For one case, DMSP F13 and F14 provide in situ measurements of precipitating particles, ionospheric plasma flows and ion density. This unique data set enables us to analyze in detail the evolution of a theta aurora, in one case crossing the entire polar region. No sign change in B-z is needed for theta aurora formation.
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| 21. |
- Ferwerda, Bart, et al.
(författare)
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Functional and genetic evidence that the Mal/TIRAP allele variant 180L has been selected by providing protection against septic shock.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 106:25, s. 10272-10277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adequate responses by our innate immune system toward invading pathogens were of vital importance for surviving infections, especially before the antibiotic era. Recently, a polymorphism in Mal (Ser180Leu, TIRAP rs8177374), an important adaptor protein downstream of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 pathways, has been described to provide protection against a broad range of infectious pathogens. We assessed the functional effects of this polymorphism in human experimental endotoxemia, and we demonstrate that individuals bearing the TIRAP 180L allele display an increased, innate immune response to TLR4 and TLR2 ligands, but not to TLR9 stimulation. This phenotype has been related to an increased resistance to infection. However, an overshoot in the release of proinflammatory cytokines by TIRAP 180L homozygous individuals suggests a scenario of balanced evolution. We have also investigated the worldwide distribution of the Ser180Leu polymorphism in 14 populations around the globe to correlate the genetic makeup of TIRAP with the local infectious pressures. Based on the immunological, clinical, and genetic data, we propose that this mutation might have been selected in West Eurasia during the early settlement of this region after the out-of-Africa migration of modern Homo sapiens. This combination of functional and genetic data provides unique insights to our understanding of the pathogenesis of sepsis.
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| 22. |
- Kasaba, Y., et al.
(författare)
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The Plasma Wave Investigation (PWI) onboard the BepiColombo/MMO : First measurement of electric fields, electromagnetic waves, and radio waves around Mercury
- 2010
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Ingår i: Planetary and Space Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-0633 .- 1873-5088. ; 58:1-2, s. 238-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The BepiColombo Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO) spacecraft includes the plasma and radio wave observation system called Plasma Wave Investigation (PWI). Since the receivers for electric field, plasma waves, and radio waves are not installed in any of the preceding spacecraft to Mercury, the PWI will provide the first opportunity for conducting in-situ and remote-sensing observations of electric fields, plasma waves, and radio waves in the Hermean magnetosphere and exosphere. These observations are valuable in studying structure, dynamics, and energy exchange processes in the unique magnetosphere of Mercury. They are characterized by the key words of the non-MHD environment and the peculiar interaction between the relatively large planet without ionosphere and the solar wind with high dynamic pressure. The PWI consists of three sets of receivers (EWO, SORBET, and AM(2)P), connected to two sets of electric field sensors (MEFISTO and WPT) and two kinds of magnetic field sensors (LF-SC and DB-SC). The PWI will observe both waveforms and frequency spectra in the frequency range from DC to 10 MHz for the electric field and from 0.3 Hz to 640kHz for the magnetic field. From 2008, we will start the development of the engineering model, which is conceptually consistent with the flight model design. The present paper discusses the significance and objectives of plasma/radio wave observations in the Hermean magnetosphere, and describes the PWI sensors, receivers and their performance as well as the onboard data processing.
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| 23. |
- Knudsen, D. J., et al.
(författare)
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Sub-kilometer thermal plasma structure near 1750 km altitude in the polar cusp/cleft
- 1994
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276. ; 21:17, s. 1907-1910
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present Freja Cold Plasma Analyzer (CPA) measurements from an encounter with the low altitude (approx.1750 km) polar cusp during which the CPA measured 2-D images of the thermal (0-16 eV) particle distributions at 1.2 s time resolution, and simultaneously made rapid estimates (600/s) of integrated thermal particle flux into the instrument. The high resolution data show bursty ion flux enhancements of the order of tens of percent on time scales of tens of ms, or alternatively, hundreds of m spatial scales. The flux of electrons from 0-16 eV also varied by tens of percent and on temporal/spatial scales comparable to those in the ion cases. There is some evidence that the thermal particle flux variations are associated with intense low-frequency electromagnetic fluctuations with temporal/spatial scales identical to those seen by the CPA (tens of ms. hundreds of m).
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Liti, Gianni, et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics of domestic and wild yeasts.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 458:7236, s. 337-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the completion of the genome sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in 1996 (refs 1, 2), there has been a large increase in complete genome sequences, accompanied by great advances in our understanding of genome evolution. Although little is known about the natural and life histories of yeasts in the wild, there are an increasing number of studies looking at ecological and geographic distributions, population structure and sexual versus asexual reproduction. Less well understood at the whole genome level are the evolutionary processes acting within populations and species that lead to adaptation to different environments, phenotypic differences and reproductive isolation. Here we present one- to fourfold or more coverage of the genome sequences of over seventy isolates of the baker's yeast S. cerevisiae and its closest relative, Saccharomyces paradoxus. We examine variation in gene content, single nucleotide polymorphisms, nucleotide insertions and deletions, copy numbers and transposable elements. We find that phenotypic variation broadly correlates with global genome-wide phylogenetic relationships. S. paradoxus populations are well delineated along geographic boundaries, whereas the variation among worldwide S. cerevisiae isolates shows less differentiation and is comparable to a single S. paradoxus population. Rather than one or two domestication events leading to the extant baker's yeasts, the population structure of S. cerevisiae consists of a few well-defined, geographically isolated lineages and many different mosaics of these lineages, supporting the idea that human influence provided the opportunity for cross-breeding and production of new combinations of pre-existing variations.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Pfaff, S., et al.
(författare)
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Combining high-energy X-ray diffraction with Surface Optical Reflectance and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence for operando catalyst surface characterization
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 90:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have combined three techniques, High Energy Surface X-Ray Diffraction (HESXRD), Surface Optical Reflectance, and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence in an operando study of CO oxidation over a Pd(100) catalyst. We show that these techniques provide useful new insights such as the ability to verify that the finite region being probed by techniques such as HESXRD is representative of the sample surface as a whole. The combination is also suitable to determine when changes in gas composition or surface structure and/or morphology occur and to subsequently correlate them with high temporal resolution. In the study, we confirm previous results which show that the Pd(100) surface reaches high activity before an oxide can be detected. Furthermore, we show that the single crystal catalyst surface does not behave homogeneously, which we attribute to the surface being exposed to inhomogeneous gas conditions in mass transfer limited scenarios.
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| 31. |
- Pierrot, J-B, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of a priori threshold setting procedures for speaker verification in the CAVE project
- 1998
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The issue of a priori threshold setting in speaker verification is a key problem for field applications. In the context of the CAVE project, we compared several methods for estimating speaker-independent and speaker-dependent decision thresholds. Relevant parameters are estimated from development data only, i.e. without resorting to additional client data. The various approaches are tested on the Dutch SESP database.
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| 32. |
- Robb, A O, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of the menstrual cycle, normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia on platelet activation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - 0340-6245 .- 2567-689X. ; 103:2, s. 372-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Platelet activation has a key role in mediating thrombotic and inflammatory events. This study aimed to determine the influence of the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and pre-eclampsia on in vivo platelet activation. Twelve healthy nulliparous, non-smoking women with regular menses were studied over a single menstrual cycle. Twenty-one healthy primigravida pregnant women were studied longitudinally at 16, 24, 32 and 37 weeks gestation and seven weeks post-partum. Sixteen primigravida women with pre-eclampsia were studied at time of diagnosis and at seven weeks post-partum. Platelet-monocyte aggregates and platelet-surface P-selectin expression were assessed by flow-cytometry. Soluble P-selectin and CD40 ligand (CD40L) were measured by ELISA. Markers of platelet activation did not vary over the menstrual cycle. Platelet-monocyte aggregates were greater in the third trimester of pregnancy compared to non-pregnant women (p=0.003). Platelet surface and plasma soluble P-selectin concentrations increased with gestation (p<0.0001) and were raised by 24 weeks of pregnancy compared to non-pregnant women (p< or =0.02 for both) and together with platelet monocyte aggregates, decreased post-partum (p< or =0.02). Soluble CD40L concentrations fell in pregnancy, reaching a nadir at mid-gestation (p=0.002). There were no differences in markers of platelet activation between normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. In conclusion, platelet activation is increased in pregnancy and increases with gestation but is unaffected by pre-eclampsia. This suggests that systemic platelet activation is a feature of pregnancy but this is not affected by established pre-eclampsia.
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| 33. |
- Tengblad, O., et al.
(författare)
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Phoswich scintillator for proton and gamma radiation of high energy
- 2011
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : AIP. - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. - 9780735409835 ; 1409, s. 141-144
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present here a Phoswich scintillator design to achieve both high resolution gamma ray detection, and good efficiency for high energy protons. There are recent developments of new high resolution scintillator materials. Especially the LaBr3(Ce) and LaCl3(Ce) crystals have very good energy resolution in the order of 3% for 662 keV gamma radiation. In addition, these materials exhibit a very good light output (63 and 32 photons/keV respectively). A demonstrator detector in the form of an Al cylinder of 24 mm diameter and a total length of 80 mm with 2 mm wall thickness, containing a LaBr3(Ce) crystal of 20 mm diameter and 30 mm length directly coupled to a LaCl3(Ce) crystal of 50 mm length, and closed with a glass window of 5 mm, was delivered by Saint Gobain. To the glass window a Hamamatsu R5380 Photomultiplier tube (PMT) was coupled using silicon optical grease. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Toren, K., et al.
(författare)
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Measures of bronchodilator response of FEV1, FVC and SVC in a Swedish general population sample aged 50-64 years, the SCAPIS Pilot Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - : DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD. - 1176-9106 .- 1178-2005. ; 12, s. 973-980
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Data are lacking from general population studies on how to define changes in lung function after bronchodilation. This study aimed to analyze different measures of bronchodilator response of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and slow vital capacity (SVC). Materials and methods: Data were derived from the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study (SCAPIS) Pilot study. This analysis comprised 1,050 participants aged 50-64 years from the general population. Participants were investigated using a questionnaire, and FEV1, FVC and SVC were recorded before and 15 minutes after inhalation of 400 mu g of salbutamol. A bronchodilator response was defined as the relative change from baseline value expressed as the difference in units of percent predicted normal. Predictors of bronchodilator responses were assessed using multiple linear regression models. Airway obstruction was defined as FEV1/FVC ratio below lower limit of normal (LLN) before bronchodilation, and COPD was defined as an FEV1/FVC ratio below LLN after bronchodilation. Physician-diagnosed asthma was defined as an affirmative answer to " Have you ever had asthma diagnosed by a physician?". Asymptomatic never-smokers were defined as those not reporting physician-diagnosed asthma, physician-diagnosed COPD or emphysema, current wheeze or chronic bronchitis and being a lifelong never-smoker. Results: Among all subjects, the greatest bronchodilator responses (FEV1, FVC and SVC) were found in subjects with asthma or COPD. The upper 95th percentile of bronchodilator responses in asymptomatic never-smokers was 8.7% for FEV1, 4.2% for FVC and 5.0% for SVC. The bronchodilator responses were similar between men and women. In a multiple linear regression model comprising all asymptomatic never-smokers, the bronchodilator response of FEV1 was significantly associated with airway obstruction and height. Conclusion: When the bronchodilator response in asymptomatic never-smokers is reported as the difference in units of predicted normal, significant reversibility of FEV1, FVC and SVC to bronchodilators is 9%, 4% and 5%, respectively.
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| 36. |
- Trotignon, J. G., et al.
(författare)
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Active measurement of the thermal electron density and temperature on the Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter of the BepiColombo mission
- 2006
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 38:4, s. 686-692
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thermal component of Mercury's electron population has never been measured. One scientific objective of the Plasma Wave Investigation consortium, PWI, is to determine the influence of the thermal plasma upon the formation and dynamics of the planetary magnetosphere, as a function of solar activity. The Active Measurement of Mercury's Plasma experiment, AM(2)p, has been proposed as part of PWI, to monitor the density and temperature of the thermal electron population, during the whole mission of the Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter of BepiColombo. These two physical parameters will be deduced from the measurements of the self- and mutual-impedances of the MEFISTO (Mercury Electric Field In Situ Tool) double-sphere antenna, in a frequency range comprising the expected plasma frequency. The in situ measurement of the antenna impedance is also essential for calibrating the electric antenna which measures the natural waves; it will allow, in particular, the effective length of the antenna to be calculated as a function of frequency and plasma conditions. The purpose of this paper is to define the scientific objectives of AM(2)p, to explain the principle of the measurement, to describe the electronic device, and to show the ability of AM 2p to make reliable and accurate measurements of the thermal plasma density and temperature in the Hermean magnetosphere, as well as in the solar wind at heliocentric distances of 0.31-0.47 AU. The potential performance of this instrument has been evaluated using both an analytical approach and numerical simulations.
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| 37. |
- Wilkinson, Mark D., et al.
(författare)
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Comment : The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an urgent need to improve the infrastructure supporting the reuse of scholarly data. A diverse set of stakeholders-representing academia, industry, funding agencies, and scholarly publishers-have come together to design and jointly endorse a concise and measureable set of principles that we refer to as the FAIR Data Principles. The intent is that these may act as a guideline for those wishing to enhance the reusability of their data holdings. Distinct from peer initiatives that focus on the human scholar, the FAIR Principles put specific emphasis on enhancing the ability of machines to automatically find and use the data, in addition to supporting its reuse by individuals. This Comment is the first formal publication of the FAIR Principles, and includes the rationale behind them, and some exemplar implementations in the community.
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| 38. |
- Aarestrup, FM, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a European health research and innovation cloud (HRIC)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Genome medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-994X. ; 12:1, s. 18-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Union (EU) initiative on the Digital Transformation of Health and Care (Digicare) aims to provide the conditions necessary for building a secure, flexible, and decentralized digital health infrastructure. Creating a European Health Research and Innovation Cloud (HRIC) within this environment should enable data sharing and analysis for health research across the EU, in compliance with data protection legislation while preserving the full trust of the participants. Such a HRIC should learn from and build on existing data infrastructures, integrate best practices, and focus on the concrete needs of the community in terms of technologies, governance, management, regulation, and ethics requirements. Here, we describe the vision and expected benefits of digital data sharing in health research activities and present a roadmap that fosters the opportunities while answering the challenges of implementing a HRIC. For this, we put forward five specific recommendations and action points to ensure that a European HRIC: i) is built on established standards and guidelines, providing cloud technologies through an open and decentralized infrastructure; ii) is developed and certified to the highest standards of interoperability and data security that can be trusted by all stakeholders; iii) is supported by a robust ethical and legal framework that is compliant with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR); iv) establishes a proper environment for the training of new generations of data and medical scientists; and v) stimulates research and innovation in transnational collaborations through public and private initiatives and partnerships funded by the EU through Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Bestas, Burcu, et al.
(författare)
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Splice-correcting oligonucleotides restore BTK function in X-linked agammaglobulinemia model
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - 0021-9738 .- 1558-8238. ; 124:9, s. 4067-4081
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an inherited immunodeficiency that results from mutations within the gene encoding Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). Many XLA-associated mutations affect splicing of BTK pre-mRNA and severely impair B cell development. Here, we assessed the potential of antisense, splice-correcting oligonucleotides (SCOs) targeting mutated BTKtranscripts for treating XLA. Both the SCO structural design and chemical properties were optimized using 2'-O-methyl, locked nucleic acid, or phosphorodiamidate morpholino backbones. In order to have access to an animal model of XLA, we engineered a transgenic mouse that harbors a BAC with an authentic, mutated, splice-defective human BTK gene. BTK transgenic mice were bred onto a Btk knockout background to avoid interference of the orthologous mouse protein. Using this model, we determined that BTK-specific SCOs are able to correct aberrantly spliced BTK in B lymphocytes, including pro-B cells. Correction of BTK mRNA restored expression of functional protein, as shown both by enhanced lymphocyte survival and reestablished BTK activation upon B cell receptor stimulation. Furthermore, SCO treatment corrected splicing and restored BTK expression in primary cells from patients with XLA. Together, our data demonstrate that SCOs can restore BTK function and that BTK-targeting SCOs have potential as personalized medicine in patients with XLA.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Blomberg, Annika J., et al.
(författare)
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A review of the physical context of creativity : A three-dimensional framework for investigating the physical context of creativity
- 2022
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Ingår i: International journal of management reviews (Print). - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1460-8545 .- 1468-2370. ; 24:3, s. 433-451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many organizations are investing considerable resources in building and designing what are termed 'creative offices'. In this paper, we bring together two lines of academic enquiry that have attracted the interest of scholars from different disciplines: organizational creativity and the physical space of organizations. These lines of study use different concepts and lean on different ontologies; consequently, their relation is underexplored in the extant literature. To provide a better understanding of the ways in which physical space relates to creativity, we offer an integrative review based on a three-dimensional framework comprising (i) the elements of workspace, (ii) the social dynamics of space and (iii) the relation between space and creativity. This framework is used to review the physical context of creativity literature. Based on this framework and our review, we outline three directions for future studies on the physical context of creativity. These directions are based on a broader understanding of physical space that aligns better with the contemporary conception of creativity as a process.
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| 45. |
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