| 1. |
- Bohlin, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Change in smoking habits after having been screened for abdominal aortic aneurysm
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 48:2, s. 138-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study smoking habits among men with abdominal aortic aneurysm at screening at 65 years of age, and during follow-up, as a base-line study to evaluate future interventions.DESIGN: Nested case-control study.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 2006 and 2011, 8150 65-year-old men (compliance 85%) were screened for AAA in Uppsala County, Sweden. Among 292 men with an aortic diameter of at least 25 mm, 77 were active smokers at the time of screening. At follow-up of smoking habits in 2012, 53 men (69%) participated in this study, 28 had an AAA of at least 30 mm and 25 a sub-aneurysmal aorta (SAA) 25-29 mm at baseline. For each case, one control was randomly selected, all active smokers with aortic diameter less than 25 mm at baseline, matched for age and year of screening. Telephone interviews were performed at a median 34 months (range: 4-67) after screening.RESULTS: Men with AAA had hypertension more often than controls (68% vs. 23%, p < .001). Men with AAA and SAA reported more smoking years than controls (p = .017). Cessation rate among patients with AAA did not differ significantly compared with men with an aorta less than 30 mm (29% vs. 15%, p = .159), but they had reduced their consumption of cigarettes/day significantly more than men with SAA and controls (-8.2 vs. -3.0 vs. -4.5, p = .030). Men with AAA recalled having been informed about the importance of smoking cessation at the time of screening more often (p = .031). There was no difference in growth of the AAA between those who continued, and those who quit smoking (2.03 vs. 2.01 mm/year, p = .982), but the study was not powered to study AAA growth.CONCLUSIONS: Although counselling in a normal healthcare setting had some effect, the results indicate a need to tailor interventions to further increase smoking cessation rates among men diagnosed with both AAA and SAA.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Diamantopoulou, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of executive functioning and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on children's peer relations and school performance
- 2007
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 32:1, s. 521-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the predictive relations from symptoms of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and executive functioning (EF) to social and school functioning in 112 (62 girls) school children. High levels of teacher and parent ratings of ADHD symptoms at the ages of 8-8 1/2 years, and poor EF measured at the age of 8 1/2, were associated with poor social functioning measured by peer nominations and poor teacher ratings of school functioning at the age of 9 1/2. ADHD symptoms independently predicted social and school functioning, whereas EF independently predicted only school functioning. Interaction effects between ADHD and EF and between EF and gender were found: At high levels of symptoms of inattention, the poorer the EF, the greater the need for special education. At high levels of symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity, the poorer the EF, the higher the levels of physical aggression. Girls with poor EF were less accepted by peers than equivalent boys.
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| 4. |
- Holmström, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish men and smoking : Views on screening-detected abdominal aortic aneurysm
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nursing and Health Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1441-0745 .- 1442-2018. ; 21:1, s. 119-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), most common among elderly male smokers, often show no symptoms before rupture. To facilitate better care and counselling targeted to smoking cessation for these patients, more knowledge is required about their views. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to describe the views on AAA and smoking among male smokers with screening‐detected AAA. A qualitative approach with individual interviews with 16 men with screening‐detected AAA was applied. Three had quit smoking by the time of the interviews. Thematic analysis was performed, and four themes emerged: (i) accepting the course of life; (ii) the elusive AAA: a disturbing experiencing or merely a minor inconvenience?; (iii) being in safe hands; and (iv) smoking as an unexpected topic of discussion. Most of the participants felt they were in “safe hands”, although thoughts about death were also evoked. However, the information about smoking cessation was unexpected, and the relationship between AAA and smoking unclear. Presenting the connection between AAA and smoking in a clear manner and motivating smoking cessation in an individually‐targeted way are important.
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| 5. |
- Lidwall, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
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Mental disorder sick leave in Sweden : A population study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Work. - : IOS PRESS. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 59:2, s. 259-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The inability to perform productive work due to mental disorders is a growing concern in advanced societies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate medically certified mental disorder and all-cause sick leave in a working population using demographic, socioeconomic and occupational predictors.METHODS: The study population was the entire Swedish work force aged 16-64 years in December 31st 2011. The outcome was sick leave exceeding 14 days in 2012 with adjustment for 13 confounders.RESULTS: The risk of sick leave with a mental disorder is higher among women compared to men, among persons aged 30-39 and among parents in families with underage children. Employees in welfare service occupations within health care, education and social services have an elevated risk of mental disorder sick leave and constitute a large proportion of the workforce.CONCLUSION: The results support the need for improving early detection and prevention of mental disorders in the workforce. Improvements in psychosocial work environments are essential, where the higher risk in female dominated welfare occupations particularly, have repercussions on the quality of the welfare services provided for vulnerable groups in society. Better work-life balance in families with younger children could also mitigate the effects of a high total workload in that particular phase of life.
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| 6. |
- Rydell, Ann-Margret, et al.
(författare)
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Hyperactivity, shyness and sex : Development and socio-emotional functioning
- 2009
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Ingår i: British Journal of Developmental Psychology. - 0261-510X .- 2044-835X. ; 27:3, s. 625-648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on formulations about the possible consequences for adaptation of gender non-normative behaviour, we investigated predictive and concurrent relations of hyperactivity and shyness to various aspects of adaptation focusing on possible effects of sex. At ages 5-6, parents and preschool teachers rated hyperactivity and shyness for 151 children (50% boys). At age 9, we obtained teacher ratings of hyperactivity, internalizing and externalizing problems, self-ratings of trait anxiety, and peer nominations of shyness, social preference, and aggression. Several effects of sex were found. Hyperactivity ratings were more strongly related across time and raters for boys than for girls. In the predictive analyses, boys' hyperactivity was more strongly related to aggression than was girls' hyperactivity, and in concurrent analyses, girls' hyperactivity was more strongly associated with low social preference than was boys' hyperactivity. There was a protective effect of shyness with regard to aggression that applied only to boys, that is, at high hyperactivity levels, boys with high shyness levels were less aggressive than boys with low shyness levels. There were also main effects of hyperactivity and shyness. In predictive and concurrent analyses, hyperactivity was associated with low social preference, high levels of externalizing problems and with aggression, whereas shyness was associated with high levels of internalizing problems. Finally, there was an interactive effect of hyperactivity and shyness. In the concurrent analyses, an exacerbating effect was demonstrated insofar as high shyness was associated with low social preference at high, but not at low levels of hyperactivity. The different developmental risks of hyperactivity and shyness were discussed.
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| 7. |
- Struyf, Nona, et al.
(författare)
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Delineating functional and molecular impact of ex vivo sample handling in precision medicine
- 2024
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Ingår i: npj Precision Oncology. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-768X. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consistent handling of samples is crucial for achieving reproducible molecular and functional testing results in translational research. Here, we used 229 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient samples to assess the impact of sample handling on high-throughput functional drug testing, mass spectrometry-based proteomics, and flow cytometry. Our data revealed novel and previously described changes in cell phenotype and drug response dependent on sample biobanking. Specifically, myeloid cells with a CD117 (c-KIT) positive phenotype decreased after biobanking, potentially distorting cell population representations and affecting drugs targeting these cells. Additionally, highly granular AML cell numbers decreased after freezing. Secondly, protein expression levels, as well as sensitivity to drugs targeting cell proliferation, metabolism, tyrosine kinases (e.g., JAK, KIT, FLT3), and BH3 mimetics were notably affected by biobanking. Moreover, drug response profiles of paired fresh and frozen samples showed that freezing samples can lead to systematic errors in drug sensitivity scores. While a high correlation between fresh and frozen for the entire drug library was observed, freezing cells had a considerable impact at an individual level, which could influence outcomes in translational studies. Our study highlights conditions where standardization is needed to improve reproducibility, and where validation of data generated from biobanked cohorts may be particularly important.
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| 8. |
- Thorell, Lisa B., et al.
(författare)
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Emotional functioning, ADHD symptoms, and peer problems : A longitudinal investigation of children age 6-9.5years
- 2017
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Ingår i: Infant and Child Development. - : Wiley. - 1522-7227 .- 1522-7219. ; 26:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate the interplay between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and emotional functioning in relation to peer problems. Parent ratings of ADHD symptoms and regulation/reactivity with regard to four emotions (anger, sadness, fear, and happiness/exuberance) at age six were investigated in relation to sociometric peer nominations 3years later in a non-clinical sample (n=91). Reactivity and regulation were only modestly correlated, and these two aspects of emotional functioning did not show the same relation to peer problems. The main finding was that, it was primarily children with high levels of ADHD symptoms in combination with either high dysregulation or low reactivity with regard to happiness/exuberance who received many negative peer nominations. In addition, high levels of ADHD symptoms in combination with high reactivity with regard to anger were associated with nominations of physical aggression. The modest relation between reactivity and regulation emphasizes the importance of separating these two constructs. The fact that it was primarily happiness/exuberance, as opposed to negative emotions, that was associated with negative peer nominations suggests that future studies are needed to clarify the role of specific emotions in relation to the functional impairments associated with ADHD symptoms. Highlights The present study aimed to investigate the interplay between ADHD symptoms and emotional functioning in relation to peer problems using a longitudinal design (age 6-9 years). Ratings of ADHD symptoms and emotional functioning were investigated in relation to sociometric peer nominations and results showed that it was primarily children with high levels of ADHD symptoms in combination with either high dysregulation or low reactivity with regard to happiness/exuberance who received many negative peer nominations. The fact that it was primarily happiness/exuberance, as opposed to negative emotions, that was associated with negative peer nominations suggests that future studies are needed to clarify the role of specific emotions in relation to the functional impairments associated with ADHD symptoms.
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| 9. |
- Thorell, Lisa B., et al.
(författare)
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Training and transfer effects of executive functions in preschool children
- 2009
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Ingår i: Developmental Science. - : Wiley. - 1363-755X .- 1467-7687. ; 12:1, s. 106-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Executive functions, including working memory and inhibition, are of central importance to much of human behavior. Interventions intended to improve executive functions might therefore serve an important purpose. Previous studies show that working memory can be improved by training, but it is unknown if this also holds for inhibition, and whether it is possible to train executive functions in preschoolers. In the present study, preschool children received computerized training of either visuo-spatial working memory or inhibition for 5 weeks. An active control group played commercially available computer games, and a passive control group took part in only pre- and posttesting. Children trained on working memory improved significantly on trained tasks; they showed training effects on non-trained tests of spatial and verbal working memory, as well as transfer effects to attention. Children trained on inhibition showed a significant improvement over time on two out of three trained task paradigms, but no significant improvements relative to the control groups on tasks measuring working memory or attention. In neither of the two interventions were there effects on non-trained inhibitory tasks. The results suggest that working memory training can have significant effects also among preschool children. The finding that inhibition could not be improved by either one of the two training programs might be due to the particular training program used in the present study or possibly indicate that executive functions differ in how easily they can be improved by training, which in turn might relate to differences in their underlying psychological and neural processes.
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