| 1. |
- Ahlin, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Narrativ teknik och känsla i Hemingways "Hills Like White Elephants"
- 2023
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Ingår i: Litteraturdidaktik och känslor: Konferensvolym 2021. - : Stockholm University Press.
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I kapitlet ”Narrativ teknik och känsla i Hemingways ’Hills Like White Elephants’” utgår vi från frågan om det huruvida samtidigt vara känslomässigt berörd av en text och förhålla sig kritiskt till den. I en undersökning av förhållandet mellan estetisk form och känslor argumenterar vi för att kritisk närläsning kan vara ett helt nödvändigt första steg för att uppfatta karaktärers känslor och för att som läsare själv känna känslomässigt engagemang för en text. Analysen fokuserar på de känslor “Hills Like White Elephants” förmedlar genom sin minimalistiska form. Kapitlet diskuterar den effekt formen kan ha på läsaren men snarare än att försöka slå fast vilka känslor som kan eller bör genereras menar vi att pedagogens uppgift främst är att sträva efter att ge studenterna en beredskap för att ta till sig konstverket, det vill säga, arbeta med det som Felski kallar attunement. Vi föreslår tre huvudområden att arbeta med i klassrummet för att uppnå en djupare textförståelse som i sin tur kan leda till attunement. Det första är kulturell och litterär kontext: vad behöver läsaren veta om modernismen för att förstå ”Hills Like White Elephants”? Det andra är analys av miljö, vilket inbegriper bland annat betydelsen av plats men också språkliga konstruktioner och symbolism. Slutligen diskuteras förhållandet mellan karaktärernas känslor och läsarens samt frågan om huruvida det är rimligt att ha som mål att dessa båda parter ska dela känslotillstånd.
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| 2. |
- Smedberg Bondesson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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”Vi snakker bare litt om porno” : Multimodal och platsorienterad analys av rumsligt gestaltade affekter i Sesam Sesam av Gro Dahle och Kaia Dahle Nyhus
- 2023
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Ingår i: Litteraturdidaktik och känslor. - : Stockholm University Press.
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Kännetecknade för Gro Dahles bilderböcker är att de inte värjer sig för att gestalta komplexa och kontroversiella teman. Agnes-Margrethe Bjorvand menar i sin analys av boken Sinna mann (2003) att Dahle bidragit till att förnya bilderboksgenren:”[w]hat is new, however, is that such a concrete presentation of physical abuse and violence inside the home finds its way into picturebooks intended to be read to and by relatively small children” (2010, s. 217). Därutöver finns det inte sällan i bilderböckerna en problematiserande ansats som erbjuder flera tolkningsvägar. Ett exempel är Snill (2002) av Dahle (text) och Svein Nyhus (bild) där problemställningen kretsar kring flickan Lussis frigörelse från att inledningsvis vara en snäll, tyst och osynlig tyst flicka till att bli en individ med egen vilja. Eva Maagerø och Guri Lorentzen Østbye (2017) resonerar kring hur Snill i första hand gestaltar Lussis frigörelse men att den avslutande bilden också signalerar andra barns, till exempel pojkars, behov av frigörelse, vilket även är en slutsats som Alfredsson (2021) drar. I föreliggande studie är det Sesam Sesam (2017) av Gro Dahle (text) och Kaia Dahle Nyhus (bild) som är i fokus. Berättelsen handlar kortfattat om hur pojken Al blir påkommen av sin mor när han tittar på pornografi på nätet, moderns reaktion och samtalet mellan Al och hans storebror Kas om vad porr egentligen är. Precis som i Snill och Sinna mann gestaltas ett brett känsloregister ur barnets perspektiv. Ämnet är känslomässigt komplicerat och berättelsen visar hur olika typer av affekter i Silvan S. Tomkins definition som exempelvis nyfikenhet, avsmak och skam, kan ta sig uttryck. I denna artikel är syftet att visa hur Dahles text och Kaia Dahle Nyhus illustrationer samspelar och skapar ett expressivt formspråk genom att framhäva, tona ned eller problematisera olika affekter (Nathanson 1992; Tomkins 1995). Vidare kommer vi att diskutera vilka litteraturdidaktiska möjligheter vår analys rymmer. Detta resonemang är samtidigt en vidareutveckling av ett redan påbörjat projekt med syftet att undersöka möjligheterna med att fläta samman litteraturvetenskapliga och språkvetenskapliga analysmetoder i undervisningen vid svensklärarutbildningen (Dahl & Smedberg Bondesson 2021). Den visuella analysen rymmer tre delar: ideationell, textuell och interpersonell betydelse. Ideationell betydelse avser här det Kress & van Leeuwen benämner narrativa processer och de frågor vi ställer är: Vad händer i bilden och hur gestaltas det? Textuell analys innebär en kartläggning av hur de avbildade är relaterade till varandra i fråga om avstånd och storlek och de betydelser som samspelen mellan de avbildade ger uttryck för. Vi tar fasta på aspekterna avgränsning och sambandsskapande, samt avstånd, visuellt rim och kontrast (Kress & van Leeuwen, s. 201ff). Den interpersonella analysen handlar om de sociala relationer människor etablerar visuellt. Här fokuserar vi på hur bruk av färg realiserar interpersonell betydelse som glädje, sorg, ilska eller rädsla med hjälp av aspekterna färgmättnad, modulation och differentiering (Kress & van Leeuwen, s. 232ff). Vidare kommer vi i analysen och tolkningen med mer litteraturvetenskapliga anspråk att använda tre topi-begrepp, nämligen Bakhtins kronotopi, främst tröskelkronotopin, Foucaults heterotopi, samt lingvistikens diatopi-begrepp, omformulerat och omdefinierat för att tjäna litteraturvetenskapliga syften. Atle Krogstads artikel ”The family house chronotope in three picturebooks by Gro Dahle and Svein Nyhus: idyll, fantasy, and threshold experiences” (2016) konstaterar att familjehuset är den primära scenen för händelserna i Dahles och Nyhus bilderboksuniversum. Vi instämmer med Krogstad i detta liksom i påståendet att Dahles och Nyhus bilderboksberättelser kan betraktas som just tröskelstudier som utforskar, förtydligar och tänjer ut det tillfälle och den tidpunkt då barnet förändras och blir synligt i den vuxna världen. Bakhtins tröskelkronotopi gestaltar existentiellt avgörande förändringar, medan Foucaults heterotopi erbjuder en motplats som ställer övriga världen på ända (Bachtin 1991, s. 157; Foucault 2008, s. 252 f.). Smedberg Bondessons diatopi häver klaustrofobin och innebär en öppning mellan den inre och den yttre världen, en genomsläpplighet och vidgning mot universums oändlighet, i fantasin såväl som i verkligheten (Smedberg Bondesson 2014, s. 50; 2017, s. 208; 217 f; 2018, s. 75). Analysen visar hur visuella val som rör narrativa processer, samband och avstånd samt interpersonella aspekter av färg såsom färgmättnad, differentiering och kontrast förstärker och förtydligar såväl materiella (yttre) som mentala (inre) dimensioner av den skrivna berättelsen. Starka affekter som avsmak, nyfikenhet och skam men också den nödvändiga tryggheten, känslan av att dela världen med någon, det ömsesidiga förtroendet som förutsättning för att klara av att reglera affekterna, kan urskiljas i berättelsens dramaturgi. En slutsats är att Kress & van Leeuwens modell möjliggör en detaljerad multimodal analys av olika affekter i en bilderbok som Sesam Sesam – och vidare ger detta en fingervisning om att man med fördel torde kunna kombinera en litteraturvetenskaplig/litteraturdidaktisk analys med en språkvetenskaplig/sociosemiotisk. Denna kombination är intressant ur många perspektiv, inte minst ett didaktiskt och svenskämnesperspektiv med tanke på hur språk- och litteraturdelen många gånger behandlas som skilda entiteter i klassrummet. Vidare står det i läroplanen att elever ska arbeta med ”texter som kombinerar ord, bild och ljud, och deras språkliga och dramaturgiska komponenter. Hur uttrycken kan samspela med varandra, till exempel i tv-serier, teaterföreställningar och webbtexter.” Här kan man tillägga bilderböcker. Den nordiska bilderboken utmärker sig nämligen på så vis att den inte uteslutande riktar sig till småbarn. Författare som till exempel Gro Dahle eller danskarna Oskar K och Dorte Karrebæk har visat hur gränsen mellan barn- och ungdomslitteratur samt vuxenlitteratur kan tänjas och problematiseras. Referenser Alfredsson, J. (2021). Den poetiska zonen. Poesins performativa potential i bilderböcker for barn. Samlaren. Tidskrift för forskning om svensk och annan nordisk litteratur årgång 142. Bachtin, M. (1991). Det dialogiska ordet. Översättning Johan Öberg. Gråbo: Anthropos. Bjorvand, A-M. (2010). Do Sons Inherit the Sins of Their Fathers? An Analysis of the Picturebook Angry Man. In T. Colomer, B. Kümmerling-Meibauer & C. Silva-Diaz (eds.), New Directions in Picturebook Research. New York & London: Routledge. Dahle, G & Dahle Nyhus, K. (2017). Sesam Sesam. Oslo: Cappelen Damm. Dahl, C. & Smedberg Bondesson, A. (2021). Skönlitteraturens språk – Det dubbla perspektivets möjligheter vid textanalys. Educare nr 2. Foucault. M. (2008). Diskursernas kamp. Översättning Jonas (J) Magnusson. Thomas Götselius & Ulf Olsson (eds). Stockholm/Stehag: Symposion. Kress, G. & van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading Images. The Grammar of Visual Design. New York & London: Routledge. Krogstad, A. (2016). The family house chronotope in three picturebooks by Gro Dahle and Svein Nyhus: idyll, fantasy, and threshold experiences. Barnelitterært Forskningstidsskrift. Nordic Journal of ChildLits Aesthetics, 7:1, 26040, DOI: 10.3402/blft.v7.26040. Maagerø, E. & Lorentzen Østbye, G. (2017). What a Girl! Fighting Gentleness in the Picture Book World. An Analysis of the Norwegian Picture Book What a Girl! by Gro Dahle and Svein Nyhus. Children’s Literature in Education nr 48. Nathanson, D. L. (1992). Shame and pride. Affect, sex and the birth of the self. New York & London: Norton. Smedberg Bondesson, A. (2014). Ditt språk i min mun. Grannspråkets glädje och gagn. Göteborg & Stockholm: Makadam. Smedberg Bondesson, A. (2017). Through the land of lagom in literature. Passing small towns in middle Sweden. Steven P. Sondrup & Mark B. Sandberg (eds.), Nordic Literature. A Comparative History. Volume I: Thomas A. Dubois & Dan Ringgaard (eds), Spatial Nodes. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Smedberg Bondesson, A. (2018). Gösta Berling på La Scala. Selma Lagerlöf och Italien. Göteborg & Stockholm: Makadam. Tomkins, S. S. (1995). Exploring affect. The selected writings of Silvan. S. Tomkins. Virginia E. Demos (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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| 3. |
- Bailly-Chouriberry, Ludovic, et al.
(författare)
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A new analytical method based on anti-EPO monolith column and LC-FAIMS-MS/MS for the detection of rHuEPOs in horse plasma and urine samples
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Analyst. - 0003-2654 .- 1364-5528. ; 137:10, s. 2445-2453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is a 30-34 kDa glycoprotein banned by the racing authorities. For some years this molecule has been detected in race horses in USA and in Europe, and even in racing camels. Although direct methods to differentiate horse endogenous EPO and rHuEPO have been developed either by LC-MS/MS or by isoelectric focusing (IEF) with double-blotting, the short confirmation time of such prohibited hormone in plasma remains a problem for horseracing doping control laboratories. In order to improve the rHuEPOs confirmation process in horse plasma or urine in terms of reliability and delay, a small anti-EPO monolith membrane contained in a disposable column (anti-EPO monolith column) has been successfully used and validated (n = 10). This new sample preparation, combined with LC-FAIMS-MS/MS, has been performed on plasma and urine samples collected from one horse which received an Eprex[registered sign] treatment during six consecutive days and a second one with a single injection of Aranesp[registered sign]. This inventive technology allowed the possibility to confirm the presence of rHuEPO within one day with a limit of detection validated for both urine and plasma at 250 pg mL-1 by means of a disposable, ready to use immunoaffinity column. The lower limit of detection (LLOD) obtained for each matrix was 100 pg mL-1. These results provide an important improvement for rHuEPO doping control in horseracing especially the possibility to confirm these banned molecules in both matrices, urine and plasma, with a confidence of two specific target peptides.
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| 4. |
- Bondesson, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Health care utilization among individuals who die by suicide as compared to the general population : a population-based register study in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Globally, 700 000 people die every year by suicide. Health care consultation patterns the period before suicide could be one potential way to identify people at risk for suicide. Therefore, this study examines health care patterns up to one year prior to the suicide by age, sex and prior diagnoses and specifically investigates if and how this differs from the general population of Skåne, Sweden.METHODS: This cohort study includes all individuals, aged 15 and older, that died by suicide in Region Skåne, Sweden from 2004 to 2015 (n = 1653). The individuals were identified through the Cause of death register and then linked to the Skåne healthcare register. Health care data was analyzed as proportions consulting different types of health care the month and year preceding the suicide, we also investigated the impact of age, sex and the occurrence of prior psychiatric and pain diagnoses. Additionally, we compared the proportion of consulting care among the suicide victims and the general population of Skåne.RESULTS: In the month before their death, 53% of the suicide victims had any health care consultation, compared with 20% in the general population of Skåne, a given month (p < 0.0001). The corresponding figures for the year prior to suicide was 86% among those who died by suicide, compared to 69% in the general population of Skåne, a given year (p < 0.0001). Women, and those having a documented history of psychiatric diagnosis were more likely to have health care consultations in the month and year preceding suicide (p < 0.001), compared to men and suicide victims without a history of psychiatric disease. Older adults that died by suicide, were less likely to consult psychiatric care compared to the younger suicide victims (p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: A majority of the suicide victims consulted health care in the near time before death and the proportion of seeking health care was significantly higher than in the general population of Skåne and higher among female suicide victims as compared to males. Alternative preventive screening measures should be considered for individuals consulting health care, especially for older people and individuals outside the psychiatric care.
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| 5. |
- Bondesson, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Utilization of healthcare and prescription medicines after non-pharmacological interventions for depression - A 3-year register follow-up of an RCT in primary care
- 2022
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2211-3355. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression is a common, recurrent disorder. There is a need for readily available treatments with few negative side effects, that demands little resources and that are effective both in the short- and long term. Our aim was to investigate the long-term effectiveness of two different interventions; physical exercise and internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (internet-CBT), compared to usual care in patients with mild to moderate depression in a Swedish primary care setting. We performed a register-based 3-year follow-up study of participants in the randomized controlled trial REGASSA (n = 940) using healthcare utilization and dispensed medicines as outcomes. We found no difference between the three groups regarding proportion of participants consulting healthcare due to mental illness or pain during follow-up. Regarding number of consultations, there was no difference between the groups, except for consultations related to pain. For this outcome both treatment arms had significantly fewer consultations compared to usual care, during year 2-3, the risk ratio (RR) for physical exercise and internet-CBT was 0.64 (95% CI = 0.43-0.95) and 0.61 (95% CI = 0.41-0.90), respectively. A significantly lower proportion of patients in both treatment arms were dispensed hypnotics and sedatives year 2-3 compared to the usual care arm, RR for both physical exercise and internet-CBT was 0.72 (95% CI = 0.53-0.98). No other differences between the groups were found. In conclusion, considering long-term effects, both physical exercise and internet-CBT, being resource-efficient treatments, could be considered as appropriate additions for patients with mild to moderate depression in primary care settings.
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| 6. |
- Bondesson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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A CASCADE of effects of bisphenol A.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Reproductive Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-6238 .- 1873-1708. ; 28:4, s. 563-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Bondesson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Estrogen receptor signaling during vertebrate development
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Gene Regulatory Mechanisms. - : Elsevier BV. - 1874-9399 .- 1876-4320. ; 1849:2, s. 142-151
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estrogen receptors are expressed and their cognate ligands produced in all vertebrates, indicative of important and conserved functions. Through evolution estrogen has been involved in controlling reproduction, affecting both the development of reproductive organs and reproductive behavior. This review broadly describes the synthesis of estrogens and the expression patterns of aromatase and the estrogen receptors, in relation to estrogen functions in the developing fetus and child. We focus on the role of estrogens for the development of reproductive tissues, as well as non-reproductive effects on the developing brain. We collate data from human, rodent, bird and fish studies and highlight common and species-specific effects of estrogen signaling on fetal development. Morphological malformations originating from perturbed estrogen signaling in estrogen receptor and aromatase knockout mice are discussed, as well as the clinical manifestations of rare estrogen receptor alpha and aromatase gene mutations in humans.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bondesson, Pia-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of energy potentials from combined ethanol and methane production using steam-pretreated corn stover impregnated with acetic acid
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biomass & Bioenergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2909 .- 0961-9534. ; 67, s. 413-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acetic acid was investigated as a catalyst in steam pretreatment of corn stover. The purpose was to study ethanol production using either baker's yeast or a genetically modified pentose-fermenting version of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, KE6-12. Biogas production was investigated as an alternative for utilization of xylose. The high levels of acetic acid was found to be toxic using KE6-12. Some pentose fermentation was achieved, but the ethanol end concentration was almost the same as using baker's yeast (28 g L1 compared to 27 g L1). Using xylose for biogas production resulted in a high total energy recovery. The highest total energy recovery in the products, i.e. ethanol, methane and solids, obtained was 88% compared with the energy in ingoing raw material. This result was achieved when the solids and the liquid was separated after pretreatment.
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| 10. |
- Bondesson, Pia-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Ethanol and biogas production after steam pretreatment of corn stover with or without the addition of sulphuric acid
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Lignocellulosic biomass, such as corn stover, is a potential raw material for ethanol production. One step in the process of producing ethanol from lignocellulose is enzymatic hydrolysis, which produces fermentable sugars from carbohydrates present in the corn stover in the form of cellulose and hemicellulose. A pretreatment step is crucial to achieve efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to soluble sugars, and later ethanol. This study has investigated steam pretreatment of corn stover, with and without sulphuric acid as catalyst, and examined the effect of residence time (5-10 min) and temperature (190-210 degrees C) on glucose and xylose recovery. The pretreatment conditions with and without dilute acid that gave the highest glucose yield were then used in subsequent experiments. Materials pretreated at the optimal conditions were subjected to simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) to produce ethanol, and remaining organic compounds were used to produce biogas by anaerobic digestion (AD). Results: The highest glucose yield achieved was 86%, obtained after pretreatment at 210 degrees C for 10 minutes in the absence of catalyst, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. The highest yield using sulphuric acid, 78%, was achieved using pretreatment at 200 degrees C for 10 minutes. These two pretreatment conditions were investigated using two different process configurations. The highest ethanol and methane yields were obtained from the material pretreated in the presence of sulphuric acid. The slurry in this case was split into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction, where the solid fraction was used to produce ethanol and the liquid fraction to produce biogas. The total energy recovery in this case was 86% of the enthalpy of combustion energy in corn stover. Conclusions: The highest yield, comprising ethanol, methane and solids, was achieved using pretreatment in the presence of sulphuric acid followed by a process configuration in which the slurry from the pretreatment was divided into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction. The solid fraction was subjected to SSF, while the liquid fraction, together with the filtered residual from SSF, was used in AD. Using sulphuric acid in AD did not inhibit the reaction, which may be due to the low concentration of sulphuric acid used. In contrast, a pretreatment step without sulphuric acid resulted not only in higher concentrations of inhibitors, which affected the ethanol yield, but also in lower methane production.
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| 11. |
- Bondesson, Pia-Maria
(författare)
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Evaluation of Pretreatment and Process Configurations for Combined Ethanol and Biogas Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In view of global climate change and the increasing energy demand there is a need for renewable energy resources. This thesis discusses an energy-driven biorefinery concept based on the agricultural residues corn stover and wheat straw. The work is divided into two main parts. The first part is concerned with the effects of steam pretreatment and choice of acid catalyst on ethanol and biogas production, as well as the overall energy yield. The second part focuses on the combination of acetic-acid-catalysed steam pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) and the role of process configuration on SSCF.Steam pretreatment was found to be a useful instrument to improve access of the main components of corn stover. This pretreatment resulted in high energy recovery. The choice of catalyst during steam pretreatment affected the overall energy recovery and product yield. Steam pretreatment with acetic acid or sulphuric acid improved the energy recovery compared with steam pretreatment with no catalyst or phosphoric acid. Phosphoric acid had toxic effects on ethanol and biogas production, while acetic acid was toxic only to ethanol production. The toxic effects on ethanol production were overcome by increasing the pH from 5.0 to 5.5. Process configuration also influenced the total energy recovery and product yield. This showed that not only the type of pretreatment, but also the process configuration, is important in an energy-driven biorefinery.Acetic acid is a known inhibitor during ethanol production. Using the S. cerevisiae strain KE6-12b resulted in ethanol production from both glucose and xylose, despite the fact that acetic-acid-catalysed steam pretreatment was used. Fed-batch improved SSCF in terms of ethanol yield and final ethanol concentration. Increasing the water insoluble solids (WIS) concentration from 10% to 11.7% improved the ethanol concentration, but the higher amount of inhibitors had a negative effect on the ethanol yield. Increasing the yeast concentration improved the results with higher WIS, but improvements are still required to increase the ethanol yield and concentration.
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| 12. |
- Bondesson, Pia-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing Ethanol and Methane Production from Steam-pretreated, Phosphoric Acid-impregnated Corn Stover.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0291 .- 0273-2289. ; 175:3, s. 1371-1388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pretreatment is of vital importance in the production of ethanol and methane from agricultural residues. In this study, the effects of steam pretreatment with phosphoric acid on enzymatic hydrolysis (EH), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), anaerobic digestion (AD) and the total energy output at three different temperatures were investigated. The effect of separating the solids for SSF and the liquid for AD was also studied and compared with using the whole slurry first in SSF and then in AD. Furthermore, the phosphoric acid was compared to previous studies using sulphuric acid or no catalyst. Using phosphoric acid resulted in higher yields than when no catalyst was used. However, compared with sulphuric acid, an improved yield was only seen with phosphoric acid in the case of EH. The higher pretreatment temperatures (200 and 210 °C) resulted in the highest yields after EH and SSF, while the highest methane yield was obtained with the lower pretreatment temperature (190 °C). The highest yield in terms of total energy recovery (78 %) was obtained after pretreatment at 190 °C, but a pretreatment temperature of 200 °C is, however, the best alternative since fewer steps are required (whole slurry in SSF and then in AD) and high product yields were obtained (76 %).
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| 13. |
- Bondesson, Pia-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Process design of SSCF for ethanol production from steam-pretreated, acetic-acid-impregnated wheat straw
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPretreatment is an important step in the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic material. Using acetic acid together with steam pretreatment allows the positive effects of an acid catalyst to be retained, while avoiding the negative environmental effects associated with sulphuric acid. Acetic acid is also formed during the pretreatment and hydrolysis of hemicellulose, and is a known inhibitor that may impair fermentation at high concentrations. The purpose of this study was to improve ethanol production from glucose and xylose in steam-pretreated, acetic-acid-impregnated wheat straw by process design of simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF), using a genetically modified pentose fermenting yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae.ResultsEthanol was produced from glucose and xylose using both the liquid fraction and the whole slurry from pretreated materials. The highest ethanol concentration achieved was 37.5 g/L, corresponding to an overall ethanol yield of 0.32 g/g based on the glucose and xylose available in the pretreated material. To obtain this concentration, a slurry with a water-insoluble solids (WIS) content of 11.7 % was used, using a fed-batch SSCF strategy. A higher overall ethanol yield (0.36 g/g) was obtained at 10 % WIS.ConclusionsEthanol production from steam-pretreated, acetic-acid-impregnated wheat straw through SSCF with a pentose fermenting S. cerevisiae strain was successfully demonstrated. However, the ethanol concentration was too low and the residence time too long to be suitable for large-scale applications. It is hoped that further process design focusing on the enzymatic conversion of cellulose to glucose will allow the combination of acetic acid pretreatment and co-fermentation of glucose and xylose.
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| 14. |
- Ekstrand, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Disposition and effect of intra-articularly administered dexamethasone on lipopolysaccharide induced equine synovitis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : BMC. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dexamethasone is used for the intra-articular route of administration in management of aseptic arthritis in horses. Despite its widespread use there is very little quantitative data of the disposition and response to dexamethasone. The aim of this study was to investigate and describe the synovial fluid and plasma dexamethasone concentration over time and to explore the relation between synovial fluid concentration and response using clinical endpoints as response biomarkers after IA injection of dexamethasone disodium salt solution in an equine model of synovitis.Results: Inflammation was induced in the radiocarpal joint of six horses by injection of 2ng lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Two hours later either saline or dexamethasone was injected in the same joint in a two treatment cross over design. Each horse was treated once with one of the six doses dexamethasone used (0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1 or 3mg) and once with saline. Dexamethasone was quantified by means of UHPLC-MS/MS. Dexamethasone disposition was characterised by means of a non-linear mixed effects model. Lameness was evaluated both objectively with an inertial sensor based system and subjectively scored using a numerical scale (0-5). Joint circumference, skin temperature over the joint and rectal temperature were also recorded. The LPS-challenge induced lameness in all horses with high inter-individual variability. Dexamethasone significantly decreased lameness compared with saline. Other variables were not statistically significant different between treatments. Objective lameness scoring was the most sensitive method used in this study to evaluate the lameness response. A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model was successfully fitted to experimental dexamethasone and lameness data. The model allowed characterization of the dexamethasone synovial fluid concentration-time course, the systemic exposure to dexamethasone after intra-articular administration and the concentration-response relation in an experimental model of synovitis.Conclusions: The quantitative data improve the understanding of the pharmacology of dexamethasone and might serve as input for future experiments and possibly contribute to maintain integrity of equine sports.
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| 15. |
- Gladis, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of different SSF conditions on ethanol production from corn stover at high solids loadings
- 2015
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Ingår i: Energy Science & Engineering. - : Wiley. - 2050-0505. ; 3:5, s. 481-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, three different kinds of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of washed pretreated corn stover with water-insoluble solids (WIS) content of 20% were investigated to find which one resulted in highest ethanol yield at high-solids loadings. The different methods were batch SSF, prehydrolysis followed by batch SSF and fed-batch SSF. Batch-SSF resulted in an ethanol yield of 75–76% and an ethanol concentration of 53 g/L. Prehydrolysis prior to batch SSF did not improve the ethanol yield compared with batch SSF. Fed-batch SSF, on the other hand, increased the yield, independent of the feeding conditions used (79–81%, 57–60 g/L). If the initial amount of solids during fed-batch SSF was lowered, the yield could be improved to some extent. When decreasing the enzyme dosage, the greatest decrease in yield was seen in the fed-batch mode (75%), while lower or the same yield was seen in batch mode with and without prehydrolysis (73%). This resulted in similar ethanol yields in all methods. However, the residence time to achieve the final ethanol yield was shorter using fed-batch. This shows that fed-batch can be a better alternative also at a lower enzyme loading.
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| 16. |
- Glans, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying older adults at increased risk of medication-related readmission to hospital within 30 days of discharge : development and validation of a risk assessment tool
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 13:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Developing and validating a risk assessment tool aiming to identify older adults (& GE;65 years) at increased risk of possibly medication-related readmission to hospital within 30 days of discharge.Design: Retrospective cohort study. SettingThe risk score was developed using data from a hospital in southern Sweden and validated using data from four hospitals in the mid-eastern part of Sweden.Participants: The development cohort (n=720) was admitted to hospital during 2017, whereas the validation cohort (n=892) was admitted during 2017-2018.Measures: The risk assessment tool aims to predict possibly medication-related readmission to hospital within 30 days of discharge. Variables known at first admission and individually associated with possibly medication-related readmission were used in development. The included variables were assigned points, and Youden's index was used to decide a threshold score. The risk score was calculated for all individuals in both cohorts. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (c-index) was used to measure the discrimination of the developed risk score. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were calculated using cross-tabulation.Results: The developed risk assessment tool, the Hospitalisations, Own home, Medications, and Emergency admission (HOME) Score, had a c-index of 0.69 in the development cohort and 0.65 in the validation cohort. It showed sensitivity 76%, specificity 54%, positive predictive value 29% and negative predictive value 90% at the threshold score in the development cohort.Conclusion: The HOME Score can be used to identify older adults at increased risk of possibly medication-related readmission within 30 days of discharge. The tool is easy to use and includes variables available in electronic health records at admission, thus making it possible to implement risk-reducing activities during the hospital stay as well as at discharge and in transitions of care. Further studies are needed to investigate the clinical usefulness of the HOME Score as well as the benefits of implemented activities.
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| 17. |
- Glans, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Medication-related hospital readmissions within 30 days of discharge : A retrospective study of risk factors in older adults
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that approximately 20% of hospital readmissions can be medication-related and 70% of these readmissions are possibly preventable. This retrospective medical records study aimed to find risk factors associated with medication-related readmissions to hospital within 30 days of discharge in older adults (≥65 years).METHODS: 30-day readmissions (n = 360) were assessed as being either possibly or unlikely medication-related after which selected variables were used to individually compare the two groups to a comparison group (n = 360). The aim was to find individual risk factors of possibly medication-related readmissions focusing on living arrangements, polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medication therapy, and changes made to medication regimens at initial discharge.RESULTS: A total of 143 of the 360 readmissions (40%) were assessed as being possibly medication-related. Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.15, 95%CI 1.5-1.25), excessive polypharmacy (OR 1.74, 95%CI 1.07-2.81), having adjustments made to medication dosages at initial discharge (OR 1.63, 95%CI 1.03-2.58) and living in your own home, alone, were variables identified as risk factors of such readmissions. Living in your own home, alone, increased the odds of a possibly medication-related readmission 1.69 times compared to living in your own home with someone (p-value 0.025) and 2.22 times compared to living in a nursing home (p-value 0.037).CONCLUSION: Possibly medication-related readmissions within 30 days of discharge, in patients 65 years and older, are common. The odds of such readmissions increase in comorbid, highly medicated patients living in their own home, alone, and if having medication dosages adjusted at initial discharge. These results indicate that care planning before discharge and the provision of help with, for example, managing medications after discharge, are factors especially important if aiming to reduce the amount of medication-related readmissions among this population. Further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Glans, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Obstacles and Opportunities in Information Transfer Regarding Medications at Discharge - A Focus Group Study with Hospital Physicians
- 2022
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Ingår i: Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety. - 1179-1365. ; 14, s. 61-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This qualitative study aimed to investigate experiences and perceptions of hospital physicians regarding the discharging process, focusing on information transfer regarding medications.Methods: By purposive sampling three focus groups were formed. To facilitate discussions and maintain consistency, a semi-structured interview guide was used. Discussions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the anonymized data. A confirmatory analysis concluded that the main findings were supported by data.Results: Identified obstacles were divided into three categories with two sub-categories each: Infrastructure; IT-systems currently used are suboptimal and complex. Hospital and primary care use different electronic medical records, complicating matters. The work organization is not helping with time scarcity and lack of continuity. Distinct routines could help create continuity but are not always in place, known, and/or followed. Physician: knowledge and education in the systems is not always provided nor prioritized. Understanding the consequences of not following routines and taking responsibility regarding the medications list is important. Not everyone has the self-reliance or willingness to do so. Patient/next of kin: For patients to provide information on medications used is not always easy when hospitalized. Understanding information provided can be hard, especially when medical jargon is used and there is no one available to provide support. A central theme, " We're only human", encompasses how physicians do their best despite difficult conditions. Conclusion: There are several obstacles in transferring information regarding medications at discharge. Issues regarding infrastructure are seldom possible for the individual physician to influence. However, several issues raised by the participating physicians are possible to act upon. In doing so medication errors in care transitions might decrease and information transfer at discharge might improve.
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| 20. |
- Glans, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for hospital readmission in older adults within 30 days of discharge - a comparative retrospective study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2318. ; 20:1, s. 467-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The area of hospital readmission in older adults within 30 days of discharge is extensively researched but few studies look at the whole process. In this study we investigated risk factors related, not only to patient characteristics prior to and events during initial hospitalisation, but also to the processes of discharge, transition of care and follow-up. We aimed to identify patients at most risk of being readmitted as well as processes in greatest need of improvement, the goal being to find tools to help reduce early readmissions in this population.METHODS: This comparative retrospective study included 720 patients in total. Medical records were reviewed and variables concerning patient characteristics prior to and events during initial hospital stay, as well as those related to the processes of discharge, transition of care and follow-up, were collected in a standardised manner. Either a Student's t-test, χ2-test or Fishers' exact test was used for comparisons between groups. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify variables associated with readmission.RESULTS: The final model showed increased odds of readmission in patients with a higher Charlson Co-morbidity Index (OR 1.12, p-value 0.002), excessive polypharmacy (OR 1.66, p-value 0.007) and living in the community with home care (OR 1.61, p-value 0.025). The odds of being readmitted within 30 days increased if the length of stay was 5 days or longer (OR 1.72, p-value 0.005) as well as if being discharged on a Friday (OR 1.88, p-value 0.003) or from a surgical unit (OR 2.09, p-value 0.001).CONCLUSION: Patients of poor health, using 10 medications or more regularly and living in the community with home care, are at greater risk of being readmitted to hospital within 30 days of discharge. Readmissions occur more often after being discharged on a Friday or from a surgical unit. Our findings indicate patients at most risk of being readmitted as well as discharging routines in most need of improvement thus laying the ground for further studies as well as targeted actions to take in order to reduce hospital readmissions within 30 days in this population.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Kaiserfeld, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Vid historiens gränser
- 2012
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Ingår i: Människans kunskap och kunskapen om människan: En gränslös historia. - 9789187199103 ; , s. 216-229
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 26. |
- Katchy, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Coexposure to phytoestrogens and bisphenol a mimics estrogenic effects in an additive manner
- 2014
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Ingår i: Toxicological Sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1096-6080 .- 1096-0929. ; 138:1, s. 21-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) are abundant in our environment. A number of EDCs, including bisphenol A (BPA) can bind to the estrogen receptors (ER), ERα and ERβ, and may contribute to estrogen-linked diseases such as breast cancer. Early exposure is of particular concern; many EDCs cross the placenta and infants have measurable levels of, eg, BPA. In addition, infants are frequently fed soy-based formula (SF) that contains phytoestrogens. Effects of combined exposure to xeno- and phytoestrogens are poorly studied. Here, we extensively compared to what extent BPA, genistein, and an extract of infant SF mimic estrogen-induced gene transcription and cell proliferation. We investigated ligand-specific effects on ER activation in HeLa-ERα and ERβ reporter cells; on proliferation, genome-wide gene regulation and non-ER-mediated effects in MCF7 breast cancer cells; and how coexposure influenced these effects. The biological relevance was explored using enrichment analyses of differentially regulated genes and clustering with clinical breast cancer profiles. We demonstrate that coexposure to BPA and genistein, or SF, results in increased functional and transcriptional estrogenic effects. Using statistical modeling, we determine that BPA and phytoestrogens act in an additive manner. The proliferative and transcriptional effects of the tested compounds mimic those of 17β-estradiol, and are abolished by cotreatment with an ER antagonist. Gene expression profiles induced by each compound clustered with poor prognosis breast cancer, indicating that exposure may adversely affect breast cancer prognosis. This study accentuates that coexposure to BPA and soy-based phytoestrogens results in additive estrogenic effects, and may contribute to estrogen-linked diseases, including breast cancer.
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| 27. |
- Klint, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Dying With Unrelieved Pain-Prescription of Opioids Is Not Enough
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6513 .- 0885-3924. ; 58:5, s. 1-791
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Fear of pain resonates with most people, in particular, in relation to dying. Despite this, there are still people dying with unrelieved pain.OBJECTIVES: We quantified the risk, and investigated risk factors, for dying with unrelieved pain in a nationwide observational cohort study.METHODS: Using data from Swedish Register of Palliative Care, we analyzed 161,762 expected deaths during 2011-2015. The investigated risk factors included cause of death, place of death, absence of an end-of-life (EoL) conversation, and lack of contact with pain management expertise. Modified Poisson regression models were fitted to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dying with unrelieved pain.RESULTS: Unrelieved pain during the final week of life was reported for 25% of the patients with pain, despite prescription of opioids PRN in 97% of cases. Unrelieved pain was common both among patients dying of cancer and of nonmalignant chronic diseases. Statistically significant risk factors for unrelieved pain included hospital death (RR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.79-1.88) compared with dying in specialist palliative care, absence of an EoL conversation (RR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.38-1.45), and dying of cancer in the bones (RR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.08-1.18) or lung (RR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.06-1.13) compared with nonmalignant causes.CONCLUSION: Despite almost complete prescription of opioids PRN for patients with pain, patients die with unrelieved pain. Health care providers, hospitals in particular, need to focus more on pain in dying patients. An EoL conversation is one achievable intervention.
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| 28. |
- Larrosa Pardo, Fabian, et al.
(författare)
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Prolonged opioid use after distal radius fracture
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : Wiley. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 27:7, s. 848-859
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Prolonged opioid use (more than 90 days) after injury puts the patient at risk for adverse effects. We investigated the patterns of opioid prescription after distal radius fracture and the effect of pre- and post-fracture factors on the risk for prolonged use.METHODS: This register-based cohort study uses routinely collected health care data, including purchases of prescription opioids, in the county of Skåne, Sweden. 9369 adult patients with a radius fracture diagnosed 2015-2018 were followed for one year after fracture. We calculated proportions of patients with prolonged opioid use, both in total and according to different exposures. Using modified Poisson regression, we calculated adjusted risk ratios for the following exposures: previous opioid use, mental illness, consultation for pain, surgery for distal radius fracture and occupational/ physical therapy after fracture.RESULTS: Prolonged opioid use (4-6 months after fracture) was found in 664 (7.1%) of the patients. A previous, but discontinued, regular use of opioids up to five years before fracture increased the risk compared to opioid naïve patients. Both regular and non-regular opioid use the year before fracture increased the risk. The risk was also higher for patients with mental illness, and those who were treated with surgery, we found no significant effect of pain consultation in previous year. Occupational/physical therapy lowered the risk for prolonged use.CONCLUSION: Considering history of mental illness and previous opioid use while promoting rehabilitation can be important to prevent prolonged opioid use after distal radius fracture.
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| 29. |
-
Litteraturdidaktik och känslor : LDN 2021 Konferensvolym
- 2023
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Konferensen ”Litteraturdidaktik och känslor” anordnades med hjälp av Litteraturdidaktiskt nätverk (LDN), vilket samlar forskare och praktiker från alla språkområden. Dess uppgift är att synliggöra och stärka litteraturdidaktikens ställning i skola, akademi och samhälle. De bidrag som samlats i den här volymen visar på bredden i konferensens fyra temaområden: - Litterär gestaltning, litterär stämning; Klassrumspraktiker: elevers engagemang under litteraturarbetet; Läsning, undervisning och utbildning; samt Berättande och medier: kognitiva och emotionella utmaningar - men också på hur viktiga litteraturdidaktiska frågor blivit i en tid då skönlitteraturen och läsandet ställs inför många utmaningar. Tillsammans ger bidragen en mångfasetterad bild av litterärt gestaltande av känslor och läsares möjliga känslomässiga reaktioner, liksom av de didaktiska möjligheter detta medför.
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| 30. |
- Lönnberg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of recombinant human EPO administered to horses using MAIIA lateral flow isoform test
- 2012
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 403:6, s. 1619-1628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Doping of horses with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) to illegally enhance their endurance capacity in horseracing has been reported during the last years. This leads to increased blood viscosity which can result in sudden death and is of concern for the horse welfare. Additionally, the horse can start production of rHuEPO antibodies, which cross-reacts with endogenous equine EPO and can lead to severe anaemia and even death. In this study, a novel micro-chromatographic method, EPO WGA MAIIA, has been tested for the capability in plasma and urine samples to detect administration of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, like the rHuEPO glycoprotein varieties Eprex and Aranesp, to horses. After administration of 40 IU Eprex kg −1 day −1 to seven horses during 6 days, the presence of Eprex in horse plasma was detected up to 2–5 days after last injection. In urine samples collected from two horses, Eprex was detected up to 3 days. A single injection of Aranesp (0.39 μg/kg) was detected up to 9 days in plasma and up to 8 days, the last day of testing, in the urine sample. The LC-FAIMS-MS/MS system, with 1 day reporting time, confirmed the presence of Eprex up to 1 day after last injection for six out of seven horses and the presence of Aranesp up to 5 days after last injection in plasma samples. The MAIIA system showed to be a promising tool with high sensitivity and extremely short reporting time (1 h).
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Nguyen-Vu, Trang, et al.
(författare)
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Estrogen receptor beta reduces colon cancer metastasis through a novel miR-205-PROX1 mechanism
- 2016
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Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : IMPACT JOURNALS LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 7:27, s. 42159-42171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colon cancer is a common cause of cancer death in the Western world. Accumulating evidence supports a protective role of estrogen via estrogen receptor beta (ER beta) but the mechanism of action is not known. Here, we elucidate a molecular mechanism whereby ER beta represses the oncogenic prospero homebox 1 (PROX1) through the upregulation of miR-205. We show that PROX1 is a potential target of miR-205 and that in clinical specimens from The Cancer Genome Atlas data, ER beta and miR-205 are decreased in colorectal cancer tissue compared to non-tumorous colon, while PROX1 levels are increased. Through mechanistic studies in multiple colorectal cancer cell lines, we show that ER beta upregulates miR-205, and that miR-205 targets and represses PROX1 through direct interaction with its 3' UTR. Through the generation of intestine-specific ER beta knockout mice, we establish that this pathway is correspondingly regulated in normal intestinal epithelial cells in vivo. Functionally, we demonstrate that miR-205 decreases cell proliferation and decreases migratory and invasive potential of colon cancer cells, leading to a reduction of micrometastasis in vivo. In conclusion, ER beta in both normal and cancerous colon epithelial cells upregulates miRNA-205, which subsequently reduces PROX1 through direct interaction with its 3' UTR. This results in reduced proliferative and metastatic potential of the cells. Our study proposes a novel pathway that may be exploited using ER beta-selective agonists and/or miR-205-replacement therapy in order to improve preventive and therapeutic approaches against colon cancer.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Tevell, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Flutamide metabolism in four different species in vitro and identification of flutamide metabolites in human patient urine by high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
- 2006
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Ingår i: Drug Metab Dispos. - : American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET). - 0090-9556. ; 34:6, s. 984-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new metabolic scheme of flutamide is proposed in this article. Some patients treated with flutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, have developed severe hepatic dysfunction. Toxic metabolites have been proposed to be responsible for these negative effects. In this study, the qualitative aspects of the in vitro metabolism of flutamide in liver microsomes from human, dog, pig, and rat were evaluated. A direct comparison of the flutamide metabolism in liver and prostate microsomes from pig was made, and the in vivo metabolism of flutamide was investigated in urine from orally treated prostate cancer patients. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was used for analysis. The mass spectrometer was equipped with an electrospray interface and operated in the negative ion mode. In liver microsomes from pig, dog, and rat, extensive hydroxylation of flutamide occurred. One, two, or three hydroxy groups were attached, and isomeric forms were detected for both monohydroxylated and trihydroxylated drug. In pig liver microsomes, isomers of a third metabolite, hydroxylated 4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-aniline, were also found after incubation with either flutamide or 2-hydroxyflutamide. In human liver microsomes, the pharmacologically active 2-hydroxyflutamide was the only metabolite detected. Several phase I metabolites as well as four intact phase II metabolites could be recovered from the urine samples. For the first time in humans, glucuronic acid conjugates of hydroxylated 4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-aniline, and mono- and dihydroxylated flutamide were identified, together with hydroxylated 4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-aniline conjugated with sulfate. In addition, one mercapturic acid conjugate of hydroxylated flutamide, probably formed from flutamide via a reactive intermediate, was detected.
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| 36. |
- Thrikawala, Savini, et al.
(författare)
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Triazole fungicides induce adipogenesis and repress osteoblastogenesis in zebrafish
- 2023
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Ingår i: Toxicological Sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1096-6080 .- 1096-0929. ; 193:2, s. 119-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Triazoles are a major group of azole fungicides commonly used in agriculture, and veterinary and human medicine. Maternal exposure to certain triazole antifungal medication causes congenital malformations, including skeletal malformations. We hypothesized that triazoles used as pesticides in agriculture also pose a risk of causing skeletal malformations in developing embryos. In this study, teratogenic effects of three commonly used triazoles, cyproconazole, paclobutrazol, and triadimenol, were investigated in zebrafish, Danio rerio. Exposure to the triazole fungicides caused bone and cartilage malformations in developing zebrafish larvae. Data from whole-embryo transcriptomics with cyproconazole suggested that exposure to this compound induces adipogenesis while repressing skeletal development. Confirming this finding, the expression of selected bone and cartilage marker genes were significantly downregulated with triazoles exposure as determined by quantitative PCR. The expression of selected adipogenic genes was upregulated by the triazoles. Furthermore, exposure to each of the three triazoles induced adipogenesis and lipid droplet formation in vitro in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cells. In vivo in zebrafish larvae, cyproconazole exposure caused lipid accumulation. These results suggest that exposure to triazoles promotes adipogenesis at the expense of skeletal development, and thus they expand the chemical group of bona fide bone to fat switchers.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Wallenberg Bondesson, Maria, 1973-
(författare)
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Religiösa konflikter i norra Hälsingland 1630-1800
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation deals with religious conflict in a number of local communities of Sweden during early modern times, i.e. from 1630 to 1800. Religious conflict, in my understanding, comprises all kinds of conflicts in which the religious element is essential. The area of investigation in the dissertation is the northern part of the county of northern Hälsingland in northern Sweden. It is an area of particular interest in this context, since it featured a multitude of religious conflicts during early modern times. For the area and period of time under consideration here, the study of religious conflicts entails a study of three phenomena: major community conflicts in connection with outbreaks of witchcraze; major community conflicts during religious revivals; and minor conflicts, such as individual court cases involving witchcraft or blasphemy.The purpose of the dissertation is understand the pattern of such religious conflicts in northern Hälsingland in its local context. The local perspective is central and has also made me direct my interests towards the prelude to and aftermath of the conflicts in question.Particularly the latter has, to a large part, been neglected in earlier research. Theoretically the dissertation is inspired by the theoretical discussions of social scientist Walter Korpi. He maintains that identifying the distribution of power resources in society is essential to understanding conflict. This has proved to be a fruitful approach to the understanding of local, religious conflict in northern Hälsingland and I have been able interpret the witchcraze of the 1670s and the religious revivals in the latter part of the 18th century as the results of changes in power relations in the local community.The major community religious conflicts of northern Hälsingland – i.e. the conflicts during the witchcraze and the religious revivals -- were serious local traumas. The dissertationhas also dealt with the aftermath of these conflicts, and the result does, among other things, emphasize the importance of honour in early modern society. Those accused during the witch trials of the 1670´s fought extensively for their right to attend communion together with the other members of their congregation -- a struggle to a large part due to the fact that taking part of the communion together with other honourable people could serve to restore their honour and reintegrate them in society.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Williams, Cecilia, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Gestational bisphenol A exposure and testis development
- 2014
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Ingår i: Endocrine disruptors. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2327-3747. ; 2:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Virtually all humans are exposed to bisphenol A (BPA). Since BPA can act as a ligand for estrogen receptors, potential hazardous effects of BPA should be evaluated in the context of endogenous estrogenic hormones. Because estrogen is metabolized in the placenta, developing fetuses are normally exposed to very low endogenous estrogen levels. BPA, on the other hand, passes through the placenta and might have distinct adverse consequences during the sensitive stages of fetal development. Testicular gametogenesis and steroidogenesis begin early during fetal development. These processes are sensitive to estrogens and play a role in determining the number of germ stem cells, sperm count, and male hormone levels in adulthood. Although studies have shown a correlation between BPA exposure and perturbed reproduction, a clear consensus has yet to be established as to whether current human gestational BPA exposure results in direct adverse effects on male genital development and reproduction. However, studies in animals and in vitro have provided direct evidence for the ability of BPA exposure to influence male reproductive development. This review discusses the current knowledge of potential effects of BPA exposure on male reproductive health and whether gestational exposure adversely affects testis development.
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