SwePub
Sök i SwePub databas

  Utökad sökning

Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Borg Markus) "

Sökning: WFRF:(Borg Markus)

  • Resultat 1-50 av 213
Sortera/gruppera träfflistan
   
NumreringReferensOmslagsbildHitta
1.
  • Bjarnason, Elizabeth, et al. (författare)
  • A Multi-Case Study of Agile Requirements Engineering and the Use of Test Cases as Requirements
  • 2016. - 16
  • Ingår i: Information and Software Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0950-5849 .- 1873-6025. ; 77, s. 61-79
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • [Context] It is an enigma that agile projects can succeed "without requirements" when weak requirements engineering is a known cause for project failures. While agile development projects often manage well without extensive requirements test cases are commonly viewed as requirements and detailed requirements are documented as test cases. [Objective] We have investigated this agile practice of using test cases as requirements to understand how test cases can support the main requirements activities, and how this practice varies. [Method] We performed an iterative case study at three companies and collected data through 14 interviews and 2 focus groups. [Results] The use of test cases as requirements poses both benefits and challenges when eliciting, validating, verifying, and managing requirements, and when used as a documented agreement. We have identified five variants of the test-cases-as-requirements practice, namely de facto, behaviour-driven, story-test driven, stand-alone strict and stand-alone manual for which the application of the practice varies concerning the time frame of requirements documentation, the requirements format, the extent to which the test cases are a machine executable specification and the use of tools which provide specific support for the practice of using test cases as requirements. [Conclusions] The findings provide empirical insight into how agile development projects manage and communicate requirements. The identified variants of the practice of using test cases as requirements can be used to perform in-depth investigations into agile requirements engineering. Practitioners can use the provided recommendations as a guide in designing and improving their agile requirements practices based on project characteristics such as number of stakeholders and rate of change.
  •  
2.
  • Jones, Robert P., et al. (författare)
  • Patterns of Recurrence After Resection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma : A Secondary Analysis of the ESPAC-4 Randomized Adjuvant Chemotherapy Trial
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: JAMA Surgery. - : AMER MEDICAL ASSOC. - 2168-6254 .- 2168-6262. ; 154:11, s. 1038-1048
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Importance: The patterns of disease recurrence after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with adjuvant chemotherapy remain unclear.Objective: To define patterns of recurrence after adjuvant chemotherapy and the association with survival.Design, Setting, and Participants: Prospectively collected data from the phase 3 European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer 4 adjuvant clinical trial, an international multicenter study. The study included 730 patients who had resection and adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Data were analyzed between July 2017 and May 2019.Interventions: Randomization to adjuvant gemcitabine or gemcitabine plus capecitabine.Main Outcomes and Measures: Overall survival, recurrence, and sites of recurrence.Results: Of the 730 patients, median age was 65 years (range 37-81 years), 414 were men (57%), and 316 were women (43%). The median follow-up time from randomization was 43.2 months (95% CI, 39.7-45.5 months), with overall survival from time of surgery of 27.9 months (95% CI, 24.8-29.9 months) with gemcitabine and 30.2 months (95% CI, 25.8-33.5 months) with the combination (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68-0.98; P=.03). The 5-year survival estimates were 17.1% (95% CI, 11.6%-23.5%) and 28.0% (22.0%-34.3%), respectively. Recurrence occurred in 479 patients (65.6%); another 78 patients (10.7%) died without recurrence. Local recurrence occurred at a median of 11.63 months (95% CI, 10.05-12.19 months), significantly different from those with distant recurrence with a median of 9.49 months (95% CI, 8.44-10.71 months) (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01-1.45; P=.04). Following recurrence, the median survival was 9.36 months (95% CI, 8.08-10.48 months) for local recurrence and 8.94 months (95% CI, 7.82-11.17 months) with distant recurrence (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.73-1.09; P=.27). The median overall survival of patients with distant-only recurrence (23.03 months; 95% CI, 19.55-25.85 months) or local with distant recurrence (23.82 months; 95% CI, 17.48-28.32 months) was not significantly different from those with only local recurrence (24.83 months; 95% CI, 22.96-27.63 months) (P=.85 and P=.35, respectively). Gemcitabine plus capecitabine had a 21% reduction of death following recurrence compared with monotherapy (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64-0.98; P=.03).Conclusions and Relevance: There were no significant differences between the time to recurrence and subsequent and overall survival between local and distant recurrence. Pancreatic cancer behaves as a systemic disease requiring effective systemic therapy after resection.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00058201, EudraCT 2007-004299-38, and ISRCTN 96397434. This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial investigates patterns of recurrence after adjuvant chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer and the association with survival.
  •  
3.
  • Borg, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Supporting Change Impact Analysis Using a Recommendation System : An Industrial Case Study in a Safety-Critical Context
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. - : IEEE. - 0098-5589 .- 1939-3520. ; 43:7, s. 675-700
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Change Impact Analysis (CIA) during software evolution of safety-critical systems is a labor-intensive task. Several authors have proposed tool support for CIA, but very few tools were evaluated in industry. We present a case study on ImpRec, a recommendation System for Software Engineering (RSSE), tailored for CIA at a process automation company. ImpRec builds on assisted tracing, using information retrieval solutions and mining software repositories to recommend development artifacts, potentially impacted when resolving incoming issue reports. In contrast to the majority of tools for automated CIA, ImpRec explicitly targets development artifacts that are not source code. We evaluate ImpRec in a two-phase study. First, we measure the correctness of ImpRec's recommendations by a simulation based on 12 years' worth of issue reports in the company. Second, we assess the utility of working with ImpRec by deploying the RSSE in two development teams on different continents. The results suggest that ImpRec presents about 40 percent of the true impact among the top-10 recommendations. Furthermore, user log analysis indicates that ImpRec can support CIA in industry, and developers acknowledge the value of ImpRec in interviews. In conclusion, our findings show the potential of reusing traceability associated with developers' past activities in an RSSE.
  •  
4.
  • Helali Moghadam, Mahshid, et al. (författare)
  • Adaptive Runtime Response Time Control in PLC-based Real-Time Systems using Reinforcement Learning
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: ACM/IEEE 13th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems, SEAMS 2018, , co-located with International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2018; Gothenburg; Sweden; 28 May 2018 through 29 May 2018; Code 138312. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 217-223
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Timing requirements such as constraints on response time are key characteristics of real-time systems and violations of these requirements might cause a total failure, particularly in hard real-time systems. Runtime monitoring of the system properties is of great importance to detect and mitigate such failures. Thus, a runtime control to preserve the system properties could improve the robustness of the system with respect to timing violations. Common control approaches may require a precise analytical model of the system which is difficult to be provided at design time. Reinforcement learning is a promising technique to provide adaptive model-free control when the environment is stochastic, and the control problem could be formulated as a Markov Decision Process. In this paper, we propose an adaptive runtime control using reinforcement learning for real-time programs based on Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), to meet the response time requirements. We demonstrate through multiple experiments that our approach could control the response time efficiently to satisfy the timing requirements.
  •  
5.
  • Helali Moghadam, Mahshid, et al. (författare)
  • An autonomous performance testing framework using self-adaptive fuzzy reinforcement learning
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Software quality journal. - : Springer. - 0963-9314 .- 1573-1367. ; , s. 127-159
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Test automation brings the potential to reduce costs and human effort, but several aspects of software testing remain challenging to automate. One such example is automated performance testing to find performance breaking points. Current approaches to tackle automated generation of performance test cases mainly involve using source code or system model analysis or use-case-based techniques. However, source code and system models might not always be available at testing time. On the other hand, if the optimal performance testing policy for the intended objective in a testing process instead could be learned by the testing system, then test automation without advanced performance models could be possible. Furthermore, the learned policy could later be reused for similar software systems under test, thus leading to higher test efficiency. We propose SaFReL, a self-adaptive fuzzy reinforcement learning-based performance testing framework. SaFReL learns the optimal policy to generate performance test cases through an initial learning phase, then reuses it during a transfer learning phase, while keeping the learning running and updating the policy in the long term. Through multiple experiments in a simulated performance testing setup, we demonstrate that our approach generates the target performance test cases for different programs more efficiently than a typical testing process and performs adaptively without access to source code and performance models. © 2021, The Author(s).
  •  
6.
  • Helali Moghadam, Mahshid (författare)
  • Intelligence-Driven Software Performance Assurance
  • 2022
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Software performance assurance is of great importance for the success of software products, which are nowadays involved in many parts of our life. Performance evaluation approaches such as performance modeling, testing, as well as runtime performance control methods, all can contribute to the realization of software performance assurance. Many of the common approaches to tackle challenges in this area involve relying on performance models or using system models and source code. Although modeling provides a deep insight into the system behavior, developing a  detailed model is challenging.  Furthermore, software artifacts such as models and source code might not be readily available at all times in the development lifecycle. This thesis focuses on leveraging the potential of machine learning (ML) and evolutionary search-based techniques to provide viable solutions for addressing the challenges in different aspects of software performance assurance efficiently and effectively.In this thesis, we first investigate the capabilities of model-free reinforcement learning to address the objectives in robustness testing problems. We develop two self-adaptive reinforcement learning-driven test agents called SaFReL and RELOAD. They generate effective platform-based test scenarios and test workloads, respectively. The output scenarios and workloads help testers and software engineers meet their objectives efficiently without relying on models or source code. SaFReL and RELOAD learn the optimal policies (ways) to meet the test objectives and can reuse the learned policies adaptively in other testing settings. Policy reuse can lead to higher test efficiency and cost savings, for example, when testing similar test objectives or software systems with comparable performance sensitivity.Next, we leverage the potential of evolutionary computation algorithms, i.e., genetic algorithms, evolution strategies, and particle swarm optimization, to generate failure-revealing test scenarios for robustness testing of AI systems. In this part, we choose autonomous driving systems as a prevailing example of contemporary AI systems. We study the efficacy of the proposed evolutionary search-based test generation techniques and evaluate primarily to what extent they can trigger failures. Moreover, we investigate the diversity of those failures and compare them to existing baseline solutions. Finally, we again use the potential of model-free reinforcement learning to develop adaptive ML-driven runtime performance control approaches. We present a response time preservation method for a sample type of industrial applications and a resource allocation technique for dynamic workloads in a data grid application. The proposed ML-driven techniques learn how to adjust the tunable parameters and resource configuration at runtime to keep the performance continually compliant with the requirements and to further optimize the runtime performance. We evaluate the efficacy of the approaches and show how effectively they can improve the performance and keep the performance requirements satisfied under varying conditions such as dynamic workloads and the occurrence of runtime events that lead to substantial response time deviations.
  •  
7.
  • Helali Moghadam, Mahshid, et al. (författare)
  • Intelligent Load Testing: Self-adaptive Reinforcement Learning-driven Load Runner
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Load testing with the aim of generating an effective workload to identify performance issues is a time-consuming and complex challenge, particularly for evolving software systems. Current automated approaches mainly rely on analyzing system models and source code, or modeling of the real system usage. However, that information might not be available all the time or obtaining it might require considerable effort. On the other hand, if the optimal policy for generating the proper test workload resulting in meeting the objectives of the testing can be learned by the testing system, testing would be possible without access to system models or source code. We propose a self-adaptive reinforcement learning-driven load testing agent that learns the optimal policy for test workload generation. The agent can reuse the learned policy in subsequent testing activities such as meeting different types of testing targets. It generates an efficient test workload resulting in meeting the objective of the testing adaptively without access to system models or source code. Our experimental evaluation shows that the proposed self-adaptive intelligent load testing can reach the testing objective with lower cost in terms of the workload size, i.e. the number of generated users, compared to a typical load testing process, and results in productivity benefits in terms of higher efficiency.
  •  
8.
  • Helali Moghadam, Mahshid, et al. (författare)
  • Learning-based Response Time Analysis in Real-Time Embedded Systems : A Simulation-based Approach
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: 1st International Workshop on Software Qualities and their Dependencies, located at the International Conference of Software Engineering (ICSE) 2018 SQUADE'18. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450357371 ; , s. 21-24
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Response time analysis is an essential task to verify the behavior of real-time systems. Several response time analysis methods have been proposed to address this challenge, particularly for real-time systems with different levels of complexity. Static analysis is a popular approach in this context, but its practical applicability is limited due to the high complexity of the industrial real-time systems, as well as many unpredictable runtime events in these systems. In this work-in-progress paper, we propose a simulationbased response time analysis approach using reinforcement learning to find the execution scenarios leading to the worst-case response time. The approach learns how to provide a practical estimation of the worst-case response time through simulating the program without performing static analysis. Our initial study suggests that the proposed approach could be applicable in the simulation environments of the industrial real-time control systems to provide a practical estimation of the execution scenarios leading to the worst-case response time.
  •  
9.
  • Helali Moghadam, Mahshid, et al. (författare)
  • Learning-Based Self-Adaptive Assurance of Timing Properties in a Real-Time Embedded System
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: ICST Workshop on Testing Extra-Functional Properties and Quality Characteristics of Software Systems ITEQS'18. - 9781538663523 ; , s. 77-80
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Providing an adaptive runtime assurance technique to meet the performance requirements of a real-time system without the need for a precise model could be a challenge. Adaptive performance assurance based on monitoring the status of timing properties can bring more robustness to the underlying platform. At the same time, the results or the achieved policy of this adaptive procedure could be used as feedback to update the initial model, and consequently for producing proper test cases. Reinforcement-learning has been considered as a promising adaptive technique for assuring the satisfaction of the performance properties of software-intensive systems in recent years. In this work-in-progress paper, we propose an adaptive runtime timing assurance procedure based on reinforcement learning to satisfy the performance requirements in terms of response time. The timing control problem is formulated as a Markov Decision Process and the details of applying the proposed learning-based timing assurance technique are described.
  •  
10.
  • Helali Moghadam, Mahshid (författare)
  • Machine Learning-Assisted Performance Assurance
  • 2020
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • With the growing involvement of software systems in our life, assurance of performance, as an important quality characteristic, rises to prominence for the success of software products. Performance testing, preservation, and improvement all contribute to the realization of performance assurance. Common approaches to tackle challenges in testing, preservation, and improvement of performance mainly involve techniques relying on performance models or using system models or source code. Although modeling provides a deep insight into the system behavior, drawing a well-detailed model is challenging. On the other hand, those artifacts such as models and source code might not be available all the time. These issues are the motivations for using model-free machine learning techniques such as model-free reinforcement learning to address the related challenges in performance assurance.Reinforcement learning implies that if the optimal policy (way) for achieving the intended objective in a performance assurance process could instead be learnt by the acting system (e.g., the tester system), then the intended objective could be accomplished without advanced performance models. Furthermore, the learnt policy could later be reused in similar situations, which leads to efficiency improvement by saving computation time while reducing the dependency on the models and source code.In this thesis, our research goal is to develop adaptive and efficient performance assurance techniques meeting the intended objectives without access to models and source code. We propose three model-free learning-based approaches to tackle the challenges; efficient generation of performance test cases, runtime performance (response time) preservation, and performance improvement in terms of makespan (completion time) reduction. We demonstrate the efficiency and adaptivity of our approaches based on experimental evaluations conducted on the research prototype tools, i.e. simulation environments that we developed or tailored for our problems, in different application areas.
  •  
11.
  • Helali Moghadam, Mahshid, et al. (författare)
  • Machine Learning Testing in an ADAS Case Study Using Simulation-Integrated Bio-Inspired Search-Based Testing
  • 2022
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This paper presents an extended version of Deeper, a search-based simulation-integrated test solution that generates failure-revealing test scenarios for testing a deep neural network-based lane-keeping system. In the newly proposed version, we utilize a new set of bio-inspired search algorithms, genetic algorithm (GA), (μ+ λ) and (μ,λ) evolution strategies(ES), and particle swarm optimization (PSO), that leverage a quality population seed and domain-specific crossover and mutation operations tailored for the presentation model used for modeling the test scenarios. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the new test generators within Deeper, we carry out an empirical evaluation and comparison with regard to the results of five participating tools in the cyber-physical systems testing competition at SBST 2021. Our evaluation shows the newly proposed test generators in Deeper not only represent a considerable improvement on the previous version but also prove to be effective and efficient in provoking a considerable number of diverse failure-revealing test scenarios for testing an ML-driven lane-keeping system. They can trigger several failures while promoting test scenario diversity, under a limited test time budget, high target failure severity, and strict speed limit constraints.
  •  
12.
  • Helali Moghadam, Mahshid, et al. (författare)
  • Machine learning testing in an ADAS case study using simulation-integrated bio-inspired search-based testing
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Software. - : John Wiley and Sons Ltd. - 2047-7473 .- 2047-7481. ; :5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents an extended version of Deeper, a search-based simulation-integrated test solution that generates failure-revealing test scenarios for testing a deep neural network-based lane-keeping system. In the newly proposed version, we utilize a new set of bio-inspired search algorithms, genetic algorithm (GA), (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) evolution strategies (ES), and particle swarm optimization (PSO), that leverage a quality population seed and domain-specific crossover and mutation operations tailored for the presentation model used for modeling the test scenarios. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the new test generators within Deeper, we carry out an empirical evaluation and comparison with regard to the results of five participating tools in the cyber-physical systems testing competition at SBST 2021. Our evaluation shows the newly proposed test generators in Deeper not only represent a considerable improvement on the previous version but also prove to be effective and efficient in provoking a considerable number of diverse failure-revealing test scenarios for testing an ML-driven lane-keeping system. They can trigger several failures while promoting test scenario diversity, under a limited test time budget, high target failure severity, and strict speed limit constraints. 
  •  
13.
  • Helali Moghadam, Mahshid, et al. (författare)
  • Machine Learning to Guide Performance Testing : An Autonomous Test Framework
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: ICST Workshop on Testing Extra-Functional Properties and Quality Characteristics of Software Systems ITEQS'19, 2019.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Satisfying performance requirements is of great importance for performance-critical software systems. Performance analysis to provide an estimation of performance indices and ascertain whether the requirements are met is essential for achieving this target. Model-based analysis as a common approach might provide useful information but inferring a precise performance model is challenging, especially for complex systems. Performance testing is considered as a dynamic approach for doing performance analysis. In this work-in-progress paper, we propose a self-adaptive learning-based test framework which learns how to apply stress testing as one aspect of performance testing on various software systems to find the performance breaking point. It learns the optimal policy of generating stress test cases for different types of software systems, then replays the learned policy to generate the test cases with less required effort. Our study indicates that the proposed learning-based framework could be applied to different types of software systems and guides towards autonomous performance testing.
  •  
14.
  • Helali Moghadam, Mahshid, et al. (författare)
  • Performance Testing Using a Smart Reinforcement Learning-Driven Test Agent
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: 2021 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). - 9781728183930 ; , s. 2385-2394
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Performance testing with the aim of generating an efficient and effective workload to identify performance issues is challenging. Many of the automated approaches mainly rely on analyzing system models, source code, or extracting the usage pattern of the system during the execution. However, such information and artifacts are not always available. Moreover, all the transactions within a generated workload do not impact the performance of the system the same way, a finely tuned workload could accomplish the test objective in an efficient way. Model-free reinforcement learning is widely used for finding the optimal behavior to accomplish an objective in many decision-making problems without relying on a model of the system. This paper proposes that if the optimal policy (way) for generating test workload to meet a test objective can be learned by a test agent, then efficient test automation would be possible without relying on system models or source code. We present a self-adaptive reinforcement learning-driven load testing agent, RELOAD, that learns the optimal policy for test workload generation and generates an effective workload efficiently to meet the test objective. Once the agent learns the optimal policy, it can reuse the learned policy in subsequent testing activities. Our experiments show that the proposed intelligent load test agent can accomplish the test objective with lower test cost compared to common load testing procedures, and results in higher test efficiency.
  •  
15.
  • Helali Moghadam, Mahshid, et al. (författare)
  • Poster : Performance Testing Driven by Reinforcement Learning
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: 2020 IEEE 13th International Conference on Software Testing, Validation and Verification (ICST). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781728157771 ; , s. 402-405
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Performance testing remains a challenge, particularly for complex systems. Different application-, platform- and workload-based factors can influence the performance of software under test. Common approaches for generating platform- and workload-based test conditions are often based on system model or source code analysis, real usage modeling and use-case based design techniques. Nonetheless, creating a detailed performance model is often difficult, and also those artifacts might not be always available during the testing. On the other hand, test automation solutions such as automated test case generation can enable effort and cost reduction with the potential to improve the intended test criteria coverage. Furthermore, if the optimal way (policy) to generate test cases can be learnt by testing system, then the learnt policy can be reused in further testing situations such as testing variants, evolved versions of software, and different testing scenarios. This capability can lead to additional cost and computation time saving in the testing process. In this research, we present an autonomous performance testing framework which uses a model-free reinforcement learning augmented by fuzzy logic and self-adaptive strategies. It is able to learn the optimal policy to generate platform- and workload-based test conditions which result in meeting the intended testing objective without access to system model and source code. The use of fuzzy logic and self-adaptive strategy helps to tackle the issue of uncertainty and improve the accuracy and adaptivity of the proposed learning. Our evaluation experiments show that the proposed autonomous performance testing framework is able to generate the test conditions efficiently and in a way adaptive to varying testing situations.
  •  
16.
  • Jönsson, Göran B, et al. (författare)
  • High-resolution genomic profiles of breast cancer cell lines assessed by tiling BAC array comparative genomic hybridization.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. - : Wiley. - 1045-2257 .- 1098-2264. ; 46:6, s. 543-558
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A BAC-array platform for comparative genomic hybridization was constructed from a library of 32,433 clones providing complete genome coverage, and evaluated by screening for DNA copy number changes in 10 breast cancer cell lines (BT474, MCF7, HCC1937, SK-BR-3, L56Br-C1, ZR-75-1, JIMTI, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-361, and HCC2218) and one cell line derived from fibrocystic disease of the breast (MCF10A). These were also characterized by gene expression analysis and found to represent all five recently described breast cancer subtypes using the '' intrinsic gene set '' and centroid correlation. Three cell lines, HCC 1937 and L56BrC1 derived from BRCA I mutation carriers and MDA-MB-23 1, were of basal-like subtype and characterized by a high frequency of low-level gains and losses of typical pattern, including limited deletions on Sq. Four estrogen receptor positive cell lines were of luminal A subtype and characterized by a different pattern of aberrations and high-level amplifications, including ERBB2 and other 17q amplicons in BT474 and MDA-MB-361. SK-BR-3 cells, characterized by a complex genome including ERBB2 amplification, massive high-level amplifications on 8q and a homozygous deletion of CDH1 at 16q22, had an expression signature closest to luminal B subtype. The effects of gene amplifications were verified by gene expression analysis to distinguish targeted genes from silent amplicon passengers. JIMT1, derived from an ERBB2 amplified trastuzumab resistant tumor, was of the ERBB2 subtype. Homozygous deletions included other known targets such as PTEN (HCC1937) and CDKN2A (MDA-MB-231, MCF10A), but also new candidate suppressor genes such as FUSSEL18 (HCC1937) and WDR11 (L56Br-C1) as well as regions without known genes. The tiling BAC-arrays constitute a powerful tool for high-resolution genomic profiling suitable for cancer research and clinical diagnostics.
  •  
17.
  • Perez-Cerrolaza, Jon, et al. (författare)
  • Artificial Intelligence for Safety-Critical Systems in Industrial and Transportation Domains: A Survey
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: ACM Computing Surveys. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery. - 0360-0300 .- 1557-7341. ; 56:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Artificial Intelligence (AI) can enable the development of next-generation autonomous safety-critical systems in which Machine Learning (ML) algorithms learn optimized and safe solutions. AI can also support and assist human safety engineers in developing safety-critical systems. However, reconciling both cutting-edge and state-of-the-art AI technology with safety engineering processes and safety standards is an open challenge that must be addressed before AI can be fully embraced in safety-critical systems. Many works already address this challenge, resulting in a vast and fragmented literature. Focusing on the industrial and transportation domains, this survey structures and analyzes challenges, techniques, and methods for developing AI-based safety-critical systems, from traditional functional safety systems to autonomous systems. AI trustworthiness spans several dimensions, such as engineering, ethics and legal, and this survey focuses on the safety engineering dimension.
  •  
18.
  • Abele, Dace, et al. (författare)
  • Including the liver in the visceral allograft: Impact on donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies and long-term outcomes
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY. - 0198-8859 .- 1879-1166. ; 85:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Humoral immunity emerges as a risk factor for graft failure after visceral transplantation (VTx) and development of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSAs) has been linked with poor outcomes. In most cases, a simultaneous liver transplant can be safely performed in sensitized patients with DSA and appears protective against lymphocytotoxic antibodies. We investigated the incidence of acute (AR) and chronic rejection (CR) in 32 VTx without any B cell-depleting pre-treatment (6 isolated intestinal transplants (IT) and 26 liver-containing, multivisceral transplants (MVT) and assessed the presence of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) pre- and posttransplantation. Twenty-one patients (65 %) developed AR, 15 (57 %) of the MVT and 6 (100 %) of the IT (p = 0.05). CR occurred in 4 IT (60 %, p < 0.001). At one month, de novo DSA were present in 71 % of VTx (66 % MVT vs 100 % IT, p = 0.09). At the last available follow-up, 69 % of the MVT and 50 % of the IT patients were DSA-free. De novo DSA seemed more persistent (7/19, 37 %) than pre-Tx DSA (1/6, 17 %; p = n.s.), de novo DSA were more frequently specific for HLA class II than class I, 16/19 (84 %) vs. 7/19 (37 %; p = 0.003), and HLA-DQ was their most frequent target HLA. DQ mismatches appeared to be a risk factor for developing de novo DSA. In conclusion, liver-containing visceral allografts have superior shortand long-term outcomes compared with liver-free allografts. De novo DSA develop early and frequently after VTx performed without B cell-depleting induction therapy, but the exact role of DSA in the pathogenesis of rejection remains unclear.
  •  
19.
  • Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al. (författare)
  • Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
  •  
20.
  • Akdemir, KC, et al. (författare)
  • Disruption of chromatin folding domains by somatic genomic rearrangements in human cancer
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 52:3, s. 294-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Chromatin is folded into successive layers to organize linear DNA. Genes within the same topologically associating domains (TADs) demonstrate similar expression and histone-modification profiles, and boundaries separating different domains have important roles in reinforcing the stability of these features. Indeed, domain disruptions in human cancers can lead to misregulation of gene expression. However, the frequency of domain disruptions in human cancers remains unclear. Here, as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), which aggregated whole-genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumor types, we analyzed 288,457 somatic structural variations (SVs) to understand the distributions and effects of SVs across TADs. Notably, SVs can lead to the fusion of discrete TADs, and complex rearrangements markedly change chromatin folding maps in the cancer genomes. Notably, only 14% of the boundary deletions resulted in a change in expression in nearby genes of more than twofold.
  •  
21.
  • Alexandrov, Ludmil B, et al. (författare)
  • The repertoire of mutational signatures in human cancer
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 578:7793, s. 94-101
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Somatic mutations in cancer genomes are caused by multiple mutational processes, each of which generates a characteristic mutational signature1. Here, as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium2 of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we characterized mutational signatures using 84,729,690 somatic mutations from 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences that encompass most types of cancer. We identified 49 single-base-substitution, 11 doublet-base-substitution, 4 clustered-base-substitution and 17 small insertion-and-deletion signatures. The substantial size of our dataset, compared with previous analyses3-15, enabled the discovery of new signatures, the separation of overlapping signatures and the decomposition of signatures into components that may represent associated-but distinct-DNA damage, repair and/or replication mechanisms. By estimating the contribution of each signature to the mutational catalogues of individual cancer genomes, we revealed associations of signatures to exogenous or endogenous exposures, as well as to defective DNA-maintenance processes. However, many signatures are of unknown cause. This analysis provides a systematic perspective on the repertoire of mutational processes that contribute to the development of human cancer.
  •  
22.
  • Andersen, Lars L, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of physical exercise on workplace social capital: cluster randomized controlled trial
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 43:8, s. 810-818
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • While workplace health promotion with group-based physical exercise can improve workers' physical health, less is known about potential carry-over effects to psychosocial factors. This study investigates the effect of physical exercise on social capital at work.
  •  
23.
  • Assar, Saïd, et al. (författare)
  • Using Text Clustering to Predict Defect Resolution Time: A Conceptual Replication and an Evaluation of Prediction Accuracy
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Empirical Software Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7616 .- 1382-3256.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Defect management is a central task in software maintenance. When a defect is reported, appropriate resources must be allocated to analyze and resolve the defect. An important issue in resource allocation is the estimation of Defect Resolution Time (DRT). Prior research has considered different approaches for DRT prediction exploiting information retrieval techniques and similarity in textual defect descriptions. In this article, we investigate the potential of text clustering for DRT prediction. We build on a study published by Raja (2013) which demonstrated that clusters of similar defect reports had statistically significant differences in DRT. Raja’s study also suggested that this difference between clusters could be used for DRT prediction. Our aims are twofold: First, to conceptually replicate Raja’s study and to assess the repeatability of its results in different settings; Second, to investigate the potential of textual clustering of issue reports for DRT prediction with focus on accuracy. Using different data sets and a different text mining tool and clustering technique, we first conduct an independent replication of the original study. Then we design a fully automated prediction method based on clustering with a simulated test scenario to check the accuracy of our method. The results of our independent replication are comparable to those of the original study and we confirm the initial findings regarding significant differences in DRT between clusters of defect reports. However, the simulated test scenario used to assess our prediction method yields poor results in terms of DRT prediction accuracy. Although our replication confirms the main finding from the original study, our attempt to use text clustering as the basis for DRT prediction did not achieve practically useful levels of accuracy.
  •  
24.
  • Bailey, Matthew H., et al. (författare)
  • Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts.
  •  
25.
  • Balciuniene, Jorune, et al. (författare)
  • Evidence for digenic inheritance of nonsyndromic hereditary hearing loss in a Swedish family
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 63:3, s. 786-93
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We investigated a Swedish family with nonsyndromic progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Thirteen candidate loci for autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss were tested for linkage in this family. We found significant LOD scores (>3) for markers at candidate locus DFNA12 (11q22-q24) and suggestive LOD scores (>2) for markers at locus DFNA2 (1p32). Our results for markers on chromosome 11 narrowed down the candidate region for the DFNA12 locus. A detailed analysis of the phenotypes and haplotypes shared by the affected individuals supported the notion that two genes segregated together with hearing impairment in the family. Severely affected family members had haplotypes linked to the disease allele on both chromosomes 1 and 11, whereas individuals with milder hearing loss had haplotypes linked to the disease allele on either chromosome 1 or chromosome 11. These observations suggest an additive effect of two genes, each gene resulting in a mild and sometimes undiagnosed phenotype, but both together resulting in a more severe phenotype.
  •  
26.
  • Bhandari, Vinayak, et al. (författare)
  • Divergent mutational processes distinguish hypoxic and normoxic tumours
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Many primary tumours have low levels of molecular oxygen (hypoxia), and hypoxic tumours respond poorly to therapy. Pan-cancer molecular hallmarks of tumour hypoxia remain poorly understood, with limited comprehension of its associations with specific mutational processes, non-coding driver genes and evolutionary features. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours spanning 27 cancer types. Elevated hypoxia associates with increased mutational load across cancer types, irrespective of underlying mutational class. The proportion of mutations attributed to several mutational signatures of unknown aetiology directly associates with the level of hypoxia, suggesting underlying mutational processes for these signatures. At the gene level, driver mutations in TP53, MYC and PTEN are enriched in hypoxic tumours, and mutations in PTEN interact with hypoxia to direct tumour evolutionary trajectories. Overall, hypoxia plays a critical role in shaping the genomic and evolutionary landscapes of cancer.
  •  
27.
  • Bjarnason, Elizabeth, et al. (författare)
  • 2nd International Workshop on Requirements Engineering and Testing (RET 2015)
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: 2015 IEEE/ACM 37TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, VOL 2. - : IEEE. - 9781479919345 ; , s. 997-998
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The RET (Requirements Engineering and Testing) workshop provides a meeting point for researchers and practitioners from the two separate fields of Requirements Engineering (RE) and Testing. The goal is to improve the connection and alignment of these two areas through an exchange of ideas, challenges, practices, experiences and results. The long term aim is to build a community and a body of knowledge within the intersection of RE and Testing. One of the main outputs of the 1st workshop was a collaboratively constructed map of the area of RET showing the topics relevant to RET for these. The 2nd workshop will continue in the same interactive vein and include a keynote, paper presentations with ample time for discussions, and a group exercise. For true impact and relevance this cross-cutting area requires contribution from both RE and Testing, and from both researchers and practitioners. For that reason we welcome a range of paper contributions from short experience papers to full research papers that both clearly cover connections between the two fields.
  •  
28.
  • Bjarnason, Elizabeth, et al. (författare)
  • Aligning Requirements and Testing : Working Together toward the Same Goal
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: IEEE Software. - 0740-7459 .- 1937-4194. ; 34:1, s. 20-23
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The proper alignment of requirements engineering and testing (RET) can be key to software's success. Three practices can provide effective RET alignment: using test cases as requirements, harvesting trace links, and reducing distances between requirements engineers and testers. The Web extra https://youtu.be/M65ZKxfxqME is an audio podcast of author Elizabeth Bjarnason reading the the Requirements column she cowrote with Markus Borg.
  •  
29.
  • Bjarnason, Elizabeth, et al. (författare)
  • An Industrial Case Study on Test Cases as Requirements
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming : 16th International Conference, XP 2015, Helsinki, Finland, May 25-29, 2015, Proceedings - 16th International Conference, XP 2015, Helsinki, Finland, May 25-29, 2015, Proceedings. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783319186115 - 9783319186122 ; 212
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It is a conundrum that agile projects can succeed ‘without requirements’ when weak requirements engineering is a known cause for project failures. While Agile development projects often manage well without extensive requirements documentation, test cases are commonly used as requirements. We have investigated this agile practice at three companies in order to understand how test cases can fill the role of requirements. We performed a case study based on twelve interviews performed in a previous study. The findings include a range of benefits and challenges in using test cases for eliciting, validating, verifying, tracing and managing requirements. In addition, we identified three scenarios for applying the practice, namely as a mature practice, as a de facto practice and as part of an agile transition. The findings provide insights into how the role of requirements may be met in agile development including challenges to consider.
  •  
30.
  • Bjarnason, Elizabeth, et al. (författare)
  • An Industrial Case Study on the Use of Test Cases as Requirements
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information<em></em>. - : Springer. ; , s. 27-39
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It is a conundrum that agile projects can succeed 'without requirements' when weak requirements engineering is a known cause for project failures. While Agile development projects often manage well without extensive requirements documentation, test cases are commonly used as requirements. We have investigated this agile practice at three companies in order to understandhow test cases can fill the role of requirements. We performed a case study based on twelve interviews performed in a previous study.The findings include a range of benefits and challenges in using test cases for eliciting, validating, verifying, tracing and managing requirements. In addition, we identified three scenarios for applying the practice, namely as a mature practice, as a de facto practice and as part of an agile transition. The findings provide insights into how the role of requirements may be met in agile development including challenges to consider.
  •  
31.
  • Bjarnason, Elizabeth, et al. (författare)
  • Challenges and practices in aligning requirements with verification and validation : a case study of six companies
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Empirical Software Engineering. - : Springer. - 1382-3256 .- 1573-7616. ; 19:6, s. 1809-1855
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Weak alignment of requirements engineering (RE) with verification and validation (VV) may lead to problems in delivering the required products in time with the right quality. For example, weak communication of requirements changes to testers may result in lack of verification of new requirements and incorrect verification of old invalid requirements, leading to software quality problems, wasted effort and delays. However, despite the serious implications of weak alignment research and practice both tend to focus on one or the other of RE or VV rather than on the alignment of the two. We have performed a multi-unit case study to gain insight into issues around aligning RE and VV by interviewing 30 practitioners from 6 software developing companies, involving 10 researchers in a flexible research process for case studies. The results describe current industry challenges and practices in aligning RE with VV, ranging from quality of the individual RE and VV activities, through tracing and tools, to change control and sharing a common understanding at strategy, goal and design level. The study identified that human aspects are central, i.e. cooperation and communication, and that requirements engineering practices are a critical basis for alignment. Further, the size of an organisation and its motivation for applying alignment practices, e.g. external enforcement of traceability, are variation factors that play a key role in achieving alignment. Our results provide a strategic roadmap for practitioners improvement work to address alignment challenges. Furthermore, the study provides a foundation for continued research to improve the alignment of RE with VV.
  •  
32.
  • Bjarnason, Elizabeth, et al. (författare)
  • Supervising for Independence – A Case Study of Master Science Projects in Higher Education
  • 2015. - 12
  • Ingår i: LU:s femte högskolepedagogiska utvecklingskonferens.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Students completing a Swedish Master's degree in engineering should have knowledge and skills to independently solve engineering issues. This autonomy should be developed and demonstrated within the M.Sc. project course. But, how can supervisors encourage independence? We have explored this in a case study through semi-structured interviews with students, supervisors and examiners of two M.Sc. projects. We investigated their view of independence, and how supervision correlates to independence. The results identify areas relevant to independence, namely supervision roles and relationships, student characteristics, M.Sc. process, and view on independence. The results confirm previous findings that students' knowledge of and motivation for the topic support independence. The supervisor's role is to guide and support through frequent peer-level discussions and to act as a discussion partner, while the student should have the main responsibility for the project. We conclude that it is important for supervisors to encourage students to take ownership of their M.Sc. projects and to design their own solutions, while providing the overall process and timelines.
  •  
33.
  • Bjarnason, Elizabeth, et al. (författare)
  • Supervising Towards Independence
  • 2016. - 10
  • Ingår i: Lärande i LTH. - : Lunds Tekniska Högskola. ; 32, s. 5-6
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Supervising a student can be compared to teaching someone to drive a car. The student is in the driver's seat while the supervisor provides structure and guidance, and can intervene in risky and unsafe situations. It is a learning process in which the student gradually gains experience and sufficient skill to obtain a driving license, and to drive without an instructor. Similarly, a student attending the MSc project course at the technical faculty of Lund University is to "develop and demonstrate knowledge and ability required to autonomously work as an engineer" (from MSc course plan). But what factors affect a MSc project, and how can we as supervisors support students in their learning process towards independence? We performed a case study of two completed MSc projects where we interviewed the student, the supervisor and the examiner for each case. In this article we present the main conclusions drawn from the cross-case analysis of this study. Details on the studied cases and the results on which these conclusions are based can be found in our previous publication of this study.
  •  
34.
  • Borg, Markus, et al. (författare)
  • A Replicated Study on Duplicate Detection: Using Apache Lucene to Search Among Android Defects
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - New York, NY, USA : ACM.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context: Duplicate detection is a fundamental part of issue management. Systems able to predict whether a new defect report will be closed as a duplicate, may decrease costs by limiting rework and collecting related pieces of information. Goal: Our work explores using Apache Lucene for large-scale duplicate detection based on textual content. Also, we evaluate the previous claim that results are improved if the title is weighted as more important than the description. Method: We conduct a conceptual replication of a well-cited study conducted at Sony Ericsson, using Lucene for searching in the public Android defect repository. In line with the original study, we explore how varying the weighting of the title and the description affects the accuracy. Results: We show that Lucene obtains the best results when the defect report title is weighted three times higher than the description, a bigger difference than has been previously acknowledged. Conclusions: Our work shows the potential of using Lucene as a scalable solution for duplicate detection.
  •  
35.
  • Borg, Markus (författare)
  • Advancing trace recovery evaluation: Applied information retrieval in a software engineering context
  • 2012
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Successful development of software systems involves efficient navigation among software artifacts. However, as artifacts continuously are produced and modified, engineers are typically plagued by challenging information landscapes. One state-of-practice approach to structure information is to establish trace links between artifacts, a practice that is also enforced by several development standards. Unfortunately, manually maintaining trace links in an evolving system is a tedious task. To tackle this issue, several researchers have proposed treating the capture and recovery of trace links as an Information Retrieval (IR) problem. The goal of this thesis is to contribute to the evaluation of IR-based trace recovery, both by presenting new empirical results and by suggesting how to increase the strength of evidence in future evaluative studies. This thesis is based on empirical software engineering research. The work contains a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of previous evaluations of IR-based trace recovery. We show that a majority of previous evaluations have been technology-oriented, conducted in "the cave of IR evaluation", using small datasets as experimental input. Also, software artifacts originating from student projects have frequently been used in evaluations. We conducted a survey among traceability researchers, and found that a majority consider student artifacts to be only partly representative to industrial counterparts. Moreover, few traceability researchers had validated student artifacts for industrial representativeness before using them as experimental input. Our findings call for additional case studies to evaluate IR-based trace recovery within the full complexity of an industrial setting. Also, this thesis contributes to the body of empirical evidence of IR-based trace recovery in two experiments with industrial software artifacts. The technology-oriented experiment highlights the clear dependence between datasets and the accuracy of IR-based trace recovery, in line with findings from the SLR. The human-oriented experiment investigates how different quality levels of tool output affect the tracing accuracy of engineers. While the results are not conclusive, there are indications that it is worthwhile to investigate further into the actual value of improving tool support for IR-based trace recovery. Finally, we present how tools and methods are evaluated in the general field of IR research, and propose a taxonomy of evaluation contexts tailored for IR-based trace recovery.
  •  
36.
  • Borg, Markus, et al. (författare)
  • Agility in Software 2.0 – Notebook Interfaces and MLOps with Buttresses and Rebars
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: International Conference on Lean and Agile Software DevelopmentLASD 2022: Lean and Agile Software Development pp 3-16. - Cham : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783030942373 ; , s. 3-16
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Artificial intelligence through machine learning is increasingly used in the digital society. Solutions based on machine learning bring both great opportunities, thus coined “Software 2.0,” but also great challenges for the engineering community to tackle. Due to the experimental approach used by data scientists when developing machine learning models, agility is an essential characteristic. In this keynote address, we discuss two contemporary development phenomena that are fundamental in machine learning development, i.e., notebook interfaces and MLOps. First, we present a solution that can remedy some of the intrinsic weaknesses of working in notebooks by supporting easy transitions to integrated development environments. Second, we propose reinforced engineering of AI systems by introducing metaphorical buttresses and rebars in the MLOps context. Machine learning-based solutions are dynamic in nature, and we argue that reinforced continuous engineering is required to quality assure the trustworthy AI systems of tomorrow.
  •  
37.
  • Borg, Markus, et al. (författare)
  • An Analytical View ofTest Results Using CityScapes
  • 2018
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • t— In this paper we map test results from a real ASIC project on to the file structure of the design under test andpresent it as a cityscape. In the cityscape each house is a file where its height reflects the number of commits to that file. Thecolor reflects the fraction of bad commits.We identify error prone areas (red "bad" neighborhoods) as well as the most active areas (tall "downtown" areas). Thecityscape also allows us to identify potential test coverage holes (tall green buildings) where there are a lot of activities but nofailures.
  •  
38.
  • Borg, Markus, et al. (författare)
  • Analyzing Networks of Issue Reports
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 1944-2793 .- 1534-5351. ; , s. 79-88
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Completely analyzed and closed issue reports in software development projects, particularly in the development of safety-critical systems, often carry important information about issue-related change locations. These locations may be in the source code, as well as traces to test cases affected by the issue, and related design and requirements documents. In order to help developers analyze new issues, knowledge about issue clones and duplicates, as well as other relations between the new issue and existing issue reports would be useful. This paper analyses, in an exploratory study, issue reports contained in two Issue Management Systems (IMS) containing approximately 20.000 issue reports. The purpose of the analysis is to gain a better understanding of relationships between issue reports in IMSs. We found that link-mining explicit references can reveal complex networks of issue reports. Furthermore, we found that textual similarity analysis might have the potential to complement the explicitly signaled links by recommending additional relations. In line with work in other fields, links between software artifacts have a potential to improve search and navigation in large software engineering projects.
  •  
39.
  • Borg, Markus, et al. (författare)
  • Changes, Evolution and Bugs - Recommendation Systems for Issue Management
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Recommendation Systems in Software Engineering. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642451355 - 9783642451355 ; , s. 477-509
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Changes in evolving software systems are often managed using an issue repository. This repository may contribute to information overload in an organization, but it may also help navigating the software system. Software developers spend much effort on issue triage, a task in which the mere number of issue reports becomes a significant challenge. One specific difficulty is to determine whether a newly submitted issue report is a duplicate of an issue previously reported, if it contains complementary information related to a known issue, or if the issue report addresses something that has not been observed before. However, the large number of issue reports may also be used to help a developer to navigate the software development project to find related software artifacts, required both to understand the issue itself, and to analyze the impact of a possible issue resolution. This chapter presents recommendation systems that use information in issue repositories to support these two challenges, by supporting either duplicate detection of issue reports or navigation of artifacts in evolving software systems.
  •  
40.
  •  
41.
  • Borg, Markus, et al. (författare)
  • Conflict management in student groups - a teacher’s perspective in higher education
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Högre utbildning. - 2000-7558. ; 1:2, s. 111-124
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Students working in groups is a commonly used method of instruction in higher education, popularized by the introduction of problem based learning. As a result, management of small groups of people has become an important skill for teachers. The objective of our study is to investigate why conflicts arise in student groups at the Faculty of Engineering at Lund University and how teachers manage them. We have conducted an exploratory interdepartmental interview study on teachers' views on this matter, interviewing ten university teachers with different levels of seniority. Our results show that conflicts frequently arise in group work, most commonly caused by different levels of ambition among students. We also found that teachers prefer to work proactively against conflicts and stress the student’s responsibility. Finally, we show that teachers at our faculty tend to avoid the more drastic conflict resolution strategies suggested by previous research. The outcome of our study could be used as input to future guidelines on conflict management in student groups.
  •  
42.
  • Borg, Markus, et al. (författare)
  • Digital Twins Are Not Monozygotic – Cross-Replicating ADAS Testing in Two Industry-Grade Automotive Simulators
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: 2021 14th IEEE Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST). - 9781728168371 - 9781728168364 ; , s. 383-393
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The increasing levels of software- and data-intensive driving automation call for an evolution of automotive soft-ware testing. As a recommended practice of the Verification and Validation (V&V) process of ISO/PAS 21448, a candidate standard for safety of the intended functionality for road vehicles, simulation-based testing has the potential to reduce both risks and costs. There is a growing body of research on devising test automation techniques using simulators for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS). However, how similar are the results if the same test scenarios are executed in different simulators? We conduct a replication study of applying a Search-Based Software Testing (SBST) solution to a real-world ADAS (PeVi, a pedestrian vision detection system) using two different commercial simulators, namely, TASS/Siemens PreScan and ESI Pro-SiVIC. Based on a minimalistic scene, we compare critical test scenarios generated using our SBST solution in these two simulators. We show that SBST can be used to effectively generate critical test scenarios in both simulators, and the test results obtained from the two simulators can reveal several weaknesses of the ADAS under test. However, executing the same test scenarios in the two simulators leads to notable differences in the details of the test outputs, in particular, related to (1) safety violations revealed by tests, and (2) dynamics of cars and pedestrians. Based on our findings, we recommend future V&V plans to include multiple simulators to support robust simulation-based testing and to base test objectives on measures that are less dependant on the internals of the simulators.
  •  
43.
  • Borg, Markus, et al. (författare)
  • Digitalization of Swedish Government Agencies : Detailed Census Description and Analysis
  • 2018
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Software engineering is at the core of the digitalization of society. Ill-informed decisions can have major consequences, as made evident in the 2017 government crisis in Sweden, originating in a data breach caused by an outsourcing deal made by the Swedish Transport Agency. Many Government Agencies (GovAgs) in Sweden are rapidly undergoing a digital transition, thus it is important to overview how widespread, and mature, software development is in this part of the public sector. We present a software development census of Swedish GovAgs, complemented by document analysis and a survey. We show that 39.2% of the GovAgs develop software internally, some matching the number of developers in large companies. Our findings suggest that the development largely resembles private sector counterparts, and that established best practices are implemented. Still, we identify improvement potential in the areas of strategic sourcing, openness, collaboration across GovAgs, and quality requirements. The Swedish Government has announced the establishment of a new digitalization agency next year, and our hope is that the software engineering community will contribute its expertise with a clear voice.
  •  
44.
  • Borg, Markus, et al. (författare)
  • Digitalization of Swedish Government Agencies : A Perspective Through the Lens of a Software Development Census
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 37-46
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Software engineering is at the core of the digitalization of society. Ill-informed decisions can have major consequences, as made evident in the 2017 government crisis in Sweden, originating in a data breach caused by an outsourcing deal made by the Swedish Transport Agency. Many Government Agencies (GovAgs) in Sweden are rapidly undergoing a digital transition, thus it is important to overview how widespread, and mature, software development is in this part of the public sector. We present a software development census of Swedish GovAgs, complemented by document analysis and a survey. We show that 39.2% of the GovAgs develop software internally, some matching the number of developers in large companies. Our findings suggest that the development largely resembles private sector counterparts, and that established best practices are implemented. Still, we identify improvement potential in the areas of strategic sourcing, openness, collaboration across GovAgs, and quality requirements. The Swedish Government has announced the establishment of a new digitalization agency next year, and our hope is that the software engineering community will contribute its expertise with a clear voice.
  •  
45.
  • Borg, Markus, et al. (författare)
  • Do better IR tools improve the accuracy of engineers’ traceability recovery?
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 23-30
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Large-scale software development generates an ever-growing amount of information. Multiple research groups have proposed using approaches from the domain of information retrieval (IR) to recover traceability. Several enhancement strategies have been initially explored using the laboratory model of IR evaluation for performance assessment. We conducted a pilot experiment using printed candidate lists from the tools RETRO and ReqSimile to investigate how different quality levels of tool output affect the tracing accuracy of engineers. Statistical testing of equivalence, commonly used in medicine, has been conducted to analyze the data. The low number of subjects in this pilot experiment resulted neither in statistically significant equivalence nor difference. While our results are not conclusive, there are indications that it is worthwhile to investigate further into the actual value of improving tool support for semi-automatic traceability recovery. For example, our pilot experiment showed that the effect size of using RETRO versus ReqSimile is of practical significance regarding precision and F-measure. The interpretation of the effect size regarding recall is less clear. The experiment needs to be replicated with more subjects and on varying tasks to draw firm conclusions.
  •  
46.
  • Borg, Markus (författare)
  • Do Preparatory Programming Lab Sessions Contribute to Even Work Distribution in Student Teams?
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Proceedings - 2020 ACM/IEEE 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering : Companion Proceedings, ICSE-Companion 2020 - Companion Proceedings, ICSE-Companion 2020. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. - 9781450371223 ; , s. 254-255
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Unfair work distribution is common in project-based learning with teams of students. One contributing factor is that students are differently skilled developers. To mitigate the differences in a course with group work, we introduced mandatory programming lab sessions. The intervention did not affect the work distribution, showing that more is needed to balance the workload. Contrary to our goal, the intervention was very well received among experienced students, but unpopular with students weak at programming.
  •  
47.
  • Borg, Markus, et al. (författare)
  • Do Take it Personal : It's Not What You Say, It's Who (and Where) You Are!
  • 2016. - 6
  • Ingår i: Tiny Transactions on Computer Science. ; 4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Issue management in market-driven software projects is constantly under time pressure. A limited set of developers must share their time between developing features for the next release and resolving reported issues. Project managers need to find the appropriate balance between a high quality product and fast time to market. We study a telecom company in Sweden developing embedded systems for a consumer market. The project managers report that developers resolve approximately 10% of the issues reported during a project. Consequently, it is critical to properly prioritize the issues to receive the best possible return on investment, and above all to remove all bugs that might impact the market's reception of the product. We use machine learning to investigate what features of an issue report are the best predictors of changes to production code during its corresponding resolution. After removing all features jeopardizing the confidentiality of individual engineers, the issue reports are characterized by 19 features (apart from text). We extract 80,000 issue reports, an equal mix of positive and negative examples, and train a Bayesian Network classifier [2], obtaining 73% classification accuracy. Moreover, it reveals that the feature with the highest predictive value is from which physical site the issue was submitted. The general priority feature however, is only ranked 17 out of 19, whereas the submitting team is ranked 12. Our findings confirm a suspicion in the company: the priority set by the issue submitter is indeed a poor predictor of a future code change.
  •  
48.
  • Borg, Markus (författare)
  • Embrace your issues: compassing the software engineering landscape using bug reports
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450330138 ; , s. 891-894
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Software developers in large projects work in complex information landscapes, and staying on top of all relevant software artifacts is challenging. As software systems often evolve for years, a high number of issue reports is typically managed during the lifetime of a system. Efficient management of incoming issue requires successful navigation of the information landscape. In our work, we address two important work tasks involved in issue management: Issue Assignment (IA) and Change Impact Analysis (CIA). IA is the early task of allocating an issue report to a development team. CIA deals with identifying how source code changes affect the software system, a fundamental activity in safety-critical development. Our solution approach is to support navigation, both among development teams and software artifacts, based on information available in historical issue reports. We present how we apply techniques from machine learning and information retrieval to develop recommendation systems. Finally, we report intermediate results from two controlled experiments and an industrial case study.
  •  
49.
  • Borg, Markus, et al. (författare)
  • Enabling Traceability Reuse for Impact Analyses: A Feasibility Study in a Safety Context
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Traceability in Emerging Forms of Software Engineering. ; , s. 72-78
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Engineers working on safety critical software development must explicitly specify trace links as part of Impact Analyses (IA), both to code and non-code development artifacts. In large-scale projects, constituting information spaces of thousands of artifacts, conducting IA is tedious work relying on extensive system understanding. We propose to support this activity by enabling engineers to reuse knowledge from previously completed IAs. We do this by mining the trace links in documented IA reports, creating a semantic network of the resulting traceability, and rendering the resulting network amenable to visual analyses. We studied an Issue Management System (IMS), from within a company in the power and automation domain, containing 4,845 IA reports from 9 years of development relating to a single safety critical system. The domain has strict process requirements guiding the documented IAs. We used link mining to extract trace links, from these IA reports to development artifacts, and to determine their link semantics. We constructed a semantic network of the interrelated development artifacts, containing 6,104 non-code artifacts and 9,395 trace links, and we used two visualizations to examine the results. We provide initial suggestions as to how the knowledge embedded in such a network can be (re-)used to advance support for IA.
  •  
50.
  • Borg, Markus, et al. (författare)
  • Enabling Visual Design Verification Analytics– From Prototype Visualizations to anAnalytics Tool using the Unity Game Engine
  • 2018
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The ever-increasing architectural complexity in contemporary ASIC projects turns Design Verification (DV)into a highly advanced endeavor. Pressing needs for short time-to-market has made automation a key solution in DV.However, recurring execution of large regression suites inevitably leads to challenging amounts of test results. Following thedesign science paradigm, we present an action research study to introduce visual analytics in a commercial ASIC project. Wedevelop a cityscape visualization tool using the game engine Unity. Initial evaluations are promising, suggesting that the tooloffers a novel approach to identify error-prone parts of the design, as well as coverage holes.
  •  
Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka
  • Resultat 1-50 av 213
Typ av publikation
tidskriftsartikel (121)
konferensbidrag (76)
rapport (7)
annan publikation (3)
doktorsavhandling (2)
licentiatavhandling (2)
visa fler...
forskningsöversikt (1)
bokkapitel (1)
visa färre...
Typ av innehåll
refereegranskat (191)
övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt (20)
populärvet., debatt m.m. (2)
Författare/redaktör
Borg, Markus (131)
Borg, Åke (63)
Ringnér, Markus (58)
Staaf, Johan (48)
Jönsson, Göran B (22)
Helali Moghadam, Mah ... (15)
visa fler...
Vallon-Christersson, ... (15)
Wnuk, Krzysztof (14)
Runeson, Per (13)
Lisper, Björn (12)
Bjarnason, Elizabeth (11)
Olsson, Thomas (10)
Holm, Karolina (10)
Olsson, Håkan (9)
Bendahl, Pär Ola (9)
Campbell, PJ (9)
Grabau, Dorthe (9)
Gruvberger, Sofia (9)
Fernö, Mårten (8)
Korbel, JO (8)
Beroukhim, R (8)
Garsed, DW (8)
Hess, JM (8)
Martincorena, I (8)
Nakagawa, H (8)
Weischenfeldt, J (8)
Hegardt, Cecilia (8)
Heidenblad, Markus (8)
Chen, K. (7)
Saadatmand, Mehrdad, ... (7)
Miyano, S (7)
Höglund, Mattias (7)
Boutros, PC (7)
Feuerbach, L (7)
Fink, JL (7)
Gerstein, M (7)
Haan, D (7)
Hutter, B (7)
Imielinski, M (7)
Macintyre, G (7)
Markowetz, F (7)
Puiggros, M (7)
Schumacher, SE (7)
Shackleton, M (7)
Sidiropoulos, N (7)
Sieverling, L (7)
Torrents, D (7)
Wala, JA (7)
Saal, Lao (7)
Bohlin, Markus, 1976 ... (7)
visa färre...
Lärosäte
Lunds universitet (137)
RISE (79)
Karolinska Institutet (30)
Blekinge Tekniska Högskola (21)
Mälardalens universitet (16)
Uppsala universitet (15)
visa fler...
Göteborgs universitet (12)
Chalmers tekniska högskola (9)
Högskolan i Halmstad (5)
Linköpings universitet (5)
Stockholms universitet (4)
Örebro universitet (4)
Umeå universitet (2)
Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (2)
Luleå tekniska universitet (2)
Högskolan Väst (1)
Malmö universitet (1)
Mittuniversitetet (1)
Linnéuniversitetet (1)
visa färre...
Språk
Engelska (211)
Svenska (1)
Odefinierat språk (1)
Forskningsämne (UKÄ/SCB)
Naturvetenskap (109)
Medicin och hälsovetenskap (76)
Teknik (33)
Samhällsvetenskap (10)

År

Kungliga biblioteket hanterar dina personuppgifter i enlighet med EU:s dataskyddsförordning (2018), GDPR. Läs mer om hur det funkar här.
Så här hanterar KB dina uppgifter vid användning av denna tjänst.

 
pil uppåt Stäng

Kopiera och spara länken för att återkomma till aktuell vy