| 1. |
- Berteus Forslund, Helene, 1952, et al.
(author)
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Number of teeth, body mass index, and dental anxiety in middle-aged Swedish women
- 2002
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In: Acta Odontol Scand. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 60:6, s. 346-52
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Risk factors for poor dental health include obesity, low socio-economic status, poor dietary habits, and dental anxiety. The aim of this study was to explore the complex relation between body mass index (BMI) and number of teeth in middle-aged women taking education, dietary intake patterns, dental care utilization, and dental anxiety into account. Three groups of women (37-60 years): reference women (group I, BMI 23.8 +/- 3.1 kg/m2), obese women (group II, BMI 35.0 +/- 2.6 kg/m2), and severely obese women (group III, BMI 41.0 +/- 3.4 kg/m2) were included. Questionnaires were used to assess education, smoking, number of teeth, dental care utilization, dental anxiety, dietary intake, and meal patterns. Age, education, and smoking habits did not differ significantly between groups. However, there were significant global differences in number of teeth (27.2 +/- 3.4, 23.0 +/- 9.2, 24.7 +/- 5.9) and reported daily energy intake (9756 +/- 3363 kJ, 10344 +/- 3850 kJ, 11970 +/- 3786 kJ in groups I, II, and m, respectively). In a multiple regression model, a lower number of teeth was independently associated with higher age, higher BMI, lower education, irregular dental care, high dental anxiety, higher energy intake, and lower iron intake. These variables explained 25% of the variation in number of teeth. In conclusion, BMI is an independent predictor of number of teeth in middle-aged women when socio-economic, dietary, and psychological factors are taken into account.
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| 2. |
- Blomkvist, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Abusive caregivers are not a secure base for their infant : Understanding the neurobiology using a rodent model
- 2019
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In: 52nd Annual Meeting of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology, October 16-18, 2019. ; , s. 51-51
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Early life experiences are essential for a healthy development according to both human and animal research. From the attachment literature the primary caregiver has always been the center of attention in predicating outcomes in later development of the child.The attachment literature also highlights two functions that the caregiver implicit activate, the safe haven and the secure base functions. Safe haven function is when the infant can depend on the caregiver for comfort and relief if stressed. The secure base function is described as when the caregiver works as a platform for the child to explore. This latter function has the intent to describe the infant’s balance between two behaviours; exploration and proximity seeking.In this study we are linking the described attachment behaviour system with a neurobiological approach of measuring cortical local field potential (LFP) oscillations in rat pups. By using an experimental setting with both measures of behaviour and LFP where the pup interacts with the mother and a stranger we evaluate the secure base function. In addition, we are applying the Scarcity-Adversity Model of maltreatment to disentangle critical attachment disruptions. We are discovering differences in the two different groups of rat pups (control and maltreatment) and are reflecting on these results both on an attachment behavioral and neurobiological developmental level.
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| 3. |
- Blomkvist, Anna-Christina, et al.
(author)
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Computer usage with cold hands : an experiment with pointing devices
- 2000
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In: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 6:4, s. 429-450
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Computers are used in the outdoors and in connection with cold store work. Cold hand and fingers limit data input, as studied here. Six input devices; trackballs, pens, and a mouse were tested by 19 participants in a Fitts' target acquisition task with 2 target sizes under 2 experimental conditions; warm and cold right hand. Measures were acquisition times, number of errors, participant's preferences, and observed handling of the devices. Effects of device, target size, and cold were significant. Learning and attempts to improve handgrip were confirmed. Large enough targets, a thick pen, and a mouse make computer work practicable in the cold. Direct visual feedback, as with pen on template with target images, shortened acquisition times by half a second.
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| 4. |
- Blomkvist, Anna-Christina, et al.
(author)
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Computer use in cold environments
- 2000
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In: Applied Ergonomics. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 31:3, s. 239-245
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study addresses computer work in cold environments with the two-fold aim to explore conditions for such work, and to add knowledge about the use of fingers at data entry in the cold. Five workplaces were visited and work contents and use of computers are briefly described. Effects of work in the cold were in line with those mentioned in the literature, and manual lifting of heavy goods the most impairing activity. Subjects contended with strenuous working postures--holding the computers in their hands or arms--and with cold fingers. Individual fingering for data input was noted. Forefinger or a pen were used, and a pen is recommendable for input, either as a touch pen or, simply to press the keys. A supportive rack could be recommended for portable workstations.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Blomkvist, Anna-Christina, et al.
(author)
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Elkontoro
- 1996
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Reports (other academic/artistic)
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| 7. |
- Blomkvist, Anna-Christina, et al.
(author)
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Hypersensitivity to electricity and preferred remedial measures
- 1995
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In: Work with display units 94. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0444821457 ; , s. 351-356
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There will always be an element of concern connecting electromagnetism with health issues. As one expression for this concern, hypersensitivity to electricity has been debated in Sweden for ten years. The present debate stems from symptoms such as reactions from the nervous system, skin irritations and general symptoms of disease, and causes are often attributed to VDUs and/or other electric equipment and high voltage transmission. The paper discusses a study of office workers and concludes that persons hypersensitive to electricity form no apparent subgroups, and there is no obvious way to select means for rehabilitation for them (
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| 8. |
- Blomkvist, Anna-Christin
(author)
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"Hypersensitivity to electricity" in the office : symptoms and improvement
- 1997
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In: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 3:3-4, s. 129-140
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nineteen persons "hypersensitive" to electricity and 20 nonafflicted persons were studied for 1 1/2 years. The most discernible hypersensitivity symptoms were pricking sensations and redness in the face, but these symptoms were present in only half of the afflicted. Other symptoms were similar to symptoms experienced during office work and this study does not support the idea that electrosensitivity is one single syndrome. The "hypersensitive" persons improved significantly, mainly on neuropsychiatric symptoms, but the skin problems sustained--as did the belief about their cause. The afflicted persons used less conventional medication than the group of the nonafflicted, which suggests a general tendency for attribution to environmental factors.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Blomkvist, Anna, 1987-
(author)
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Intimate relationships and olfaction : Body odors, adult attachment, and romance
- 2022
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Odors influence several aspects of life, such as thoughts, memories, decisions, and emotions. Numerous studies have shown that human behavior can be affected by odors in different contexts. One such context is social relationships, in which body odors play a role. For example, previous studies have shown that close family members can identify each other’s body odors and prefer these compared to the body odors of non-family members. However, further research is needed to establish how body odors and olfactory functioning affect interpersonal behaviors and intimate relationships. In this thesis, I have conducted three studies highlighting the interplay between intimate relationships and olfaction. The overall purpose of this thesis was to investigate if and how olfaction is related to behaviors in intimate relationships.Study I tested if a romantic partner’s body odors have stress-altering effects and whether such effects differ depending on individual differences in romantic attachment security. As the practice of smelling a partner’s worn garment has been reported as a self-treatment against stress, my colleagues and I carried out an experiment to determine whether exposure to a partner’s body odor attenuates adult individuals’ subjective discomfort and psychophysiological responses. To induce discomfort and stress responses, participants were exposed to weak electric shocks while smelling their partner’s body odor (experimental condition) and three control odors (control conditions). The results showed that partner body odor had an attenuating effect on subjective discomfort during stress. Additionally, highly attachment-secure participants exhibited attenuated skin conductance specifically when exposed to their partner’s body odor. Thus, study I concluded that partner body odor is a scent of security, especially for relatively attachment-secure adults.Next, to determine whether olfaction is linked to sexual outcomes in intimate relationships, study II explored associations between self-reported olfactory functioning, on the one hand, and infidelity and sexual well-being, on the other, using a survey design. Our exploratory analyses found that self-reported olfactory function predicted sexual well-being positively and infidelity negatively, while controlling for other relevant socio-demographic variables. These results are discussed from a relationship science perspective, in which one’s intimate partner signifies sexual bonding in addition to caregiving and attachment. Thus, study II suggests that a partner’s body odor might be a scent of monogamy.Study III summarized the literature on populations with an impaired or total absence of a sense of smell. The interplay between olfaction and intimate relationship variables was examined by reviewing research reports and empirical studies concerning individuals with an impaired sense of smell. My colleague and I provided an overview of how olfactory impairment can impact three types of close social relationships: family relationships, friendships, and romantic relationships. For romantic relationships, which are the main focus of this thesis, three categories were defined in which olfactory impairment can impact close social relationships: eating, social support, and sexuality. Thus, study III concludes that olfactory ability is related to various romantic, intimate relationship behaviors.In sum, all three studies reported findings highlighting that olfaction (body odors and olfactory functioning) is related to intimate relationships. The results from the three studies are discussed via theoretical frameworks concerning the sense of smell, romantic relationships, and attachment. The thesis concludes that olfactory functioning and the experience of body odors are meaningful for intimate relationships and, as such, also for various behaviors in these relationships.
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| 11. |
- Blomkvist, Anna, 1987-, et al.
(author)
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Olfactory Impairment and Close Social Relationships : A Narrative Review
- 2021
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In: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 46
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Olfactory impairment is one of the more unique symptoms of COVID-19 infection and has therefore enjoyed increased public attention in recent months. Olfactory impairment has various implications and consequences ranging from difficulty detecting dangerous pathogens to hindering social functioning and social behaviors. We provide an overview of how olfactory impairment can impact 3 types of close social relationships: family relationships, friendships, and romantic relationships. Evidence is divided into several categories representing potential mechanisms by which olfactory impairment can impact close social relationships: bonding disruptions, decreased social support, missed group-eating experiences, hygiene concerns, and altered sexual behaviors. We conclude with a discussion of emerging future research questions.
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| 12. |
- Blomkvist, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Should I Stay or Should I Go? Relationship satisfaction and the influence of attachment
- 2019
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Romantic relationships have been argued to function as attachment relationships, and the level of satisfaction with the relationship have been associated with one’s attachment style. Both attachment avoidance and anxiety have shown to be reliable predictors of relationship dissatisfaction. In this study, which were part of a screening process for couples’ therapy, 660 participants (330 both heterosexual and homosexual couples) completed a questionnaire regarding their attachment style (Experience of Close Relationships) and relationship satisfaction (Dyadic Adjustment Scale). Through structural equation modelling we found that relationship satisfaction was linked to both attachment avoidance (? = -.26) and anxiety (? = -.15) of one own, but only to partner avoidance (? = -.12). These findings are to some extent contradictory to previous research regarding the effect of partner attachment, by showing that specifically avoidance but not anxiety is linked to dissatisfaction.
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| 13. |
- Blomkvist, Anna
(author)
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Stress and odors
- 2018
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Compared to our other senses, the sense of smell has a unique and anatomically direct pathway to the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal-axis which might have many important implicit and explicit functions in reducing stress. In a set of behavioral experiments, we pursued the hypothesis that the sense of smell could reduce psychophysiological measured stress, i.e. skin conductance levels (SCL), after a stress induction paradigm using weak electric shocks. In study one, we used the framework of attachment theory stating that an adult attachment figure should provide a relief and comfort if the individual is exposed to a stressful event. The results showed that such a relief and comfort can be achieved for the secure individuals by simply smelling their partner´s body odor. Presence of their partners body odor significantly reduced SCL compared to when smelling their own, a neutral or a positive odor. In study two, a multisensory paradigm with virtual reality was used to test whether odors uniquely reduce stress responses within three different environments; urban parks, forests and cities. Our findings showed that high psychological pleasantness was linked to low stress response for the olfactory and visual senses. Taken together these findings demonstrate that both social and environmental odors are able to provide stress release and further, provide a framework for understanding the underlying mechanisms of olfaction cues and stress.
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| 14. |
- Blomkvist, Anna, 1987-, et al.
(author)
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The scent of monogamy : self-reported olfactory function predicts sexual well-being and infidelity in an Italian population
- 2022
-
In: Archives of Sexual Behavior. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0004-0002 .- 1573-2800. ; 51:6, s. 2879-2889
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous studies have shown that olfactory function plays an essential role in the bonding of a romantic relationship. Body odors, in particular, seem involved in both mate choices and other intimate behaviors. Our sense of smell is also crucial to detect possible pathogen threats, by activating a suitable disgust reaction. Previous studies have shown that disgust sensitivity is negatively related to sociosexuality, and disgust generally inhibits our sexual drive. In the present study, we explored the possible relation between olfactory function, pathogen disgust sensitivity, sociosexuality, sexual well-being, and infidelity through a web survey. Our exploratory analyses found that, in a large Italian sample (N = 1107), among those in a stable relationship, self-reported olfactory function predicted sexual well-being (p < .05) and negatively predicted infidelity (p < .05) when controlling for other relevant sociodemographics variables. Moreover, the relation between self-reported olfactory function and sexual well-being was mediated by pathogen disgust sensitivity. Although significant, these results must be interpreted with caution, because the effect sizes were small.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Delmer, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Infant sensitivity to maternal neuromodulation of the HPA stress axis
- 2019
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Young rat pups and children show blunted stress and fear to threat if the caregiver is present (social buffering), although, the effect is reduced in maltreated children. We showed that maternal presence attenuated hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) during a threat, but it was not attenuated in abused rat pups. This suggests that the inability of abused pups to be socially buffered by the mother is due to maternal presence's failure to block HPA activation.
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| 21. |
- Essén, Birgitta, et al.
(author)
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The experience and responses of Swedish health professionals to patients requesting virginity restoration (hymen repair)
- 2010
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In: Reproductive health matters. - 0968-8080 .- 1460-9576. ; 18:35, s. 38-46
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An important determinant of family honour in many cultures is the chastity of women, with much importance attributed to virginity until marriage. The traditional proof of virginity is bleeding from the ruptured hymen, which has led some women to request genital surgery to "restore" virginity, or hymen repair. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Swedish health care providers have had experience of patients requesting this surgery. Questionnaires were sent to 1,086 gynaecologists, midwives, youth welfare and social officers, and school nurses and doctors in four Swedish cities. Of the 507 who returned the questionnaire, 271 had seen patients seeking virginity-related care. Of these, 14 had turned the patients away; 221 had made 429 referrals, mostly to a welfare officer or a gynaecologist; and 26 had referred patients to a plastic surgeon. Nine gynaecologists had carried out such surgery themselves. Swedish authorities have to date focused on this issue primarily from a social and legal perspective. No guidelines exist on how health professionals should deal with requests for surgery to restore virginity. Further research is needed on how best to meet the needs of this group of patients in a multi-ethnic society and how to address requests for hymen repair. Without this, medical practitioners and counsellors will remain uncertain and ambivalent, and a variety of approaches will persist.
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| 22. |
- Granqvist, Pehr, et al.
(author)
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The scent of security : Odor of romantic partner alters subjective discomfort and autonomic stress responses in an adult attachment-dependent manner
- 2019
-
In: Physiology and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 198, s. 144-150
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When in a stressful situation, access to adult attachment figures (e.g., romantic partners) is an important means by which adults regulate stress responses. The practice of smelling a partner's worn garment is reported as a self-treatment against stress. Here, we experimentally determined whether exposure to a partner's body odor attenuates adults' subjective discomfort and psychophysiological responses, and whether such effects are qualified by adult attachment security. In a blocked design, participants (N = 34) were presented with their partner's body odor, their own body odor, the odor of a clean t-shirt and rose odor, while exposed to weak electric shocks to induce discomfort and stress responses. Results showed that partner body odor reduces subjective discomfort during a stressful event, as compared with the odor of oneself. Also, highly secure participants had attenuated skin conductance when exposed to partner odor. We conclude that partner odor is a scent of security, especially for attachment-secure adults.
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| 23. |
- Hillerdal, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Pleural disease during treatment with bromocriptine in patients previously exposed to asbestos
- 1997
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In: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 10:12, s. 2711-2715
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bromocriptine, which is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, can cause adverse pleuropulmonary reactions. Exposure to asbestos can result in similar lesions. Fifteen patients with former exposure to asbestos, who developed pleural fibrosis after treatment with bromocriptine, were observed independently in Sweden (11 patients) and Australia (four patients). The patients complained of malaise, often associated with weight loss, dyspnoea, and a disturbing cough. Laboratory values included increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and a low haemoglobin level. Lung function tests showed a restrictive lung function defect. Chest radiographs showed bilateral pleural fibrosis, with small amounts of fluid in some cases. Soon after bromocriptine was withdrawn, the patients improved clinically, and the laboratory values returned to normal. However, in most cases, pleural fibrosis and a restrictive lung function defect persisted to some extent. In conclusion, in patients who develop pleuropulmonary fibrosis whilst being treated with bromocriptine, former exposure to asbestos should be investigated. Conversely, when pleural changes develop in a patient on bromocriptine and with prior exposure to asbestos, the possible causative role of the drug should be discussed. Special follow-up may be indicated when bromocriptine is planned in a patient with previous asbestos exposure, and if symptoms or signs of pleural fibrosis develop, bromocriptine withdrawal should be considered.
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| 24. |
- Hjortsberg, Susanne, et al.
(author)
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Electro-magnetic field in the offiece environment
- 1993
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In: 3rd International conference on modern building materials, structures and techniques. - Vilnius : Politechnika Gdanska.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 25. |
- Lindholm, Torun, et al.
(author)
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Men’s and Women’s Self-Presentational Tactics Lead to Gender Biases in Manager Selection
- 2019
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We examined how men’s and women’s self-presentational choices influenced perceived suitability for a senior position. We confronted applicants to job interview questions preferred by men or women. Regardless of their gender, applicants received better evaluations when they received questions initially selected by men than questions initially selected by women.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Opendak, Maya, et al.
(author)
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Adverse caregiving in infancy blunts neural processing of the mother
- 2020
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The roots of psychopathology frequently take shape during infancy in the context of parent-infant interactions and adversity. Yet, neurobiological mechanisms linking these processes during infancy remain elusive. Here, using responses to attachment figures among infants who experienced adversity as a benchmark, we assessed rat pup cortical local field potentials (LFPs) and behaviors exposed to adversity in response to maternal rough and nurturing handling by examining its impact on pup separation-reunion with the mother. We show that during adversity, pup cortical LFP dynamic range decreased during nurturing maternal behaviors, but was minimally impacted by rough handling. During reunion, adversity-experiencing pups showed aberrant interactions with mother and blunted cortical LFP. Blocking pup stress hormone during either adversity or reunion restored typical behavior, LFP power, and cross-frequency coupling. This translational approach suggests adversity-rearing produces a stress-induced aberrant neurobehavioral processing of the mother, which can be used as an early biomarker of later-life pathology. The roots of psychopathology take shape during adverse parent-infant interactions, shown through infant attachment quality. Using rodents, the authors show that blunted infant cortical processing of the mother determines attachment quality through a stress hormone-dependent mechanism.
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| 28. |
- Opendak, Maya, et al.
(author)
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Neurobiology of maternal regulation of infant fear : the role of mesolimbic dopamine and its disruption by maltreatment
- 2019
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In: Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0893-133X .- 1740-634X. ; 44:7, s. 1247-1257
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Child development research highlights caregiver regulation of infant physiology and behavior as a key feature of early life attachment, although mechanisms for maternal control of infant neural circuits remain elusive. Here we explored the neurobiology of maternal regulation of infant fear using neural network and molecular levels of analysis in a rodent model. Previous research has shown maternal suppression of amygdala-dependent fear learning during a sensitive period. Here we characterize changes in neural networks engaged during maternal regulation and the transition to infant self-regulation. Metabolic mapping of 2deoxyglucose uptake during odor-shock conditioning in postnatal day (PN) 14 rat pups showed that maternal presence blocked fear learning, disengaged mesolimbic circuitry, basolateral amygdala (BLA), and plasticity-related AMPA receptor subunit trafficking. At PN18, when maternal presence only socially buffers threat learning (similar to social modulation in adults), maternal presence failed to disengage the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, and failed to disengage both the BLA and plasticity-related AMPA receptor subunit trafficking. Further, maternal presence failed to block threat learning at PN14 pups following abuse, and mesolimbic dopamine engagement and AMPA were not significantly altered by maternal presence-analogous to compromised maternal regulation of children in abusive relationships. Our results highlight three key features of maternal regulation: (1) maternal presence blocks fear learning and amygdala plasticity through age-dependent suppression of amygdala AMPA receptor subunit trafficking, (2) maternal presence suppresses engagement of brain regions within the mesolimbic dopamine circuit, and (3) early-life abuse compromises network and molecular biomarkers of maternal regulation, suggesting reduced social scaffolding of the brain.
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| 29. |
- Park, J. I., et al.
(author)
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The differentiation between consumers of hentai pornography and human pornography
- 2022
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In: Sexologies. - : Elsevier BV. - 1158-1360 .- 1878-1829. ; 31:3, s. 226-239
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The study aimed to investigate if hentai consumers differed from other pornography consumers regarding their attachment style, attraction to, and desire for romantic relationships with anime characters and humans. Pornography consumers were categorized into three groups. The first group consumed both hentai and human pornography (hentai consumers), the second consumed human pornography but not hentai (non-hentai), and the third did not consume hentai or human pornography (non-porn). Two hundred and eight participants completed an online study that involved self-report surveys and an image rating task. The results revealed that hentai consumers did not differ from non-hentai or non-porn consumers on avoidant attachment. However, among females, hentai consumers were higher on anxious attachment compared to non-porn consumers. For the image rating task, hentai consumers rated anime characters more attractive than non-hentai and non-porn consumers. However, there were no group differences for the image ratings of real people. Hentai consumers indicated stronger romantic desire towards anime characters compared to non-hentai and non-porn consumers; there were no group differences in romantic desire for humans. The findings highlight the importance of differentiating individuals who consume hentai and those who do not.
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| 30. |
- Robinson-Drummer, Patrese A., et al.
(author)
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Infant Trauma Alters Social Buffering of Threat Learning : Emerging Role of Prefrontal Cortex in Preadolescence
- 2019
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In: Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-5153. ; 13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Within the infant-caregiver attachment system, the primary caregiver holds potent reward value to the infant, exhibited by infants' strong preference for approach responses and proximity-seeking towards the mother. A less well-understood feature of the attachment figure is the caregiver's ability to reduce fear via social buffering, commonly associated with the notion of a safe haven in the developmental literature. Evidence suggests this infant system overlaps with the neural network supporting social buffering (attenuation) of fear in the adults of many species, a network known to involve the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Here, using odor-shock conditioning in young developing rats, we assessed when the infant system transitions to the adult-like PFC-dependent social buffering of threat system. Rat pups were odor-shock conditioned (0.55 mA-0.6 mA) at either postnatal day (PN18; dependent on mother) or 28 (newly independent, weaned at PN23). Within each age group, the mother was present or absent during conditioning, with PFC assessment following acquisition using(14)C 2-DG autoradiography and cue testing the following day. Since the human literature suggests poor attachment attenuates the mother's ability to socially buffer the infants, half of the pups at each age were reared with an abusive mother from PN8-12. The results showed that for typical control rearing, the mother attenuated fear in both PN18 and PN28 pups, although the PFC [infralimbic (IL) and ventral prelimbic (vPL) cortices] was only engaged at PN28. Abuse rearing completely disrupted social buffering of pups by the mother at PN18. The results from PN28 pups showed that while the mother modulated learning in both control and abuse-reared pups, the behavioral and PFC effects were attenuated after maltreatment. Our data suggest that pups transition to the adult-like PFC social support circuit after independence from the mother (PN28), and this circuit remains functional after early-life trauma, although its effectiveness appears reduced. This is in sharp contrast to the effects of early life trauma during infancy, where social buffering of the infant is more robustly impacted. We suggest that the infant social buffering circuit is disengaged by early-life trauma, while the adolescent PFC-dependent social buffering circuit may use a safety signal with unreliable safety value.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Shahnavaz, Houshang, et al.
(author)
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Objective and subjective evaluation of ergonomic aspects of VDU filters
- 1989
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In: Displays (Guildford). - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-9382 .- 1872-7387. ; 10:1, s. 29-36
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A study has been carried out to evaluate the effects of some commercially available filters for VDUs both from an objective and subjective viewpoint. Questionnaires were sent to filter manufacturers to assess their attitudes and opinions. Examination of colour, light absorption, change of contrast between character and background, and electrostatic measures were made in a university laboratory, and case studies were enacted in several offices. Ergonomic evaluations are discussed.
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| 33. |
- Shell, Amy, et al.
(author)
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Particular body odors matter : Disgust sensitivity differs across attachment groups
- 2022
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In: Journal of Applied Social Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0021-9029 .- 1559-1816. ; 52:10, s. 990-1001
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Extensive research has highlighted how one's attachment style influences the development and maintenance of romantic relationships. Disgust is a construct that conceptually overlaps with attachment style given both include elements of behavioral avoidance. However, no previous study has examined how one's attachment style may influence disgust-based avoidance of intimacy in romantic relationships. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to determine if adult attachment style is associated with olfactory disgust ratings towards eight body odor (BO) sources from their partner, previous partner, or others. The results revealed that disgust ratings of a partner's BO differed depending on attachment style. Specifically, the participants with a dismissing-avoidant attachment style rated their partner's BO as more disgusting than the secure, fearful-avoidant, or preoccupied styles. Moreover, participants with a dismissing-avoidant attachment style rated their partner's and strangers' BO equally disgusting whereas those in the other attachment groups rated strangers' BO as more disgusting than their partner's.
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| 34. |
- Shell, Amy, et al.
(author)
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The Link between Attachment Style and Self-Reported Olfactory Ability : A Preliminary Investigation
- 2021
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In: Brain Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3425. ; 11:10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Individuals in healthy romantic relationships gain significant benefits to their psychological wellbeing and physiological health. Notably, the majority of relationship research has focused on how adult attachment influences these relationship outcomes while the role of olfaction remains an emerging research focus. The aim of the current study was to bring together these seemingly unrelated factors–attachment and olfaction–in an online quasi-experimental design. The participants were 401 undergraduate students, predominantly females, ranging in age from 17 to 70 years. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires that evaluated their attachment tendencies, olfactory ability and experiences in romantic relationships. Results indicated that attachment insecurity, across both attachment anxiety and avoidance, was associated with decreased olfactory functioning for females. These findings provide preliminary evidence that olfaction is related to romantic relationship maintenance and suggests that body odors could be fundamental for evoking the attachment system. These findings also elicit enticing new avenues of research which can assist psychologists to provide targeted treatments to individuals with olfactory deficits and insecure attachment tendencies.
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| 35. |
- Wiberg, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Concentrations and enantiomer fractions of organochlorine compounds in Baltic species hit by reproductive impairment
- 2002
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In: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0730-7268 .- 1552-8618. ; 21:12, s. 2542-2551
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Concentrations and enantiomer fractions (EFs) of organochlorine compounds (OCs) were determined in tissues of gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) and salmon (Salmo salar) originating from the Baltic Sea. The selected seal specimens ranged from starved to unstarved animals, and some of them suffered from a disease complex, while the salmon samples originated from individuals, which were known to produce offspring with and without the M74 syndrome. Significant differences in residue levels and EFs were found between seal groups but not between M74 salmon and non-M74 salmon. The relations between chemical and biological variables of seal samples were investigated with multivariate statistics. Poor health status correlated strongly with age, while bad nutrition condition was associated mainly with high pollution loads and distinctively nonracemic chiral OC compositions. High biotransformation rate (as indicated by fraction of chlordane metabolites in relation to total level of chlordanes) was also associated with large deviations from racemic values and high contaminant levels.
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| 36. |
- Zakrzewska, Marta, et al.
(author)
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Body odor disgust sensitivity is associated with prejudice towards a fictive group of immigrants
- 2019
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In: Physiology and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 201, s. 221-227
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Why are certain individuals persistent in opposing immigration? The behavioral immune system framework implies that a psychological mechanism, which adapted to detect and avoid pathogen threats, is also reflected in contemporary social attitudes. Moreover, prejudice towards outgroups might be partially driven by implicit pathogen concerns related to the perceived dissimilarity with these groups' hygiene and food preparation practices. Disgust, a universal core emotion supposedly evolved to avoid pathogen threats, as well as olfaction, both play a pivotal role in evoking disgust. In an online study (N = 800), we investigated whether individual differences in body odor disgust sensitivity (BODS) correlate with negative attitudes towards a fictive refugee group. The data analysis plan and hypotheses were preregistered. Results show that body odor disgust sensitivity is associated with xenophobia: BODS was positively associated with negative attitudes towards the fictive group. This relationship was partially mediated by perceived dissimilarities of the group in terms of hygiene and food preparation. Our finding suggests prejudice might be rooted in sensory mechanisms.
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| 37. |
- Zakrzewska, Marta Zuzanna, et al.
(author)
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An Overprotective Nose? Implicit Bias Is Positively Related to Individual Differences in Body Odor Disgust Sensitivity
- 2020
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In: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Body odors are universal elicitors of disgust, a core emotion that plays a key role in the behavioral immune system (BIS) - a set of psychological functions working to avoid disease. Recent studies showed that body odor disgust sensitivity (BODS) is associated with explicit xenophobia and authoritarianism. In the current experimental pre-registered study (), we investigated the association between olfactory pathogen cues, BODS and implicit bias toward an outgroup (tested by an implicit association test). Results show that BODS is positively related to implicit bias toward an outgroup, suggesting that social attitudes may be linked to basic chemosensory processes. These attitudes were not influenced by background odors. Additionally, BODS was related to social, but not economic conservatism. This study extends the BIS framework to an experimental context by focusing on the role of disgust and body odors in shaping implicit bias.
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| 38. |
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