| 1. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Adam, J., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of dijet k(T) in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 746, s. 385-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A measurement of dijet correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector is presented. Jets are reconstructed from charged particles measured in the central tracking detectors and neutral energy deposited in the electromagnetic calorimeter. The transverse momentum of the full jet (clustered from charged and neutral constituents) and charged jet (clustered from charged particles only) is corrected event-by-event for the contribution of the underlying event, while corrections for underlying event fluctuations and finite detector resolution are applied on an inclusive basis. A projection of the dijet transverse momentum, k(Ty) = p(T,jet)(ch+ne) sin(Delta phi(dijet)) with Delta phi(dijet) the azimuthal angle between a full and charged jet and p(T,jet)(ch+ne) the transverse momentum of the full jet, is used to study nuclear matter effects in p-Pb collisions. This observable is sensitive to the acoplanarity of dijet production and its potential modificationin p-Pb collisions with respect to pp collisions. Measurements of the dijet k(Ty) as a function of the transverse momentum of the full and recoil charged jet, and the event multiplicity are presented. No significant modification of k(Ty) due to nuclear matter effects in p-Pb collisions with respect to the event multiplicity or a PYTHIA8 reference is observed. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 3. |
- Munk, P., et al.
(författare)
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Genomic analysis of sewage from 101 countries reveals global landscape of antimicrobial resistance
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of individual antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to develop sustainable strategies combatting this threat. Here, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse ARGs in 757 sewage samples from 243 cities in 101 countries, collected from 2016 to 2019. We find regional patterns in resistomes, and these differ between subsets corresponding to drug classes and are partly driven by taxonomic variation. The genetic environments of 49 common ARGs are highly diverse, with most common ARGs carried by multiple distinct genomic contexts globally and sometimes on plasmids. Analysis of flanking sequence revealed ARG-specific patterns of dispersal limitation and global transmission. Our data furthermore suggest certain geographies are more prone to transmission events and should receive additional attention.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Diaz, Ben P., et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal mixed layer depth shapes phytoplankton physiology, viral production, and accumulation in the North Atlantic
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seasonal shifts in phytoplankton accumulation and loss largely follow changes in mixed layer depth, but the impact of mixed layer depth on cell physiology remains unexplored. Here, we investigate the physiological state of phytoplankton populations associated with distinct bloom phases and mixing regimes in the North Atlantic. Stratification and deep mixing alter community physiology and viral production, effectively shaping accumulation rates. Communities in relatively deep, early-spring mixed layers are characterized by low levels of stress and high accumulation rates, while those in the recently shallowed mixed layers in late-spring have high levels of oxidative stress. Prolonged stratification into early autumn manifests in negative accumulation rates, along with pronounced signatures of compromised membranes, death-related protease activity, virus production, nutrient drawdown, and lipid markers indicative of nutrient stress. Positive accumulation renews during mixed layer deepening with transition into winter, concomitant with enhanced nutrient supply and lessened viral pressure. Phytoplankton are important primary producers. Here the authors investigate phytoplankton physiological changes associated with bloom phases and mixing regimes in the North Atlantic, finding that stratification and deep mixing shape accumulation rates by altering physiology and viral production.
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| 6. |
- Niimi, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of wine sensory properties using mid-infrared spectra of Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay grape berries and wines
- 2021
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Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study determined optimal parameters to four preprocessing techniques for mid-infrared (MIR) spectra of wines and grape berry homogenates and tested MIR's ability to model sensory properties of research Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay wines. Savitsky-Golay (SG) derivative, smoothing points, and polynomial order, and extended multiplicative signal correction (EMSC) polynomial were investigated as preprocessing techniques at 2, 2, 5, and 3 levels, respectively, all in combination. Preprocessed data were analysed with partial least squares regression (PLS) to model the wine sensory data and the regression coefficients of PLS calibration models (R2) were further analysed with multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). SG transformations were significant factors from the MANOVA that influenced R2, while EMSC did not. Overall, PLSR models that predicted wine sensory characteristics gave a poor to moderate R2. Consistently predicting wine sensory attributes within a variety and across vintages is challenging, regardless of using grape or wine spectra as predictors.
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| 7. |
- Niimi, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Application of sequential and orthogonalised-partial least squares (SO-PLS) regression to predict sensory properties of Cabernet Sauvignon wines from grape chemical composition
- 2018
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Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 256, s. 195-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study determined the applicability of sequential and orthogonalised-partial least squares (SO-PLS) regression to relate Cabernet Sauvignon grape chemical composition to the sensory perception of the corresponding wines. Grape samples (n = 25) were harvested at a similar maturity and vinified identically in 2013. Twelve measures using various (bio)chemical methods were made on grapes. Wines were evaluated using descriptive analysis with a trained panel (n = 10) for sensory profiling. Data was analysed globally using SO-PLS for the entire sensory profiles (SO-PLS2), as well as for single sensory attributes (SO-PLS1). SO-PLS1 models were superior in validated explained variances than SO-PLS2. SO-PLS provided a structured approach in the selection of predictor chemical data sets that best contributed to the correlation of important sensory attributes. This new approach presents great potential for application in other explorative metabolomics studies of food and beverages to address factors such as quality and regional influences
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| 8. |
- Niimi, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Linking sensory properties and chemical composition of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries to wine
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. - : American Society for Enology and Viticulture. - 0002-9254 .- 1943-7749. ; 68:3, s. 357-368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is conventional wine industry practice for winemakers and grapegrowers to taste winegrapes to determine their fitness for producing various wine styles of different quality. However, the ability to predict wine style from tasting grapes is unverified, and the relationship among the sensory characters of grapes and wine is poorly understood. The objective of the study was to investigate the sensory properties of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and the corresponding wines, and to determine the relationships between the two data sets. Grapes were harvested between 23 and 25 Brix from eight locations across the state of South Australia over two vintages and vinified using a standardized protocol. A total of 25 samples from across the eight locations were harvested for each vintage. The grapes and wines were evaluated by a sensory panel trained in descriptive analysis. Grapes were evaluated using the berry sensory assessment (BSA) methodology previously described in the literature, and the basic chemical parameters of the grapes and wines were measured. Samples were consistently discriminated by their chemical and sensory properties within the grape and by wine data sets across the vintages. Five sensory attributes of wine were consistently modeled with moderate to high regressions using BSA attributes and berry-chemical measures. Finding berry sensory attributes that consistently relate to wine style and profile remains challenging. The basic chemical measures, including Brix, anthocyanins, and chroma of grape homogenates, were reliable contributors to wine sensory attributes for both vintages.
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| 9. |
- Niimi, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Linking the sensory properties of chardonnay grape Vitis vinifera cv. Berries to wine characteristics
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. - : American Society for Enology and Viticulture. - 0002-9254 .- 1943-7749. ; 69:2, s. 113-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formal or informal sensory analyses of grapes are often used to determine when a parcel of fruit should be harvested to produce a certain wine style. This study investigated whether relationships exist between sensory perceptions and basic chemical measures of Chardonnay grape berries and the corresponding wines. Chardonnay grape parcels were harvested at commercial maturity from across South Australia in vintages 2015 and 2016, yielding a total of 25 and 24 samples, respectively. Grapes were evaluated using berry sensory assessment (BSA) and vinified identically using small-scale winemaking, and the resulting wines were evaluated with descriptive sensory analysis. Sensory assessors were trained in the respective sensory evaluation methods. Chardonnay grape and wine samples were discriminated by the panel according to sensory attributes, and the fruit could also be discriminated by basic chemistry measures. However, differences in Chardonnay wines were subtle compared with those in grapes, as indicated by low effect sizes. Moderate validation models (R2 Val = 0.53 to 0.81) of partial least squares regression (PLSR) 1 were determined in the 2015 vintage, using BSA attributes as x-variables and wine sensory attributes as y-variables, but poor models were obtained with the 2016 vintage (R2 Val < 0.5). In the 2015 models, relationships were found for wine attributes of heat, sourness, and astringency, possibly due to slight variations in ripeness. Strong relationships that revealed wine style from variations in grapes were not found. Overall, relating the sensory characteristics of Chardonnay grapes to the wines was challenging and indicated that variation in style of these varietal wines does not greatly depend on the raw grape material.
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| 10. |
- Niimi, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Objective measures of grape quality : From Cabernet Sauvignon grape composition to wine sensory characteristics
- 2020
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Ingår i: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie. - : Academic Press. - 0023-6438 .- 1096-1127. ; 123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an investigation of objective measures that link grape composition to wine quality, this study sought to identify Cabernet Sauvignon grape parameters that predict the sensory properties of the corresponding wines. Eleven chemical measures comprising volatile and non-volatile compounds, enzyme activity plus standard industry harvest measurements were applied to grape samples obtained from different regions throughout South Eastern Australia over three vintages. Grapes underwent controlled vinification and the resulting wines evaluated with sensory descriptive analysis. The entire multi-vintage data sets were combined and modelled using a combination of partial least squares (PLS) and sequential and orthogonalised (SO) -PLS regression techniques. Optimal models were obtained with single sensory attributes rather than global modelling with the entire sensory profile. Five grape chemical measures, which in the main were harvest parameters, were used along with colour, total phenolics and tannin, targeted volatiles, and flavonols, and orthogonalised to model 14 sensory attributes of the Cabernet Sauvignon wines. The seven remaining measures were not used due to their poor ability to model wine sensory attributes, with enzyme activity and tannin by HPLC explaining the least. The study revealed new insights into the relationship between grape chemistry and wine sensory characters, which has implications for developing an objective measurement system for determining grape quality.
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| 11. |
- Niimi, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Sensory profiling and quality assessment of research Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay wines; quality discrimination depends on greater differences in multiple modalities
- 2018
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Ingår i: Food Research International. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0963-9969 .- 1873-7145. ; 106, s. 304-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sensory profiles of Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay research wines were determined and analysed together with wine quality scores of expert judges. Research Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay wines from three and two vintages, respectively, were evaluated. Wines of both varieties were produced with grapes harvested from across South Australian wine making regions throughout 2013–2016 vintages. Wines within varieties were vinified identically across samples and also across vintages. Wines were profiled in triplicate using descriptive analysis with a panel of trained assessors (n = 9–11) and graded for quality in triplicate by winemakers (n = 6–9) using a sorting task based on similarity of quality and with the aid of definitions formed by the winemakers prior to sorting. The data sets were analysed using canonical variate analysis (CVA) and multidimensional scaling (MDS). The scores from CVA and MDS per variety per vintage were analysed using Generalised Procrustes Analysis (GPA). Differences in Cabernet Sauvignon samples by provenance were determined, where associations with regions by sensory attributes were observed in all vintages. These wines were consistently sorted based on quality by the winemakers, evident from GPA. Chardonnay in comparison were poorly discriminated in both sensory profiles and quality. The combination of descriptive sensory analysis with sorting was complimentary to each other and was able to uncover additional information about the sensory properties of wines when the two methods were used in concert, such as balance and complexity. However the red wine variety had more intrinsic characteristics that lead to better discrimination based on sensory properties and hence quality than the white wine variety.
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