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1.
  • Topchiev, N. P., et al. (författare)
  • GAMMA-400 gamma-ray observatory
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of Science. - : Proceedings of Science (PoS).
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope with excellent angular and energy resolutions is designed to search for signatures of dark matter in the fluxes of gamma-ray emission and electrons+ positrons.Precision investigations of gamma-ray emission fromGalactic Center, Crab, Vela, Cygnus, Geminga, and other regions will be performed, as well asdiffuse gamma-rayemission,along with measurements of high-energy electron + positron and nuclei fluxes. Furthermore, it will studygamma-ray bursts and gamma-ray emission from the Sun during periods of solar activity. The energy range of GAMMA-400 is expected to be from ∼20 MeV up to TeV energies for gamma rays, up to 10 TeV for electrons + positrons, and up to 1015eV for cosmic-ray nuclei. For high-energy gamma rays with energy from 10 to 100 GeV, the GAMMA-400 angular resolution improves from 0.1° to ∼0.01° and energy resolution from 3% to ∼1%; the proton rejection factor is ∼5x105. GAMMA-400 will be installed onboardthe Russian space observatory.
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2.
  • Adriani, O., et al. (författare)
  • The gamma-400 space observatory : Status and perspectives
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of Science. - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The present design of the new space observatory GAMMA-400 is presented in this paper. The instrument has been designed for the optimal detection of gamma rays in a broad energy range (from ∼100 MeV up to 3 TeV), with excellent angular and energy resolution. The observatory will also allow precise and high statistic studies of the electron component in the cosmic rays up to the multi TeV region, as well as protons and nuclei spectra up to the knee region. The GAMMA-400 observatory will allow to address a broad range of science topics, like search for signatures of dark matter, studies of Galactic and extragalactic gamma-ray sources, Galactic and extragalactic diffuse emission, gamma-ray bursts and charged cosmic rays acceleration and diffusion mechanism up to the knee. 
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3.
  • Leonov, A. A., et al. (författare)
  • The GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope characteristics. Angular resolution and electrons/protons separation
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of Science. - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The measurements of gamma-ray fluxes and cosmic-ray electrons and positrons in the energy range from 100 MeV to several TeV, which will be realized by the specially designed GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope, concern with the following broad range of scientific topics. Search for signatures of dark matter, surveying the celestial sphere in order to study point and extended sources of gamma-rays, measuring the energy spectra of Galactic and extragalactic diffuse gamma-ray emission, study of gamma-ray bursts and gamma-ray emission from the Sun, as well as high precision measurements of spectra of high-energy electrons and positrons, protons and nuclei up to the knee. To clarify these scientific problems with the new experimental data the GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope possesses unique physical characteristics comparing with previous and present experiments. For gamma-ray energies more than 100 GeV GAMMA-400 provides the energy resolution ~1% and angular resolution better than 0.02 deg. The methods, developed to reconstruct the direction of incident gamma photon, are presented in this paper, as well as, the capability of the GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope to distinguish electrons and positrons from protons in cosmic rays is investigated. The first point concerns with the space topology of high-energy gamma photon interaction in the matter of GAMMA-400. Multiple secondary particles, generated inside gamma-ray telescope, produce significant problems to restore the direction of initial gamma photon. Also back-splash particles, i.e., charged particles and gamma photons generated in calorimeter and moved upward, mask the initial tracks of electron/positron pair from conversion of incident gamma photon. The processed methods allow us to reconstruct the direction of electromagnetic shower axis and extract the electron/positron trace. As a result, the direction of incident gamma photon with the energy of 100 GeV is calculated with an accuracy of better than 0.02 deg. The main components of cosmic rays are protons and helium nuclei, whereas the part of lepton component in the total flux is ~10 -3 for high energies. The separate contribution in proton rejection is studied for each detector system of the GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope. Using combined information from all detector systems allow us to provide the rejection from protons with a factor of ~4 10 5 for vertical incident particles and ~3 10 5 for particle with initial inclination of 30 deg. Science with the New Generation of High Energy Gamma-ray experiments, 10th Workshop (Scineghe2014) 04-06 June 2014 Lisbon - Portugal. 
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4.
  • Topchiev, N. P., et al. (författare)
  • The GAMMA-400 experiment : Status and prospects
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics. - 1062-8738. ; 79:3, s. 417-420
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The development of the GAMMA-400 γ-ray telescope continues. The GAMMA-400 is designed to measure fluxes of γ-rays and the electron-positron cosmic-ray component possibly associated with annihilation or decay of dark matter particles; and to search for and study in detail discrete γ-ray sources, to measure the energy spectra of Galactic and extragalactic diffuse γ-rays, and to study γ-ray bursts and γ-rays from the active Sun. The energy range for measuring γ-rays and electrons (positrons) is from 100 MeV to 3000 GeV. For 100-GeV γ-rays, the γ-ray telescope has an angular resolution of ∼0.01°, an energy resolution of ∼1%, and a proton rejection factor of ∼5 × 105. The GAMMA-400 will be installed onboard the Russian Space Observatory.
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5.
  • Leonov, A. A., et al. (författare)
  • Separation of electrons and protons in the GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 56:7, s. 1538-1545
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The GAMMA-400 telescope will measure the fluxes of gamma rays and cosmic-ray electrons and positrons in the energy range from 100 MeV to several TeV. These measurements will allow it to achieve the following scientific objectives: search for signatures of dark matter, investigation of gamma-ray point-like and extended sources, study of the energy spectrum of the Galactic and extragalactic diffuse emission, study of gamma-ray bursts and gamma-ray emission from the active Sun, together with high-precision measurements of the high-energy electrons and positrons spectra, protons and nuclei up to the knee. The bulk of cosmic rays are protons and helium nuclei, whereas the lepton component in the total flux is similar to 10(-3) at high energy. In the present paper, the simulated capability of the GAMMA-400 telescope to distinguish electrons and positrons from protons in cosmic rays is addressed. The individual contribution to the proton rejection from each detector system of GAMMA-400 is studied separately. The use of the combined information from all detectors allows us to reach a proton rejection of the order of similar to 4 x 10(5) for vertical incident particles and similar to 3 x 10(5) for particles with initial inclination of 30 degrees in the electron energy range from 50 GeV to 1 TeV. (C) 2015 COSPAR.
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6.
  • Munini, R., et al. (författare)
  • Solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays electrons and positrons over the 23rd solar minimum with the pamela experiment
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd International Cosmic Rays Conference, ICRC 2013. - : Sociedade Brasileira de Fisica. - 9788589064293
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The satellite-borne PAMELA experiment has been continuously collecting data since 15th June 2006, when it was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome to detect the charged component of cosmic rays over a wide energy range and with an unprecedented statistics. The apparatus design is particularly suited for particle and antiparticle identification. The satellite quasi-polar orbit, with an inclination of 70 degrees, allows particles to be measure down to 100 MeV/n. This makes the instrument suited for the investigation of phenomena related to galactic cosmic ray solar modulation in the inner heliosphere. Data for oppositely charged particles were collected from 2006 to 2009, during the A< 0 solar minimum of solar cycle 23. The time and rigidity dependence of galactic cosmic ray electron and positron fluxes were measured. These fluxes provide important information for the study of charge dependent solar modulation effects. 
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7.
  • Ricci, M., et al. (författare)
  • Study on 2012 march 7 solar particle event and forbush decrease with the PAMELA experiment
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd International Cosmic Rays Conference, ICRC 2013. - : Sociedade Brasileira de Fisica. - 9788589064293
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The PAMELA (Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astro-physics) space-borne experiment was launched on 15 June 2006 and has been continuously collecting data since then. The apparatus measures electrons, positrons, protons, anti-protons and heavier nuclei from about 100 MeV to several hundreds of GeV. The on-board instrumentation is built around a permanent magnet with a silicon microstrip tracker, providing charge and track detection information. During solar maximum conditions of solar cycle 24, PAMELA has been providing key information about solar energetic particles (SEPs) and their influence at Earth. We discuss here the recent 2012 March 7 SEP event with a brief comment on the subsequent Forbush decrease, registered by PAMELA. This event was also observed by Fermi/LAT exhibiting unprecedented time-extended γ-ray emission (> 100 MeV) lasting nearly 20 hours. We compare the derived accelerated ion population at the Sun with the ion population measured in space by PAMELA and discuss the implications for particle acceleration. 
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8.
  • Carbone, R., et al. (författare)
  • Pamela observation of the 2012 may 17 gle event
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd International Cosmic Rays Conference, ICRC 2013. - : Sociedade Brasileira de Fisica. - 9788589064293
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The PAMELA (Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics) satellite-borne experiment has been collecting data in orbit since July 2006, providing accurate measurements of the energy spectra and composition of the cosmic radiation from a few hundred MeV/n up to hundred GeV/n. This wide interval of measured energies makes PAMELA a unique instrument for Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) observations. Not only does it span the energy range between the ground-based neutron monitor data and the observations of SEPs from space, but also PAMELA carries out the first direct measurements of the composition for the highest energy SEP events, including those causing Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs). PAMELA has registered many SEP events in solar cycle 24 including the 2012 May 17 GLE event (GLE 71), offering unique opportunities to address the question of high-energy SEP origin. Experimental performances and preliminary results on the 2012 May 17 events will be presented. We will discuss the derived particle injection time and compare with other time scales at the Sun including the flare and CME onset times. 
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9.
  • Mayorov, A. G., et al. (författare)
  • Solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays during 2006-2015 based on PAMELA and ARINA data
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: International Conference On Particle Physics And Astrophysics. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP).
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Solar modulation of galactic protons with energies from 50 MeV up to dozens of GeV during July '06 - January '16 studied based on a data of the magnetic spectrometer PAMELA and scintillation spectrometer ARINA. This period is interesting because it covers the end of 23(rd) and current 24(th) cycles of solar activity, including the abnormally long transient period and change of the polarity of solar magnetic field.
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10.
  • Mocchiutti, E., et al. (författare)
  • Cosmic–ray positron energy spectrum measured by PAMELA
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd International Cosmic Rays Conference, ICRC 2013. - : Sociedade Brasileira de Fisica. - 9788589064293
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The PAMELA satellite borne experiment is designed to study cosmic rays with great accuracy in a wide energy range. One of PAMELA’s main goal is the study of the antimatter component of cosmic rays. The experiment, housed on board the Russian satellite Resurs–DK1, was launched on June 15th 2006 and it is still taking data. In this work we present the measurement of galactic positron energy spectrum in the energy range between 500 MeV and few hundred GeV. 
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11.
  • Adriani, O., et al. (författare)
  • Measurement of the flux of primary cosmic ray antiprotons with energies of 60 MeV to 350 GeV in the PAMELA experiment
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: JETP Letters. - 0021-3640 .- 1090-6487. ; 96:10, s. 621-627
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It is interesting to measure the antiproton galactic component in cosmic rays in order to study the mechanisms by which particles and antiparticles are generated and propagate in the Galaxy and to search for new sources of, e.g., annihilation or decay of dark matter hypothetical particles. The antiproton spectrum and the ratio of the fluxes of primary cosmic ray antiprotons to protons with energies of 60 MeV to 350 GeV found from the data obtained from June 2006 to January 2010 in the PAMELA experiment are presented. The usage of the advanced data processing method based on the data classification mathematical model made it possible to increase statistics and analyze the region of higher energies than in the earlier works.
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12.
  • Bazilevskaya, G. A., et al. (författare)
  • Solar proton events at the end of the 23rd and start of the 24th solar cycle recorded in the PAMELA experiment
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics. - 1062-8738. ; 77:5, s. 493-496
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The PAMELA magnetic spectrometer was launched into a near-Earth orbit on board the Resurs-DK1 satellite in June 2006; in December 2006, it recorded the last strong solar high-energy particle event of the 23rd solar cycle. A deficit was thereafter observed in solar energetic particle events because of the lengthy solar activity minimum and the weak evolution of the next (24th) solar cycle. As a result, only a few solar events involving protons with energies of more than 100 MeV were recorded between 2010 and 1012. This work presents the preliminary results from measurements of charged particle fluxes in these events, recorded by the Pamela spectrometer.
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13.
  • Bogomolov, E. A., et al. (författare)
  • Spectra of solar neutrons with energies of ~10–1000 MeV in the PAMELA experiment in the flare events of 2006–2015
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics. - : Allerton Press Incorporation. - 1062-8738. ; 81:2, s. 132-135
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The first results from measuring the spectra of solar neutrons with energies of ~10–1000 MeV in the solar flares of 2006–2015 observed by the PAMELA international space experiment are presented. The PAMELA neutron detector with 3He counters and a moderator with an area of 0.18 m2 allows us to estimate the flux of solar neutrons during solar flares. Solar neutrons with energies of ~10–1000 MeV likely occurred in 21 out of the 24 analyzed flares of 2006–2015.
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14.
  • Casolino, M., et al. (författare)
  • New upper limit on strange quark matter flux with the PAMELA experiment
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd International Cosmic Rays Conference, ICRC 2013. - : Sociedade Brasileira de Fisica. - 9788589064293
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this work we present a new upper limit for anomalous charge / mass (Z/A) particles with PAMELA experiment. These particles would exhibit a low velocity in the Time-of-Flight system and an high rigidity in the tracker. The redundant nature of the PAMELA detectors make it particularly suited to search for these particles in a mass number (10 ≤ A ≤ 105), charge (1≤ Z ≤ 8) and rigidity (0.4 ≤ R ≤ 1200 GV) range complementary to those of ground-based experiments. 
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15.
  • Di Felice, V., et al. (författare)
  • Solar modulation of galactic hydrogen and helium over the 23rd solar minimum with the PAMELA experiment
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd International Cosmic Rays Conference, ICRC 2013. - : Sociedade Brasileira de Fisica. - 9788589064293
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PAMELA has been orbiting the Earth for more than six years, gathering data on solar, galactic and trapped cosmic rays during the time of the last solar minimum. The apparatus comprises a time-of-flight system, a silicon-microstrip magnetic spectrometer, a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, an anticoincidence system, a shower tail catcher scintillator and a neutron detector. The combination of these devices allows charged particle and antiparticle identification over a wide energy range and with an unprecedented precision. The quasi-polar orbit of the instrument, with an inclination of 70 degrees, makes it possible to measure low energy particles starting from about 100 MeV/n. In this work we present the time and rigidity dependence of the galactic proton and helium fluxes over the first 4 years of operation during the A < 0 solar minimum of solar cycle 23. 
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16.
  • Koldobskiy, S. A., et al. (författare)
  • Deuteron spectrum measurements under radiation belt with PAMELA instrument
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Nuclear and Particle Physics Proceedings. - : Elsevier. - 2405-6014. ; 273-275, s. 2345-2347
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this work the results of data analysis of the deuteron albedo radiation obtained in the PAMELA experiment are presented. PAMELA is an international space experiment carried out on board of the satellite Resurs DK-1. The high precision detectors allow to register and identify cosmic ray particles in a wide energy range. The albedo deuteron spectrum in the energy range 70 - 600 MeV/nucleon has been measured.
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17.
  • Koldobskiy, S. A., et al. (författare)
  • Solar modulation of cosmic deuteron fluxes in the PAMELA experiment
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics. - : Allerton Press Incorporation. - 1062-8738. ; 81:2, s. 151-153
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The preliminary results from measurements of deuteron fluxes in galactic cosmic rays (GCR) in the vicinity of the Earth in 2006–2009 are presented. The results are obtained by analyzing data from the PAMELA experiment aboard the Resurs DK-1 satellite. High-precision detection instruments provided an opportunity to identify GCR deuterons and measure their spectrum in the energy interval of 90–650MeV/nucleon. Spectra averaged over six-month intervals from the summer of 2006 to the summer of 2009 (the solar activity minimum) are presented. The influence of solar modulation on the observed spectrum is clearly seen in the results.
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18.
  • Koldobskiy, S. A., et al. (författare)
  • Study of deuteron spectra under radiation belt with PAMELA instrument
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: 24TH EUROPEAN COSMIC RAY SYMPOSIUM (ECRS). - : IOP Publishing.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents the results of measurements of proton and deuteron fluxes of albedo radiation in the Earth vicinity, obtained in the PAMELA experiment. PAMELA is an international experiment meant to study cosmic rays. PAMELA is carried out on board the satellite Resurs-DK1. High-precision equipment of the experiment allows registration and identification of cosmic ray particles of different varieties in a wide energy range. The albedo deuteron spectrum and albedo deuteron-to-proton fluxes ratio in the energy range 70 - 600 MeV/nucleon at altitude of 350 - 600 km for different geomagnetic latitudes is presented.
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19.
  • Malakhov, V. V., et al. (författare)
  • Time variations of proton flux in Earth inner radiation belt during 23/24 solar cycles based on the PAMELA and the ARINA data.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: 24TH EUROPEAN COSMIC RAY SYMPOSIUM (ECRS). - : IOP Publishing.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The PAMELA and the ARINA experiments are carried out on the board of satellite RESURS-DK1 since 2006 up to now. Main goal of the PAMELA instrument is measurements of high energy antiparticles in cosmic rays while the ARINA instrument is intended studying high energy charged particle bursts in the magnetosphere. Both of these experiments have a possibility to study trapped particles in the inner radiation belt. Complex of these two instruments covers proton energy range from 30 MeV up to trapping limit (E= similar to 2 GeV). Continuous measurements with the PAMELA and the ARINA spectrometers include falling and rising phases of 23/24 solar cycles and maximum of 24th one. In this report we present temporal profiles of proton flux in the inner zone of the radiation belt (1.11 < L < 1.18, 0.18 < B < 0.22G). Dependence of proton fluxes on a magnitude of the solar activity was studied for various phases of 23/24 solar cycles. At that it was shown that proton fluxes at the solar minimum are several times greater than at the solar maximum.
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20.
  • Mayorov, A. G., et al. (författare)
  • Antiprotons of galactic cosmic radiation in the PAMELA experiment
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics. - 1062-8738. ; 77:5, s. 602-605
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A method for antiproton selection against a background of electrons, based on a mathematical model of data classification using variations in interparticle interaction in a calorimeter, and a method for excluding events accompanied by scattering in the inner detectors of a tracking system (which result in errors in the measured trajectory's curvature and charge sign) from analysis are discussed in this paper. Antiproton spectra and antiproton/proton flux ratio at energies of 0.06 to 350 GeV with statistics of events surpassing those in [1] are obtained. The results can be used to create models for the generation and distribution of particles in the Galaxy, and for searching and studying the nature of hypothetical dark matter particles.
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21.
  • Merge, M., et al. (författare)
  • Multi-particle analysis of the december 13th 2006 forbush decrease with PAMELA experiment
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd International Cosmic Rays Conference, ICRC 2013. - : Sociedade Brasileira de Fisica. - 9788589064293
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper we present PAMELA multi-particle observation of the Forbush decrease (FD) following the December 13th 2006 solar particle event. The FD is the sudden decrease of the galactic cosmic ray flux due to the transit of a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME). The satellite-borne experiment PAMELA on-board Resurs-DK1 satellite and consist of a magnetic spectrometer with time-of-flight and calorimeter detectors. PAMELA can study in real time with high precision the temporal and energetic evolution of several particle fluence during and after crossing of the magnetic cloud generated by the CME. The effect is stronger than what detected on ground with neutron monitor. With flux reduction can be as high as 30% decreasing at 1.5GV. No difference of the FD has been found for different particles proving that there is no charge sign dependence of FD for this event. 
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22.
  • Mikhailov, V V, et al. (författare)
  • Cosmic ray electron and positron spectrum with the PAMELA experiment
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2019. - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The PAMELA magnetic spectrometer, located on board the Resurs-DK1 satellite on Earth polar orbit with altitude of 350-600 km, measured the fluxes of cosmic ray particles and antiparticles in a wide energy range from 50 MeV to several TeVs. In this paper new results on the "all-electron" (sum electrons and positrons) spectrum are presented. New improved analysis on the full data set from 2006 to 2016 allows a significant increase in statistic compared to previously published results and an extension of energy interval up to 1 TeV. 
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23.
  • Mikhailov, V. V., et al. (författare)
  • Galactic Cosmic Ray Electrons and Positrons over a Decade of Observations in the PAMELA Experiment
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics. - : Pleiades Publishing. - 1062-8738. ; 83:8, s. 974-976
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The PAMELA magnetic spectrometer was launched onboard the Resurs-DK1 satellite into a near-polar Earth orbit with an altitude of 350–600 km, in order to study fluxes of cosmic ray particles and antiparticles in the wide energy range of ~80 MeV to hundreds of GeV. The results from observations of electron and positron fluxes in 2006–2016 are presented.
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24.
  • Mikhailov, V. V., et al. (författare)
  • Modulation of electrons and positrons in 2006–2015 in the PAMELA experiment
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics. - : Allerton Press Incorporation. - 1062-8738. ; 81:2, s. 154-156
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The PAMELA magnetic spectrometer was launched aboard the Resurs DK-1 satellite into a nearpolar circumterrestrial orbit with an altitude of 350–600 km to study fluxes of the particles and antiparticles of cosmic rays in the wide energy range of ~80 MeV to several hundred gigaelectronvolts. The results from observations of temporal variations in electron and positron fluxes in 2006–2015 are presented. The ratio of electron and positron fluxes measured in this time interval reveals a dependence on the rigidity of particles, the solar activity, and the polarity of the solar magnetic field.
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25.
  • Mikhailov, V. V., et al. (författare)
  • Secondary positrons and electrons in near-Earth space in the PAMELA experiment
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics. - : Allerton Press Incorporation. - 1062-8738. ; 81:2, s. 203-205
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fluxes of electrons and positrons with energies above ~100 MeV in the near-Earth space are measured with the PAMELA magnetic spectrometer aboard the Resurs DK-1 satellite launched on June 15, 2006, into a quasipolar orbit with an altitude of 350–600 km and an inclination of 70°. Calculating the trajectories of detected electrons and positrons in the magnetosphere of the Earth allows us to determine their origin and isolate particles produced during interaction between cosmic rays and the residual atmosphere. Spatial distributions of albedo, quasitrapped, and trapped (in the radiation belt) positrons and electrons are presented. The ratio of positron and electron fluxes suggests that the fluxes of trapped particles of the radiation belt and quasitrapped secondary particles have different mechanisms of formation.
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26.
  • Mikhailov, V. V., et al. (författare)
  • Trapped Positrons and Electrons in the Inner Radiation Belt According to Data of the PAMELA Experiment
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Physics of Atomic Nuclei. - : PLEIADES PUBLISHING INC. - 1063-7788 .- 1562-692X. ; 81:4, s. 515-519
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Measurements of secondary-electron and secondary-positron fluxes below the geomagnetic cutoff in near-Earth space were performed by means of the PAMELA magnetic spectrometer installed on board the Resurs-DK1 satellite launched on June 15, 2006, in an elliptical orbit of inclination 70A degrees and altitude 350 to 600 km. This spectrometer permits measuring the fluxes of electrons and positrons over a wide energy range, as well as determining their spatial distributions to a precision of about 2A degrees. A calculation of particle trajectories in the geomagnetic field makes it possible to separate electrons and positrons originating from cosmic-ray interactions in the Earth's magnetosphere. The spatial distributions of quasitrapped, trapped, and short-lived albedo positrons and electrons of energy above 70 MeV in the radiation belt were analyzed. The ratio of the electron-to-positron fluxes and the energy spectra of the electrons and positrons in question are indicative of different productionmechanisms for stably trapped and quasitrapped secondary particles.
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27.
  • Adriani, O., et al. (författare)
  • Time Dependence of the Electron and Positron Components of the Cosmic Radiation Measured by the PAMELA Experiment between July 2006 and December 2015
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 116:24
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cosmic-ray electrons and positrons are a unique probe of the propagation of cosmic rays as well as of the nature and distribution of particle sources in our Galaxy. Recent measurements of these particles are challenging our basic understanding of the mechanisms of production, acceleration, and propagation of cosmic rays. Particularly striking are the differences between the low energy results collected by the space-borne PAMELA and AMS-02 experiments and older measurements pointing to sign-charge dependence of the solar modulation of cosmic-ray spectra. The PAMELA experiment has been measuring the time variation of the positron and electron intensity at Earth from July 2006 to December 2015 covering the period for the minimum of solar cycle 23 (2006-2009) until the middle of the maximum of solar cycle 24, through the polarity reversal of the heliospheric magnetic field which took place between 2013 and 2014. The positron to electron ratio measured in this time period clearly shows a sign-charge dependence of the solar modulation introduced by particle drifts. These results provide the first clear and continuous observation of how drift effects on solar modulation have unfolded with time from solar minimum to solar maximum and their dependence on the particle rigidity and the cyclic polarity of the solar magnetic field.
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28.
  • Formato, V., et al. (författare)
  • Hydrogen and helium isotopes flux in cosmic rays with the PAMELA experiment
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd International Cosmic Rays Conference, ICRC 2013. - : Sociedade Brasileira de Fisica. - 9788589064293
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PAMELA is a satellite borne experiment designed to study with great accuracy cosmic rays of galactic, solar, and trapped nature, with particular focus on the antimatter component. The detector consists of a permanent magnet spectrometer core to provide rigidity and charge sign information, a Time-of-Flight system for velocity and charge information, a Silicon-Tungsten calorimeter and a Neutron detector for lepton/hadron identification. The beta and rigidity information allow to identify isotopes for Z = 1 and Z = 2 particles in the energy range 100 MeV/n to 1 GeV/n. In this work we will present the final PAMELA results on the H and He isotope fluxes measured during the 23rd solar minimum from 2006 to 2007. Such fluxes carry relevant information helpful in constraining parameters in galactic cosmic rays propagation models complementary to those obtained from other secondary to primary measurements such as the boron-to-carbon ratio. 
  •  
29.
  • Karelin, A. V., et al. (författare)
  • North-south asymmetry for high-energy cosmic-ray electrons measured with the PAMELA experiment
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics. - 1063-7761 .- 1090-6509. ; 117:2, s. 268-273
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The north-south asymmetry for cosmic-ray particles was measured with one instrument of the PAMELA satellite-borne experiment in the period June 2006-May 2009. The analysis has been performed by two independent methods: by comparing the count rates in regions with identical geomagnetic conditions and by comparing the experimental distribution of particle directions with the simulated distribution that would be in the case of an isotropic particle flux. The dependences of the asymmetry on energy release in the PAMELA calorimeter and on time have been constructed. The asymmetry (N (n) - N (s) )/(N (n) + N (s) ) is 0.06 +/- 0.004 at the threshold energy release in the calorimeter and gradually decreases with increasing energy release. The observed effect is shown to be produced by electrons in the energy range 10-100 GeV.
  •  
30.
  • Koldobskiy, S. A., et al. (författare)
  • Measurement of galactic cosmic-ray deuteron spectrum in the PAMELA experiment
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics. - : Allerton Press. - 1062-8738. ; 77:5, s. 606-608
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This work presents the results of measuring the deuteron spectrum of Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) with the PAMELA experiment. The PAMELA is an international experiment. Its main objectives are to search for antimatter and measure proton, helium nuclei, electron, and positron spectra over a wide range of energies. In addition, the experimental setup allows the detection of deuterons and the reconstruction of their spectra at low energies. Cosmic ray deuteron spectrum and the deuteron-proton ratio measured in the PAMELA experiment in the energy range of 50-650 MeV/nucleon are presented below.
  •  
31.
  • Koldobskiy, S., et al. (författare)
  • Measuring the albedo deuteron flux in the PAMELA satellite experiment
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics. - 1062-8738. ; 79:3, s. 294-297
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The results of measuring albedo deuteron fluxes in the vicinity of the Earth are presented. The data were obtained in the PAMELA experiment conducted aboard the Resurs DK-1 artificial Earth satellite. High-precision detectors of the instrument setup allow us to identify albedo deuterons and measure their spectra in the energy interval from 70 to 600 MeV/nucleon at altitudes of 350–600 km for different geomagnetic latitudes.
  •  
32.
  • Martucci, M., et al. (författare)
  • Analysis on H spectral shape during the early 2012 SEPs with the PAMELA experiment
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 742, s. 158-161
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The satellite-borne PAMELA experiment has been continuously collecting data since 2006. This apparatus is designed to study charged particles in the cosmic radiation. The combination of a permanent magnet, a silicon strip tracker and a silicon-tungsten imaging calorimeter, and the redundancy of instrumentation allow very precise studies on the physics of cosmic rays in a wide energy range and with high statistics. This makes PAMELA a very suitable instrument for Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) observations. Not only does it span the energy range between the ground-based neutron monitor data and the observations of SEPs from space, but PAMELA also carries out the first direct measurements of the composition for the highest energy SEP events, including those causing Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs). In particular, PAMELA has registered many SEP events during solar cycle 24, offering unique opportunities to address the question of high-energy SEP origin. A preliminary analysis on proton spectra behaviour during this event is presented in this work.
  •  
33.
  • Adriani, O., et al. (författare)
  • Antiprotons in primary cosmic radiation with PAMELA experiment
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd International Cosmic Rays Conference, ICRC 2013. - : Sociedade Brasileira de Fisica. - 9788589064293
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The latest measurements of antiprotons spectrum and antiproton-to-proton ratio in primary cosmic rays with PAMELA experiment are presented. They are in good agreement with model of secondary production of antiprotons in Galaxy, but they do not completely rule other sources at the high-energies. 
  •  
34.
  • Adriani, O., et al. (författare)
  • Cosmic-Ray Positron Energy Spectrum Measured by PAMELA
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 111:8, s. 081102-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Precision measurements of the positron component in the cosmic radiation provide important information about the propagation of cosmic rays and the nature of particle sources in our Galaxy. The satellite-borne experiment PAMELA has been used to make a new measurement of the cosmic-ray positron flux and fraction that extends previously published measurements up to 300 GeV in kinetic energy. The combined measurements of the cosmic-ray positron energy spectrum and fraction provide a unique tool to constrain interpretation models. During the recent solar minimum activity period from July 2006 to December 2009, approximately 24 500 positrons were observed. The results cannot be easily reconciled with purely secondary production, and additional sources of either astrophysical or exotic origin may be required.
  •  
35.
  • Adriani, O., et al. (författare)
  • Measurements of cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra with the PAMELA calorimeter
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 51:2, s. 219-226
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present a new measurement of the cosmic ray proton and helium spectra by the PAMELA experiment performed using the "thin" (in terms of nuclei interactions) sampling electromagnetic calorimeter. The described method, optimized by using Monte Carlo simulation, beam test and experimental data, allows the spectra to be measured up to 10 TeV, thus extending the PAMELA observational range based on the magnetic spectrometer measurement.
  •  
36.
  • Adriani, O., et al. (författare)
  • Measurements of quasi-trapped electron and positron fluxes with PAMELA
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 114, s. A12218-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents precise measurements of the differential energy spectra of quasi-trapped secondary electrons and positrons and their ratio between 80 MeV and 10 GeV in the near-equatorial region (altitudes between 350 km and 600 km). Latitudinal dependences of the spectra are analyzed in detail. The results were obtained from July until November 2006 onboard the Resurs-DK satellite by the PAMELA spectrometer, a general purpose cosmic ray detector system built around a permanent magnet spectrometer and a silicon-tungsten calorimeter.
  •  
37.
  • Adriani, O., et al. (författare)
  • Pamela's measurements of magnetospheric effects on high-energy solar particles
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2041-8205 .- 2041-8213. ; 801:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The nature of particle acceleration at the Sun, whether through flare reconnection processes or through shocks driven by coronal mass ejections, is still under scrutiny despite decades of research. The measured properties of solar energetic particles (SEPs) have long been modeled in different particle-acceleration scenarios. The challenge has been to disentangle the effects of transport from those of acceleration. The Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) instrument enables unique observations of SEPs including the composition and angular distribution of the particles about the magnetic field, i.e., pitch angle distribution, over a broad energy range (>80 MeV)-bridging a critical gap between space-based and ground-based measurements. We present high-energy SEP data from PAMELA acquired during the 2012 May 17 SEP event. These data exhibit differential anisotropies and thus transport features over the instrument rigidity range. SEP protons exhibit two distinct pitch angle distributions: a low-energy population that extends to 90 degrees and a population that is beamed at high energies (>1 GeV), consistent with neutron monitor measurements. To explain a low-energy SEP population that exhibits significant scattering or redistribution accompanied by a high-energy population that reaches the Earth relatively unaffected by dispersive transport effects, we postulate that the scattering or redistribution takes place locally. We believe that these are the first comprehensive measurements of the effects of solar energetic particle transport in the Earth's magnetosheath.
  •  
38.
  • Adriani, O., et al. (författare)
  • Time Dependence Of The Proton Flux Measured By Pamela During The 2006 July-2009 December Solar Minimum
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : IOP Publishing. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 765:2, s. 91-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The energy spectra of galactic cosmic rays carry fundamental information regarding their origin and propagation. These spectra, when measured near Earth, are significantly affected by the solar magnetic field. A comprehensive description of the cosmic radiation must therefore include the transport and modulation of cosmic rays inside the heliosphere. During the end of the last decade, the Sun underwent a peculiarly long quiet phase well suited to study modulation processes. In this paper we present proton spectra measured from 2006 July to 2009 December by PAMELA. The large collected statistics of protons allowed the time variation to be followed on a nearly monthly basis down to 400 MV. Data are compared with a state-of-the-art three-dimensional model of solar modulation.
  •  
39.
  • Bruno, A., et al. (författare)
  • Geomagnetically trapped, albedo and solar energetic particles : Trajectory analysis and flux reconstruction with PAMELA
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 60:4, s. 788-795
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The PAMELA satellite experiment is providing comprehensive observations of the interplanetary and magnetospheric radiation in the near-Earth environment. Thanks to its identification capabilities and the semi-polar orbit, PAMELA is able to precisely measure the energetic spectra and the angular distributions of the different cosmic-ray populations over a wide latitude region, including geomagnetically trapped and albedo particles. Its observations comprise the solar energetic particle events between solar cycles 23 and 24, and the geomagnetic cutoff variations during magnetospheric storms. PAMELA's measurements are supported by an accurate analysis of particle trajectories in the Earth's magnetosphere based on a realistic geomagnetic field modeling, which allows the classification of particle populations of different origin and the investigation of the asymptotic directions of arrival.
  •  
40.
  • Bruno, A., et al. (författare)
  • Solar energetic particle events : Trajectory analysis and flux reconstruction with PAMELA
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of Science. - : Proceedings of science.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The PAMELA satellite experiment is providing first direct measurements of Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) with energies from about 80 MeV to several GeV in near-Earth space, bridging the low energy data by other space-based instruments and the Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) data by the worldwide network of neutron monitors. Its unique observational capabilities include the possibility of measuring the flux angular distribution and thus investigating possible anisotropies. This work reports the analysis methods developed to estimate the SEP energy spectra as a function of the particle pitch-angle with respect to the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) direction. The crucial ingredient is provided by an accurate simulation of the asymptotic exposition of the PAMELA apparatus, based on a realistic reconstruction of particle trajectories in the Earth's magnetosphere. As case study, the results for the May 17, 2012 event are presented.
  •  
41.
  • Formato, V., et al. (författare)
  • Galactic boron and carbon fluxes measured by the PAMELA experiment
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd International Cosmic Rays Conference, ICRC 2013. - : Sociedade Brasileira de Fisica. - 9788589064293
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The PAMELA experiment is a satellite-borne apparatus that performs measurements of the cosmic radiation with a particular focus on antiparticles and light nuclei. The heart of experiment is a magnetic spectrometer to measure the particle rigidity and sign of charge. A Time-of-Flight system, a Silicon-Tungsten calorimeter, and a neutron detector allow particle identification and lepton/hadron discrimination. The apparatus is surrounded by a set of anticoincidence scintillation counters to reject multi-particle events. In this work we will present the Boron and Carbon fluxes measured by PAMELA from July 2006 to March 2008. Such data, and in particular the B/C flux ratio, can help the modelling of the galactic cosmic rays propagation. This can be a crucial point in predicting the astrophysical background of antimatter (positrons and antiprotons) in cosmic rays in the search for a dark matter signal. 
  •  
42.
  •  
43.
  • Karelin, A. V., et al. (författare)
  • Measurement of electron-positron spectrum in high-energy cosmic rays in the PAMELA experiment
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: 24TH EUROPEAN COSMIC RAY SYMPOSIUM (ECRS). - : IOP Publishing.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • At present the existing data on the cosmic ray electron energy spectra in the high energy range are fragmented, and the situation is exacerbated by their small number. In the satellite PAMELA experiment measurements at high energies are carried out by the calorimeter. The experimental data accumulated for more than 8 years of measurements, with the information of the calorimeter, the neutron detector and the scintillation counters made it possible to obtain the total spectrum of high-energy electrons and positrons in energy range 0.3-3 TeV.
  •  
44.
  • Karelin, A. V., et al. (författare)
  • Measurement of the large-scale anisotropy of cosmic rays in the PAMELA experiment
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: JETP Letters. - 0021-3640 .- 1090-6487. ; 101:5, s. 295-298
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Large-scale anisotropy or so-called sidereal-diurnal wave has been detected in the PAMELA satellite experiment in the time interval of 2006–2014. The magnitude of anisotropy has been measured simultaneously for the Southern and Northern Hemispheres in the equatorial coordinate system. The results confirm the data of ground-based experiments.
  •  
45.
  • Karelin, A. V., et al. (författare)
  • Measuring the spectra of high-energy cosmic-ray particles in the PAMELA experiment
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics. - 1062-8738. ; 79:3, s. 289-293
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The available data on the energy spectra of electrons, protons, and helium nuclei in the high-energy region are fragmentary, a situation made worse by their scarcity. Due to limitations imposed on the use of the magnetic spectrometer in the PAMELA satellite experiment, the calorimeter must be used for measurements performed in the high-energy region. The processing of experimental data accumulated in more than eight years of measurements with the calorimeter, neutron detector, and scintillation counters allows the spectra of high-energy particles to be obtained, greatly expanding our understanding of the nature of primary cosmic rays.
  •  
46.
  • Karelin, A. V., et al. (författare)
  • New measurements of the energy spectra of high-energy cosmic-ray protons and helium nuclei with the calorimeter in the PAMELA experiment
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics. - 1063-7761 .- 1090-6509. ; 119:3, s. 448-452
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • New measurements of the energy spectra of cosmic-ray protons and helium nuclei with significantly increased statistics owing to an improvement of the event selection technique and the involvement of all data over the period 2006-2013 in the analysis have been made at energies above 0.8 TeV/nucleon with a position-sensitive calorimeter based on data from the PAMELA satellite-borne experiment.
  •  
47.
  • Koldobskiy, S. A., et al. (författare)
  • Galactic deuteron spectrum measured in PAMELA experiment
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: 23Rd European Cosmic Ray Symposium (And 32Nd Russian Cosmic Ray Conference). - : IOP Publishing.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Results of galactic deuteron spectrum measurement by means of PAMELA apparatus are described. PAMELA is an international experiment developed for antimatter search and measurement of p, He, electron and positron spectra in wide energy range. In addition, PAMELA allows to identify and measure deuteron spectrum at low energies. In this paper deuteron-to-proton ratio and deuteron spectrum are presented.
  •  
48.
  • Koldobskiy, S. A., et al. (författare)
  • Measurement of trapped and quasitrapped deuteron populations in PAMELA experiment
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of Science. - : Proceedings of Science (PoS).
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The results of measurements of trapped and albedo cosmic ray deuteron fluxes obtained in the PAMELA experiment are presented in this work. The PAMELA is an international experiment aimed for measurements of cosmic ray particle fluxes in wide energy range. In particular, analysis of PAMELA data gives possibility to identify deuterons and to reconstruct deuteron spectra of different origin (galactic cosmic ray, re-entrant albedo and radiation belt particles). The first results of trajcectory reconstruction for trapped and albedo deuterons are presented in this work. This investigation was done by solving equations of particle motion in Earth's magnetic field by means of numerical integration methods.
  •  
49.
  • Martucci, M., et al. (författare)
  • Magnetospheric effects on high-energy solar particles during the 2012 May 17th event measured with the PAMELA experiment
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of Science. - : Proceedings of Science (PoS).
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The great challenge in constraining scenarios for solar energetic particle (SEP) acceleration is due to the fact that the signatures of acceleration itself are heavily modified by transport within interplanetary space. During transport, SEPs are subject to pitch angle scattering by the turbulent magnetic field, adiabatic focusing, or reflecting magnetic structures. Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs) provide an ideal way to study acceleration with minimal transport. In this work, we present a unique high-energy SEP observation from PAMELA of the 2012 May 17 GLE and interpret the observed pitch angle distributions as a result of local scattering (1 AU) by the Earth's magnetosheath.
  •  
50.
  • Menn, W., et al. (författare)
  • Lithium and beryllium isotopes in the pamela-experiment
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of Science. - : Proceedings of Science (PoS).
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • On the 15th of June 2006, the PAMELA satellite-borne experiment was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome and it has been collecting data since July 2006. The apparatus comprises a time-of-flight system, a silicon-microstrip magnetic spectrometer, a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, an anti-coincidence system, a shower tail counter scintillator and a neutron detector. The scientific objectives addressed by the mission are the measurement of the antiprotons and positrons spectra in cosmic rays, the hunt for antinuclei as well as the determination of light nuclei fluxes from hydrogen to oxygen in a wide energy range and with very high statistics. In this paper the identification capability for lithium and beryllium isotopes for two different techniques are presented, combining the rigidity measurement from the magnetic spectrometer with the velocity information derived either with the time-of-flight or with multiple dE/dx measurements in the calorimeter. Preliminary results of the isotopic ratios will be presented.
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