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| 11. |
- El-Seedi, Hesham R., et al.
(författare)
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Recent insights into the biosynthesis and biological activities of natural xanthones
- 2010
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Ingår i: Current Medicinal Chemistry. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 0929-8673 .- 1875-533X. ; 17:9, s. 854-901
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the complex biosynthetic pathways and diverse biological activities of naturally occurring xanthones. The biosynthesis section covers studies published from 1989 to 2008 on xanthone production in plants and fungi, while the bioactivity review presents tabulated activities of more than 250 xanthones described in studies published from 2001 to 2008, together with structural information and indications of their wide-ranging potential uses as pharmacological tools. A large number of relevant papers have been published on these subjects (128 cited here), illustrating the diversity of the xanthones and their possible uses.
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| 16. |
- Kuschmierz, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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European first-year university students accept evolution but lack substantial knowledge about it : A standardized European cross-country assessment
- 2021
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Ingår i: Evolution. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1936-6426 .- 1936-6434. ; 14:1, s. 1-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Investigations of evolution knowledge and acceptance and their relation are central to evolution education research. Ambiguous results in this field of study demonstrate a variety of measuring issues, for instance differently theorized constructs, or a lack of standardized methods, especially for cross-country comparisons. In particular, meaningful comparisons across European countries, with their varying cultural backgrounds and education systems, are rare, often include only few countries, and lack standardization. To address these deficits, we conducted a standardized European survey, on 9200 first-year university students in 26 European countries utilizing a validated, comprehensive questionnaire, the “Evolution Education Questionnaire”, to assess evolution acceptance and knowledge, as well as influencing factors on evolution acceptance. Results: We found that, despite European countries’ different cultural backgrounds and education systems, European first-year university students generally accept evolution. At the same time, they lack substantial knowledge about it, even if they are enrolled in a biology-related study program. Additionally, we developed a multilevel-model that determines religious faith as the main influencing factor in accepting evolution. According to our model, knowledge about evolution and interest in biological topics also increase acceptance of evolution, but to a much lesser extent than religious faith. The effect of age and sex, as well as the country’s affiliation, students’ denomination, and whether or not a student is enrolled in a biology-related university program, is negligible. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that, despite all their differences, most of the European education systems for upper secondary education lead to acceptance of evolution at least in university students. It appears that, at least in this sample, the differences in knowledge between countries reflect neither the extent to which school curricula cover evolutionary biology nor the percentage of biology-related students in the country samples. Future studies should investigate the role of different European school curricula, identify particularly problematic or underrepresented evolutionary concepts in biology education, and analyze the role of religious faith when teaching evolution.
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| 17. |
- Lee, Yunsung, et al.
(författare)
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Blood-based epigenetic estimators of chronological age in human adults using DNA methylation data from the Illumina MethylationEPIC array
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Epigenetic clocks have been recognized for their precise prediction of chronological age, age-related diseases, and all-cause mortality. Existing epigenetic clocks are based on CpGs from the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (450 K) which has now been replaced by the latest platform, Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip (EPIC). Thus, it remains unclear to what extent EPIC contributes to increased precision and accuracy in the prediction of chronological age. Results: We developed three blood-based epigenetic clocks for human adults using EPIC-based DNA methylation (DNAm) data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public repository: 1) an Adult Blood-based EPIC Clock (ABEC) trained on DNAm data from MoBa (n = 1592, age-span: 19 to 59 years), 2) an extended ABEC (eABEC) trained on DNAm data from MoBa and GEO (n = 2227, age-span: 18 to 88 years), and 3) a common ABEC (cABEC) trained on the same training set as eABEC but restricted to CpGs common to 450 K and EPIC. Our clocks showed high precision (Pearson correlation between chronological and epigenetic age (r) > 0.94) in independent cohorts, including GSE111165 (n = 15), GSE115278 (n = 108), GSE132203 (n = 795), and the Epigenetics in Pregnancy (EPIPREG) study of the STORK Groruddalen Cohort (n = 470). This high precision is unlikely due to the use of EPIC, but rather due to the large sample size of the training set. Conclusions: Our ABECs predicted adults’ chronological age precisely in independent cohorts. As EPIC is now the dominant platform for measuring DNAm, these clocks will be useful in further predictions of chronological age, age-related diseases, and mortality.
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| 20. |
- Sjögren, M., et al.
(författare)
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Antifouling activity of brominated cyclopeptides from the marine sponge Geodia barretti
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Natural Products. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0163-3864 .- 1520-6025. ; 67:3, s. 368-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we show the potent antifouling effects of two compounds, barettin (cyclo[(6-bromo-8-entryptophan)arginine]) (1), isolated as a Z/E mixture (87/13), and 8,9-dihydrobarettin (cyclo[(6-bromotryptophan)arginine]) (2), isolated from the marine sponge Geodia barretti. The compounds were isolated guided by their ability to inhibit the settlement of cyprid larvae of the barnacle Balanus improvisus, and their structures were determined by means of mass spectrometry, NMR, and quantitative amino acid analysis. The activities of these brominated diketopiperazine-like cyclic dipeptides are in the range of antifouling agents in use today, as shown by their EC50 values of 0.9 and 7.9 muM, respectively. However, contrary to today's antifouling agents, the effects of barettin and 8,9-dihydrobarettin are nontoxic and reversible. A small set of synthetic analogues, including L-arginine, L-tryptophan, 5-bromo-D,L-tryptophan, 6-bromo-D,L-tryptophan, and 6-fluoro-D,L-tryptophan, were tested for possible structure-activity relationships. None of these compounds showed any effect at a concentration of 10 muM. We hypothesize that the isolated compounds are part of the sponge's chemical defense to deter fouling organisms. This theory is supported by the fact that barettin is found in water exposed to living specimens of G. barretti in concentrations that completely inhibit barnacles from settling.
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| 25. |
- Ahmed, A. Ahmed, et al.
(författare)
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Eudesmane derivatives from Laggera crispata and Pluchea carolonesis
- 1998
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Ingår i: Phytochemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0031-9422 .- 1873-3700. ; 49:8, s. 2421-2424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigation of the aerial parts of Laggera crispata and Pluchea carolonesis afforded in addition to several known compounds, three new eudesmane derivatives, 3β,4α-dihydroxy-7-epi-eudesm-11(13)-ene, 3α-(2′,3′-dihydroxy-2′-methylbutanoyl)-4,11-dihydroxy-6,7-dehydroeudesman-8-one and 3α-(3′-chloro-2′-hydroxy-2′-methylbutanoyl)cuauhtemone. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Björkenstam, Staffan C, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancing digital human motion planning of assembly tasks through dynamics and optimal control
- 2016
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 44, s. 20-25
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Better operator ergonomics in assembly plants reduce work related injuries, improve quality, productivity and reduce cost. In this paper we investigate the importance of modeling dynamics when planning for manual assembly operations. We propose modeling the dynamical human motion planning problem using the Discrete Mechanics and Optimal Control (DMOC) method, which makes it possible to optimize with respect to very general objectives. First, two industrial cases are simulated using a quasi-static inverse kinematics solver, demonstrating problems where this approach is sufficient. Then, the DMOC-method is used to solve for optimal trajectories of a lifting operation with dynamics. The resulting trajectories are compared to a steady state solution along the same path, indicating the importance of using dynamics.
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| 30. |
- Bohlin, Markus, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of Railway Freight Shunting
- 2018
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Ingår i: Handbook of Optimization in the Railway Industry. - Cham : Springer-Verlag New York. ; , s. 181-212
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Railway freight shunting is the process of forming departing trains from arriving freight trains. The process is continuously performed at rail yards. The shunting procedure is complex and rail yards constitute bottlenecks in the rail freight network, often causing delays to individual shipments. One of the problems is that planning for the allocation of tracks at rail yards is difficult, given that the planner has limited resources (tracks, shunting engines, etc.) and needs to foresee the consequences of committed actions for the current inbound trains. The required schedules highly depend on the particular infrastructure of the rail yard, on the configuration of inbound and outbound trains, and on the business objectives. Thus, new optimization tools as active decision support for the dispatchers are closely tailored to the actual processes. Due to its practical relevance, a broad range of variants has been discussed and solved by the scientific community in recent years. For selected relevant variants, we describe their fruitful relation to scientific research topics such as graph coloring, sequence partitioning, and scheduling, we discuss their computational complexity and approximability, and we outline efficient optimization procedures. In particular, we consider a set of models and algorithms which are applicable in practice, and discuss their application to the shunting yards in Ludwigshafen, Germany and in Hallsberg, Sweden. We also discuss similarities and differences between the different approaches and outline the need for future research.
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| 31. |
- Bohlin, P., et al.
(författare)
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Outdoor passive air monitoring of semi volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) : a critical evaluation of performance and limitations of polyurethane foam (PUF) disks
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environmental Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; 16:3, s. 433-444
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most commonly used passive air sampler (PAS) (i.e. polyurethane foam (PUF) disk) is cheap, versatile, and capable of accumulating compounds present both in gas and particle phases. Its performance for particle associated compounds is however disputable. In this study, twelve sets of triplicate PUF-PAS were deployed outdoors for exposure periods of 1-12 weeks together with continuously operated active samplers, to characterize sampling efficiency and derive sampling rates (R-S) for compounds belonging to 7 SVOC classes (including particle associated compounds). PUF-PAS efficiently and consistently sampled polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and eight novel brominated flame retardant (nBFR) compounds. Low accuracy and lack of sensitivity was observed for most polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans PCDD/Fs and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (under the conditions of this study), with the exception of some congeners which may be used as qualitative markers for their respective classes. Application of compound specific R-S was found crucial for all compounds except PCBs. Sampling efficiency of the particle associated compounds was often low.
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| 32. |
- Bohlin, R., et al.
(författare)
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Automatic creation of virtual manikin motions maximizing comfort in manual assembly processes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Technologies and Systems for Assembly Quality, Productivity and Customization. - : Conference on Assembly Technologies & Systems (CIRP). - 9780615640228 ; , s. 209-212
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effective simulation of manual assembly operations considering ergonomic load and clearance demands requires detailed modeling of human body kinematics and motions, as well as a tight coupling to powerful algorithms for collision-free path planning. The focus in this paper is a unified solution that automatically creates assembly motions for manikins taking kinematic constraints, balance, contact forces, collision avoidance and comfort into account. The manikin used in this work has 162 degrees of freedom - six exterior fictitious joints determine the position of the lower lumbar and the remaining ones are interior joints. The inverse kinematic problem leads to an underdetermined system allowing us to pick a solution that maximizes a scalar valued comfort function. The comfort function offers a generic way to give preference to certain poses while avoiding others, typically by considering joint limits, forces and moments on joints, and magnitude of contact forces. In order to avoid collisions, poses close to collision are penalized. The method is implemented and demonstrated on two challenging assembly operations taken from the automotive industry.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Carlson, Johan, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Robot Station Optimization for Minimizing Dress Pack Problems
- 2016
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 44, s. 389-394
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problems with robot dress packs are one of the major reasons for online adjustments of robot motions and for down time in robot stations. A factory study showed that many robots wear out more than one dress pack per year. The life length variation was in fact shown considerable, ranging from years to only months. The dress packs consist of attached cables and hoses which typically have significant impact on allowed robot configurations and motions in the station. In this paper, we present novel simulation methods for improving robot configurations and motions during off-line programming and optimization of robot stations. The proposed method is applied to a stud welding station resulting in the elimination of several problems related to the dress packs.
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| 39. |
- El-Seedi, Hesham, et al.
(författare)
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Biosynthesis, natural sources, dietary intake, pharmacokinetic properties, and biological activities of hydroxycinnamic acids
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 60:44, s. 10877-10895
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydroxycinnamic acids are the most widely distributed phenolic acids in plants. Broadly speaking, they can be defined as compounds derived from cinnamic acid. They are present at high concentrations in many food products, including fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa, and wine. A diet rich in hydroxycinnamic acids is thought to be associated with beneficial health effects such as a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. The impact of hydroxycinnamic acids on health depends on their intake and pharmacokinetic properties. This review discusses their chemistry, biosynthesis, natural sources, dietary intake, and pharmacokinetic properties.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- El-Seedi, Hesham R, et al.
(författare)
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Ecologically active 2-octanoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione from Philodendron guttiferum
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 27:3, s. 517-521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel naturally occurring 2-octanoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione 1 was isolated in its enol form from P. guttiferum (Araceae). Its chemical ecological relevance is discussed. There was mass spectral evidence for the presence of small amounts of the homologous 2-decanoyl and 2-dodecanoyl derivatives.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Feijoo, C., et al.
(författare)
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Harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) to increase wellbeing for all: The case for a new technology diplomacy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Telecommunications Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-5961. ; 44:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is experiencing a period of intense progress due to the consolidation of several key technological enablers. AI is already deployed widely and has a high impact on work and daily life activities. The continuation of this process will likely contribute to deep economic and social changes. To realise the tremendous benefits of AI while mitigating undesirable effects will require enlightened responses by many stakeholders. Varying national institutional, economic, political, and cultural conditions will influence how AI will affect convenience, efficiency, personalisation, privacy protection, and surveillance of citizens. Many expect that the winners of the AI development race will dominate the coming decades economically and geopolitically, potentially exacerbating tensions between countries. Moreover, nations are under pressure to protect their citizens and their interests—and even their own political stability—in the face of possible malicious or biased uses of AI. On the one hand, these different stressors and emphases in AI development and deployment among nations risk a fragmentation between world regions that threatens technology evolution and collaboration. On the other hand, some level of differentiation will likely enrich the global AI ecosystem in ways that stimulate innovation and introduce competitive checks and balances through the decentralisation of AI development. International cooperation, typically orchestrated by intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations, private sector initiatives, and by academic researchers, has improved common welfare and avoided undesirable outcomes in other technology areas. Because AI will most likely have more fundamental effects on our lives than other recent technologies, stronger forms of cooperation that address broader policy and governance challenges in addition to regulatory and technological issues may be needed. At a time of great challenges among nations, international policy coordination remains a necessary instrument to tackle the ethical, cultural, economic, and political repercussions of AI. We propose to advance the emerging concept of technology diplomacy to facilitate the global alignment of AI policy and governance and create a vibrant AI innovation system. We argue that the prevention of malicious uses of AI and the enhancement of human welfare create strong common interests across jurisdictions that require sustained efforts to develop better, mutually beneficial approaches. We hope that new technology diplomacy will facilitate the dialogues necessary to help all interested parties develop a shared understanding and coordinate efforts to utilise AI for the benefit of humanity, a task whose difficulty should not be underestimated.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Gleeson, Daniel, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing robot trajectories for automatic robot code generation
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering. - 2161-8070 .- 2161-8089. - 9781467381833 ; , s. 495-500
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In manufacturing industry, the automation of robot trajectory planning and robot code generation lowers the development and assessment times of new products and models, increasing the flexibility of a robotic production line. This is of increasing importance in a number of industries where new products and new models are constantly being developed. This paper presents a method that automatically generates robot code for collision free trajectories. Starting with a collision free piecewise linear joint space trajectory, a direct transcription optimal control method is used, iteratively, to improve the trajectory while maintaining a desired clearance. The final solution is a collision free robot trajectory defined by a set of parameters, e.g. joint space via points and TCP-zone radii, that can be used to automatically generate functional RAPID code for an industrial robot. The algorithm is designed to be easily extendable. For example, by changing the constraints on the trajectory or by including energy consumption as an objective. A successful test of the algorithm has been carried out on an industrial stud welding station using the ABB virtual controller, indicating a 10% improvement in motion time.
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| 46. |
- Gleeson, Daniel, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Energy Optimization using Trajectory Smoothing and Automatic Code Generation for Robotic Assembly
- 2016
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 44, s. 341-346
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In automated industrial production, the efficiency of robotic motions directly affects both the final throughput and the energy consumption. By simulating and optimizing robot trajectories, cycle times and energy consumption can be lowered, or redundant robots can be detected. Here a polynomial basis function trajectory parametrization is presented, which enables direct export to executable robot code, and reduces the number of variables in the optimization problem. The algorithm finds time-optimal trajectories, while including collision avoidance and fulfilling joint, velocity and acceleration limitations. Applied torques are used as an approximation of the energy consumption to analyse the smooth trajectories, and successful tests show potential reductions of 10% for a standard industrial robot stud welding station.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Hedner, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Antifouling activity of a dibrominated cyclopeptide from the marine sponge Geodia barretti
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of natural products (Print). - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0163-3864 .- 1520-6025. ; 71:3, s. 330-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many sessile suspension-feeding marine organisms rely on chemical defense to keep their surfaces free from fouling organisms. The brominated cyclopeptides barettin (cyclo[(6-bromo-8-entryptophan)arginine]) (1) and 8,9-dihydrobarettin (cyclo[(6-bromotryptophan)arginine]) (2) from the cold-water sponge Geodia barretti have previously displayed settlement inhibition of barnacle larvae in a dose-dependent manner. In this paper, we describe a novel dibrominated cyclopeptide, bromobenzisoxazolone barettin (cyclo[(6-bromo-8-(6-bromobenzioxazol-3(1H)-one)-8-hydroxy)tryptophan)]arginine) (3), which we have isolated from G. barretti and which displays settlement inhibition of barnacle larvae (Balanus improvisus) with an EC50 value of 15 nM. The chemical structure was determined using MS and 2D-NMR.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Hedner, Erik, 1975-
(författare)
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Bioactive Compounds in the Chemical Defence of Marine Sponges : Structure-Activity Relationships and Pharmacological Targets
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Marine invertebrates, in particular sponges, represent a source of a wide range of secondary metabolites, many of which have been attributed various defensive capabilities against environmental stress factors. In this thesis sponge-derived low-molecular peptide-like compounds and associated analogs are investigated for bioactivity and pharmacological targets. The compound bromobenzisoxazolone barettin (cyclo[(6-bromo-8-(6-bromo-benzioxazol -3(1H)-one)-8-hydroxy)tryptophan)]arginine) was isolated from the sponge Geodia barretti and its ability to inhibit larval settlement of the barnacle Balanus improvisus was determined. With an EC50 value of 15 nM, this compound’s antifouling effect was higher than those of the previously reported brominated dipeptides from Geodia barretti, i.e., barettin and 8,9-dihydrobarettin; moreover, this antifouling effect was demonstrated to be reversible. However, the compound lacked affinity for 5-HT1-7 receptors, whereas barettin possessed specific affinity to 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C and 5-HT4, while 8,9-dihydrobarettin interacted with 5-HT4. In an attempt to evaluate structure-activity relationships synthesized analogs with barettin and dipodazine scaffolds were investigated for antifouling activity. The analog benso[g]dipodazine, with an EC50 value of 34 nM, displayed the highest settlement inhibition. The studies of the structure-activity relationships of sponge-derived compounds were extended to cover analogs of agelasines and agelasimines originally isolated from sponges of the genus Agelas. Synthesized (+)-agelasine D and two structurally close analogs were investigated for cytotoxic and antibacterial activity. The profound cytotoxicity and broad spectrum antibacterial activity found prompted a further investigation of structure-activity relationships in 42 agelasine and agelasimine analogs and several characteristics that increased bioactivity were identified. In conclusion this work has produced new results regarding the potent bioactivity of compounds derived from the sponges Geodia barretti and Agelas spp. and increased SAR knowledge of the fouling inhibition, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of these compounds.
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