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| 2. |
- Boork, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Activity-based offices : Synergies and trade-offs between energy efficiency and employees' work environment
- 2019
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Ingår i: Eceee Summer Study Proceedings. - : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy. ; , s. 1499-1504
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy use in office buildings is significant. At the same time, more than half of the Swedish office buildings were erected before 1970, which means that extensive refurbishments and new establishments are expected. Requirements on efficiency in terms of costs, space and energy use are then usually high. To achieve both energy efficient buildings and stimulating workplaces, there is a trend towards the implementation of activity-based offices. The activity-based workplace is structured to fit the employees' work tasks and may give an impression of stimulating employees' creativity. However, studies show that the work environment does not suit everyone. Instead, mainly managers and employees who frequently interact with others are supported by activity-based working. Practical examples indicate that the efficiency of buildings may affect the employees´ wellbeing and work environment negatively - i.e. aspects linked to social sustainability. Nevertheless, knowledge on synergies and trade-offs between environmental and social sustainability goals is limited regarding the workplace in energy efficient buildings. It has for instance been shown previously that studies on green buildings mainly focus on environmental sustainability aspects, while the social dimension is basically lacking. This includes aspects of physical and psychological well-being. Still, understanding the interaction between different sustainability dimensions is crucial for implementing sustainability work in practice. The study presented in this paper is part of an ongoing Swedish research project exploring the consequences of energy efficient office buildings on the employees' work environment based on case studies and literature. This paper presents a literature review of scientific papers on the topic and describes the outline of the case studies to be executed during spring 2019. It is concluded that scientific literature focusing on both energy efficiency and work environment at the activity-based workplace is scarce. Still, to ensure that environmental benefits are not realized at the expense of the employees' well-being, it is highly important to further explore potential synergies and trade-offs between social and environmental sustainability factors.
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| 3. |
- Boork, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Bright Communication : Belysningskommunikation med fokus på perception och energi
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to promote an efficient use of energyfor lighting, while putting the user's perception and light comfort in focus,this project has developed methods and tools to communicate light and lighting.To ensure that light environments are designed from a user perspective,existing definitions of light quality, which are mainly based on technicalterms, have been supplemented with concepts and definitions of visual and emotionalcharacter of light. The lighting industry and professional purchasers have beeninvolved in all phases of the project in order to develop methods and toolsthat are well-grounded and applicable by different actors involved in theprocess from light planning to the implementation of lighting environments. Lighting accounts for a significant part of the total energy use in buildings,about 20 per cent for households and 40 per cent for premises. The energysaving potential is thus high. Moreover, Europe is facing a shift towards moreenergy efficient lighting as a result of both regulations and technologydevelopment. Still, Swedish consumers tend to prefer incandescent light, as itis perceived to provide better comfort compared to modern light sources.Therefore, in order to motivate property owners and consumers to convert tomore energy-efficient products, it is necessary to focus more on the visual andemotional qualities of light. Today, however, knowledge, concepts and tools to communicateand measure visual light quality are lacking. This challenge has been the motivationand starting point for the development of methods for assessing objective andsubjective light qualities for light sources, luminaires and light environmentswithin this project and to translate the results into tools targeting theindustry. The project has developed a draft communication tool based on the humanperception of light quality. The tool aims to constitute a neutralcommunication point and to supports both the lighting industry and professionalpurchaser, and thus also the end user. By reducing misunderstandings andincreasing the consensus between actors in different parts of the process fromlight planning to implementation, the tool is expected to promote lightenvironments that are both energy-efficient and provide attractive perceptionand comfort.
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| 5. |
- Boork, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Innemiljö i nytt ljus : metoder för objektiv bedömning av belysning
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nuvarande belysningsstandarder baseras enbart på tekniska krav, såsom ljusstyrka, jämnhet och luminans. Att även inkludera upplevelsebaserade krav skulle troligen främja bättre ljuskomfort, men även mer energieffektiva ljusmiljöer och produkter. Kunskapen om hur upplevda belysningsparametrar kan beskrivas är dock begränsad. Detta hämmar fastighetsägare och brukare att precisera önskvärda ljusmiljöer, liksom belysningstillverkare att utveckla produkter för nya marknader och tillämpningar. Syftet med detta forskningsprojekt var att utveckla och tillämpa sensoriska metoder på belysning. Till skillnad från tidigare metoder möjliggör sensoriska metoder objektiva bedömningar av upplevda belysningsparametrar.En analytisk panel bestående av åtta personer som uppfyller särskilda urvalskriterier rekryterades och tränades att bedöma belysningsprodukter i ett multisensoriskt laboratorium på SP Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut i Borås. Metodutvecklingen fokuserade särskilt på en effektiv träningsprocedur, hantering av ögats adaption, samt bedömning av färg och skuggningar. Förutom laboratorie-försök undersöktes möjligheten att genomföra analytiska bedömningar i en verklig kontext med samma försöksuppställning och panel.Resultaten visar att det är möjligt att använda sensorisk metodik för att genomföra objektiva belysningsbedömningar av armaturer; paneldeltagarna kunde skilja mellan attribut och prover. Signifikanta skillnader identifierades mellan de olika armaturerna, både i form av sensoriska och fysikaliska egenskaper såsom läsbarhet och bländning. Fysikaliska och sensoriska parametrar samvarierar dock inte alltid, vilket visar att fysikaliska och sensoriska mätningar ger kompletterande information om belysningskvalitet. Vidare visade bedömningsförsök i en verklig kontext att samma resultat uppnåddes som i laboratoriet, men med lägre signifikans, vilket verifierar metodens tillämpbarhet på belysning.Den genererade kunskapen väntas på sikt bidra till utveckling av verktyg som stödjer kommunikationen mellan olika professioner inom ljusdesign och planering och på så vis främja mer önskvärda och energieffektiva ljusmiljöer.
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| 6. |
- Boork, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Innemiljö i nytt ljus : Metoder för objektiv bedömning av belysning
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nuvarande belysningsstandarder baseras enbart på tekniska krav, såsom ljusstyrka, jämnhet och luminans. Att även inkludera upplevelsebaserade krav skulle troligen främja bättre ljuskomfort, men även mer energieffektiva ljusmiljöer och produkter. Kunskapen om hur upplevda belysningsparametrar kan beskrivas är dock begränsad. Detta hämmar fastighetsägare och brukare att precisera önskvärda ljusmiljöer, liksom belysningstillverkare att utveckla produkter för nya marknader och tillämpningar. Syftet med detta forskningsprojekt var att utveckla och tillämpa sensoriska metoder på belysning. Till skillnad från tidigare metoder möjliggör sensoriska metoder objektiva bedömningar av upplevda belysningsparametrar.En analytisk panel bestående av åtta personer som uppfyller särskilda urvalskriterier rekryterades och tränades att bedöma belysningsprodukter i ett multisensoriskt laboratorium på SP Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut i Borås. Metodutvecklingen fokuserade särskilt på en effektiv träningsprocedur, hantering av ögats adaption, samt bedömning av färg och skuggningar. Förutom laboratorie-försök undersöktes möjligheten att genomföra analytiska bedömningar i en verklig kontext med samma försöksuppställning och panel.Resultaten visar att det är möjligt att använda sensorisk metodik för att genomföra objektiva belysningsbedömningar av armaturer; paneldeltagarna kunde skilja mellan attribut och prover. Signifikanta skillnader identifierades mellan de olika armaturerna, både i form av sensoriska och fysikaliska egenskaper såsom läsbarhet och bländning. Fysikaliska och sensoriska parametrar samvarierar dock inte alltid, vilket visar att fysikaliska och sensoriska mätningar ger kompletterande information om belysningskvalitet. Vidare visade bedömningsförsök i en verklig kontext att samma resultat uppnåddes som i laboratoriet, men med lägre signifikans, vilket verifierar metodens tillämpbarhet på belysning.Den genererade kunskapen väntas på sikt bidra till utveckling av verktyg som stödjer kommunikationen mellan olika professioner inom ljusdesign och planering och på så vis främja mer önskvärda och energieffektiva ljusmiljöer.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Boork, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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OfficeWise : Energy feedback in office workplaces
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings for ECEEE Summer study on Energy Efficiency 2015. - : ECEEE. - 9789198048278 - 9789198048261
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the approach, progress and intermediate results from a project on energy feedback in office workplaces. A system of three prototypes for energy visualization targeting office workers has been designed and implemented in an office workplace. Feedback is given both on individual basis (in a PC application) and on accumulated basis (on a screen in the reception and by an ambient representation in shape of a chandelier in the lunch room). A measurement system provides detailed data on individual electricity use, temperature, ventilation and presence. The project aims at engaging office workers to more energy efficient behaviour at work by supplying tools to raise the awareness and ability to take action, but also to implement energy feedback in organizational processes. The main goal is permanent behavioural changes, resulting in 50 % electricity reduction in individual office rooms. The project is built on a multidisciplinary and participatory approach. The visualization tools were designed and constructed in collaboration with the office workers, using interviews, culture probes, co-creation workshops etc. Designing new organizational strategies and action plans will include further workshops and co-creation with staff and management. In spring 2014, a one week challenge was conducted among the office workers to make a first estimation of the energy saving potential. The results show an average reduction of 32 percent compared to a representative ‘normal’ week. On an annual basis, the savings correspond to 65 kWh per office room or 17 percent of the total electricity use. In general, the participants found the challenge interesting and took the opportunity to look over their habits. Everyone claimed they changed their behaviour in one way or another, but also that some habits were not worth the effort. Throughout the project, office workers have stressed that the management lack focus on and appreciation for energy efficiency. The next step is therefore to analyse how energy feedback can be implemented in organizational processes to achieve long-term changes in energy-related routines and behaviour.
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| 12. |
- Boork, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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R(e)flect: The reflective teaching material about energy, behaviour and product development
- 2014
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Ingår i: CSEDU 2014 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computer Supported Education. - : SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications. - 9789897580215 ; , s. 336-341
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- R(e)flect is a tangible curriculum kit for students age 10-15 to reflect on energy behaviour and make better informed choices about energy use. Along with web-based material, the kit includes a minicomputer, smart plugs (sensors), and an electricity visualization tool especially designed to be used in the classroom to conduct experiments and measurements, perform project work in product development, and increase the understanding of the kWh concept. The curriculum is closely connected to the new Swedish National curriculum and supplies the teachers with appropriate support for assessment of different skills. The project was initiated in 2011 and a first version of the curriculum was tested and evaluated with students and teachers. The feedback from this trial influenced the second iteration of the kit. The new version will be tested in at least 20 schools during the spring of 2014 and this second phase will continue until 2015. The physical r(e)flect material can be borrowed by teachers free of charge, and the web-based platform is open and accessible to anyone.
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| 13. |
- Boork, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Sensory evaluation of lighting : a methodological pilot
- 2020
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Ingår i: LEUKOS The Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. - 1550-2724 .- 1550-2716. ; , s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current standards for light environments are based on technical requirements, e.g. luminance, uniformity, and illuminance, and do not necessarily describe all parts of the light experience to ensure visual comfort from a user perspective. Including experience-related requirements would most likely yield better lighting comfort. To do that, new methods for specifying and measuring the user experience are needed. This paper describes a pilot study exploring a new method to analytically assess perceived lighting properties by using a trained human panel and thus make human assessments more objective. The methodology is built on established sensory methods, where the human senses are used in product assessments, traditionally applied within e.g. the food, packaging, and car industries. An analytical panel comprising eight persons fulfilling specific selection criteria were recruited and trained to assess lighting products in a multi-sensory laboratory. The results show that the panelists were able to assess lighting by distinguishing between attributes and products. Significant differences were identified between the different luminaires, both in terms of sensory and physical properties, e.g. read ability and glare. Conclusively, analytical sensory methods can be applied to lighting to assess luminaires in a non-subjective way. Physical and sensory attributes do not, however, always co-vary, which shows that data from physical and sensory measuring methods provide complementary information about light quality. This knowledge may in turn be applied in tools supporting the communication between different professions in lighting design and procurement to promote light environments that are both energy efficient and desirable from an end-user perspective.
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| 14. |
- Boork, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Sensory Evaluation of Lighting : A Methodological Pilot
- 2022
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Ingår i: LEUKOS The Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 1550-2724 .- 1550-2716. ; 18:1, s. 66-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current standards for light environments are based on technical requirements, e.g. luminance, uniformity, and illuminance, and do not necessarily describe all parts of the light experience to ensure visual comfort from a user perspective. Including experience-related requirements would most likely yield better lighting comfort. To do that, new methods for specifying and measuring the user experience are needed. This paper describes a pilot study exploring a new method to analytically assess perceived lighting properties by using a trained human panel and thus make human assessments more objective. The methodology is built on established sensory methods, where the human senses are used in product assessments, traditionally applied within e.g. the food, packaging, and car industries. An analytical panel comprising eight persons fulfilling specific selection criteria were recruited and trained to assess lighting products in a multi-sensory laboratory. The results show that the panelists were able to assess lighting by distinguishing between attributes and products. Significant differences were identified between the different luminaires, both in terms of sensory and physical properties, e.g. readability and glare. Conclusively, analytical sensory methods can be applied to lighting to assess luminaires in a non-subjective way. Physical and sensory attributes do not, however, always co-vary, which shows that data from physical and sensory measuring methods provide complementary information about light quality. This knowledge may in turn be applied in tools supporting the communication between different professions in lighting design and procurement to promote light environments that are both energy efficient and desirable from an end-user perspective.
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| 15. |
- Boork, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Solbruket: Batterilager för ökad solelproduktion i det moderna lantbruket
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The potential for solar power production in the Swedish agriculture is significant but is highly limited by the capacity in the low-voltage grid. The use of battery storages may be a possibility to increase the self-consumption of solar power and reduce the power exchange to the grid, and thereby avoid expensive grid reinforcements.In order to build knowledge about both technical and user-related possibilities and challenges with grid-connected battery storages for Swedish farms with PV, RISE and Vattenfall have built a pilot plant on a farm in Hälsingland and conducted two sociotechnical studies with interviews and questionnaires concerning obstacles, drivers and benefits associated with battery storages, as they are perceived by Swedish farmers at present.The results point at a number of challenges for battery storages to become an attractive investment for farmers, which include:- Reliability: lifetime and performance of the battery technology is unclear.- Economy: profit versus investment costs.- Long-term storage: seasonal storage of energy is perceived as more attractive than short-term storage.- Supporting backup power: an added value that may motivate higher investment costs.- Climate and environmental benefits: important aspects that are unclear for the present battery technology.These challenges need to be addressed in technical system solutions, services and business models in order to motivate this particular group to invest in battery storages to complement their existing PV power plants.The results from the pilot plant also points at a number of practical benefits and possibilities associated with the system solution. Apart from creating value by cutting power peaks and enable increased self-consumption of solar power, the farmers appreciate the increased convenience provided by the batteries. Since the battery storage cuts the highest power peaks and thereby reduces the risk of local power failures, it is no longer crucial when in time power-consuming equipment is used. This offers a new flexibility in the daily routines. The main economic benefit raised by the farmers is the possibility of a lower fuse subscription.The results from Solbruket provide increased knowledge about farmers with PV and how battery storages can create value for the specific target group. This knowledge can be used by product and services developers to develop attractive technical solutions, services and business models targeting the specific market. However, it is crucial to keep in mind that the battery technology is perceived as immature, and that an investment is regarded as a significant risk. Only when there is balance between technical maturity and investment costs, it is reasonable for the consumer to consider different business models.
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| 19. |
- Carolina, Hiller, et al.
(författare)
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User-Centric Measures of the Perceived Light Qualities of Lighting Products
- 2023
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Ingår i: Emerging Science Journal. - : Ital Publication. - 2610-9182. ; 7:2, s. 609-628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, lighting planning is predominantly determined by the need to meet physically measurable requirements that are often based on current lighting standards. However, meeting the minimum technical requirements of the standards is no guarantee for a visually appealing light environment. Instead, requirements based on perceived light qualities also need to be included to achieve better user comfort. Taking perception-based qualities into consideration when creating a light environment is, for many, not an easy task. In addition, a common terminology for perceived light qualities is currently lacking, both in industry and in research. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to explore how perceived light qualities of white light sources can be described when employing user-centric measures. The focus was on the qualities of light colour and diffuse and distinct light since these qualities have a great impact on the visual impression of light. The perception was assessed by applying analytical sensory analysis to lighting products, a method found to be promising in previous work. The methodology is based on analytical measurement by the human senses, which is particularly valuable when developing a general terminology. Since sensory analysis is still quite new to the topic of lighting, the applicability of using the methodology to assess lighting in a real context was also investigated. The results of the studies showed that the perception of light qualities can be described using further concepts in addition to those currently used. For light colour, the concepts of reddish, bluish, yellowish, and greenish light colours proved suitable for providing a richer description of the quality. The concepts of diffuse and distinct light satisfactorily captured variations in light contrast produced by shadows, reflections, and sparkles. In addition, the studies revealed that analytical sensory analysis was applicable for assessing the perception of lighting in a real-world context. The latter means that knowledge gained in the laboratory can be translated into real environments. The user-centric measures investigated in this paper have contributed to the terminology related to perceived light qualities. These can complement the physical measures in lighting planning to promote light environments that are not only energy efficient and meet technical requirements, but also cater for increased user comfort. © 2023 by the authors.
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| 20. |
- Lane, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Barriers, driving forces and non-energy benefits for battery storage in photovoltaic (PV) systems in modern agriculture
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 12:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Battery storage has been highlighted as one way to increase the share of renewables in energy systems. The use of local battery storage is also beneficial when reducing power variations in the grid, thereby contributing to more robust and cost-effective energy systems. The purpose of this paper is to investigate barriers, drivers and non-energy benefits (NEB) for investments in battery storage in photovoltaic systems (PV) in the context of farmers with PV systems in Sweden. The study is based on a questionnaire about barriers, driving forces and NEB for investment in battery storage connected to PV. The questionnaire was sent to farmers in Sweden who already have photovoltaics installed and about 100 persons answered, a response rate of 59%. The major barriers found are related to the technical and economic risks of investing in battery storage. One of the main conclusions is that the highest-ranked driver, i.e., to use a larger part of the produced electricity oneself, turns out to be the highest priority for the grid-owner seeking to reduce the need for extensive investments in the grid. The primary NEBs found were the possibility of becoming independent from grid electricity. © 2019 by the authors.
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| 28. |
- Warneryd, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Affärsmodeller för solcellsinstallation i flerbostadshus och kommersiella fastigheter – en handbok
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Priset på solceller har stadigt minskat under senare år, samtidigt som effektiviteten har ökat. Alltfler, både privatpersoner och företag, väljer att investera i solcellsanläggningar. Drivkrafterna för att genomföra en installation är många och varierande, men vägen mot beslut är inte alltid enkel. Denna handbok riktar sig främst mot fastighetsägare till bostadsfastigheter och lokalfastigheter samt bostadsrättsföreningar. Syftet är att stödja dessa aktörsgrupper inför beslut om en eventuell solcellsinstallation. Innehållet i handboken bygger på resultat från workshops och intervjuer med representanter från de olika grupperna.Handboken beskriver möjliga affärsmodeller för solel uppdelat på de olika aktörsgrupperna, men även såväl ekonomiska som icke-ekonomiska nyttor med att installera en solelanläggning. Tre huvudtyper av affärsmodell presenteras:- Fastighetsägaren investerar och äger solcellsanläggningen.- Anläggningen leasas från ett leasingbolag, med eller utan avbetalning.- Fastighetsägaren upplåter takytor till en annan aktör som investerar i solceller.Affärsmodellsbeskrivningarna inkluderar ägarförhållanden, lönsamhet, hur den producerade solelen kan användas samt för- och nackdelar med modellen. Styrmedel i form av regler, stöd och ersättningar kan dessutom påverka både anläggningens storlek och dess lönsamhet. Aktuella regler beskrivs i handboken. Eftersom solelmarknaden och regelverk är i ständig förändring bör man alltid kontrollera vad som gäller inför en installation. I slutet påhandboken finns därför tips på vidare läsning och relevanta myndigheter.
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