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- Björk, Maria, 1978-
(författare)
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Problemet utan namn? : Neuroser, stress och kön i Sverige från 1950 till 1980
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Focusing on Sweden between 1950 and 1980, this doctoral dissertation analyzes and problematizes the process in which a discourse about neurosis and nervous troubles gradually evolved into a discourse about stress. The thesis aims to show how the medical and general discussion about diffuse or vague symptoms transformed and rearticulated ideas and views on society and man, citizenship, gender roles, and medicine. It shows how the discourse on neuroses tended to locate sickness and deviance in the individual, whereas its subsequent transformation into a discourse on stress located the pathological in an external, societal sphere.A particularly prominent issue in the study concerns the role that gender, and in particular female gender, has played in these discourses, and how the place of the feminine can be understood in relation to stress and neuroses. The dissertation shows that female gender was not central to the discourse on neuroses and stress during the studied period. On the contrary, gender was subordinated to ideas about man and citizenship within the greater context of society and culture.The dissertation takes its starting point in the Swedish 1950’s, often characterized as the era of ”The Strong Society” or ”The People’s Home”. During this period, the neurosis discourse was fixed and remained unchanged. In practice, neurosis was a diagnosis that provided such symptoms that were otherwise difficult to measure and assess with a theory of origin. Neuroses were believed to principally affect a certain category of individuals, who, due to their constitution or disposition, were held to be particularly susceptible to neurotic sufferings.During the 1960s the belief in The Strong Society and its notion of ideal citizenship began to crumble. It was against this background that the Swedish medical profession started discussing ”stress”. Stress, in contrast, could afflict anyone and everyone, according to “the father of stress” Hans Selye and Swedish stress researchers. Stress was assumed to be a potential cause of ”nervous troubles” and disease, but was never considered to be a disease in itself. The concept of the individual as a citizen now gave way for the notion of the individual as a primarily biological organism. Within the stress discourse in the 1960s, the primacy of the universal normal (male) man was a recurring focal point.In the 1970s, the stress researchers distanced themselves from Selyes’ concept of stress by focusing on individual factors. In the discussion about stress during the 1970s, the ”constitutionally weak” individual of the 1950s and the biological organism of the 1960s blended into a hybrid construction of a unique, biological individual.
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| 2. |
- Bondestam, Fredrik, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual harassment in higher education–a systematic review
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Higher Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2156-8235 .- 2156-8243. ; 10:4, s. 397-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sexual harassment is an epidemic throughout global higher education systems and impact individuals, groups and entire organizations in profound ways. Precarious working conditions, hierarchical organizations, a normalization of gender-based violence, toxic academic masculinities, a culture of silence and a lack of active leadership are all key features enabling sexual harassment. The aim of this study is to review scientific knowledge on sexual harassment in higher education. A thematic focus is on (a) knowledge derived from top-ranked peer-reviewed articles in the research field, (b) the prevalence of sexual harassment among students and staff, (c) reported consequences of sexual harassment, (d) examples of primary, secondary and tertiary preventive measures, and (e) core challenges to research on sexual harassment in higher education. The published research evidence suggests several findings of importance, mainly: (a) prevalence of sexual harassment among students is reported by on average one out of four female students; (b) severe consequences of sexual harassment impacts individuals but the effects on the quality in research and education is unknown; (c) there is almost no evidence supporting the supposed effects of major preventive measures; and (d) research on sexual harassment in higher education lacks theoretical, longitudinal, qualitative and intersectional approaches and perspectives. © 2020, © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 3. |
- Bondestam, Fredrik, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Sexuella trakasserier i akademin — en internationell forskningsöversikt
- 2018
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna forskningsöversikt kartlägger hur forskningen definierar sexuella trakasserier och sexualiserat våld. Den visar också vad forskningen vet om hur många som utsätts för dessa trakasserier i akademin, vilka som utsätts, vilka som utsätter andra för sexuella trakasserier – när, var och varför. Författarna har undersökt litteratur, referat av befintlig forskning och kortare analytiska nedslag. Det har gett en bild av ett angeläget forskningsfält och ett stort brett och diversifierat kunskapsområde. Författarna menar att översikten gestaltar ett problem som till sin form, sitt innehåll och sina konsekvenser är en av de främsta utmaningarna även för arbets- och studiemiljö i akademin.
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| 4. |
- Bondestam, Maja
(författare)
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An Education : Johannes Schefferus and the Prodigious Son of a Fisherman
- 2020
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Ingår i: Exceptional Bodies in Early Modern Culture. - : Amsterdam University Press. - 978 94 6372 174 5 ; , s. 141-161
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this essay, the value of monsters and prodigies is examined in relation to seventeenth-century learned reflection and the German-Swedish intellectual Johannes Schefferus. Earlier research on the positive meaning of wonders has highlighted the Augustinian tradition of reading prodigious bodies as reminders of God's presence. Schefferus himself emphasized a cultural heritage in which strange and thought-provoking bodies were considered educational and morally enhancing. A monstrous birth and a boy with a prodigious appearance thus functioned as a teacher of virtue, a guiding example and an object of contemplation. For Schefferus, this pedagogical and moral potential was the reason why such a body should be displayed and remembered through museums, histories, books and images.
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- Bondestam, Maja
(författare)
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Hur läses en kropp utan själ?
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Inom/utom. - Malmköping : Exempla förlag. - 9789198331981 ; , s. 31-37
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
- Bondestam, Maja
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Exceptional Bodies in Early Modern Culture. - : Amsterdam University Press. - 978 94 6372 174 5 ; , s. 11-36
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 13. |
- Bondestam, Maja
(författare)
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Monster
- 2022
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Ingår i: Svenska begreppshistorier. - Stockholm : Fri tanke. - 9789189139329 ; , s. 419-441
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Bondestam, Maja, 1970-
(författare)
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Om skägg, politik och behärskad manlighet
- 2008
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Ingår i: En ny sits : humaniora i förvandling. - Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ; , s. 211-219
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Ek, Imelda Helena, 1982-
(författare)
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Erotic Insanity : Sex and psychiatry at Vadstena asylum, Sweden 1849-1878
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The early nineteenth century saw the emergence of institutional psychiatry across Europe. Aware that Sweden had fallen behind in this development, Parliament decreed in 1823 that a number of specialised institutions for the care of the insane were to be established. The Vadstena asylum, opened in 1826, was the first such institution in Sweden. The aim of this study is to examine medical interpretation of and responses to erotic behaviour in psychiatric practice at the Vadstena asylum in the period 1849-1878.The book places the theme of the erotic, a topical subject in nineteenth-century public debate, in the context of psychiatry as an emerging specialty in Sweden. The book explores how erotic behaviour was conceptualised as disease, and the nature of therapeutic intervention in erotic cases, in order to present a more nuanced image of nineteenth-century medical attitudes to sexuality. By highlighting the superintendency of physician Ludvig Magnus Hjertstedt, and linking his account of an 1845 study tour through Europe to medical practice at Vadstena, the study situates responses to erotic patients in a period when psychiatry claims authority over human sexuality. In methodological terms, the study applies critical questions inspired by revisionist scholarship to a body of empirical source material. Focusing on a single institution, and conducting in-depth readings of case notes – with regard to language, form, and function – allows the study to highlight the everyday practice of the asylum physician in his encounters with male and female erotic patients, including the use, importance and diagnostic integrity of the concepts nymphomania, erotomania and masturbation. Hjertstedt’s travel journal provides insight into the physician’s medical philosophy, informing the analysis of diagnostic and interpretive procedures, while connecting medical practice at Vadstena to its European paragons. The results indicate that while the use of specific diagnostic terms to describe erotic behaviour was infrequent, therapeutic and managerial intervention shows that sexual acts and expressions of desire were considered disturbing and dangerous symptoms in both male and female patients. The analysis thus makes visible a gap between psychiatric theory and asylum practice, emphasising uncertainties and complexities inherent in the latter. While erotic behaviour could be considered indicative of illness, it might also be interpreted as a lack of character or a result of insufficient moral instruction. The asylum’s regime of work and moral instruction was designed to restore health as well as sound values and appropriate behaviour in its patients, indicating a medical culture at Vadstena which was both curative and normalising.
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| 25. |
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Exceptional Bodies in Early Modern Culture : Concepts of Monstrosity Before the Advent of the Normal
- 2020. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on a rich array of textual and visual primary sources, including medicine, satires, play scripts, dictionaries, natural philosophy, and texts on collecting wonders, this book provides a fresh perspective on monstrosity in early modern European culture. The essays explore how exceptional bodies challenged social, religious, sexual and natural structures and hierarchies in the sixteenth, seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries and contributed to its knowledge, moral and emotional repertoire. Prodigious births, maternal imagination, hermaphrodites, collections of extraordinary things, powerful women, disabilities, controversial exercise, shapeshifting phenomena and hybrids are examined in a period before all varieties and differences became normalized to a homogenous standard. The historicizing of exceptional bodies is central in the volume since it expands our understanding of early modern culture and deepens our knowledge of its specific ways of conceptualizing singularities, rare examples, paradoxes, rules and conventions in nature and society.
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| 26. |
- Helmius, Agneta, 1960-
(författare)
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Mode och hushåll : Om formandet av kön och media i frihetstidens svenska små- och veckoskrifter
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis, Fashion and the household: The formation of media and gender in 18th Century Swedish periodicals and pamphlets, deals with the formation of media and gender in 18th Century Sweden using fashion and the household as themes of discussion and gender as an analytical category. The material used consists of periodicals, small prints and series of pamphlets published from the 1730s to the 1770s in Sweden, and one engraving showing five housewives beating a husband on his bare buttocks printed in 1755. According to both writers of that time and to earlier research these periodicals and pamphlets, printed in small editions and circulated mostly in the capital of Stockholm, meant a breakthrough for a new public discourse. One aim is to study how gender was used, discussed and constructed in this new media. Another aim is to study how gender was used to create modern forward looking identities. Of particular interest in this new media is the debate on modernity and how it brought about new views on modern society including both gender relations and the construction of public and private spheres. The public discourse fostered a debate on the privatization of the household.The perspective chosen is meant to show how gender was used differently, on different levels by both male and female writers depending on purpose or agenda and sometimes in opposition to the described changes taking place. Gender could be used both benevolently and with hostility.By using gender as analytical category the public discourse studied in this thesis is decoded showing how both society and the public discourse, simultaneously, were gendered in new ways. It presents a debate of modernity on the threshold to modernity, and a debate on the exploitation of private vices and the privatization or marginalization of the household, later to be described as a division of private and public spheres.
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- Maja, Bondestam, 1970-
(författare)
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Efterord
- 2023
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Ingår i: <em>Sjuka kvinnor</em>. - Stockholm : Albert Bonniers Förlag. - 9789100197100
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Maja, Bondestam, 1970-
(författare)
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Härligt! : SAOB som idéhistorisk källa
- 2024
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Ingår i: <em>SAOB</em>. - Stockholm : Norstedts Förlag. - 9789113135878
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Nordström, Kristina, 1979-
(författare)
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Det sanna snillet : Genus och geni hos Thomas Thorild
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the eighteenth century, the word genius acquired a new meaning – that of extraordinary endowment – and started to be used to denote a particular type of superior human being. Author and philosopher Thomas Thorild (1759–1808) introduced this new concept in Sweden. The present thesis examines gender aspects concerning this exclusive identity, with the purpose of analysing how gender interacts with social status, age and ethnicity in the construction of the concept of genius in the writings of Thorild. The thesis examines the extent to which concepts relating to masculinity and femininity are involved in the definitional conflicts regarding genius and the significance that other identity categories have in these contexts. My focus is on the Swedish word snille, the word most commonly used for genius during this period.The analysis shows that Thorild describes the genius as both manly and womanly. He relates to the different ways of understanding gender that were available in the transition from an older conception of gender and identity to a more modern one. When Thorild describes the genius as manly, he understands manliness in terms of ideal humanity and maturity. When he describes the genius as womanly, or rather resembling women, he relates to another, more modern way of perceiving gender by emphasising two different gender categories. There is a difference between the concept of manliness, where gender interacts with age, and the woman–man gender division, in which gender is constructed in relation to social status and ethnicity. The genius combines the classical manly virtue that emphasises autonomy, forceful action, civic duty and political responsibility with a new feminine moral ideal that prioritises peaceful, social coexistence in civil society. The concept of genius not only contributes to the establishment of a conception of the individual as an autonomous subject, but also relates to the ways in which this individual is expected to work for the good of humanity.
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| 35. |
- Paulsson Holmberg, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Ambiguous and transitional bodies: Stillbirth in Stockholm 1691–1724
- 2020
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Ingår i: Exceptional Bodies in Early Modern Europe : Concepts of Monstosity before the Advent of the Normal - Concepts of Monstosity before the Advent of the Normal. - : Amsterdam University Press. - 978 94 6372 174 5 - 9789048552375 ; , s. 163-184
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birth is a dangerous and dynamic event resulting in new life, as well as in death and loss. As distinct as the birth transition may seem, it remains essentially a process. The term ‘perinatal’ defines the phase beginning in late pregnancy when the fetus has potential to survive the delivery, and ending, roughly, seven days after birth, demarcating the period when the child gradually emerges and stabilizes itself in the world of the living.This chapter explores the exceptional and strange bodies of early modern perinatal children from the perspective of liminality and loss. Fetal and infant growth and separation...
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| 36. |
- Sjödin Lindenskoug, Susanna, 1971-
(författare)
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Manlighetens bortre gräns : tidelagsrättegångar i Livland åren 1685-1709
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There were many ways of bordering manliness during the historical period covered by my research. Borders have been metaphorically understood as those invisible, often non-enunciated limits that have safeguarded manliness. There were borders separating masculinity from femininity and from childishnes, but there is also a more distant border, separating masculinity from the bestial. The term un-manliness is a useful concept for this analysis, for it can be used to illuminate the different ways in which masculinity has been interrogated. The concept can also be used in comparative analyses of how tolerance towards men deviating from ideas of ideal masculinity has differed according to situation and culture. It has been my ambition to elucidate the particular attitudes, values, customs, knowledge and requirements that influenced the view of masculinity at both individual and the group level. The clearest-cut aspects of manliness and un-manliness expressed in court proceedings were those having to do with sexuality, relations within the household, and the subordinate and dominant masculinities displayed by different court-room actors. The latter, in turn, reflected contemporary social structures, including the social gap that divided the Livonian peasantry’s serfs or former serfs from the ruling Baltic-German elite. Records from the court proceedings have shown the subordinate masculinity of the defendants, subordinate not only to that of the officers of the court but to that of the witnesses. This subordination was an inevitable consequence of the nature of the accusations, regardless of whether they were deemed well-founded or false. The defendants were placed in a situation where they were forced constantly to be on the alert, ready to defend themselves and show their best sides. As a result, they would often give extremely clear expression to their views of proper masculinity. Such actors stressed, consciously or unconsciously, certain manly traits and behaviour patterns that characterised themselves and others. Their arguments provide insights into what they thought of each other and how they conceived a man should generally be, behave and act in different situations. By the same token, they clearly showed what kinds of behaviours were considered undesirable or outright unmanly. The positioning of the borders of manliness was linked both to time and to space. Deviations have helped different societies set the borders for what they considered acceptable behaviour. There was a clear cultural and geographical border between Sweden as such, and the Swedish province Livonia. This emerges clearly when one compares Livonian results with earlier studies on bestiality in Sweden. This shows that the view of manliness and the tolerance towards certain kinds of behaviour changed as one moved East.
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