| 1. |
- Ahlin, Karin, 1963-
(författare)
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Benefits of Digital Technical Information
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In our daily work life, we use a wealth of information, including a category of information produced as a part of products and their life-cycle phases, named digital technical information (DTI). Manufacturing organizations focus more often on the product than on DTI, because DTI’s impact seems almost invisible, despite its crucial role to the product and its life-cycle phases, development, production, maintenance, and destruction. Hence, the aim of this thesis is to describe DTI’s benefits and the research questions: “What are the benefits of the DTI?” and “What are the perceptions of how to measure benefits of DTI?” The thesis contains five studies related to identifying and measuring DTI’s benefits. The empirical material is based on semi-structured interviews and group interviews within five organizations and a survey among manufacturing organizations in Sweden.I used three characteristics of the DTI and two pairs of previously known benefit categories to analyse the benefits. The analysis shows that the benefits are recognized in the particular product’s life cycle phase where the DTI is published. However, the DTI continues to offer benefits in the product’s other life cycle phases. In relationship to the product, the benefits evolve from supporting an individual product to supporting more general product lines or all products and a more complex product is said to increase DTI’s benefits. DTI’s structure adds benefits as synthesized or aggregated DTI, where the DTI is synthesized or aggregated automatically or manually. The categorization predetermined benefits related to the change are less numerous than the emerging benefits. The predetermined benefits are strategic by nature, and the emerging ones are mainly used to achieve operational goals. Measuring DTI’s benefits is of importance for a formal comparison of its development and is of special interest for managers. Perceptions from the initial stages on how to measure show that to establish common interpretations among the stakeholders of the measurement process is of importance, especially when it comes to what is viewed as a benefit. The benefits are viewed as intangible by the respondents, which creates difficulties when one is evaluating, using conventional measurement methods. The only perceived way to measure is when DTI reduces co-worker’s workload and efficiency is achieved. The thesis’s contribution to academia consists of the analysis of DTI’s benefits, showing details of the relationships between the DTI and its benefits. For practice, the contributions focus on the systematic evaluation process, which can be used for further development of the DTI and comparison of the evolvement of the DTI itself and relating to other resources. One proposal for future research is to use the analysed benefits and compare various approaches to digitizing DTI, e.g. Industry 4.0. Another proposal is to list, in detail, various ways on how to measure DTI’s benefits and their usefulness. The latter can positively impact on any intangible benefits due to the general approach we have established of how to measure those benefits.
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| 2. |
- Granholm, Martina, 1969-
(författare)
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Materialitetens roller och förutsättningar i kommunal krisledning
- 2019
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arbetet med denna licentiatavhandling har skett inom ramarna för det Interregionalt finansierade projektet Gränslös samverkan för ökad säkerhet 2. Syftet med avhandlingen har varit att fördjupa kunskapen om kommunal krisledning genom att också inkludera materialitetens medverkan i krisledningen och vilka förutsättningarna är för att de ska brukas. Med perspektivet av hur analoga och digitala resurser används under krisledning och vilka förutsättningar som finns för att detta ska göras skapas insikter att ta i beaktande när övningar och IT-stöd för övningar. Studier har genomförts med en kvalitativ ansats med litteraturstudier, intervjuer och observationer som datainsamlingsmetoder. Det empiriska materialet har därefter betraktats med meningsgivande (sensemaking) och affordans (affordance) som teoretiska perspektiv för att förstå materialitetens roll och förutsättning i kommunal krisledning.Avhandlingen visar att de förmågor som är återkommande under övningar är samverkan, kommunikation, informationsdelning och skapande av lägesbild. Ofta övas inte aktiviteterna i sin helhet då tekniska och analoga resurser inte innefattas i övningarna. Aktörerna övar därmed delar av görandet, att tänka kring exempelvis att skapa en lägesbild, och inte görandet som helhet som involverar materialitet. Aktörernas egna reflektioner från utvärderingarna är att de själva önskar mer övning med de tekniska resurser som de har till sitt förfogande. Artikel II visar att materialiteten tar en stor plats i det arbete som sker i krisledningsrummet. Materialiteten kan ses anta roller som strukturgivande, meningsgivande, tidsöverbryggande och distansöverbryggande. Den tredje ingående artikeln visar att förutsättningar för att kunna bedriva krisledning är att kunna hantera materialitetens roller och att det krävs flexibilitet då krisledningsgruppens sammansättning är beroende av krisens art och omfattning. Ytterligare en förutsättning är trygghet i den egna organisationen, att känna sin egen roll i krisledningsgruppen och att kunna hantera de analoga och digitala resurser som finns tillgängliga är även det en förutsättning för arbetet. Avslutningsvis visar arbetet också att tid är viktig. Tid att kunna öva de personer som ska ingå i krisledningsgruppen för att därmed kunna skapa den trygghet som behövs.
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| 3. |
- Granholm, Martina, 1969-
(författare)
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Verksamhetens påverkan på post-adoptiva teknikval
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Digitalisering beskrivs som en möjlighet att lösa samhällsproblem genom att stödja och utveckla verksamheter. Det visar sig bland annat genom investeringar i informationsteknologiska lösningar i samhället. Ny teknik skapas och befintliga digitala lösningar vidareutvecklas men hur kan vi veta att dessa digitala lösningar kommer att användas? Hur teknik sprids och hur individer och organisationer väljer att börja använda ett verktyg (adoption) är frågeställningar som informationssystemforskare har studerat under många årtionden. Tidigare forskning har fokuserat på teknikens, individens eller organisationens egenskaper och hur dessa inverkar på både teknikspridning och adoption av teknik. Den här avhandlingen väljer att förflytta perspektiv på två sätt. Det första perspektivet handlar om adoption. Adoption av teknik handlar om valet att börja använda en ny teknik. I den här avhandlingen har fokus varit inställt på post-adoption. Det vill säga vad är det som påverkar ett val mellan olika tekniker som användaren redan har börjat att använda. Den andra förflyttningen av perspektiv är att inte fokusera på teknikens, individens eller organisationens egenskaper. Istället har den här avhandlingen fokuserat på verksamheten som aktivitet. Avhandlingens studieobjekt har varit den lokala nivån i den svenska krisberedskapen. Syfte har varit att förstå hur verksamheten påverkar medarbetarnas val mellan befintliga tekniker. Följande fråga har drivit arbetet:Hur påverkar krisberedskapspraktiken de institutionella aktörernas post-adoptiva teknikval? Arbetet har haft en kvalitativ ansats där data har genererats genom observationer, intervjuer och dokumentstudier. Avhandlingen omfattar sju artiklar som var och en presenterar resultat som framkommit under de studier som genomförts. Den genererade datamängden har i avhandlingen aggregerats för att möjliggöra en övergripande analys ur ett aktivitetsteoretiskt perspektiv. Resultatet visar att ett verksamhetsperspektiv ger goda insikter i de val av teknik som görs av medarbetarna. Verksamhetsbaserade faktorer som normskillnader, regelverk och arbetsfördelning kan ses påverka medarbetaren i dennes val av teknik. Även platsen där verksamheten bedrivs påverkar teknikvalet genom sina möjligheter och begränsningar.
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| 4. |
- Klareld, Ann-Sofie, 1981-
(författare)
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Closer Together or Further Apart? : Public administration and archives in the digital age
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The research presented in this thesis is about recordkeeping in the public sector, focusing especially on the relationship between the public administration and its archives, and selected aspects affecting the way this relationship is developing in the digital era. Two research questions are addressed: RQ1: What are ‘archives’ and ‘recordkeeping’ in the digital context and the developing e-government? RQ2: What are the indications of current and future challenges regarding the cooperation between public administration and archives? Six studies resulting in six papers form the basis of the thesis. Each study explores a unique aspect of how current developments, discussions, and decisions affect contemporary understanding and practices regarding archives and recordkeeping. Public records are authoritative information resources, crucial in the everyday lives of citizens. Public recordkeeping develops continuously alongside administrative practices, technological achievements, and political goals. Examples include the development of shared services within the public sector and the involvement of the private sector in public infrastructure projects through outsourcing. These processes are currently affected both by digital technologies, which offer new possibilities to create, use, and preserve records, and by e-government, characterized by the combination of information and communication technologies with organizational change to improve public services and democratic participation. In these processes, existing practices are reviewed and revised, and the concepts of ‘archives’ and ‘recordkeeping’ redefined. The research was pursued using an interpretive approach. The research methods used were concept analysis; discourse analysis; literary warrant analysis; phenomenography; critical theory; and the records continuum model as a theoretical structure. The results shows that common usage of the terms ‘archive’ and ‘recordkeeping’ is fluid and changing, which can make decision-making challenging and affect the relationship between archives and administration. Efforts to develop recordkeeping strategies may be hampered by factors related to the different ways in which the nature and role of archives and recordkeeping are perceived, including differing understandings of related concepts; varying discourses on what an archive (or e-archive) is or should be, and different ways of interpreting legal frameworks and their significance.
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| 5. |
- Borglund, Erik A.M. 1969-
(författare)
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Design for Recordkeeping: Areas of Improvement
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is about problems related to design of information systems in which records are born and managed. The proactive approach has been derived from new archival theories suited for electronic recordkeeping, and implies that electronic records must, at the time of creation fulfil their current and future requirements. Information systems where records are born and managed should, based upon a proactive approach, meet recordkeeping requirements. This thesis is based upon a four-year research effort and consists of seven research articles that present the results of the research. The objective is to contribute to knowledge of design recommendations for information systems, in which records are born and managed. The main result of this thesis is identification of five areas that can affect and improve the design of information systems in which records are born and managed. First: A set of empirically and theoretical grounded characteristics of records are presented. Those characteristics have to be complemented with organization-defined characteristics. Second: this research has contributed a conceptualization of use of records and users of records. The notion of known use/user, and unknown use/user has been introduced. Design becomes difficult because requirements of unknown users are difficult to conceptualize. Third: The Recordkeeping Quality Assessment model (RQAM) is presented. The model implies a holistic quality approach to recordkeeping, and intends to be used as a basis for quality assessment, and as a reference model in design situations to achieve high recordkeeping quality. Fourth: Two dominant different views on records are presented. Private organizations appraise records principally upon business values, and public organisations base their appraisal criteria upon accountability and legislative values. The two views on records should be brought into one view and form a risk management-like appraisal. Fifth: Proactivity is a way of thinking and should be applied on several levels in the recordkeeping environment: to the electronic record, to the information system where the electronic record is born and managed, to the organization, and to the user.
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| 6. |
- Hellmer, Erica, 1980-
(författare)
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Att bevara för att använda? : Om användares och användninges betydelse i arkivet
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In times of increasing demands of access and use of records and archives, among the current political and private initiatives of both efficiency and innovation, and among developments of e-services and digitalization, new participatory initiatives are created. In the current times, as both users and potential users are gaining bigger roles as co-creators of records, it sets new demands on how these participatory perspectives could be contextualized in the archival practice.The aim of the thesis was to extend the knowledge of users, use of archives and archival records. Presented in the thesis, several studies have been conducted with the purpose of exploring how users and use are described in the literature of archival science, how use have been considered by different professions when analogue processes turn digital, and exploring what dictates the need of use. The studies have had a qualitative stance where the methods of data collection have consisted of interviews and a group interview, a focus group, a systematic literature review, and a participatory observation.The results show that the development of e-services is based on the need of the end-users/customers and that there is a risk that the role of the archival profession may disappear behind political incentives. Results also show that ‘user’ is a concept that is utterly bound to the heterogeneous contexts in which they are conceptualized, and that the user studies conducted within the archival domain elucidates the importance of gaining knowledge of the users’ perception and behavior. The thesis also shows that the concept of societal embeddedness as an analytical tool can be used to visualize the need of use of records. This can be used as a way to describe and contextualize the user perspective in a broader societal context.
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