| 1. |
- Alvedalen, Janna, et al.
(författare)
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A critical review of entrepreneurial ecosystems research : towards a future research agenda
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Planning Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-4313 .- 1469-5944. ; 25:6, s. 887-903
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) literature has attracted much attention, especially in policy circles. However, the concept suffers from a number of shortcomings: (1) it lacks a clear analytical framework that makes explicit what is cause and what is effect in an EE; (2) while being a systemic concept, the EE has not yet fully exploited insights from network theory, and it is not always clear in what way the proposed elements are connected in an EE; (3) it remains a challenge what institutions (and at what spatial scale) impact on the structure and performance of EE; (4) studies have often focused on the EE in single regions or clusters, but lack a comparative and multi-scalar perspective and (5) the EE literature tends to provide a static framework taking a snapshot of EE without considering systematically their evolution over time. For each of these shortcomings, we make a number of suggestions to take up in future research on EE.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Constructing Regional Advantage: Platform Policies Based on Related Variety and Differentiated Knowledge Bases
- 2011
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Ingår i: Regional Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-0591 .- 0034-3404. ; 45:7, s. 893-904
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ASHEIM B. T., BOSCHMA R. and COOKE P. Constructing regional advantage: platform policies based on related variety and differentiated knowledge bases, Regional Studies. This paper presents a regional innovation policy model based on the idea of constructing regional advantage. This policy model brings together concepts like related variety, knowledge bases and policy platforms. Related variety attaches importance to knowledge spillovers across complementary sectors. The paper categorizes knowledge into 'analytical' (science based), 'synthetic' (engineering based) and 'symbolic' (arts based) in nature, with different requirements of 'virtual' and real proximity mixes. The implications of this are traced for evolving 'platform policies' that facilitate economic development within and between regions in action lines appropriate to incorporate the basic principles behind related variety and differentiated knowledge bases.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bagley, Mark
(författare)
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The birth, life and death of firms in industrial clusters : The role of knowledge networks
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Three single-authored papers in this thesis will explore the role of knowledge and information in industrial clusters; and specifically, how knowledge plays a role inthe emergence and persistence of clusters. This thesis places a major emphasis on spinoff firms.The first paper uses a computational model to describe how patterns of industrial clustering arise with respect to the size of an initial firm when measured in terms of innovation. Technology is qualitatively described using a code set mapped on a cognitive space. Assuming inheritability of networking skills, I seek to model how the size of an initial firm influences future patterns of cluster formation through a model of technical cognition and a mimicking of creativity. Replicating the stylized facts of entrepreneurial cluster formation, we find initial firm size has a lasting impact on clustering patterns through its influence on the level of cognitive distance of the underlying agents.The second paper turns to networks as a tool of analysis to explore the relationship between a spinoff’s network and its geographical location within an industrial cluster. Although recent literature infers that the transmission of organizational attributes in industrial clusters is accomplished via passive network ties, this has not been directly measured. After controlling for firm size, parent size and age, we find that there a statistically significant and negative relationship between network efficiency and geographic distance to a cluster’s core.The third and final paper extends the use of networks to examine how knowledge flows, as conduits for routines and skills, affect the survival prospects for firms in industrial clusters. We consider knowledge transmission via two channels: those from inherited linkages and those from geographic proximity. It is found that a firm’s historical links formed through parent-spinoff networks have a significant impact on survival, which differ depending on the motivations of the entrepreneur. Moreover, the gains with respect to location are found to be nonlinear.
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| 6. |
- Balland, Pierre-Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
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Proximity and Innovation: From Statics to Dynamics
- 2015
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Ingår i: Regional Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-0591 .- 0034-3404. ; 49:6, s. 907-920
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Balland P.-A., Boschma R. and Frenken K. Proximity and innovation: from statics to dynamics, Regional Studies. Despite theoretical and empirical advances, the proximity framework has remained essentially static. A dynamic extension of the proximity framework is proposed that accounts for co-evolutionary dynamics between knowledge networking and proximity. For each proximity dimension, how proximities might increase over time as a result of past knowledge ties is described. These dynamics are captured through the processes of learning (cognitive proximity), integration (organizational proximity), decoupling (social proximity), institutionalization (institutional proximity), and agglomeration (geographical proximity). The paper ends with a discussion of several avenues for future research on the dynamics of knowledge networking and proximity.
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| 7. |
- Balland, Pierre-Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
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R&D subsidies and diversification in new industries and technologies in Swedish regions : a study of VINNOVA programs 2010-2012
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vi undersöker om det finns något samband mellan de forsknings- och utvecklingsprogram som Vinnova finansierade under perioden 2010-2012 och framväxten av nya branscher och tekniker i svenska regioner under följande år .I studien analyserar vi om svenska regioner som får mer FoI-finansiering inom en specifik bransch eller teknik också är mer benägna att bredda verksamheten genom fler verksamhetsgrenar inom denna bransch och teknik. Vi analyserar även om det finns någon koppling mellan utfall och krav på samverkan. Slutligen analyserar vi i vilken utsträckning FoI-bidrag kan kompensera för saknade lokala förmågor.Analysens resultatAnalysen ger oss starka bevis för att befintliga lokala förmågor villkorar införandet av nya branscher och ny teknik i svenska regioner. Om en region saknar relevanta förmågor såsom kunskaper och färdigheter så ökar kostnaderna för att utveckla en orelaterad ny verksamhet. Sannolikheten för att en sådan ny verksamhet kommer att växa fram i den regionen minskar därmed.Regioner som får bidrag via de studerade programmen är mer benägna att diversifiera sig till den bransch och teknik som finansieringen har riktats till. Detta gäller särskilt för teknisk diversifiering.Bidrag där det finns krav på samverkan ökar regioners benägenhet att diversifiera till nya branscher och tekniker. Vi ser dock ett positivt samband mellan bidrag utan krav på samverkan och utveckling av ny teknik i svenska regioner.Relevanta lokala förmågor stärker sannolikheten för att bidrag utan krav på samverkan ska leda till framgångsrik diversifiering.Bidrag ökar sannolikheten att generera ny kunskap som leder till nya patent och ny teknik, men inte nödvändigtvis till sysselsättningstillväxt och utveckling av nya branscher i en region, åtminstone inte på kort sikt.
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| 8. |
- Balland, Pierre-Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
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The technological resilience of US cities
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1752-1378 .- 1752-1386. ; 8:2, s. 167-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the resilience of cities by analysing the relative capacity to sustain their production of technological knowledge in the face of adverse events. Using patent applications in 366 Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the USA from 1975 to 2002, we analyse the vulnerability and response of cities to technological crises, defined as periods of sustained negative growth in patenting activity. We find that the frequency, intensity and duration of technological crises vary considerably across American cities. Econometric analysis suggests that cities with knowledge bases that are diverse, flexible and proximate to technologies in which they do not currently possess comparative advantage tend to avoid technological crises, have limited downturns in patent production and recover faster from crisis events.
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| 9. |
- Boschma, Ron
(författare)
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Do spinoff dynamics or agglomeration externalities drive industry clustering? A reappraisal of Steven Klepper's work
- 2015
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Ingår i: Industrial and Corporate Change. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0960-6491 .- 1464-3650. ; 24:4, s. 859-873
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Steven Klepper's theory of industry clustering based on organizational reproduction and inheritance through spinoffs challenged the Marshallian view on industry clustering. This article provides an assessment of Klepper's theoretical and empirical work on industry clustering. We explore how "new" his spinoff theory on industry clustering was, and we investigate the impact of Klepper's theory on the economic geography community. Klepper's work has inspired especially recent literature on regional branching that argues that new industries grow out of and recombine capabilities from local related industries. Finally, the article discusses what questions on industry location are still left open or in need of more evidence in the context of Klepper's theory.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Boschma, Ron, et al.
(författare)
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Geography, Skills and Technological Change
- 2013
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Ingår i: Regional Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-0591 .- 0034-3404. ; 47:10, s. 1615-1617
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
- Boschma, Ron, et al.
(författare)
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How does labour mobility affect the performance of plants? : The importance of relatedness and geographical proximity
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Geography. - : Oxford University Press. - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 9:2, s. 169-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses the impact of skill portfolios and labour mobility on plantperformance by means of a unique database that connects attributes of individuals to features of plants for the whole Swedish economy. We found that a portfolio of related competences at the plant level increases significantly productivity growth of plants, in contrast to plant portfolios consisting of either similar or unrelated competences. Based on the analysis of 101,093 job moves, we found that inflows of skills that are related to the existing knowledge base of the plant had a positive effect on plant performance, while the inflow of new employees with skills that are already present in the plant had a negative impact. Our analyses also show that geographical proximityinfluences the effect of different skill inflows. Inflows of unrelated skills only contribute positively to plant performance when these are recruited in the same region. Labour mobility across regions only has a positive effect on productivity growth of plants when this concerns new employees with related skills.
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| 13. |
- Boschma, Ron, et al.
(författare)
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Institutions and diversification: Related versus unrelated diversification in a varieties of capitalism framework
- 2015
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 44:10, s. 1902-1914
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The varieties of capitalism literature has drawn little attention to industrial renewal and diversification, while the related diversification literature has neglected the institutional dimension of industrial change. Bringing together both literatures, the paper proposes that institutions have an impact on the direction of the diversification process, in particular on whether countries gain a comparative advantage in new sectors that are close or far from what is already part of their existing industrial structure. We investigate the diversification process in 23 developed countries by means of detailed product trade data in the period 1995-2010. Our results show that relatedness is a stronger driver of diversification into new products in coordinated market economies, while liberal market economies show a higher probability to move in more unrelated industries: their overarching institutional framework gives countries more freedom to make a jump in their industrial evolution. In particular, we found that the role of relatedness as driver of diversification into new sectors is stronger in the presence of institutions that focus more on 'non-market' coordination in the domains of labor relations, corporate governance relations, product market relations, and inter-firm relations. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
- Boschma, Ron, et al.
(författare)
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Labour market externalities and regional growth in Sweden : the importance of labour mobility between skill-related industries
- 2014
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Ingår i: Regional studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0034-3404 .- 1360-0591. ; 48:10, s. 1669-1690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the relationship between labour market externalities and regional growth based on real labour flows. In particular, we test for the importance of labour mobility across so-called skill-related industries. We make use of a sophisticated indicator that measures the degree of skill-relatedness between all industries, and we employ actual labour flows between 435 4-digit industries within 72 Swedish functional labour market regions to estimate how labour market externalities are related to regional growth in the period 1998-2002. Both our fixed effect models and GMM-estimates demonstrate that a strong intensity of intra-regional labour flows between skill-related industries impacts positively on regional productivity growth, but less so on regional employment growth. Labour mobility between unrelated industries tends to dampen regional unemployment growth while a high degree of intra-industry labour flows is only found to be associated with rising regional unemployment.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Boschma, Ron, et al.
(författare)
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Labour mobility, related variety and the performance of plants : A Swedish study
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyses the impact of skill portfolios and labour mobility on plant performance by means of a unique database that connects attributes of individuals to features of plants for the whole Swedish economy. We found that a portfolio of related competences at the plant level increases significantly productivity growth of plants, in contrast to plant portfolios consisting of either similar or unrelated competences. Based on the analysis of 101,093 job moves, we found that inflows of skills that are related to the existing knowledge base of the plant had a positive effect on plant performance, while the inflow of new employees with skills that are already present in the plant had a negative impact. Our analyses show that inflows of unrelated skills only contribute positively to plant performance when these are recruited in the same region. Labour mobility across regions only has a positive effect on productivity growth of plants when this concerns new employees with related skills.
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| 17. |
- Boschma, Ron, et al.
(författare)
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Merger and Acquisition Activity as Driver of Spatial Clustering: The Spatial Evolution of the Dutch Banking Industry, 1850-1993
- 2014
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Ingår i: Economic Geography. - : Wiley. - 0013-0095. ; 90:3, s. 247-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates the extent to which merger and acquisition (M&A) activity contributed to the spatial clustering of the Dutch banking industry in Amsterdam. This analysis is based on a unique database of all banks in the Netherlands that existed in the period 1850-1993. We found that spatial clustering of the Dutch banking industry was not driven by the fact that banks performed better in the Amsterdam region: being located in Amsterdam decreased rather than increased the survival chances of banks. However, banks in Amsterdam were disproportionally active in acquiring other banks outside Amsterdam. Experience in M&As accumulated mainly in the Amsterdam region, which in turn had a positive impact on the survival chances of banks located there. Our findings suggest that M& A activity was a driving force behind the spatial clustering of the Dutch banking industry between 1850 and 1993.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Boschma, Ron, et al.
(författare)
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Relatedness and diversification in the European Union (EU-27) and European Neighbourhood Policy countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy. - 0263-774X. ; 34:4, s. 617-637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes the process of industrial diversification in the countries that were part of the European Union (EU-27) and those that were the target of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) in the period 1995–2010 by means of world trade data derived from the BACI database (elaborated UN Comtrade data). Our results show that in both the EU-27 and the ENP countries, the evolution of the productive structure—as proxied by the export mix—is strongly path-dependent: countries tend to keep a comparative advantage in products that are strongly related to their current productive structure, and they also diversify in nearby products. However, this effect is much stronger for ENP countries, signalling their lower resources and capabilities to diversify in products that are not very related to their productive structure. We also show that the future export structures of countries are affected by their imports: both the EU-27 and ENP countries keep a comparative advantage in products that are strongly related to their imports, but only EU countries show a strong capability to diversify in new products from related import sectors. Our results also hold when controlling for geographical and institutional proximity.
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| 21. |
- Boschma, Ron, et al.
(författare)
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Relatedness and technological change in cities: the rise and fall of technological knowledge in US metropolitan areas from 1981 to 2010
- 2015
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Ingår i: Industrial and Corporate Change. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0960-6491 .- 1464-3650. ; 24:1, s. 223-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates by means of US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) patent data whether technological relatedness at the city level was a crucial driving force behind technological change in 366 US cities from 1981 to 2010. Based on a three-way fixed-effects model, we find that the entry probability of a new technology in a city increases by 30% if the level of relatedness with existing technologies in the city increases by 10%, while the exit probability of an existing technology decreases by 8%.
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| 22. |
- Boschma, Ron
(författare)
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Relatedness as driver of regional diversification : a research agenda
- 2017
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Ingår i: Regional Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0034-3404 .- 1360-0591. ; 51:3, s. 351-364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relatedness as driver of regional diversification: a research agenda. Regional Studies. The regional diversification literature claims that regions diversify in new activities related to their existing activities from which new activities draw on and combine local capabilities. The paper offers a critical assessment and identifies a number of crucial issues for future research. It calls for (1) a disentanglement of the various types of capabilities that make regions diversify; (2) the inclusion of more geographical wisdom in the study of regional diversification, like a focus on the effects of territory-specific contexts, such as institutions; (3) a thorough investigation in the conditioning factors of related and unrelated diversification in regions; and (4) a micro-perspective on regional diversification that assesses the role of economic and institutional agents in a multi-scalar perspective.
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| 23. |
- Boschma, Ron, et al.
(författare)
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Scientific knowledge dynamics and relatedness in biotech cities
- 2014
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 43:1, s. 107-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the impact of scientific relatedness on knowledge dynamics in biotech at the city level during the period 1989-2008. We assess the extent to which the emergence of new research topics and the disappearance of existing topics in cities are dependent on their degree of scientific relatedness with existing topics in those cities. We make use of the rise and fall of title words in scientific publications in biotech to identify major cognitive developments within the field. We determined the degree of relatedness between 1028 scientific topics in biotech by means of co-occurrence of pairs of topics in journal articles. We combined this relatedness indicator between topics in biotech with the scientific portfolio of cities (i.e. the topics on which they published previously) to determine how cognitively close a potentially new topic (or an existing topic) is to the scientific portfolio of a city. We analyzed knowledge dynamics at the city level by looking at the entry and exit of topics in the scientific portfolio of 276 cities in the world. We found strong and robust evidence that new scientific topics in biotech tend to emerge systematically in cities where scientifically related topics already exist, while existing scientific topics had a higher probability to disappear from a city when these were weakly related to the scientific portfolio of the city. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 24. |
- Boschma, Ron, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a theory of regional diversification : combining insights from Evolutionary Economic Geography and Transition Studies
- 2017
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Ingår i: Regional Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0034-3404 .- 1360-0591. ; 51:1, s. 31-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Towards a theory of regional diversification: combining insights from Evolutionary Economic Geography and Transition Studies. Regional Studies. This paper develops a theoretical framework of regional diversification by combining insights from Evolutionary Economic Geography and Transition Studies. It argues that a theory of regional diversification should not only build on the current understanding of related diversification but also account for processes of unrelated diversification by looking at the role of agency in processes of institutional entrepreneurship, and at enabling and constraining factors at various spatial scales. This paper proposes a typology of four regional diversification trajectories by cross-tabulating related versus unrelated diversification with niche creation versus regime adoption, and it develops a number of propositions.
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| 25. |
- Boschma, Ron
(författare)
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Towards an Evolutionary Perspective on Regional Resilience
- 2015
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Ingår i: Regional Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-0591 .- 0034-3404. ; 49:5, s. 733-751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Boschma R. Towards an evolutionary perspective on regional resilience, Regional Studies. This paper proposes an evolutionary perspective on regional resilience. It conceptualizes resilience not just as the ability of a region to accommodate shocks, but extends it to the long-term ability of regions to develop new growth paths. A comprehensive view on regional resilience is proposed in which history is key to understand how regions develop new growth paths, and in which industrial, network and institutional dimensions of resilience come together. Resilient regions are capable of overcoming a trade-off between adaptation and adaptability, as embodied in related and unrelated variety, loosely coupled networks and loosely coherent institutional structures.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Ellwanger, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Who Acquires Whom? The Role of Geographical Proximity and Industrial Relatedness in Dutch Domestic M&As between 2002 and 2008
- 2015
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Ingår i: Tijdschrift Voor Economische en Sociale Geografie. - : Wiley. - 0040-747X. ; 106:5, s. 608-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In economic geography, geographical proximity has been identified as a key driver of M&A activity. In this context, little attention has yet been drawn to the effect of industrial relatedness, which refers to the similarity and complementarity of business activities. We examine 1,855 domestic M&A deals announced between 2002 and 2008 in the Netherlands, and we assess the extent to which geographical proximity and industrial relatedness affect M&A partnering. Our study shows that geographical proximity drives domestic M&A deals, even at very detailed spatial scales like the municipality level. We also found evidence that companies that share the same or complementary industries are more likely to engage in an M&A deal. Logistic regressions show that the effect of industrial relatedness is stronger than the effect of geographical proximity and that the effect of geographical proximity is stronger in unrelated than related target selection.
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| 29. |
- Frenken, Koen, et al.
(författare)
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Geographic clustering in evolutionary economic geography
- 2015
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Ingår i: Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Economic Geography. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9780857932662 - 9780857932679 ; , s. 291-302
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evolutionary economic geography (EEG) explains the spatial evolution of firms, industries, networks, cities and regions from elementary processes of the entry, growth, decline and exit of firms, and their locational behaviour. In an evolutionary approach to economic geography, one typically reasons from the historical processes that have led to particular spatial patterns such as uneven levels of economic development or clustering of economic activity. The current distribution of economic activity across space is thus understood as an outcome of largely contingent, yet path-dependent, historical processes.
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| 30. |
- Heimeriks, Gaston, et al.
(författare)
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The path- and place-dependent nature of scientific knowledge production in biotech 1986-2008
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Geography. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 14:2, s. 339-364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the worldwide spatial evolution of scientific knowledge production in biotechnology in the period 1986-2008. We employ new methodology that identifies new key topics in biotech on the basis of frequent use of title worlds in major biotech journals as an indication of new cognitive developments within this scientific field. Our analyses show that biotech is subject to a path- and place-dependent process of knowledge production. We observed a high degree of re-occurrences of similar key topics in biotech in consecutive years. Furthermore, slow growth cities in biotech are characterized by topics that are less technologically related to other topics, while high growth cities in biotech contribute to topics that are more related to the entire set of existing topics. Slow growth and stable growth cities in biotech introduced more new topics, while fast growth cities in biotech introduced more promising topics. Slow growth cities also showed low levels of research collaboration, as compared with stable and high growth cities.
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| 31. |
- Kekezi, Orsa, et al.
(författare)
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Returns to migration after job loss-The importance of job match
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : Sage Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 53:6, s. 1565-1587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Loss of specific human capital is often identified as a mechanism through which displaced workers might experience permanent drops in earnings after job loss. Research has shown that displaced workers who migrate out of their region of origin have lower earnings than those who do not. This paper extends the discussion on returns to migration by accounting for the type of jobs people get and how related they are to their skills. Using an endogenous treatment model to control for selection bias in migration and career change, we compare displaced stayers with displaced movers in Sweden. Results show that migrants who get a job that matches their occupation- and industry-specific skills display the highest earnings among all displaced workers. If migration is combined with a job mismatch, earning losses are instead observed. This group experiences the lowest earnings among all displaced workers.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Neffke, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Agents of Structural Change: The Role of Firms and Entrepreneurs in Regional Diversification
- 2018
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Ingår i: Economic Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0013-0095 .- 1944-8287. ; 94:1, s. 1-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Who introduces structural change in regional economies: Entrepreneurs or existing firms? And do local or nonlocal establishment founders create most novelty in a region? We develop a theoretical framework that focuses on the roles different agents play in regional transformation. We then apply this framework, using Swedish matched employer–employee data, to determine how novel the activities of new establishments are to a region. Incumbents mainly reinforce a region’s current specialization: incumbent’s growth, decline, and industry switching further align them with the rest of the local economy. The unrelated diversification required for structural change mostly originates via new establishments, especially via those with nonlocal roots. Interestingly, although entrepreneurs often introduce novel activities to a local economy, when they do so, their ventures have higher failure rates compared to new subsidiaries of existing firms. Consequently, new subsidiaries manage to create longer-lasting change in regions.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Neffke, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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How Do Regions Diversify Over Time? Industry Relatedness and the Development of New Growth Paths in Regions
- 2011
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Ingår i: Economic Geography. - : Wiley. - 0013-0095. ; 87:3, s. 237-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedThe question of how new regional growth paths emerge has been raised by many leading economic geographers. From an evolutionary perspective, there are strong reasons to believe that regions are most likely to branch into industries that are technologically related to the preexisting industries in the regions. Using a new indicator of technological relatedness between manufacturing industries, we analyzed the economic evolution of 70 Swedish regions from 1969 to 2002 with detailed plant-level data. Our analyses show that the long-term evolution of the economic landscape in Sweden is subject to strong path dependencies. Industries that were technologically related to the preexisting industries in a region had a higher probability of entering that region than did industries that were technologically unrelated to the region's preexisting industries. These industries had a higher probability of exiting that region. Moreover, the industrial profiles of Swedish regions showed a high degree of technological cohesion. Despite substantial structural change, this cohesion was persistent over time. Our methodology also proved useful when we focused on the economic evolution of one particular region. Our analysis indicates that the Linkoping region increased its industrial cohesion over 30 years because of the entry of industries that were closely related to its regional portfolio and the exit of industries that were technologically peripheral. In summary, we found systematic evidence that the rise and fall of industries is strongly conditioned by industrial relatedness at the regional level.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Neffke, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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The Dynamics of Agglomeration Externalities along the Life Cycle of Industries
- 2011
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Ingår i: Regional Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-0591 .- 0034-3404. ; 45:1, s. 49-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedThe dynamics of agglomeration externalities along the life cycle of industries, Regional Studies. This paper investigates the changing roles of agglomeration externalities along the industry life cycle. It is argued that industries have different agglomeration needs in different stages of their life cycles because their mode of competition, innovation intensity, and learning opportunities change over time. For twelve Swedish manufacturing industries, it is determined for each year between 1974 and 2004 whether the industry is in a young, intermediate, or mature stage. Whereas Marshall-Arrow-Romer (MAR) externalities steadily increase with the maturity of industries, the effects of local diversity (Jacobs' externalities) are positive for young industries, but decline and even become negative for more mature industries. [image omitted] Neffke F., Henning M., Boschma R., Lundquist K.-J. et Olander L.-O. La dynamique des effets externes d'agglomeration tout au long du cycle de vie des industries, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche a examiner l'evolution du role des effets externes d'agglomeration tout au long du cycle de vie des industries. On soutient que les atouts de l'agglomeration varient suivant la phase du cycle de vie parce que le mode de competition, l'intensite de l'innovation, et les possiblites d'apprentissage des industries evoluent dans le temps. On determine pour douze industries suedoises et pour chaque annee de 1974 a 2004 si, oui ou non, une industrie est a un niveau naissant, intermediaire ou avance. Tandis que les effets externes Marshall-Arrow-Romer (MAR) augmentent regulierement au fur et a mesure du developpement des industries, les effets de la diversite locale (effets externes Jacobs) s'averent positifs pour les industries naissantes mais diminuent, voire s'averent negatifs, pour ce qui est des industries plus avancees. Cycle de vie des industries Agglomeration Effets externes Evolution Marshall-Arrow-Romer (MAR) Jacobs Neffke F., Henning M., Boschma R., Lundquist K.-J. und Olander L.-O. Die Dynamik von Agglomerationsexternalitaten wahrend des Lebenszyklus von Branchen, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir die wechselnden Rollen von Agglomerationsexternalitaten im Laufe des Lebenszyklus von Branchen. Wir stellen die These auf, dass die Branchen in verschiedenen Phasen ihrer Lebenszyklen verschiedene Agglomerationsbedurfnisse aufweisen, da sich die Art ihres Wettbewerbs, die Intensitat der Innovationen und die Chancen zum Lernen im Laufe der Zeit verandern. Anhand von zwolf produzierenden Branchen Schwedens wird fur jedes Jahr von 1974 bis 2004 festgestellt, ob sich die Branchen jeweils in einem jungen, mittleren oder reifen Stadium befinden. Wahrend die Marshall-Arrow-Romer-(MAR)-Externalitaten mit zunehmender Reife der Branchen gleichmassig zunehmen, fallen die Auswirkungen der lokalen Diversitat (Jacobs-Externalitaten) fur junge Branchen positiv aus, nehmen dann aber fur reifere Branchen ab und werden schliesslich sogar negativ. Lebenszyklus von Branchen Agglomeration Externalitaten Evolution Marshall-Arrow-Romer (MAR) Jacobs Neffke F., Henning M., Boschma R., Lundquist K.-J. y Olander L.-O. Las dinamicas de los efectos externos de aglomeracion en el ciclo vital de las industrias, Regional Studies. En este articulo analizamos las funciones cambiantes de los efectos externos de aglomeracion en el ciclo vital de sectores industriales.Argumentamos que las industrias tienen diferentes necesidades de aglomeracion en distintas fase de sus ciclos vitales ya que su modo de competicion, intensidad de innovacion y oportunidades de aprendizaje evolucionan con el tiempo. En doce sectores industriales manufactureros de Suecia se determino para cada ano desde 1974 a 2004 si la industria estaba en una fase joven, intermedia o madura. Mientras que los efectos externos Marshall-Arrow-Romer (MAR) aumentan de forma constante con la madurez de las industrias, los efectos de la diversidad local (las externalidades de Jacob) son positivas en las industrias jovenes, no obstante para las industrias mas maduras los efectos entran en declive e incluso se vuelven negativos. Ciclo vital de las industrias Aglomeracion Efectos externos Evolucion Marshall-Arrow-Romer (MAR) Jacobs.
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| 38. |
- Neffke, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Aging and Technological Relatedness on Agglomeration Externalities
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Geography. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 12:2, s. 485-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study localization, urbanization and Jacobs’ externality effects on plant survival in Sweden (1970–2004). We focus on two questions: (i) do agglomeration externalities change with the age of plants? and (ii) what is the role of technological relatedness among local industries? We find that agglomeration externalities affect survival chances of plants. This effect, however, differs between corporate and non-affiliated plants. Furthermore, we find that Jacobs’ externalities benefit only young plants, whereas urbanization externalities harm plants at all ages. Localization externalities are insignificant, while the local presence of technologically related industries substantially increases survival rates of plants.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Timmermans, Bram, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of intra- and inter-regional labour mobility on plant performance in Denmark: the significance of related labour inflows
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Geography. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 14:2, s. 289-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates the impact of labour mobility on plant performance in Denmark. Our study shows that the effect of labour mobility can only be assessed when one accounts for the type of skills that flow into the plant and the degree to which these match the existing skills at the plant level. As expected, we found that the inflow of skills that are related to skills in the plant impacts positively on plant productivity growth, while inflows of skills that are similar to the plant skills have a negative effect. We used a sophisticated indicator of revealed relatedness that measures the degree of skill relatedness between sectors on the basis of the intensity of labour flows between sectors. Intra-regional mobility of skilled labour had a negative effect on plant performance, but the impacts of intra- and inter-regional mobility depended on the type of skills that flow into the plant.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Tödtling, Franz, et al.
(författare)
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Regional innovation systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: Handbook of Regional Innovation and Growth. - 0857931504 - 9781848444171 ; , s. 455-466
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 45. |
- Wesselink, Edzard, et al.
(författare)
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European Neighbourhood Policy : History, Structure, and Implemented Policy Measures
- 2017
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Ingår i: Tijdschrift Voor Economische en Sociale Geografie. - : Wiley. - 0040-747X. ; 108:1, s. 4-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective is to provide an overview of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). Focus will be on the history of the ENP and its goals, the institutional structure of the ENP, and the policy measures that have been carried out through the ENP. The evolution of the ENP is traced from its origins in a 2003 European Commission communication to the broad and multifaceted policy that it is nowadays. Then the institutional dimension of the ENP, with both its thematic and spatial elements on a sub-national, national, regional and interregional level will be explored. Finally, we present the specific policy measures that have been implemented on an interregional, regional, and national level.
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| 46. |
- Xiao, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Industrial Diversification in Europe : The Differentiated Role of Relatedness
- 2018
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Ingår i: Economic Geography. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0013-0095 .- 1944-8287. ; 94:5, s. 514-549
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is increasing interest in the drivers of industrial diversification, and how these depend on economic and industry structures. This article contributes to this line of inquiry by analyzing the role of industry relatedness in explaining variations in industry diversification, measured as the entry of new industry specializations, across 173 European regions during the period 2004-2012. First, we show that there are significant differences across regions in Europe in terms of industrial diversification. Second, we provide robust evidence showing that the probability that a new industry specialization develops in a region is positively associated with the new industry's relatedness to the region's current industries. Third, a novel finding is that the influence of relatedness on the probability of new industrial specializations depends on innovation capacity of a region. We find that relatedness is a more important driver of diversification in regions with a weaker innovation capacity. The effect of relatedness appears to decrease monotonically as the innovation capacity of a regional economy increases. This is consistent with the argument that high innovation capacity allows an economy to break from its past and to develop, for the economy, truly new industry specializations. We infer from this that innovation capacity is a critical factor for economic resilience and diversification capacity.
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| 47. |
- Xiao, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Resilience in the European Union : the effect of the 2008 crisis on the ability of regions in Europe to develop new industrial specializations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Industrial and Corporate Change. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0960-6491 .- 1464-3650. ; 27:1, s. 15-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article adopts an evolutionary framework to the study of industrial resilience. We present a study on European regions and assess the extent to which the capacity of their economies to develop new industrial specializations is affected by the global economic crisis of 2008. We compare levels of industry entry in European regions in the period 2004-2008 and 2008-2012, i.e. before and after a major economic disturbance. Resilient regions are defined as regions that show high entry levels or even increase their entry levels after the shock. Related and unrelated variety exhibit a positive effect on regional resilience, especially on the entry of knowledge-intensive industries after the shock.
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| 48. |
- Xiao, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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The emergence of Artificial Intelligence in European regions: the role of a local ICT base
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to investigate how a regional knowledge base in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) influences the emergence of AI technologies in European regions. Replying on patent data and studying the knowledge production of AI technologies in 233 European regions in the period of 1994 to 2017, our study reveals three results. First, ICTs are a major knowledge source of AI technologies and their importance has been increasing over time. Second, a regional knowledge base in ICTs is highly relevant for regions to engage in AI inventing. Third, the effects of regional knowledge base of ICTs are stronger for regions that recently caught up in AI inventing. Our findings suggest that ICTs play a critically enabling role for regions to diversify into AI technologies, especially in catching-up regions.
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| 49. |
- Xiao, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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The emergence of artificial intelligence in European regions : the role of a local ICT base
- 2023
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Ingår i: Annals of Regional Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0592 .- 0570-1864. ; 71:3, s. 747-773
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to investigate how a regional knowledge base of information and communication technologies (ICTs) influences the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in European regions. Relying on patent data and studying the knowledge production of AI technologies in 233 European regions in the period from 1994 to 2017, our study reveals three results. First, ICTs are a major knowledge source of AI technologies, and their importance has been increasing over time. Second, a regional knowledge base of ICTs is highly relevant for regions to engage in AI inventing. Third, the effects of a regional knowledge base of ICTs are stronger for regions that have recently caught up regarding AI inventing. Our findings suggest that ICTs play a critically enabling role for regions to diversify into AI technologies, especially for regions’ catching up in terms of AI inventing.
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