| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Low symptomatic load in Crohn's disease with surgery and medicine as complementary treatments
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 33:4, s. 423-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The treatment of Crohn's disease has changed owing to the recognition of its chronicity. Medical maintenance treatment and limited resections have evolved as major concepts of management, regarded as complementary, and both aim at reducing the symptoms.Methods: We investigated the symptomatic load in Crohn's disease as reflected in a cross-sectional study of the symptom index, physicians' assessment, and the patients' perception of health. A cohort of 212 patients from the primary catchment area and 125 referred patients were studied.Results: Of catchment area patients, 83% were receiving medication, and the annual rate of abdominal surgery was 5.7%. Corresponding figures for the referred patients were 82% and 10.3%. According to the symptom index, 87% of catchment area patients were in remission or had only mild symptoms; according to the physicians' assessment, 90% were. The patients' median perception of health was 90% of perfect health according to the visual analogue scale. The figures were similar for referred patients, except that referrals were considered more diseased by the physician.Conclusion: The great majority of patients with Crohn's disease are able to live in remission or experience only mild symptoms.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Peter, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Surgery for Crohn colitis over a twenty-eight-year period : fewer stomas and the replacement of total colectomy by segmental resection
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 37:1, s. 68-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study describes how surgery for Crohn colitis developed between 1970 and 1997, towards the end of which period limited resection and medical maintenance treatment was introduced.Methods: A cohort of 211 patients with Crohn colitis (115 population-based), of which 84 had a primary colonic resection (42 population-based), was investigated regarding indication for surgery, the time from diagnosis to operation, type of primary colonic resection, risk for permanent stoma and medication over four 7-year periods.Results: Comparison of the periods 1970-90 and 1991-97 revealed that active disease as an indication for surgery decreased from 64% to 25% ( P < 0.01) while stricture as an indication increased from 9% to 50% ( P < 0.001). Median time from diagnosis to operation increased from 3.5 to 11.5 years ( P < 0.01). Proctocolectomy or colectomy fell from 68.8% to 10% of the primary resections, whereas segmental resection increased from 31.2% to 90%. At the end of the first 7-year period, 26% had medical maintenance treatment, steroids or azathioprine taken by 7%. Corresponding figures for the last period were 70% and 49%. Patients diagnosed during the last two time-periods had less risk for surgery ( P = 0.017), permanent stoma ( P < 0.01) and total colectomy ( P < 0.01). Findings were similar in the population-based cohort.Conclusions: Current management of Crohn colitis implies a longer period between diagnosis and surgery, a reduced risk for surgery and permanent stoma, and the replacement of total colectomy by segmental resection.
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| 9. |
- Bodemar, Göran, 1941-, et al.
(författare)
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Irriterade tarmens syndrom.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 98, s. 666-671
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Bodemar, Göran, 1941-, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease with iron sucrose
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 39:5, s. 454-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated anaemia usually responds to intravenous iron. If not, additive treatment with erythropoietin has been proposed. The objective of the present retrospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with iron sucrose alone. Methods: Sixty-one patients with IBD and anaemia (average haemoglobin 97 g/L) were treated with iron sucrose (iron dose 1.4 ± 0.5 g). The indications for iron sucrose were poor response and/or intolerance to oral iron. Treatment response was defined as an increase in haemoglobin of ≥20 g/L or to normal haemoglobin levels (>120 g/L). Two independent investigators retrospectively assessed laboratory variables, clinical findings, and concomitant medication. Results: Two patients were transferred to other hospitals after treatment and therefore could not be evaluated. Fifty-four of the remaining 59 patients (91%) responded within 12 weeks. Sixty percent of the patients had responded within 8 weeks. Five patients had no or only a partial response to iron sucrose of which three had prolonged gastrointestinal blood losses. Eight patients with normal or elevated levels of ferritin could be considered to have anaemia of chronic disease, and all of them responded to iron sucrose. During a follow-up period of 117 ± 85 (4-291) (mean ± s (standard deviation) (range)) weeks 19 patients (32%) needed at least one second course of iron sucrose because of recurrent disease. Conclusions: Anaemia associated with IBD can be successfully treated with intravenously administered iron sucrose, provided that bowel inflammation is treated adequately and enough iron is given. Treatment with iron sucrose is safe. Follow-up of haemoglobin and iron parameters to avoid further iron deficiency anaemia is recommended.
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| 14. |
- Ekstedt, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol consumption is associated with progression of hepatic fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 44:3, s. 366-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Moderate alcohol consumption has been reported to be inversely associated with cardiovascular disease and total mortality. The importance of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing and many NAFLD patients suffer from cardiovascular disease. In these patients, moderate alcohol consumption could be beneficial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether low alcohol intake, consistent with the diagnosis of NAFLD, is associated with fibrosis progression in established NAFLD. Material and methods: Seventy-one patients originally referred because of chronically elevated liver enzymes and diagnosed with biopsy-proven NAFLD were re-evaluated. A validated questionnaire combined with an oral interview was used to assess weekly alcohol consumption and the frequency of episodic drinking. Significant fibrosis progression in NAFLD was defined as progression of more than one fibrosis stage or development of endstage liver disease during follow-up. Results: Mean follow-up (SD) was 13.8 (1.2) years between liver biopsies. At follow-up, 17 patients (24%) fulfilled the criteria for significant fibrosis progression. The proportion of patients reporting heavy episodic drinking at least once a month was higher among those with significant fibrosis progression (p=0.003) and a trend towards higher weekly alcohol consumption was also seen (p=0.061). In a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, heavy episodic drinking (p0.001) and insulin resistance (p0.01) were independently associated with significant fibrosis progression. Conclusions: Moderate alcohol consumption, consistent with the diagnosis of NAFLD to be set, is associated with fibrosis progression in NAFLD. These patients should be advised to refrain from heavy episodic drinking.
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| 15. |
- Ekstedt, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term follow-up of patients with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Hepatology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0270-9139 .- 1527-3350. ; 44:4, s. 865-873
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of elevated liver enzymes in patients of developed countries. We determined the long-term clinical and histological courses of such patients. In a cohort study, 129 consecutively enrolled patients diagnosed with biopsy-proven NAFLD were reevaluated. Survival and causes of death were compared with a matched reference population. Living NAFLD patients were offered repeat liver biopsy and clinical and biochemical investigation. Mean follow-up (SD) was 13.7 (1.3) years. Mortality was not increased in patients with steatosis. Survival of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was reduced (P = .01). These subjects more often died from cardiovascular (P = .04) and liver-related (P = .04) causes. Seven patients (5.4%) developed end-stage liver disease, including 3 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The absence of periportal fibrosis at baseline had a negative predictive value of 100% in predicting liver-related complications. At follow-up, 69 of 88 patients had diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Progression of liver fibrosis occurred in 41%. These subjects more often had a weight gain exceeding 5 kg (P = .02), they were more insulin resistant (P = .04), and they exhibited more pronounced hepatic fatty infiltration (P = .03) at follow-up. In conclusion, NAFLD with elevated liver enzymes is associated with a clinically significant risk of developing end-stage liver disease. Survival is lower in patients with NASH. Most NAFLD patients will develop diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance in the long term. Progression of liver fibrosis is associated with more pronounced insulin resistance and significant weight gain.
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| 16. |
- Ekstedt, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Statins in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronically elevated liver enzymes : a histopathological follow-up study.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Hepatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-8278 .- 1600-0641. ; 47:1, s. 135-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: The effect of statins on hepatic histology in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not known. This study explores hepatic histology in NAFLD patients before and after initiation of statin therapy and compares histological outcome with NAFLD patients who had not been prescribed statins. Methods: Sixty-eight NAFLD patients were re-evaluated. Follow-up ranged from 10.3 to 16.3 years. Subjects were clinically investigated and a repeat liver biopsy was obtained. No patient was taking statins at baseline while 17 patients were treated with statins at follow-up. Results: At baseline, patients that later were prescribed statins had significantly higher BMI and more pronounced hepatic steatosis. At follow-up patients on medication with statins continued to have significantly higher BMI. Diabetes was significantly more common among patients on medication with statins and they had significantly more pronounced insulin resistance. However, they exhibited a significant reduction of liver steatosis at follow-up as opposed to patients not taking statins. Despite exhibiting a high risk profile for progression of liver fibrosis, only four patients on statin treatment progressed in fibrosis stage. Conclusions: Statins can be prescribed in patients with elevated liver enzymes because of NAFLD.
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| 17. |
- Ekstedt, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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The clinical relevance of the Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Activity Score (NAS) in predicting fibrosis progression
- 2008
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: The NAFLD activity score (NAS) is a newly proposed system to grade the necroinflammatory activity in liver biopsies of NAFLD patients. This study evaluates the usefulness of the NAS in predicting clinical deterioration and fibrosis progression in NAFLD. Methods: One hundred and twenty-nine patients with biopsy proven NAFLD were included in a long-term histological follow-up study. Clinical and histological course were compared between NASH, “borderline NASH”, and “not NASH” patients. Significant fibrosis progression in NAFLD was defined as progression of more than one fibrosis stage or development of end-stage liver disease during follow-up. Results: Eighty-eight patients accepted re-evaluation and 68 underwent repeat liver biopsy. Mean time between biopsies was 13.8 ± 1.2 years (range 10.3-16.3). At baseline, NASH was diagnosed in 2 (1.6%) patients, and at follow-up, in 1 (1.5%) patient. A trend towards higher baseline NAS was seen in patients (n = 7) that developed end-stage liver disease (3.1 ± 0.9 vs. 2.4 ± 1.0; P = 0.062). Baseline NAS was significantly higher in patients with progressive fibrosis (2.9 ± 0.9 vs. 2.2 ± 0.9; P = 0.017), and NAS was independently associated with significant fibrosis progression tested in a multivariate analysis (P = 0.023). However, 18% of patients without NASH progressed significantly in fibrosis stage. Conclusion: Although the NAS is independently associated with future risk of progressive fibrosis in NAFLD, the clinical usefulness of the score is limited due to the significant overlap in clinical development between NAS-score groups.
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| 18. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Mathiesen, UL, et al.
(författare)
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Increased liver echogenicity at ultrasound examination reflects degree of steatosis but not of fibrosis in asymptomatic patients with mild/moderate abnormalities of liver transaminases
- 2002
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Ingår i: Digestive and Liver Disease. - 1590-8658 .- 1878-3562. ; 34:7, s. 516-522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. To investigate whether hyperechogenicity of liver can reliably be interpreted as liver steatosis and if any concomitant or isolated fibrosis can be disclosed. Patients and methods. A series of 165 patients with no signs or symptoms of liver disease referred because of slightly to moderately raised aminotransferases (alanine aminotransferase and/or aspartate aminotransferase 0.7-5.0 ╡kat/l) for more than 6 months were prospectively investigated with a comprehensive laboratory profile, ultrasound examination of liver and percutaneous liver biopsy. Fibrosis was assessed quantitatively and according to Metavir. Steatosis was graded as none, mild, moderate or severe. Results. Of 98 (59.4%) patients with raised echogenicity, 85 (86.7%) had liver steatosis of at least moderate degree, 9 patients with same degree of steatosis had normal echogenicity and 13 patients with no or only mild steatosis had normal echogenicity liver (sensitivity 0.90, specificity 0.82, positive predictive value 0.87, negative predictive value 0.87). About the same relations were found regardless of body mass index and degree of fibrosis. With increased echogenicity together with high attenuation (n=59) and reduced portal vessel wall distinction (n=79), positive predictive value increased to 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. Quantitatively assessed fibrosis (mean ▒ SD) was 3.2▒4.6% of biopsy area with normal and 2.3▒1.8% with raised echogenicity [ns]. Echogenicity was normal in 5 out of 9 patients with septal fibrosis and in 4 out of 6 patients with cirrhosis. Any structural, non-homogenous findings at ultrasound were not associated with architectural fibrotic changes and none had nodular contours of liver surface. Conclusions. Assessment of liver echogenicity is of value for detection or exclusion of moderate to pronounced fatty infiltration (correct classification 86.6%) but cannot be relied upon in diagnosing fibrosis, not even cirrhosis in asymptomatic patients with mild to moderately elevated liver transaminases.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Myrelid, Pär, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Azathioprine as a postoperative prophylaxis reduces symptoms in aggressive Crohn's disease
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 41:10, s. 1190-1195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Recurrence of Crohn's disease (CD) after surgery is common. Azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine (Aza/6-MP) is effective in controlling medically induced remission but, so far, has only been sparsely investigated after surgically induced remission. This study comprises a subset of CD patients considered to have an aggressive disease course and chosen for treatment with Aza postoperatively. Material and methods. In 1989-2000, a total of 100 patients with CD were given Aza/6-MP as a postoperative prophylaxis. Fourteen Aza/6-MP-intolerant patients were compared with 28 Aza-tolerant patients, matched for gender, age, and duration of disease. Patients were prospectively registered for symptoms using a modified Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) and perceived health was assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS). The primary outcome variable was the modified CDAI postoperatively integrated over time, other variables were time to first relapse (modified CDAI ≥ 150), time to first repeated surgery, number of courses of steroids, and repeated surgery per year of follow-up. Patients were followed for a median of 84.7months (23.2-140). Results. The modified CDAI integrated over time was 93 for Aza-treated patients compared with 184 for controls (p = 0.01) and time to first relapse was 53 and 24 months, respectively (p < 0.05). Aza-treated patients needed fewer courses of corticosteroids (p = 0.05) compared with controls. Perceived health did not differ between the groups, nor did need of repeated surgery. Time to first repeat operation was 53 and 37 months, respectively. Conclusions. In CD patients considered to have an aggressive disease course, Aza reduced symptoms after surgery and prolonged the time to symptomatic relapse. The findings support a role for Aza as a postoperative maintenance treatment in CD. © 2006 Taylor & Francis.
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| 27. |
- Ragnarsson, Gudmundur, et al.
(författare)
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Abdominal Symptoms and Anorectal Function in Health and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 36:8, s. 833-842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is unclear how the quality and quantity of abdominal symptoms and anorectal function differ between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and healthy controls, and whether different anorectal function in patients is associated with abdominal symptoms in IBS.Methods: Fifty-two outpatients with IBS and 12 healthy controls kept daily symptom records over 1 week. At the end of the week, anorectal function was assessed by manovolumetry before and after a standard fatty meal. Patients were divided into symptom and manovolumetric subgroups using a cluster analysis and also into those below (hypersensitive) and those within (normosensitive) the 95% confidence interval of the controls' mean for maximal tolerable distension (MTD).Results: Regardless of subgroup, the patients were distinguished from the controls by pain, bloating, straining and incomplete evacuation. Compared with controls, MTD was lower in the pain/bloating subgroup characterized by considerable pain and the bowel habit subgroup characterized by hard stools, variable stool consistency and heavily disturbed stool passage. Preprandial rectal hypersensitivity was highly prevalent in this bowel habit subgroup. No similar association with the pain/bloating subgroup was found. Patients and controls showed a significant and similar postprandial decrease in MTD.Conclusions: IBS is distinguished from health by pain, bloating, straining and a feeling of incomplete evcuation. Baseline rectal hypersensitivity is associated with constipation-like bowel habit. Increased rectal sensitivity after a meal and/or preceding distension is a normal reaction unimportant in the genesis of symptoms in IBS.
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| 28. |
- Ragnarsson, Gudmundur, et al.
(författare)
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Abdominal Symptoms Are Not Related to Anorectal Function in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 34:3, s. 250-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The pathophysiologic significance of altered intestinal motility and perception in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is unclear, as a consistent association with abdominal symptoms has not been proved. Our aim was to investigate the association between abdominal symptoms and anorectal function in IBS.Methods: Fifty-two patients recorded their symptoms daily for 1 week. At the end of the week anorectal function was investigated by manovolumetry before and after a standardized fatty meal. Cluster anlysis of daily recorded symptoms and both pre- and postprandial manovolumetric data was performed to identify symptom and physiologic subgroups.Results: Symptom subgroups did not differ with regard to anorectal function. Physiologic subgroups did not differ with regard to daily recorded symptoms. Postprandially, the thresholds eliciting maximal tolerable distention were decreased in 22 of the patients. This increase in rectal sensitivity was not related to symptoms and may have been caused by the preprandial anorectal measurement, since thresholds for maximal tolerable distention decreased significantly in nine patients retested without an intervening meal.Conclusions: Abdominal symptoms and anorectal function are not related in IBS.
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| 29. |
- Ragnarsson, Gudmundur, et al.
(författare)
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Division of the Irritable Bowel Syndrome into Subgroups on the Basis of Daily Recorded Symptoms in Two Outpatient Samples
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 34:10, s. 993-1000
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: If subgroups exist in a sample of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), they may represent different etiologic and pathophysiologic entities. Our aim was to identify subgroups on the basis of symptoms in IBS.METHODS: Two independent groups of 56 (sample I) and 52 (sample II) outpatients recorded their abdominal symptoms daily for 6 weeks and 1 week, respectively. The daily records were assessed by using cluster analysis.RESULTS: Similar subgroups appeared in both samples. Three bowel habit subgroups were identified. The first was distinguished by hard stools, varying stool consistency, and highly disturbed stool passage, the second by loose stools and urgency, and the third by normal stools and the least disturbed stool passage. Two pain/bloating subgroups were identified, one distinguished by little and the other by considerable pain and bloating. No relation was found between pain/bloating and bowel habit subgroup membership. Most patients had stool frequency within the normal range regardless of subgroup. In sample I the subgroups had stable symptoms during the study, and subgroup placement was not related to the presence of dyspepsia, smoking habits, or use of bulk agent and/or sporadic intake of loperamide. The degree of pain and bloating was inversely related to illness duration.CONCLUSIONS: Subgroups exist in IBS. Division of IBS into bowel habit subgroups should be based on stool consistency, not frequency. Mechanisms mediating pain and bloating may be different from those mediating symptoms at defecation.
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| 30. |
- Ragnarsson, Gudmundur, et al.
(författare)
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Long term changes in abdominal symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) : A 7-year follow-up study in 37 outpatients
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background The natural course of abdominal symptoms in IBS is sparsely known. Our aim was to study the long-term change in daily symptoms in a sample of outpatients.Methods Sixty-three outpatients kept a record of daily symptoms over a 6-week period. Several years later they were asked to repeat the recordings during one fortnight and to answer questions regarding their health between the studies. The dairy cards were analysed by cluster analysis to identify symptom subgroups. Changes in symptoms were assessed by analysis of variance.Results The median follow-up time was 7 years. Thirty-seven patients participated. One patient claimed to be symptom-free between studies while the others were symptomatic. At the present study 31 patients claimed to suffer abdominal symptoms consistent with IBS while 6 patients were asymptomatic. According to the daily records pain and straining decreased while normal stools increased. Gender and illness duration, use of medication and subgroup placement did not affect these changes and the subgroups were similarly distinguished from each other in both study periods. During baseline the six symptom-free patients all belonged to the pain subgroup characterised by little pain and bloating and four of them to the bowel habit subgroup characterised by normal stools and the least disturbed stool passage.Conclusions The abdominal symptoms remained fairly unchanged. The clinical course and prognosis is possibly predicted according to subgroup.
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| 31. |
- Ragnarsson, Gudmundur, et al.
(författare)
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Pain is temporally related to eating but not to defaecation in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) : Patients' description of diarrhoea, constipation and symptom variation during a prospective 6-week study
- 1998
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Ingår i: European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepathology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0954-691X .- 1473-5687. ; 10:5, s. 415-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study the intensity and variation of pain and its temporal relation to eating and defaecation. Furthermore, what irritable bowel (IBS) patients mean by constipation and diarrhea and how bowel symptoms vary.DESIGN: Prospective daily symptom recording over 6 weeks.SETTING: The primary catchment area of University Hospital of Linköping.PARTICIPANTS: Eighty consecutive patients fulfilling the Rome criteria; 63 finished the study.RESULTS: Fifty-nine of 63 patients recorded an average of 29 pain periods and 24 days with pain during the 6 weeks. Over-all pain burden decreased slightly over the study period. At inclusion 38 (64%) patients claimed that pain was relieved by defaecation. However, on average, only 10% of each patient's recorded pain periods were relieved by defaecation. At inclusion 29 (49%) patients claimed postprandial worsening of pain. On average, 50% of each patient's recorded pain periods worsened postprandially. The patients defined constipation as hard stools and diarrhea as loose stools and urgency. Stool frequency did not differ. Bowel symptoms varied within, but not between, fortnightly periods.CONCLUSIONS: Postprandial worsening of pain should be included as a criterion in the clinical definition of IBS while the criterion 'pain relieved by defaecation' should be re-evaluated. IBS patients can probably be divided into subgroups based on stool consistency, not frequency. Daily records are superior to structured clinical interviews or questionnaires for a detailed study of symptoms in IBS.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Stjernman, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire in Swedish patients with Crohn's disease
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 41:8, s. 934-943
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important measure of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) health outcome. The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) comprising 32 items grouped into four dimensions is a widely used IBD-specific HRQoL instrument. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity, reliability and responsiveness of the Swedish translation of the IBDQ in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four hundred and forty-eight patients with CD completed the IBDQ and three other HRQoL questionnaires (Rating Form of IBD Patient Concerns; Short Form-36; and the Psychological General Well-Being Index) in connection with their regular visit at the outpatient clinic. Disease activity was assessed by the physician on a 4-point Likert scale. Thirty-two patients who were stable in remission completed the questionnaires a second time, 4 weeks later. A total of 418 patients repeated all measurements after 6 months. RESULTS: The dimensional scores were highly correlated with other measures of corresponding aspects of HRQoL and were significantly better in remission than in relapse. High test-retest correlations indicated good reliability. Responsiveness was confirmed in patients whose disease activity changed over time. However, high correlations between the dimensions, poor correlations between items within each dimension, and factor analysis all indicated that the original grouping of the items is not valid for Swedish CD patients. CONCLUSIONS: Although the Swedish IBDQ has good external validity, reliability and responsiveness for patients with CD, our results did not support the original grouping of the items.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Walter, Susanna A., et al.
(författare)
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Pre-experimental stress in patients with irritable bowel syndrome : high cortisol values already before symptom provocation with rectal distensions
- 2006
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Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 18:12, s. 1069-1077
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stress is known to affect symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) probably by an alteration of visceral sensitivity. We studied the impact of maximal tolerable rectal distensions on cortisol levels in patients with IBS, chronic constipation and controls, and evaluated the effect of the experimental situation per se. In twenty-four IBS patients, eight patients with chronic constipation and 15 controls salivary cortisol was measured before and after repetitive maximal tolerable rectal balloon distensions and at similar times in their usual environment. Rectal sensitivity thresholds were determined. IBS patients but not controls and constipation patients had higher cortisol levels both before and after the experiment compared with similar times on an ordinary day in their usual environment (P = 0.0034 and 0.0002). There was no difference in salivary cortisol level before compared with after rectal distensions. The IBS patients had significantly lower thresholds for first sensation, urge and maximal tolerable distension than controls (P = 0.0247, 0.0001 and <0.0001) and for urge and maximal tolerable distension than patients with constipation (P = 0.006 and 0.013). IBS patients may be more sensitive to expectancy stress than controls and patients with constipation according to salivary cortisol. Rectal distensions were not associated with a further significant increase in cortisol levels.
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| 37. |
- Walter, Susanna A., et al.
(författare)
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Sympathetic (electrodermal) activity during repeated maximal rectal distensions in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and constipation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 20:1, s. 43-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with visceral hypersensitivity, stress and autonomic dysfunction. Sympathetic activity during repeated events indicates excitatory or inhibitory mechanisms such as sensitization or habituation. We investigated skin conductance (SC) during repetitive rectal distensions at maximal tolerable pressure in patients with IBS and chronic constipation. Twenty-seven IBS patients, 13 constipation patients and 18 controls underwent two sets of isobaric rectal distensions. First, maximal tolerable distension was determined and then it was repeated five times. Skin conductance was measured continuously. Subjective symptom assessment remained steady in all groups. The baseline values of SC were higher in IBS patients than in patients with constipation and significantly lower in constipation patients than in controls. The maximal SC response to repetitive maximal distensions was higher in IBS patients compared with constipation patients. The amplitude of the initial SC response decreased successively with increased number of distensions in patients with IBS and constipation but not in controls. Irritable bowel syndrome and constipation patients habituated to maximal repetitive rectal distensions with decreasing sympathetic activity. Irritable bowel syndrome patients had higher sympathetic reactivity and baseline activity than constipation patients. A lower basal SC in constipation patients compared with controls suggests an inhibition of the sympathetic drive in constipation patients.
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| 38. |
- Walter, Susanna, 1969-
(författare)
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome : Diagnostic Symptom Criteria and Impact of Rectal Distensions on Cortisol and Electrodermal Activity
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a population prevalence questionnaire study we demonstrated that constipation and fecal incontinence are common problems in the general Swedish population with a similar magnitude as in other Western countries. 95.6% of the population had between three bowel movements per day and three per week. Constipation was mostly defined by “hard stools” and “the need of using laxatives”.Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by abdominal pain/discomfort and abnormal bowel habits. The diagnostic criteria of IBS are based on clinical symptoms. Division of IBS patients into symptom subgroups appears important as their bowel symptoms are characterized by heterogeneity. International criteria to subgroup IBS (Rome II) are based on expert consensus and not on evidence. We investigated the variation of stool consistency and defecatory symptoms in 135 IBS patients by symptom diary cards. Most patients hadalternating stool consistency. When subgroups were based on stool consistency, all kinds of defecatory symptoms (straining, urgency, and feeling of incomplete evacuations) were frequently present in all subgroups. Stool frequency was in the normal range in the majority of patients. We propose that IBS subgroups should be based on stool consistency. We suggest that Rome II supportive criteria must be reconsidered as the determination of presence or absence of specific symptoms does not work as an instrument for categorization of IBS patients into diarrhoea- and constipation-predominant. We also propose that abnormal stool frequency should be excluded to define subgroups of IBS. Alternating stool consistency and presence of different defecatory symptoms, regardless of stool consistency should be included as criteria for IBS.Stress is known to play an important role in the onset and modulation of IBS symptoms. From experimental studies there is evidence for a stress-dependent alteration of visceral sensitivity. The biological mechanisms responsible for the causal link between stress and IBS symptoms are not completely understood, but the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and the autonomous nervous system seem to play a prominent role in the pathophysiology of IBS. We investigated visceral sensitivity and the effect of repeated maximal tolerable rectal distensions on salivary cortisol levels and skin conductance in patients with IBS, chronic constipation and healthy volunteers.We found that the expectancy of the experimental situation per se (provocation of bowel symptoms by rectal distensions) compared to non-experimental days at home measured as salivary cortisol had a high impact on the level of arousal in IBS. IBS patients had higher skin conductance values than controls in the beginning of distension series and lower rectal thresholds for first sensation, urge and discomfort than healthy controls and constipation patients. IBS patients demonstrated habituation to repeated subjective maximal tolerable rectal distensions according to sympathetic activity although patients continued to rate their discomfort as maximal. Constipation patients had lower sympathetic activity than IBS patients before and during repeated rectal distensions. None of the groups demonstrated a significant increase in cortisol after repetitive rectal distensions.We conclude that Rome II supportive criteria for IBS should be reconsidered according to our findings. IBS patients are more sensitive to pre-experimental stress than healthy controls and patients with constipation. This should be considered in the design of experimental IBS studies. IBS patients habituated to subjective maximal tolerable, repetitive rectal distensions with decreasing sympathetic activity. Since responses to repeated stimuli of close-to-pain intensities are resistant to habituation this finding could be caused by psychological influences on perception, that is, perceptual response bias.
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- Walter, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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Subgroups of irritable bowel syndrome : a new approach
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0954-691X .- 1473-5687. ; 16:10, s. 991-994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The newly revised Rome criteria for the definition of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), derived from the consensus of experts in the field, were developed in order to identify subgroups of IBS patients for research. The criteria have, to our knowledge, never been validated. Both when trying to include IBS patients in studies and in clinical practice we found it difficult to apply the Rome 2 supportive criteria. Aim: To study the variation of stool consistency and defecatory symptoms in IBS patients prospectively with diary cards and to validate the Rome 2 supportive criteria. Methods: Sixty IBS patients, included by interview according to the Rome 1 criteria, recorded their bowel symptoms on diary cards over 40 days. Four subgroups were found, characterised by loose-stool-predominant, hard-stool-predominant, alternating stool consistency, and loose stools only. Urgency, straining and feeling of incomplete evacuation occurred in all but seven individuals, irrespective of subgroup. Results: The Rome 2 criteria could subclassify seven patients into diarrhoea-predominant IBS based on stool consistency and absence of straining and could subclassify no patients into constipation-predominant IBS, as urge was present in nearly all patients. Fifty-three patients could not be classified according to the Rome 2 criteria, as they had defecatory symptoms of all kinds. Conclusion: As the Rome 2 supportive criteria use the presence or absence of specific defecatory symptoms as an instrument for categorising IBS patients into diarrhoea- and constipation-predominant subgroups, these criteria could not be used for the majority of IBS patients in this study and should be reconsidered.
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