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- Ahlström, A., et al.
(författare)
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No major differences in perinatal and maternal outcomes between uninterrupted embryo culture in time-lapse system and conventional embryo culture
- 2023
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Ingår i: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press. - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 38:12, s. 2400-2411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY QUESTION: Is embryo culture in a closed time-lapse system associated with any differences in perinatal and maternal outcomes in comparison to conventional culture and spontaneous conception?SUMMARY ANSWER: There were no significant differences between time-lapse and conventional embryo culture in preterm birth (PTB, <37 weeks), low birth weight (LBW, >2500 g) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy for singleton deliveries, the primary outcomes of this study.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Evidence from prospective trials evaluating the safety of time-lapse incubation for clinical use show similar embryo development rates, implantation rates, and ongoing pregnancy and live birth rates when compared to conventional incubation. Few studies have investigated if uninterrupted culture can alter risks of adverse perinatal outcomes presently associated with IVF when compared to conventional culture and spontaneous conceptions.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: This study is a Swedish population-based retrospective registry study, including 7379 singleton deliveries after fresh embryo transfer between 2013 and 2018 from selected IVF clinics. Perinatal outcomes of singletons born from time-lapse-cultured embryos were compared to singletons from embryos cultured in conventional incubators and 71 300 singletons from spontaneous conceptions. Main perinatal outcomes included PTB and LBW. Main maternal outcomes included hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pregnancy hypertension and preeclampsia).PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: From nine IVF clinics, 2683 singletons born after fresh embryo transfer in a time-lapse system were compared to 4696 singletons born after culture in a conventional incubator and 71 300 singletons born after spontaneous conception matched for year of birth, parity, and maternal age. Patient and treatment characteristics from IVF deliveries were cross-linked with the Swedish Medical Birth Register, Register of Birth Defects, National Patient Register and Statistics Sweden. Children born after sperm and oocyte donation cycles and after Preimplantation Genetic testing cycles were excluded. Odds ratio (OR) and adjusted OR were calculated, adjusting for relevant confounders.MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: In the adjusted analyses, no significant differences were found for risk of PTB (adjusted OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.87-1.41) and LBW (adjusted OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.66-1.14) or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; preeclampsia and hypertension (adjusted OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.67-1.45 and adjusted OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.62-1.53, respectively) between time-lapse and conventional incubation systems. A significantly increased risk of PTB (adjusted OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08-1.60) and LBW (adjusted OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.08-1.72) was found for singletons born after time-lapse incubation compared to singletons born after spontaneous conceptions. In addition, a lower risk for pregnancy hypertension (adjusted OR 0.72 95% CI 0.53-0.99) but no significant difference for preeclampsia (adjusted OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.68-1.12) was found compared to spontaneous conceptions. Subgroup analyses showed that some risks were related to the day of embryo transfer, with more adverse outcomes after blastocyst transfer in comparison to cleavage stage transfer.LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: This study is retrospective in design and different clinical strategies may have been used to select specific patient groups for time-lapse versus conventional incubation. The number of patients is limited and larger datasets are required to obtain more precise estimates and adjust for possible effect of additional embryo culture variables.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Embryo culture in time-lapse systems is not associated with major differences in perinatal and maternal outcomes, compared to conventional embryo culture, suggesting that this technology is an acceptable alternative for embryo incubation.
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- Brocki, Karin C., et al.
(författare)
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Working memory in school-aged children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder combined type : Are deficits modality specific and are they independent of impaired inhibitory control?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1380-3395 .- 1744-411X. ; 30:7, s. 749-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines differences between children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder combined type (ADHD-C) and normal controls on verbal and visuospatial working-memory (WM) tasks. The extent to which WM deficits in children with ADHD-C are independent of impaired inhibitory control was also examined. Two groups of 7- to 12-year-old boys participated in this study. The first group included 31 boys diagnosed with ADHD-C, and the second group included 34 boys without ADHD. Various verbal and visuospatial WM tasks and two inhibitory control tasksprepotent response inhibition and interference controlwere used. Overall, our results suggest impaired verbal and visuospatial WM processes in children with ADHD-C, as well as a lower level of performance on prepotent response inhibition. WM deficits in ADHD have previously been suggested to be particularly salient in the spatial domain, our results instead showed the largest effect for a verbal WM task thought to put heavy load on the executive or attentional control component of the WM system. An interpretation of this finding is that it is variation in terms of difficulty level or load on the executive WM processes, rather than variation in modality (verbal versus visuospatial), that is important in demonstrating WM deficits in ADHD-C. Finally, findings from logistic regression analyses showed that deficits in WM and inhibitory control seem to be semi-independent in children with ADHD-C, at least with regard to the elementary school age.
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- Gustafsson, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Low levels of anti-secretory factor in placenta are associated with preterm birth and inflammation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 97:3, s. 349-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionAnti-secretory factor is a protein that regulates secretory and inflammatory processes and preterm birth is associated with inflammation. Therefore, our hypothesis was that anti-secretory factor might play a role in immune reactivity and homeostasis during pregnancy. Material and methodsFollowing spontaneous onset of labor and preterm or term delivery, placenta biopsies were collected. The levels of anti-secretory factor and markers of inflammation (CD68, CD163) and vascularization (CD34, smooth muscle actin) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. ResultsThe 61 placental biopsies included 31 preterm (<37 weeks of gestation) and 30 term (37-41 weeks) samples. The preterm placentas exhibited lower levels of anti-secretory factor (p = 0.008) and larger numbers of CD68-positive cells (p < 0.001) compared to term. Preterm placentas had blood vessel of smaller diameter (p = 0.036) indicative of immaturity. The level of interleukin-6 in cord blood was higher after very preterm than term birth, suggesting a fetal inflammatory response. The placenta level of anti-secretory factor was positively correlated to the length of gestation (p = 0.025) and negatively correlated to the levels of the inflammatory markers CD68 (p = 0.015) and CD163 (p = 0.028). ConclusionsPreterm delivery is associated with low levels of anti-secretory factor in placenta. Inflammation, a potential trigger of preterm birth, is more pronounced in the preterm placenta and inversely related to the placental level of anti-secretory factor, suggesting both a link and a potential target for intervention.
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- Bengtsgard, K, et al.
(författare)
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Social inhibition and overfriendliness: Two-year follow-up and observational validation
- 2001
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY. - : LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC. - 0047-228X. ; 30:3, s. 364-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studied socioemotional functioning in 3 groups (n = 15) of high-inhibited, low-inhibited-overfriendly, and low-inhibited-low-overfriendly children at age 9, who were identified by parental ratings in a sample (N = 392) at age 7. Ratings of social inhibiti
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- Blennow, M, et al.
(författare)
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Surfactant and noninvasive ventilation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Neonatology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1661-7819 .- 1661-7800. ; 107:4, s. 330-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is mounting evidence that early continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) from birth is feasible and safe even in very preterm infants. However, many infants will develop respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and require surfactant treatment. Combining a noninvasive ventilation approach with a strategy for surfactant administration is important to ensure optimal outcome, but questions remain about the optimal timing, mode of delivery and value of predictive tests for surfactant deficiency. Key findings in this review include the following: (1) a noninvasive ventilation strategy with CPAP from birth has a similar outcome to routine intubation in the delivery room; (2) prophylactic surfactant treatment has no advantage over early CPAP with selective surfactant administration; (3) surfactant during CPAP can be safely administered by rapid intubation-extubation (the INSURE method or via tracheal placement of a thin catheter), and (4) predictive tests for surfactant deficiency are being developed and might in future aid in directing surfactant treatment to infants at risk of developing severe RDS. A strategy for surfactant administration should be part of a noninvasive ventilation approach for preterm infants at risk of developing significant RDS. The different methods for surfactant administration during CPAP are reviewed here.
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- Bohlin, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidation of the erythro and threo forms of the phenolic lignin model compound 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,3-propanediol by laccases and model oxidants
- 2009
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Ingår i: Bioorganic chemistry (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0045-2068 .- 1090-2120. ; 37:5, s. 143-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mixtures of equal amounts of the erythro and threo forms of the phenolic arylglycerol β-aryl ether 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,3-propanediol were oxidized (i) with laccases from Trametes versicolor, Agaricus bisporus, Myceliophthora thermophila and Rhus vernicifera, (ii) with laccase-mediator systems consisting of T. versicolor laccase and ABTS or HBT, and (iii) with various model oxidants including cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN), lignin peroxidase, Fenton’s reagent, and lead(IV) tetraacetate (LTA). All the laccases exhibited a similar preferential degradation of the threo form. The mediator ABTS counteracted the threo preference of laccase, but the mediator HBT did not affect it. The outer-sphere model oxidants CAN and lignin peroxidase showed a preferential degradation of the threo form. LTA and Fenton’s reagent did not exhibit any stereo-preference. The results suggest that laccases of different origin, primary structure, and redox potential behave as typical outer-sphere oxidants in their interaction with the diastereomers of the arylglycerol β-aryl ether
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- Bohlin, K, et al.
(författare)
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Continuous positive airway pressure and surfactant
- 2008
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Ingår i: Neonatology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1661-7819 .- 1661-7800. ; 93:4, s. 309-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is an effective treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. Due to long-standing experience of early nCPAP as the primary respiratory support option in preterm infants, this approach is sometimes labeled ‘the Scandinavian Model’. Mechanical ventilation is potentially harmful to the immature lungs and cohort studies have demonstrated that centers using more CPAP and less mechanical ventilation have reduced rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. However, there is a lack of evidence in the form of larger, randomized controlled trials to prove the superiority of either method. Surfactant is essential in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome and has generally been reserved for infants on mechanical ventilation. With the development of INSURE (INtubation SURfactant Extubation), in which surfactant is administered during a brief intubation followed by immediate extubation, surfactant therapy can be given during nCPAP treatment further reducing need for mechanical ventilation. In this review the history, current knowledge and techniques of CPAP and surfactant are discussed.
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- Bohlin, K
(författare)
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RDS--CPAP or surfactant or both
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 101:464, s. 24-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Bohlin, Pernilla, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Observations on persistent organic pollutants in indoor and outdoor air using passive polyurethane foam samplers
- 2008
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 42:31, s. 7234-7241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Air quality data of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) indoors and outdoors are sparse or lacking in several parts of the world, often hampered by the cost and inconvenience of active sampling techniques. Cheap and easy passive air sampling techniques are therefore helpful for reconnaissance surveys. As a part of the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) project in Mexico City Metropolitan Area in 2006, a range of POPs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)) were analyzed in polyurethane foam (PUF) disks used as passive samplers in indoor and outdoor air. Results were compared to those from samplers deployed simultaneously in Gothenburg (Sweden) and Lancaster (United Kingdom). Using sampling rates suggested in the literature, the sums of 13 PAHs in the different sites were estimated to be 6.1–180 ng m−3, with phenanthrene as the predominant compound. Indoor PAH levels tended to be higher in Gothenburg and outdoor levels higher in Mexico City. The sum of PCBs ranged 59–2100 ng m−3, and seemed to be highest indoors in Gothenburg and Lancaster. PBDE levels (sum of seven) ranged 0.68–620 ng m−3, with the highest levels found in some indoor locations. OCPs (i.e. DDTs, HCHs, and chlordanes) were widely dispersed both outdoors and indoors at all three studied areas. In Gothenburg all POPs tended to be higher indoors than outdoors, while indoor and outdoor levels in Mexico City were similar. This could be due to the influence of indoor and outdoor sources, air exchange rates, and lifestyle factors. The study demonstrates how passive samplers can provide quick and cheap reconnaissance data simultaneously at many locations which can shed light on sources and other factors influencing POP levels in air, especially for the gaseous fractions.
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