| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Blomberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic Airflow Limitation, Emphysema and Impaired Diffusing Capacity in Relation to Smoking Habits in a Swedish Middle-Aged Population.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Annals of the American Thoracic Society. - 2329-6933 .- 2325-6621.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes respiratory symptoms and chronic airflow limitation (CAL). In some cases, emphysema and impaired diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) are present, but characteristics and symptoms vary with smoking exposure.OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of CAL, emphysema and impaired DLCO in relation to smoking and respiratory symptoms in a middle-aged population.METHODS: We investigated 28,746 randomly invited individuals (52% women) aged 50-64 years across six Swedish sites. We performed spirometry, DLCO, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and asked for smoking habits and respiratory symptoms. CAL was defined as post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second divided by forced expiratory volume (FEV1/FVC)<0.7.RESULTS: The overall prevalence was for CAL 8.8%, for impaired DLCO (DLCOCONCLUSIONS: In this large population-based study of middle-aged people, CAL and impaired DLCO were associated with common respiratory symptoms. Self-reported asthma was not associated with CAL in never-smokers. Our findings suggest that CAL in never-smokers signifies a separate clinical phenotype that may be monitored and, possibly, treated differently from smoking-related COPD. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 3. |
- Blomberg, Karin, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Symptoms and self-care strategies during and six months after radiotherapy for prostate cancer : Scoping the perspectives of patients, professionals and literature
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 21, s. 139-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Under-diagnosed and uncontrolled symptoms in patients with prostate cancer during radiotherapy can have a negative impact on the individual's quality of life. An opportunity for patients to report their symptoms systematically, communicate these symptoms to cancer nurses and to receive self-care advice via an application in an Information and Communication Technology-platform could overcome this risk. The content in the application must precisely capture symptoms that are significant to both patients and health care professionals. Therefore, the aim of the study was to map and describe symptoms and self-care strategies identified by patients with prostate cancer undergoing radiotherapy, by health care professionals caring for these patients, and in the literature.Methods: The study combines data from interviews with patients (n ¼ 8) and health care professionals (n ¼ 10) and a scoping review of the literature (n ¼ 26) focusing on the period during and up to 6 months after radiotherapy.Results: There was a concordance between the patients, health care professionals, and the literature on symptoms during and after radiotherapy. Urinary symptoms, bowel problems, pain, sexual problems, fatigue, anxiety, depression, cognitive impairment and irregular symptoms were commonly described during the initial treatment period. Self-care strategies were rarely described in all three of the sources.Conclusions: The results show which symptoms to regularly assess using an Information and Communication Technology-platform for patients with newly-diagnosed prostate cancer during radiotherapy. The next step is to evaluate the efficacy of using the platform and the accuracy of the selected symptoms and self-care advice included in a smartphone application.
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| 4. |
- Elmroth Nordlander, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Mo3Ni2N Nanoparticle Generation by Spark Discharge
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1944. ; 16:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spark ablation is an advantageous method for the generation of metallic nanoparticles with defined particle sizes and compositions. The reaction of the metal particles with the carrier gas during the synthesis and, therefore, the incorporation of those light elements into structural voids or even compound formation was confirmed for hydrides and oxides but has only been suspected to occur for nitrides. In this study, dispersed nanoparticles of Mo3Ni2N and Mo with Janus morphology, and defined particle sizes were obtained by spark discharge generation as a result of carrier gas ionization and characterized using transmission electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. Metal nitrides possess beneficial catalytic and thermoelectric properties, as well as high hardness and wear resistance. Therefore, this method offers the possibility of controlled synthesis of materials which are interesting for numerous applications.
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| 5. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Pulmonary function and atherosclerosis in the general population : causal associations and clinical implications
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 39:1, s. 35-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50–64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Lower lung function and emphysema were associated with more atherosclerosis, but these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Lung function was not associated with coronary atherosclerosis in 14,524 never-smokers. No potentially causal effect of lung function on atherosclerosis, or vice versa, was found in the 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Here we show that reduced lung function and atherosclerosis are correlated in the population, but probably not causally related. Assessing lung function in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors to gauge risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is probably not meaningful, but low lung function found by chance should alert for atherosclerosis.
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| 6. |
- Franzén, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Compositional tuning of gas-phase synthesized Pd–Cu nanoparticles
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nanoscale Advances. - 2516-0230. ; 5:22, s. 6069-6077
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bimetallic nanoparticles have gained significant attention in catalysis as potential alternatives to expensive catalysts based on noble metals. In this study, we investigate the compositional tuning of Pd–Cu bimetallic nanoparticles using a physical synthesis method called spark ablation. By utilizing pure and alloyed electrodes in different configurations, we demonstrate the ability to tailor the chemical composition of nanoparticles within the range of approximately 80 : 20 at% to 40 : 60 at% (Pd : Cu), measured using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and transmission electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDXS). Time-resolved XRF measurements revealed a shift in composition throughout the ablation process, potentially influenced by material transfer between electrodes. Powder X-ray diffraction confirmed the predominantly fcc phase of the nanoparticles while high-resolution TEM and scanning TEM-EDXS confirmed the mixing of Pd and Cu within individual nanoparticles. X-ray photoelectron and absorption spectroscopy were used to analyze the outermost atomic layers of the nanoparticles, which is highly important for catalytic applications. Such comprehensive analyses offer insights into the formation and structure of bimetallic nanoparticles and pave the way for the development of efficient and affordable catalysts for various applications.
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| 7. |
- Gericke, Sabrina Maria, et al.
(författare)
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In Situ H2 Reduction of Al2O3-Supported Ni- and Mo-Based Catalysts
- 2022
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Ingår i: Catalysts. - : MDPI. - 2073-4344. ; 12:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nickel (Ni)-promoted Molybdenum (Mo)-based catalysts are used for hydrotreatment processes in the chemical industry where the catalysts are exposed to high-pressure H2 at elevated temperature. In this environment, the catalyst transforms into the active phase, which involves the reduction of the oxide. Here, we report on the first in situ study on the reduction of alumina supported Ni- and Mo-based catalysts in 1 mbar H2 using ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS). The study confirms that mixing Ni and Mo lowers the reduction temperature of both Ni- and Mo-oxide as compared to the monometallic catalysts and shows that the MoO3 reduction starts at a lower temperature than the reduction of NiO in NiMo/Al2O3 catalysts. Additionally, the reduction of Ni and Mo foil was directly compared to the reduction of the Al2O3-supported catalysts and it was observed that the reduction of the supported catalysts is more gradual than the reduction of the foils, indicating a strong interaction between the Ni/Mo and the alumina support. © 2022 by the authors.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Lövgren, Tanja, et al.
(författare)
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Complete and long-lasting clinical responses in immune checkpoint inhibitor-resistant, metastasized melanoma treated with adoptive T cell transfer combined with DC vaccination
- 2020
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Ingår i: Oncoimmunology. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 2162-4011 .- 2162-402X. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development of T cell-directed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has revolutionized metastatic melanoma (MM) therapy, but <50% of treated patients experience durable responses. This phase I trial (NCT01946373) investigates the safety/feasibility of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) adoptive cell therapy (ACT) combined with dendritic cell (DC) vaccination in MM patients progressing on ICI. An initial cohort (5 patients) received TIL therapy alone to evaluate safety and allow for optimization of TIL expansion protocols. A second cohort (first-in-man, 5 patients) received TIL combined with autologous tumor lysate-loaded DC vaccination. All patients received cyclophosphamide/fludarabine preconditioning prior to, and intravenous (i.v.) IL-2 after, TIL transfer. The DC vaccine was given as five intradermal injections after TIL and IL-2 administration. [F-18]-FDG PET/CT radiology was performed to evaluate clinical response, according to RECIST 1.1 (on the CT part). Immunological monitoring was performed by flow cytometry and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. In the safety/optimization cohort, all patients had a mixed response or stable disease, but none durable. In the combination cohort, two patients experienced complete responses (CR) that are still ongoing (>36 and >18 months, respectively). In addition, two patients had partial responses (PR), one still ongoing (>42 months) with only a small bone-lesion remaining, and one of short duration (<4 months). One patient died early during treatment and did not receive DC. Long-lasting persistency of the injected TILs was demonstrated in blood. In summary, we report clinical responses by TIL therapy combined with DC vaccination in 4 out of 4 treated MM patients who previously failed ICI.
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| 10. |
- Malinovschi, Andrei, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) reference equations for diffusing capacity in relation to respiratory burden in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS)
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - Lausanne, Switzerland : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 56:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) has recently published international reference values for diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Lower limit of normal (LLN), i.e. the 5th percentile, usually defines impaired DLCO. We examined if the GLI LLN for DLCO differs from the LLN in a Swedish population of healthy, never-smoking individuals and how any such differences affect identification of subjects with respiratory burden.Spirometry, DLCO, chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and questionnaires were obtained from the first 15 040 participants, aged 50–64 years, of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). Both GLI reference values and the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method were used to define the LLN in asymptomatic never-smokers without respiratory disease (n=4903, of which 2329 were women).Both the median and LLN for DLCO from SCAPIS were above the median and LLN from the GLI (p<0.05). The prevalence of DLCO DLCO >GLI LLN but DLCO >GLI LLN but versus 4.5%, p<0.001), chronic airflow limitation (8.5% versus 3.9%, p<0.001) and chronic bronchitis (8.3% versus 4.4%, p<0.01) than subjects (n=13 600) with normal DLCO (>GLI LLN and >SCAPIS LLN). No differences were found with regard to physician-diagnosed asthma.The GLI LLN for DLCO is lower than the estimated LLN in healthy, never-smoking, middle-aged Swedish adults. Individuals with DLCO above the GLI LLN but below the SCAPIS LLN had, to a larger extent, an increased respiratory burden. This suggests clinical implications for choosing an adequate LLN for studied populations.
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| 11. |
- Papapavlou Lingehed, Georgia, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma protein profiling reveals dynamic immunomodulatory changes in multiple sclerosis patients during pregnancy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Pregnancy represents a natural modulation of the disease course, where the relapse rate decreases, especially in the 3(rd) trimester, followed by a transient exacerbation after delivery. Although the exact mechanisms behind the pregnancy-induced modulation are yet to be deciphered, it is likely that the immune tolerance established during pregnancy is involved. In this study, we used the highly sensitive and specific proximity extension assay technology to perform protein profiling analysis of 92 inflammation-related proteins in MS patients (n=15) and healthy controls (n=10), longitudinally sampled before, during, and after pregnancy. Differential expression analysis was performed using linear models and p-values were adjusted for false discovery rate due to multiple comparisons. Our findings reveal gradual dynamic changes in plasma proteins that are most prominent during the 3(rd) trimester while reverting post-partum. Thus, this pattern reflects the disease activity of MS during pregnancy. Among the differentially expressed proteins in pregnancy, several proteins with known immunoregulatory properties were upregulated, such as PD-L1, LIF-R, TGF-beta 1, and CCL28. On the other hand, inflammatory chemokines such as CCL8, CCL13, and CXCL5, as well as members of the tumor necrosis factor family, TRANCE and TWEAK, were downregulated. Further in-depth studies will reveal if these proteins can serve as biomarkers in MS and whether they are mechanistically involved in the disease amelioration and worsening. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved may identify new treatment strategies mimicking the pregnancy milieu.
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| 12. |
- Rudbeck, Maria E., 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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The Infrared Spectrum of Phosphoenol Pyruvate : Computational and Experimental Studies
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 113:12, s. 2935-2942
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The infrared spectrum of phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) in aqueous solution was studied experimentally and theoretically in its fully ionized, singly protonated and doubly protonated form. The density functional theory with the B3LYP functional and with the 6-31G(d,p), 6-31++G(d,p), and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets were used in the theoretical study. The calculations with the two latter basis sets and the CPCM continuum model for water showed good agreement with the experiments except for vibrations assigned to hydroxyl groups. These needed to be modeled with explicit water molecules. The effects of deuteration and of 13C2,3 labeling of PEP were reproduced by the calculations.
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| 13. |
- Smith, Annabel L., et al.
(författare)
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Global gene flow releases invasive plants from environmental constraints on genetic diversity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 117:8, s. 4218-4227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When plants establish outside their native range, their ability to adapt to the new environment is influenced by both demography and dispersal. However, the relative importance of these two factors is poorly understood. To quantify the influence of demography and dispersal on patterns of genetic diversity underlying adaptation, we used data from a globally distributed demographic research network comprising 35 native and 18 nonnative populations of Plantago lanceolata. Species-specific simulation experiments showed that dispersal would dilute demographic influences on genetic diversity at local scales. Populations in the native European range had strong spatial genetic structure associated with geographic distance and precipitation seasonality. In contrast, nonnative populations had weaker spatial genetic structure that was not associated with environmental gradients but with higher within-population genetic diversity. Our findings show that dispersal caused by repeated, long-distance, human-mediated introductions has allowed invasive plant populations to overcome environmental constraints on genetic diversity, even without strong demographic changes. The impact of invasive plants may, therefore, increase with repeated introductions, highlighting the need to constrain future introductions of species even if they already exist in an area.
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| 14. |
- Svenvik, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Early prediction of spontaneous preterm birth before 34 gestational weeks based on a combination of inflammation-associated plasma proteins
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 1664-3224. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In order to identify and possibly offer prophylactic treatment to women at risk for preterm birth (PTB), novel prediction models for PTB are needed. Our objective was to utilize high-sensitive plasma protein profiling to investigate whether early prediction of spontaneous PTB (sPTB) before 34 gestational weeks (gw) was possible in a low-risk population. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 46 women with sPTB before 34 gw and 46 women with normal pregnancies and term deliveries. Prospectively collected plasma sampled at gw 11 (range 7-16) and gw 25 (range 23-30) was analyzed with a high-sensitivity Proximity Extension Assay for levels of 177 inflammation-associated proteins, and statistically processed with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: In the first trimester, higher levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were associated with sPTB <34 gw (OR 1.49 (1.03-2.15)). In the second trimester, higher levels of interleukin (IL)-10 (OR 2.15 (1.18-3.92)), IL-6 (OR 2.59 (1.34-4.99)), and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) (OR 2.18 (1.26-3.77)) were associated with sPTB <34 gw. The area under the curve for the prediction models including these proteins was 0.653 (0.534-0.759) in the first trimester and 0.854 (0.754-0.925) in the second trimester. Conclusion: A combination of inflammation-associated plasma proteins from the second trimester of pregnancy showed a good predictive ability regarding sPTB before 34 gw, suggesting it could be a valuable supplement for the assessment of the clinical risk of sPTB. However, although a high number (n=177) of plasma proteins were analyzed with a high-sensitivity method, the prediction of sPTB in the first trimester remains elusive.
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| 15. |
- Svenvik, Maria, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma oxylipin levels associated with preterm birth in preterm labor✰
- 2021
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Ingår i: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. - : Elsevier. - 0952-3278 .- 1532-2823. ; 166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Preterm labor is a common clinical problem in obstetrics. Since the majority of women with preterm labor eventually deliver at full term, biomarkers are needed to more accurately predict who will deliver preterm. Oxylipins, given their importance in inflammation regulation, are highly interesting in this respect since labor is an inflammatory process.Methods Eighty women with preterm labor before 34 weeks of gestation were enrolled in a prospective observational multi-center cohort study. Oxylipin levels of 67 analytes in plasma samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.Results Twenty-one (26%) of the women delivered before 34 weeks of gestation, and of those women, fourteen delivered within 48 h of admission. Logistic multivariate regression showed that lower levels of 9,10-DiHODE were associated with delivery before 34 weeks of gestation (aOR 0.12 (0.024–0.62)) and within 48 h ((aOR 0.13 (0.019–0.93)). Furthermore, higher levels of 11,12-DiHETrE were associated with delivery before 34 weeks of gestation ((aOR 6.19 (1.17–32.7)) and higher levels of 8-HETE were associated with delivery within 48 h ((aOR 5.01 (1.13–22.14)).Conclusions The oxylipin 9,10-DiHODE may be protective in preterm labor, both for delivery after 34 weeks of gestation and for delivery later than 48 h of admission, whereas 11,12-DiHETrE and 8-HETE display the opposite effect. Larger studies are needed to validate these mediators as biomarkers for prediction of preterm birth following preterm labor.
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| 16. |
- Svenvik, Maria, 1973-
(författare)
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Prediction of Spontaneous Preterm Birth : Clinical and Immunological Aspects
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Preterm birth (PTB), defined as birth before 37 weeks of gestation, accounts for most neonatal death and morbidity. Accurate prediction is a pre-requisite for the prevention and proper management of PTB. However, methods for prediction are unsatisfactory, although sonographic cervical length has a moderate predictive value. For clinical utility, adding a biomarker could increase the predictive accuracy. The immune system has an important regulatory role during pregnancy. Thus, presumptive predictive biomarkers may be searched for among immune-related molecules, such as cytokines, chemokines and other inflammation-associated mediators. The aims of this thesis were to identify clinical risk factors and immunological prediction markers for PTB, both in women at increased risk of PTB because of preterm labour (PTL) or preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes (PPROM), and in asymptomatic women in early pregnancy. An additional aim was to explore immune reaction patterns in PTL and PPROM compared to normal pregnancy. Material and methods: In a retrospective registry study, including 20,643 women who delivered during a five-year period, risk factors for Apgar score <7 at five minutes and risk factors for PTB <32 weeks were investigated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Furthermore, in a multi-centre mixed case-control and prospective cohort study of women with PTL <34 weeks of gestation (n=80), PPROM (n=40), as well as antenatal controls (n=44) and controls in labour at term (n=40), plasma levels of cytokines and chemokines representing different types of immune responses were analysed with a multiplex bead assay. In addition, an extended protein analysis exploring 92 inflammation-associated plasma proteins using proximity extension assay (PEA) was performed, as well as analysis of 67 different oxylipins by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Finally, the PEA technique was used also to explore plasma proteins in a case-control study including 46 women with PTB and 46 women with normal pregnancies and delivery at term. Results and conclusions: A number of partly preventable clinical risk factors for PTB <32 weeks were identified, for example smoking (odds ratio (OR) 1.61 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-2.41)); preeclampsia (OR 5.48 (95% CI 3.39-8.86)); and multiple gestation (OR 15 (95% CI 10-24)). The most evident risk factor for low Apgar scores was PTB; the more preterm the higher the risk. This provides important information for health care professionals, and offers motivations for preventive strategies regarding smoking cessation. Both PTL and PPROM were associated with a more pro-inflammatory profile compared to antenatal controls, with an increase in CXCL1. In addition, PTL showed higher CCL17 levels, and PPROM showed higher IL-6 levels compared with normal pregnancy. The inflammatory profile was even higher in labour at term, reflected by higher levels of CXCL1, CXCL8, and IL-6 compared with PTL, probably due to the more advanced stage of the parturition process in these women. To identify women with PTL and subsequent PTB <34 weeks of gestation, we found that a combination of the proteins IL-6, IL-17C, IL-10RB, and FGF-23 strongly correlated with PTB <34 weeks with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90; inferring a sensitivity of 90%, and specificity of 74%. For the prediction of delivery within 48 hours in women with PTL, the combination of IL-6 and IL-17C displayed an AUC of 0.88, with a sensitivity of 100%, and a specificity of 71%. Additionally, plasma levels of oxylipins were associated with time of birth. Lower levels of 9,10-DiHODE were associated with PTB <34 weeks (adjusted (a) OR 0.12 (0.024-0.62)) and with delivery within 48 hours (aOR 0.13 (0.019-0.93)), while higher levels of 11,12-DiHETre were associated with delivery <34 weeks (aOR 6.19 (1.17-32.7)) and higher levels of 8-HETE were associated with delivery within 48 hours (aOR 5.01 (1.13-22.14)). In asymptomatic women, plasma levels of combinations of inflammation-associated proteins in the first and the second trimester also revealed predictive information regarding subsequent risk for PTB <34 weeks. Combining MMP10trim1, sCD40trim2, MCSFtrim2, Flt3Ltrim2, and FGF-21diff (diff= difference in protein levels comparing the first and second trimesters) provided a prediction model with an AUC of 0.90. Proteins from the first trimester exclusively (sCD40 and MMP10) rendered an AUC of 0.76. This work provides valuable knowledge in the field of PTB and PTL with useful information on risk factors for PTB. Important associations between levels of inflammation-associated proteins and oxylipins with PTB following PTL were found. Before these findings can have clinical implications, they need to be validated in other cohorts. Additionally, in order to be clinically useful as a prediction tool for PTB, a bedside test is needed. Since the PEA technique is PCR-based, this might be achievable. For prediction of PTB in early pregnancy, we have interesting findings with acceptable accuracy based on samples from both the first and the second trimesters. However, as preventive interventions for PTB are preferably initiated early in pregnancy, a prediction tool has better value if it is based on plasma samples from the first trimester. Therefore, we plan to extend this study and evaluate other potential protein biomarkers.
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| 17. |
- Wang, Yilin, et al.
(författare)
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Microsphere-based antibody assays for human parvovirus B19V, CMV and T. gondii
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2334. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Human parvovirus B19 (B19V), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) may cause intrauterine infections with potentially severe consequences to the fetus. Current serodiagnosis of these infections is based on detection of antibodies most often by EIA and individually for each pathogen. We developed singleplex and multiplex microsphere-based Suspension Immuno Assays (SIAs) for the simultaneous detection of IgG antibodies against B19V, CMV and T. gondii. Methods: We tested the performances of SIAs as compared to in-house and commercial reference assays using serum samples from well-characterized cohorts. Results: The IgG SIAs for CMV and T. gondii showed good concordance with the corresponding Vidas serodiagnostics. The B19V IgG SIA detected IgG in all samples collected >10 days after onset of symptoms and showed high concordance with EIAs (in-house and Biotrin). The serodiagnostics for these three pathogens performed well in multiplex format. Conclusions: We developed singleplex and multiplex IgG SIAs for the detection of anti-B19V,-CMV and -T. gondii antibodies. The SIAs were highly sensitive and specific, and had a wide dynamic range. These components thus should be suitable for construction of a multiplex test for antibody screening during pregnancy.
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| 18. |
- Zenere, Alberto, et al.
(författare)
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Prominent epigenetic and transcriptomic changes in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during and after pregnancy in women with multiple sclerosis and controls
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroinflammation. - : BMC. - 1742-2094. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease in which pregnancy leads to a temporary amelioration in disease activity as indicated by the profound decrease in relapses rate during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are implicated in MS pathogenesis as being key regulators of inflammation and brain lesion formation. Although Tcells are prime candidates for the pregnancy-associated improvement of MS, the precise mechanisms are yet unclear, and in particular, a deep characterization of the epigenetic and transcriptomic events that occur in peripheral T cells during pregnancy in MS is lacking.MethodsWomen with MS and healthy controls were longitudinally sampled before, during (1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters) and after pregnancy. DNA methylation array and RNA sequencing were performed on paired CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells samples. Differential analysis and network-based approaches were used to analyze the global dynamics of epigenetic and transcriptomic changes.ResultsBoth DNA methylation and RNA sequencing revealed a prominent regulation, mostly peaking in the 3rd trimester and reversing post-partum, thus mirroring the clinical course with improvement followed by a worsening in disease activity. This rebound pattern was found to represent a general adaptation of the maternal immune system, with only minor differences between MS and controls. By using a network-based approach, we highlighted several genes at the core of this pregnancy-induced regulation, which were found to be enriched for genes and pathways previously reported to be involved in MS. Moreover, these pathways were enriched for in vitro stimulated genes and pregnancy hormones targets.ConclusionThis study represents, to our knowledge, the first in-depth investigation of the methylation and expression changes in peripheral CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during pregnancy in MS. Our findings indicate that pregnancy induces profound changes in peripheral T cells, in both MS and healthy controls, which are associated with the modulation of inflammation and MS activity.
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| 19. |
- Abboud, Amina, et al.
(författare)
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Årsbok 2018 : Socialhögskolan, Lunds universitet
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Socialhögskolans årsbok ger en liten inblick i vad vi gör och vi hoppas att den bidrar till att presentera utsnitt från vår verksamhet på ett trevligt och samlat sätt. Årsboken som är Socialhögskolans tredje uppmärksammar inte bara det som skett på Socialhögskolan under 2018. Den uppmärksammar även att 2018 var året då svensk äldreomsorg fyllde 100 år. Årsbokens gästredaktör Per Gunnar Edebalk inleder därför bokens forskningsavsnitt med att i år skriva om just hundraåringens historia. Det är inledningen på ett avsnitt där flera forskare vid Socialhögskolan bjuder på bidrag som lyfter fram aspekter av äldreomsorg och åldrande.Håkan Jönson och Tove Harnett resonerar om de begrepp som omgärdar äldreomsorgens möten och organisering sett i ett socialt arbetets perspektiv. De två har även skrivit en artikel om huruvida behov ska ses annorlunda mellan grupper bara för att man passerat en viss ålder.Däremellan presenteras en text av Erika Werner som låter oss möta frågor kring en sviken generation, här genom ett möte med Agnes, som hamnade mitt i skarven när pensionssystemet reformerades. Elisabeth Carlstedt presenterar en text om hur äldreomsorgens särskilda boenden arbetar i relation till Socialtjänstlagens direktiv om meningsfullhet och värdighet, och hur svårt det är. Lars Harrysson presenterar därefter ett avsnitt om två forskningsprojekt som han och Erika Werner gjort där fokus har legat dels på pensioner för personer i ekonomiskt utsatta grupper, speciellt med migrantbakgrund, dels om hur tro och äldreomsorg samspelar, eller inte. Äldreomsorgsavsnittet avslutas sedan med en intervju som Patrik Hekkala gjort med Peter Andersson som startade kursen socialt arbete med äldre och med Tove Harnett som tagit över och fortsatt utvecklingsarbetet till dags datum.Årsboken avslutas sedan med fyra texter. En av Amina Abboud, snart färdig socionom, som skriver om sina erfarenheter av och i uppsatsskrivandet. Sedan en där vi får möta Carina Olsson som arbetat hos oss länge, men som faktiskt arbetat vid universitetet i 40 år 2018. Emelie Dahlström, Joakim Grina och Jan Abrahamsson ger sedan en bakgrundsteckning till en hos Socialhögskolan verksam social accelerator, SoPact. Som avrundning finner du sedan lite mer information om vår verksamhet här vid Socialhögskolan.
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| 20. |
- Abelius, Martina, 1980-
(författare)
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Immunological interactions between mother and child during pregnancy in relation to the development of allergic diseases in the offspring
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Pregnancy and allergic disease have both been postulated as T-helper 2 (Th2) phenomena. Thus, the increased propensity of allergic mothers to mount Th2-responses might generate favourable effects on the maintenance of pregnancy, but might also be unfavorable, as fetal exposure to a strong Th2 environment could influence the immune development in the offspring to a Th2-like phenotype, favouring IgE production and possibly allergy development later in life. The influence of the intrauterine environment on the immunity and allergy development in the offspring needs to be further investigated.Aim: The aim of this thesis was to explore the Th1/Th2 balance in allergic and non-allergic women during pregnancy and its influence on the shaping of the Th1/Th2 profile in the neonate and the development of allergic diseases in the offspring.Material and methods: The study group included 20 women with and 36 women without allergic symptoms followed during pregnancy (gestational week 10-12, 15-16, 25, 35, 39) and 2 and 12 months postpartum, and their children followed from birth to 6 years of age. The circulating Th1-like chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, Th2-like chemokines CCL17, CCL18 and CCL22, and the allergen-induced secretion of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), CXCL10 and CCL17 were measured by Luminex and ELISA. The allergen-specific and total IgE levels were quantified using ImmunoCAP Technology. mRNA expression of Th1-, Th2-, Treg- and Th17-associated genes were measured by PCR arrays and real-time PCR.Results: We found that sensitised women with allergic symptoms had increased total IgE levels and birch- and cat-induced IL-5, IL-13 and CCL17 responses during pregnancy as compared with postpartum. The non-sensitised women without allergic symptoms had elevated cat-induced IL-5 and IL-13 responses and lower birch- and cat-induced IFN-γ during pregnancy, but similar IgE levels as compared with postpartum.Maternal total IgE levels during and after pregnancy correlated with cord blood (CB) IgE and CCL22 levels (regardless of maternal allergy status). Circulating CXCL11, CCL18 and CCL22 levels during pregnancy and postpartum correlated with the corresponding chemokine levels in the offspring at various time points during childhood. Maternal IL-5 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was associated with neonatal Galectin-1, and placental p35 expression was negatively associated with neonatal Tbx21 expression. Increased mRNA expression of CCL22 in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC), and increased CCL17 and CCL22 levels in CB were observed in children later developing allergic symptoms and sensitisation as compared with children who did not. Development of allergic symptoms and sensitisation were associated with increased total IgE, CCL17, CCL18 and CCL22 levels during childhood.Conclusions: Maternal allergy was associated with a pronounced Th2 deviation during pregnancy, shown as increased total IgE levels and birch- and cat-induced IL-5, IL-13 and CCL17 responses during pregnancy, possibly exposing their fetuses to a particular strong Th2 environment during gestation.Correlations were shown between the maternal immunity during pregnancy and the offspring’s immunity at birth and later during childhood, indicating an interplay between the maternal and fetal immunity.Allergy development during the first 6 years of life was associated with a marked Th2 deviation at birth and a delayed down-regulation of this Th2-skewed immunity during childhood.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Balmes, Olivier, et al.
(författare)
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Reversible formation of a PdCx phase in Pd nanoparticles upon CO and O-2 exposure
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9084 .- 1463-9076. ; 14:14, s. 4796-4801
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structure and chemical composition of Pd nanoparticles exposed to pure CO and mixtures of CO and O-2 at elevated temperatures have been studied in situ by a combination of X-ray Diffraction and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy in pressures ranging from ultra high vacuum to 10 mbar and from room temperature to a few hundred degrees celsius. Our investigation shows that under CO exposure, above a certain temperature, carbon dissolves into the Pd particles forming a carbide phase. Upon exposure to CO and O-2 mixtures, the carbide phase forms and disappears reversibly, switching at the stoichiometric ratio for CO oxidation. This finding opens new scenarios for the understanding of catalytic oxidation of C-based molecules.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 25. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 26. |
- Blomberg, Barbro, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Life conditions for families, children and young people with disabilities
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work. - Christchurch, New Zealand : Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Workers (INC). - 1178-5527. ; 23:1/2, s. 29-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to analyse life conditions for families with children and young people with disabilities. Special focus is on: legislation, management and organisations, social support and service, housing, education, work and daily activities and leisure activities. The method used is a case study including interviews with parents and professionals. The study also includes an analysis of documents and regulations. The study shows that the support system is transparent and accessible. At the same time managers in the municipalities' social care services interpret their responsibility in different ways thus affecting the support and service for the families. Even though the families have legal rights to a wide range of support and service, the parents have to work to gain access to these and for user influence to be exerted.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Blomberg, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Biomacromolecules
- 2011. - 1
-
Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Surface and Colloid Science, SecondEdition. - London : Taylor & Francis. ; , s. 1-14
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to construct thin films with controlled thickness on almost any type of surface is of great interestin many research fields. For biomedical applications, thin films on medical devices have been found toimprove the biocompatibility, reduce the immunological response, and deliver medical drugs locally. Thelayer structure is closely related to the function and efficiency of such films. During the last decades, it hasbeen shown that the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of charged macromolecules has created an inexpensiveroute to the formation of thin multilayer films, and the interest in using biomacromolecules (e.g., polysaccharidesand proteins) has emerged in recent years. The LbL technique offers unique opportunities forcontrolling the physical properties of thin surface layers, such as film thickness, chemical and elasticproperties, and stability. In this entry, we will focus on recent advances in the multilayer film area usingbiomacromolecules. We will discuss how different physicochemical properties of biomacromolecules andof the deposition solution affect the formation and structure of LbL-assembled multilayer. Finally, we willaddress some suggested applications for these biopolymer film coatings.
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| 29. |
- Blomberg, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Dilemman i förhörsledarrollen
- 2019. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ”Det kan väl inte vara så svårt att hålla förhör, jag kan ju snacka med folk”, tänkte Gunilla Blomberg i början av sin poliskarriär. Men erfarenheten lärde henne snart att det är en komplex utmaning. Utöver kännedom om relevanta lagar kräver det bland annat psykologisk kunskap, kommunikativa strategier, tolkningsförmåga, förtrogenhet med rättssystemet och praktisk klokhet.I den här essän analyserar Gunilla Blomberg, tillsammans med Maria Wolrath Söderberg, ett fall som ruskade om henne och som gjorde att hon kom att se på förhörsledarrollen på ett nytt sätt.
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| 30. |
- Blomberg, Jeanette, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein abolishes insensitivity to interferon-α in a resistant variant of the human U937 cell line
- 2011
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Ingår i: Apoptosis (London). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1360-8185 .- 1573-675X. ; 16:8, s. 783-794
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type I interferons constitute a family of pleiotropic cytokines that have a key role in both adaptive and innate immunity. The interferon signalling pathways mediate transcriptional regulation of hundreds of genes, which result in mRNA degradation, decreased protein synthesis, cell cycle inhibition and induction of apoptosis. To elucidate regulatory networks important for interferon induced cell death, we generated interferon resistant U937 cells by selection in progressively increasing concentrations of interferon-α (IFN-α). The results show that IFN-α activates the death receptor signalling pathway and that IFN resistance was associated with cross-resistance to several death receptor ligands in a manner similar to previously described Fas resistant U937 cell lines. Increased expression of the long splice variant of the cellular FLICE-like inhibitor protein (cFLIP-L) was associated with the resistance to death receptor and IFN-α stimulation. Accordingly, inhibition of cFLIP-L expression with cycloheximide or through cFLIP short harpin RNA interference restored sensitivity to Fas and/or IFN-α. Thus, we now show that selection for interferon resistance can generate cells with increased expression of cFLIP, which protects the cells from both IFN-α and death receptor mediated apoptosis.
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| 31. |
- Blomberg, Jeanette, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced FAS transcription in clones of U937 cells that have acquired resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis
- 2009
-
Ingår i: The FEBS Journal. - : Wiley. - 1742-464X .- 1742-4658. ; 276:2, s. 497-508
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Susceptibility to cell death is a prerequisite for the elimination of tumour cells by cytotoxic immune cells, chemotherapy or irradiation. Activation of the death receptor Fas is critical for the regulation of immune cell homeostasis and efficient killing of tumour cells by apoptosis. To define the molecular changes that occur during selection for insensitivity to Fas-induced apoptosis, a resistant variant of the U937 cell line was established. Individual resistant clones were isolated and characterized. The most frequently observed defect in the resistant cells was reduced Fas expression, which correlated with decreased FAS transcription. Clones with such reduced Fas expression also displayed partial cross-resistance to tumour necrosis factor-alpha stimulation, but the mRNA expression of tumour necrosis factor receptors was not decreased. Reintroduction of Fas conferred susceptibility to Fas but not to tumour necrosis factor-alpha stimulation, suggesting that several alterations could be present in the clones. The reduced Fas expression could not be explained by mutations in the FAS coding sequence or promoter region, or by silencing through methylations. Protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, components of signalling pathways downstream of Ras, were shown to be activated in some of the resistant clones, but none of the three RAS genes was mutated, and experiments using chemical inhibitors could not establish that the activation of these proteins was the cause of Fas resistance as described in other systems. Taken together, the data illustrate that Fas resistance can be caused by reduced Fas expression, which is a result of an unidentified mode of regulation.
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| 32. |
- Blomberg, Karin, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of human papillomavirus self-sampling by women >60 years old : A qualitative study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Health Expectations. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1369-6513 .- 1369-7625. ; 26:2, s. 567-940
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling has shown to be acceptable and feasible across cultures and effective in reaching women who do not participate in regular cervical cancer screening. However, most of these studies have included younger women. There is a lack of knowledge of how older women reason about HPV self-sampling.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe how women (>60 years old) experience the offering of self-sampling of HPV, compared to having a sample collected by a healthcare professional.DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: The study had a qualitative explorative design. Four focus group discussions were conducted with women 60-69 years old (n = 22). Data were analysed using principles of interpretive description.RESULTS: Five themes were identified: self-sampling-convenient and without pain, lack of knowledge, worries related to HPV self-sampling, need for information and taking a societal perspective.CONCLUSION: Women aged >60 years found that HPV self-sampling was convenient and easy to perform. Further, they stressed the importance of being able to remain in the screening programme in advanced age and that self-sampling could be a possible solution. This study also revealed a lack of knowledge among women in this age group regarding HPV infection, how the disease is transmitted and its relation to cervical cancer.PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Women who had performed HPV self-sampling participated in the focus group discussion.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Blomberg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Innebär tillförsel av biogödsel runt Bornsjön ökad risk för fosforläckage? : en lysimeterstudie med tillförsel av rötade matrester och mineralgödsel
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att använda biogödsel såsom rötat matavfall som ersättning till mineralgödsel diskuteras för att recirkulera fosfor inom jordbruket. I denna pilotstudie undersöktes om fosforläckaget efter tillförsel av avvattnat rötat matavfall skiljde sig jämfört med tillförsel av mineralgödsel (monoammoniumfosfat) och utan gödsling (kontroll). Biogödseln bestod av rötat matavfall med en fosforhalt av 12% beräknad per torrvikt. De tre försöksleden utsattes för fem bevattningscykler som genererade avrinning. Gödselgivan motsvarade den högsta tillåtna och regnintensitet valdes så att det motsvarar ett värsta tänkbara scenario. Denna pilotstudie visar inte på någon förhöjd risk att sprida avvattnad biogödsel på en lerjord av den typ som användes. Effekter på näringsläckage från rötat matavfall behöver dock undersökas vidare i fältförsök.
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| 36. |
- Blomberg, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
A high pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of oxidation and reduction of Rh(100) and Rh nanoparticles
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028. ; 628, s. 153-158
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied the oxidation and reduction of Rh(100) and SiO2 supported Rh particles using high pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We show that the formation and reduction of Rh bulk oxide can be followed in situ in O-2 and CO pressures in the range of 0.1 Torr. In general, the oxidation/reduction processes are similar on Rh(100) and the nanoparticles, but there are significant differences in temperature dependence. Already at a sample temperature of 140 degrees C, the particles show clear signs of a thin bulk oxide, while an ultra-thin so-called surface oxide covers the single crystal at the same temperature. Both of these oxide films, however, hinder further oxidation, and a thick oxide is only found at a temperature of at least 300 degrees C, for both samples. The reduction, in contrast, starts at a higher temperature on the particles as compared to the single crystal, but once started the particles are completely reduced at lower temperatures. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 37. |
- Blomberg, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
-
Barn och socialt arbete : Socialhögskolans årsbok 2019
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Årsboken ger en inblick i delar av den forskning kring socialt arbete med barn som sker vid Socialhögskolan. Den ger också en kort introduktion till verksamheten vid Socialhögskolan.
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| 38. |
- Blomberg, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Bimetallic nanoparticles as a model system for an industrial NiMo catalyst
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Materials. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1944. ; 12:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An in-depth understanding of the reactionmechanismis required for the further development of Mo-based catalysts for biobased feedstocks. However, fundamental studies of industrial catalysts are challenging, and simplified systems are often used without direct comparison to their industrial counterparts. Here, we report on size-selected bimetallic NiMo nanoparticles as a candidate for a model catalyst that is directly compared to the industrial system to evaluate their industrial relevance. Both the nanoparticles and industrial supported NiMo catalysts were characterized using surface- and bulk-sensitive techniques. We found that the active Ni and Mo metals in the industrial catalyst are well dispersed and well mixed on the support, and that the interaction between Ni and Mo promotes the reduction of the Mo oxide. We successfully produced 25 nm NiMo alloyed nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution. Characterization of the nanoparticles showed that they have a metallic core with a native oxide shell with a high potential for use as a model system for fundamental studies of hydrotreating catalysts for biobased feedstocks. © 2019 by the authors.
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| 39. |
- Blomberg, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Generation and oxidation of aerosol deposited PdAg nanoparticles
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028. ; 616, s. 186-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PdAg nanoparticles with a diameter of 10 nm have been generated by an aerosol particle method, and supported on a silica substrate. By using a combination of X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy it is shown that the size distribution of the particles is narrow and that the two metals form an alloy with a mixture of 75% Pd and 25% Ag. Under oxidizing conditions, Pd is found to segregate to the surface and a thin PdO like oxide is formed similar to the surface oxide previously reported on extended PdAg and pure Pd surfaces. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Bohlin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Affinity-CE with phospholipid and carbohydrate ligands : Binding between heparin and anionic liposomes and the anticoagulant protein, beta-2-glycoprotein I
- 2004
-
Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Binding studies executed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) benefit from flexibility in experimental set-up, wide applicability, and low consumption of reagents. Importantly, the high resolution inherent in CE allows complex mixtures and binding resulting in only small migration changes to be characterized quantitatively. One specific problem, however, that may be encountered when applying CE for the analysis of binding interactions of proteins is the need to avoid interactions other than those between the analyte and the ligand. Thus, protein-wall interactions in unmodified fused-silica capillaries used at neutral pH often invalidate analyses of protein binding. This problem is especially pronounced with basic proteins and proteins containing exposed patches of positive charge. Ways to overcome this are to neutralize the immobilized wall charges e.g. by different wall coatings and/or buffer additives, or by using the pH hysteresis effect, i.e., the slow deprotonation at neutral pH of low pH-treated fused silica. We illustrate the use of the pH-hysteresis effect to avoid adsorption problems in the analysis of a phospholipid- and heparin-binding anticoagulant protein, beta-2-glycoprotein under physiological pH conditions. The approach was useful for characterizing protein-heparin and protein-liposome binding. This will be the basis of using CE methods to evaluate the influence of human thrombogenic autoantibodies against this protein on such interactions and the approach will be also be a useful means to measure the binding activity of different domains and structurally modified variants of this protein and other proteins that suffer from a tendency to stick to fused silica
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| 42. |
- Bohlin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Affinity studies of beta-2-glycoprotein I using capillary electrophoresis
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Beta2-glycoprotein I (b2gpI), also known as apolipoprotein H, is a plasma protein which is involved in the blood coagulation cascade. It binds negatively charged substances such as heparin, DNA, and anionic phospholipids. A number of functions of b2gpI have been proposed, however, the precise function is still not entirely known. Circulating autoantibodies against b2gpI are associated with increased risk of thrombotic events, such as thrombosis and reoccurring fetal loss. It is therefore of interest to functionally characterize b2gpI including the influence of anti-b2gpI autoantibodies on the ligand binding behavior of the protein. The characterization of interactions between biological molecules may be accomplished by capillary electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions, without the need for immobilization. To avoid charge dependent analyte adsorption to the negative charges of the capillary wall we found the pH hysteresis effect of silica very useful. An acidic pretreatment of the capillary made it possible to perform a subsequent analysis at neutral pH. We were able to perform binding studies between b2gpI and heparin and monosaccharides at different ionic strengths and temperatures in a simple way. We could also study the effect of mildly denaturing conditions on the binding to the different ligands simply by adding sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), urea and ACN to the background electrolyte. The approach is simple, fast and automatic. The ionic strength, temperature and other parameters such as denaturing agents could easily be changed to characterize the binding between b2gpI and different ligands.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Bohlin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Capillary electrophoresis-based analysis of phospholipid- and glycosaminoglycan-binding by human beta-2-glycoprotein I
- 2004
-
Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Human beta-2-glycoprotein I (b2gpI) is a phospholipid- and heparin-binding plasma glycoprotein involved in autoimmune diseases characterized by blood clotting disturbances (thrombosis) together with the occurrence of autoantibodies against b2gpI. With the final goal of assessing autoantibody influence on binding interactions of b2gpI we have studied the development of capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based assays for interactions of negatively charged ligands with b2gpI. Binding studies executed by capillary electrophoresis benefit from flexibility in experimental set-up, wide applicability, and low consumption of reagents.Importantly, the high resolution inherent in CE allows complex mixtures and binding resulting in only small migration changes to be characterized quantitatively. One specific problem, however, that may be encountered when applying CE for the analysis of binding interactions of proteins is the need to avoid interactions other than those between the analyte and the ligand. Thus, protein-wall interactions in unmodified fused-silica capillaries used at neutral pH often invalidate analyses of protein binding. This problem is especially pronounced with basic proteins and proteins containing exposed patches of positive charge. In the development of suitable conditions for analysis at neutral pH of b2gpI we found the pH hysteresis behavior of fused silica surfaces useful since the protonated surface after an acid pre-wash counteracted protein adsorption efficiently in contrast to more laborious procedures including acrylamide/dimethylacrylamide coatings that did not permit analysis of this particular protein. This approach made quantitative studies of heparin-b2gpI interactions possible and the principle was shown also to work for detection of b2gpI binding to anionic phospholipids. Utilizing the pH hysteresis effect may be a simple solution to the adsorption problems often encountered in analyses of proteins by CE.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Bohlin, Maria E, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of ionic strength, temperature and conformation on affinity interactions of β2-glycoprotein I monitored by capillary electrophoresis
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Electrophoresis. - : Wiley. - 0173-0835 .- 1522-2683. ; 32, s. 728-737
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have used CE to evaluate the interaction between β2-glycoprotein I (β2gpI) and heparin. β2gpI is a human plasma protein involved in the blood coagulation cascade. It is of interest to functionally characterize the interactions of β2gpI because the exact function is not entirely known and because circulating autoantibodies against β2gpI are associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events. The effect of the ionic strength, temperature, and conformation of the protein on the interaction between β2gpI and heparin has been studied. The CE procedure for this study is simple, fast and automatic. β2gpI and heparin were allowed to interact during electrophoresis at different ionic strength buffers and at different capillary temperatures. To mimic perturbation of the conformation of β2gpI, different denaturing agents (SDS, ACN and urea) were added to the background electrolyte. While simple 1:1 binding isotherms were obtained at 22 °C the data strongly suggests that at physiological temperature the binding stoichiometry is not 1:1 and/or that cooperative interactions begin to play a role. We found that (i) the KD values differed by a factor of 60 at the ionic strengths studied (ii) β2gpI was resistant to denaturation with SDS and ACN, but was partially denatured by urea and (iii) the KD for the β2gpI-heparin interaction in the presence of urea was 10 times higher than the KD determined at the same conditions without urea added. Therefore, we conclude that the interaction between β2gpI and heparin is dependent on electrostatic interactions and on the conformation of β2gpI.
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| 47. |
- Bohlin, Maria E., 1979-
(författare)
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Method development for affinity capillary electrophoresis of ß2-glycoprotein I and biological ligands
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The final goal of this study is to establish a microscale analysis method that allows solution phase characterization of interactions between β2-glycoprotein I (β2gpI) and some of its ligands. Human β2gpI is a phospholipid- and heparin-binding plasma glycoprotein. The physiological role of the protein in normal blood coagulation is not entirely known, nor is its role in autoimmune diseases characterized by blood clotting disturbances (thrombosis). Quantitative binding data of β2gpI interactions with some of its ligands may help elucidating the mechanisms behind these diseases and in the development of new approaches for diagnostics, prevention, and therapy.In this thesis, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used as methodological platform for the interaction studies. The analysis of peptides and proteins by CE is desirable due to low sample consumption, possibilities for non-denaturing and highly effective separations. The first objective of this thesis was to find an approach to prevent charge dependent adsorption of β2gpI to the inner surface of the capillaries. Analyte adsorption at the negatively charged inner surface of fused silica capillaries is detrimental to interaction analyses. This phenomenon is especially pronounced in the analysis of basic proteins and proteins containing exposed positively charged domains, such as β2gpI. A new strategy to suppress these solute-wall interactions was devised, investigated and optimized. This strategy exploits the pH hysteresis behavior of fused silica surfaces, by simply performing an acidic pretreatment of the capillary. The results in this thesis show that the acidic pretreatment efficiently prevents protein adsorption.
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| 48. |
- Bohlin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of the amount of β2-glycoprotein I adsorbed at the inner surface of fused silica capillaries after acidic, neutral and alkaline pretreatment
- 2012
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Ingår i: Electrophoresis. - Weinheim, Germany : John Wiley & Sons. - 0173-0835 .- 1522-2683. ; 33:12, s. 1695-1702
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sample adsorption to the inner surface of fused silica capillaries is a common problem inCE when analyzingmacromolecules and is harmful to the analysis. We previously utilizedthe pH hysteresis effect of fused silica to facilitate electrophoresis of the strongly adsorbingprotein β2gpI in plain-fused silica capillaries at neutral pH. In the present paper, theeffect of different pretreatments of the capillary on the adsorption of the β2-glycoproteinI has been investigated using electroosmosis markers, SDS mobilization, and imagingbased on indirect immunofluorescence microscopy for direct visualization. The amountof β2gpI adsorbed on the surface was probed using all these independent techniques afterelectrophoresis at neutral pH on capillaries pretreated with HCl, background electrolyte(BGE), and NaOH. BGE pretreatment was included as a positive control. We found that80% or more of the starting material was adsorbed to the inner surface of the silicacapillaries during electrophoresis after pretreatment with only BGE or with NaOH, butafter acidic pretreatment the loss was consistently less than 20%. NaOH most efficientlyremoves adsorbed protein between runs. A theoretical calculation of the pH change ofthe BGE showed that electrolysis affects the pH more than the deprotonation of silanolsduring electrophoresis. We conclude that acidic pretreatment of fused silica capillariesdiminishes adsorption of β2gpI by decreasing charge-dependent wall adsorption.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Bohlin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Structure-activity studies of human beta2-glycoprotein I using capillary electrophoresis
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated various modes of CE to evaluate the interaction between beta2-glycoprotein I (b2gpI) and a number of anionic ligands to contribute to the elucidation of the structure-function relationship of b2gpI. b2gpI is a plasma protein which is involved in the blood coagulation cascade under normal, physiological conditions, however, its precise function is undefined. It is also involved in pathological conditions such as the so-called anti-phospholipid syndrome, where anti-b2gpI autoantibodies induce a prothrombotic state. Therefore, functional characterization of b2gpI under near physiological conditions is of interest. To avoid charge-dependent analyte adsorption to the inner surface of the capillary wall, we have utilized the pH hysteresis effect, where an acidic pretreatment of the capillary made it possible to perform subsequent CE analyses of b2gpI at neutral pH. The interaction between b2gpI and the anionic ligand heparin was studied with migration shift ACE, where the ionic strength, temperature and conformation of b2gpI were easily varied. The interaction between b2gpI and phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine liposomes are subject to an ongoing investigation by means of migration shift ACE, frontal analysis CE, partial filling CE and pre-equilibration partial filling ACE. We conclude that differential, but relatively low binding affinities that are highly dependent on electrostatic interactions and on a preserved conformation of the protein, characterize its interactions with ligands that in vivo will be present in multiple copies on e.g. cell surfaces. The CE procedure for this study is simple, fast and automatic and quantitative binding affinity parameters are conveniently obtained using small amounts of biological materials.
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