| 1. |
- Abegunawardana, Sidath, et al.
(författare)
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Audible Frequency Analysis of Ground Flashes
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thunder signatures categorized into three types based on peak pressure and variation in fundamental frequency, have been studied by using acoustic spectrum of thunder. S-transformation has been used to estimate the dominant frequency variation around the peak pressure. The mean fundamental frequencies of type 3 ground and cloud flashes are 160 Hz and 98 Hz respectively. The mean frequencies of type 2 ground and cloud flashes are 108 Hz and 82 Hz respectively.
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| 2. |
- Abegunawardana, Sidath, et al.
(författare)
-
Sound Source Localization of Lightning Discharges
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lightning channel can be retraced by thunder signature recorded with an array of microphones. Four microphones were arranged to capture thunder sound, and acoustic cross-correlation of captured pressure signals estimated the time lag of each pair of microphones. A wave segment with 0.25 s or 0.5 s of duration was compared with the acoustic signal recorded by other microphones to estimate time lapse. The direction of channel propagation has been estimated by the time difference of arrival of each pair of microphones. Thunder source locations estimated by this method can be extended to investigate the channel propagation inside clouds.
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| 3. |
- Bodhika, J. A. P., et al.
(författare)
-
A preliminary study on characteristics of thunder pulses of lightning
- 2014
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Ingår i: 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LIGHTNING PROTECTION (ICLP). - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479935444 ; , s. 260-264
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thunder is the acoustic emission associated with lightning discharges. Thunder signatures have been analyzed by many scientists with the aim of understanding the energy, channel tortuosity and localization of lightning channel. In describing thunder features, a few subjective terms such as clap, roll and rumble have been used in the literature inconsistently with no proper definitions. In this study the features of pressure pulses such as occurrence characteristics and their relative amplitudes were analyzed to understand some of the above mentioned thunder features. Those subjective terms, clap, peal, roll and rumble were quantified along with relative pulse amplitudes and confirmed by listening the recorded thunder signals carefully. The relative peak amplitudes of the pulses of rumble were less than 20% of the peak pulses of the thunder signal and for roll it was between 20% to 40%. Pulses with relative amplitudes greater than 40% were identified as claps. The most significant contribution to the sound in a thunder flash is due to claps, which was studied separately in this study. The number of claps in a thunder flash, their frequency variation, durations, and pulse characteristics has been studied. The frequency of pressure oscillations within these claps are being less than 300 Hz. According to this study, 62% of the flashes consist of 1 to 2 claps. The activity of the thunder signal is high in initial half than the latter half. Thunder signals analyzed in this study is recorded by a microphone system with wide bandwidth range from 6 to 20 kHz.
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| 4. |
- Bodhika, J. A. P., et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of thunder pertinent to tropical lightning
- 2018
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Ingår i: 34th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) (ICLP 2018). - : IEEE. - 9781538666357
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acoustic effects of lightning flashes are not well studied. Thunder also destructive as electric fields do. Thunder flashes of tropical lightning occurred in Hambantota (81(0) 0'E, 6(0) 10'N) close to the southern coast of Sri Lanka were studied. About 90 thunder flashes recorded with the sampling rate of 100 kS/s in 45 s windows were analyzed to identify their characteristics and damaging effects. Results of the analysis on duration of thunder flashes, peak sound pressure levels, occurrence of thunder claps and frequency distribution were presented. The shortest and longest duration of thunder recorded were 2.2 sec and 33.7 sec respectively. About 75% of thunder flashes were remained for about 5-20 sec. The frequency spectrum of a thunder signal could spread up to 1500 Hz. The peak sound pressure level of 30% of recorded thunder flashes at least 3 km away from the lightning were higher than 2 Nm(-2) (100 dB). One to five claps were identified in thunder flashes with 62% having 1 or 2 claps. Sound pressure level, frequency range and its duration are required quantities to estimate the harmful effects of thunder.
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| 5. |
- Bodhika, J. A. P., et al.
(författare)
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Reconstruction of lightning channel geometry by localizing thunder sources
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-6826 .- 1879-1824. ; 102, s. 81-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thunder is generated as a result of a shock wave created by sudden expansion of air in the lightning channel due to high temperature variations. Even though the highest amplitudes of thunder signatures are generated at the return stroke stage, thunder signals generated at other events such as preliminary breakdown pulses also can be of amplitudes which are large enough to record using a sensitive system. In this study, it was attempted to reconstruct the lightning channel geometry of cloud and ground flashes by locating the temporal and spatial variations of thunder sources. Six lightning flashes were reconstructed using the recorded thunder signatures. Possible effects due to atmospheric conditions were neglected. Numerical calculations suggest that the time resolution of the recorded signal and 10 ms(-1)error in speed of sound leads to 2% and 3% errors, respectively, in the calculated coordinates. Reconstructed channel geometries for cloud and ground flashes agreed with the visual observations. Results suggest that the lightning channel can be successfully reconstructed using this technique.
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