| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bossetta, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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A podcasting primer
- 2020
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Ingår i: PS - Political Science and Politics. - 1049-0965. ; 53:2, s. 329-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bossetta, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Antisemitism on Social Media Platforms : Placing the Problem into Perspective
- 2022
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Ingår i: Antisemitism on Social Media. - 9781003200499 - 9781032059747 - 9781032059693 ; , s. 227-241
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter provides a survey of the existing quantitative research on antisemitism and social media. Through doing so, it argues that the sheer quantity of antisemitism on social media is much less than commonly perceived. In addition, the chapter argues that quantitative research often neglects counter-narratives calling out antisemitism, which are an important counterpoint to include in antisemitism research on social media. Then, the chapter discusses how specific components of platform design help explain why antisemitism is likely to surface on some plaftforms but not others. Through this theoretical lens, the chapter compares the design of major social media platforms to online forums. The comparison highlights why memes typically originate in online forums and then are pushed towards more public and mainstream social media platforms. Ultimately, the chapter argues that future research on antisemitism and social media should approach studying antisemitic content across online spaces, with specific attention to the effects of such content on users’ potential for radicalization.
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| 6. |
- Bossetta, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-Platform Emotions and Audience Engagement in Social Media Political Campaigning : Comparing Candidates’ Facebook and Instagram Images in the 2020 US Election
- 2023
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Ingår i: Political Communication. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1091-7675 .- 1058-4609. ; 40:1, s. 48-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study provides a cross-platform, longitudinal investigation of pictures depicting political candidates posted to Facebook and Instagram over a 15-month period during the 2020 US election(n = 4,977). After motivating an exploratory research design, we set out to expound: the extent of cross-platform image posting across Facebook and Instagram; the emotion expression of politicians across the two platforms; and the relationship between these emotions and post performance. Our analysis of eight political campaigns (seven Democratic challengers and the Republican incumbent) finds relatively high and stable levels of cross-posting candidate pictures across the two platforms. The exception is the incumbent campaign, where cross-posting activity rose in proximity to the primary elections. Regarding emotions, we utilize both computer vision and crowd coding to identify happiness as the dominant emotion on Facebook and Instagram. Overall, we detect little variation in candidate emotion expressions – across campaigns and across platforms. However, we do find differences in how platform audiences respond to emotions, proxied here through post performance. Results from binomial logistic regressions show that in comparison with Calm, posts exhibiting Anger are less likely to overperform on both Facebook and Instagram. Most interestingly, we find diverging patterns for Happiness, which performs better than Calm on Instagram but not on Facebook. We interpret these findings to suggest first, that Instagram users reward emotionality from politicians. Second and more importantly, we argue that differing audience responses to emotions – captured through social media metrics – may reveal a generation polarization in what different segments of the electorateprefer their political leaders to be.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bossetta, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Engaging with European Politics Through Twitter and Facebook : Participation Beyond the National?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Social Media and European Politics : Rethinking Power and Legitimacy in the Digital Era - Rethinking Power and Legitimacy in the Digital Era. - 9781137598899 - 9781137598905 ; , s. 53-76
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our chapter illustrates how citizens can enact varying styles and degrees of political engagement through social media. It also investigates if citizens engage with political content in ways unhindered by national boundaries. We distinguish between three primary types of content styles (factual, partisan and moral) and four degrees of engagement (making, commenting, diffusing and listening). Moreover, we argue that differences in Twitter and Facebook’s digital architectures encourage certain styles and degrees of engagement over others, and that the two social platforms sustain different levels of transnational activity. Supporting our argument with European cases, we suggest that Twitter is more suitable to fulfil social media’s transnational promise than Facebook, which is better adept at stimulating political participation.
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| 9. |
- Bossetta, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Gamification in Politics
- 2022
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Ingår i: Elgar Encyclopedia of Technology and Politics. - 9781800374263 - 9781800374256 ; , s. 304-308
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although gamification is a popular term, the concept has rarely been applied to political studies. Therefore, this chapter provides an overview of the key features of gamification and offers an adapted definition of gamification suited to the study of electoral politics. To help illustrate this definition, two examples of gamification from recent campaigns are discussed: the uCampaign mobile application and contests promoted on social media. In concluding, I suggest theoretical and methodological approaches to study gamification in politics moving forward.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Bossetta, Michael
(författare)
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Political Campaigning Games : Digital Campaigning With Computer Games in European National Elections
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Communication. - 1932-8036. ; 13, s. 3422-3443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines how politically themed computer games function as digital campaigning tools during elections. To make sense of this understudied phenomenon, the concept of political campaigning games (PCGs) is introduced and defined as advergames that promote a partisan political position in an electoral context. The study bridges theoretical literatures from game studies, media studies, and political communication to mount the argument that PCGs convey a persuasive political message through the rhetorical devices deployed in political cartoons as well as computer games. Methodologically, I develop a framework for rhetorical game analysis and apply it to 4 games from European national elections. The analysis expounds the games’ strategic political messages as well as how they are rhetorically argued through game mechanics. The findings reveal that PCGs exemplify changing dynamics in digital campaigning, reify the enduring effectiveness of conflict framing, and codify how games can be designed to enact political rhetoric.
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| 12. |
- Bossetta, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Political participation on Facebook during Brexit : Does user engagement on media pages stimulate engagement with campaigns?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Language and Politics. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1569-9862. ; 17:2, s. 173-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates, over an 18-month period surrounding the 2016 Brexit referendum, the commenting activity of nearly 2 million Facebook users engaging with political news from British media or with the posts of referendum campaigns. We ask whether citizens’ engagement with political news on Facebook motivates their participation with political campaign posts, and we examine whether users commenting on campaign pages trend towards ideologically reinforcing media. Overall, we find comparatively low levels of commenting activity on the official referendum campaigns vis-à-vis the media, and the majority of users (70%) commented only once. Looking at the subset of users commenting on both page types (“cross-posters”), we identify a general spillover effect from media to campaign pages, suggesting a positive correlation between political interest and online participation on Facebook. Reverse spillover occurs immediately around and after the vote, with Remain cross-posters active on The Guardian while Leave cross-posters’ media engagement registers as more diffuse.
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| 13. |
- Bossetta, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Reconceptualizing Cross-Cutting Political Expression on Social Media : A Case Study of Facebook Comments During the 2016 Brexit Referendum
- 2023
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Ingår i: Political Communication. - 1091-7675. ; 40:6, s. 719-741
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Political communication research has long sought to understand the effects of cross-cutting exposure on political participation. Here, we argue for a paradigm shift that acknowledges the agency of citizens as producers of cross-cutting expression on social media. We define cross-cutting expression as political communication through speech or behavior within a counter-attitudinal space. After explicating our conceptualization of cross-cutting expression, we empirically explore: its extent, its relationship to political arguments, and its implications for digital campaigning during the 2016 Brexit Referendum. Our dataset, comprising 2,198,741 comments from 344,884 users, is built from Facebook comments to three public campaign pages active during the Brexit referendum: StrongerIn, VoteLeave, and LeaveEU. We utilize reactions data to sort partisans into “Remain” and “Brexit” camps and, thereafter, chart users’ commenting flows across the three pages. We estimate 29% of comments to be cross-cutting, and we find strong correlations between cross-cutting expression and reasoned political arguments. Then, to better understand how cross-cutting expression may influence political participation on social media, we topic model the dataset to identify the political themes discussed during the Brexit debate on Facebook. Our findings suggest that political Facebook pages are not echo chambers, that cross-cutting expression correlates with reasoned political arguments, and that cross-cutting expression may influence the online voter mobilization potential of political Facebook pages.
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| 14. |
- Bossetta, Michael
(författare)
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Scandalous Design : How Social Media Platforms’ Responses to Scandal Impacts Campaigns and Elections
- 2020
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Ingår i: Social Media + Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 2056-3051. ; 6:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Given the role of social media in the modern election, scholars should not only study how platforms function for political actors; we should also study how platforms function as political actors. This essay therefore introduces the concept of scandalous design, which refers to programmatic changes in how social media operate in response to scandal. On the one hand, scandals can encourage changes in the architectural design of social media as products—that is, how platform providers introduce or manipulate features to mitigate the consequences of scandal. On the other, the concept of scandalous designrecognizes the agency of these platforms as companies, who alter their organizational protocols in pursuit of furthering their business interests and generating goodwill with governments. The essay’s main argument is that deconstructing platforms’ responses to scandal can provide an empirical glimpse into how social media companies position themselves as political actors. I break down scandalous design into four typological groups: the introduction and manipulation of platform features, and changes to platforms’ analog and digital protocols. The typology is buttressed by recent empirical examples fromelections in the United States, European Union, India, Brazil, and China. Without cognizance of how platforms’ operation—both digitally as products and politically as actors—evolves in response to scandal, scholars risk overlooking a key mechanism that contextualizes social media’s role in contemporary elections.
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| 15. |
- Bossetta, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Shouting at the wall : Does negativity drive ideological cross-posting in Brexit Facebook comments?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Social Media and Society, SMSociety 2018. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450363341 ; , s. 246-250
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a novel methodological approach to measure emotions in Facebook comments, this Work in Progress (WIP) paper explores the relationship between negative feelings and ideological cross-posting behavior. Using the VoxPopuli data harvester, we collect over 770,000 public Facebook comments1 from the three major political campaign pages active during the Brexit referendum. After sorting users into ideological camps based on their reactions to campaign posts, we then examine their commenting patterns across ideological lines. Using three different methods of sentiment analysis, we identify negative and positive emotions and their fine-grained sub-categories in comments. The analysis reveals one quarter of all comments are cross-ideological posts, with Leave supporters overwhelmingly active in commenting on Remain posts. A comparison across the campaigns shows that Brexiteers are much more likely to express anger than Remainers.
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| 16. |
- Bossetta, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Social Media Digital Architectures : A Platform-First Approach to Political Communication and Participation
- 2023. - 2nd
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Ingår i: Handbook of Digital Politics. - 9781800377578 - 9781800377585 ; , s. 226-241
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter outlines the architectural approach to researching digital politics. An architectural approach focuses on platform structures and how they mediate, and can actively affect, users’ political agency online and offline. I first chart the lineage of architectural approaches in the social sciences, from discourse architectures to digital architectures. Then, I describe the process of ‘mapping,’ which theorizes how the functions of social media are built into empirically observable elements of platform design. To illustrate this mapping process, I present four functions of social media and map them onto various features of mainstream social media platforms. The purpose is to show how platform design features can have concrete implications for political processes. Here, the political process under examination is citizens’ political participation. Ultimately, my intent with this chapter is argue against the use of conceptually vague concepts like affordances by providing an alternative and less ambiguous concept – namely, digital architectures.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- De Wilde, Pieter, et al.
(författare)
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Analyzing Citizen Engagement With European Politics on Social Media
- 2022
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Ingår i: Politics and Governance. - : Cogitatio. - 2183-2463. ; 10:1, s. 90-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Contributions in this thematic issue focus explicitly on citizens and their online engagement with European politics. For social media research in the European Union, citizens remain an understudied actor type in comparison with political elites or news organizations. The reason, we argue, is four key challenges facing social media research in the European Union: legal, ethical, technical, and cultural. To introduce this thematic issue, we outline these four challenges and illustrate how they relate to each contribution. Given that these challenges are unlikely to dissipate, we stress the need for open dialogue about them. A key part of that involves contextualizing research findings within the constraints in which they are produced. Despite these challenges, the contributions showcase that a theoretical and empirical focus on citizens’ social media activity can illuminate key insights into vitally important topics for contemporary Europe. These include civic participation, institutional communication, media consumption, gender inequality, and populism.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Dutceac Segesten, Anamaria, et al.
(författare)
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A typology of political participation online : How citizens used Twitter to mobilize during the 2015 British general elections
- 2017
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Ingår i: Information Communication and Society. - 1369-118X. ; 20:11, s. 1625-1643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates how, and to what extent, citizens use Twitter as a platform for political mobilization in an electoral context. Conceptualizing political participation as a process, we develop a typology of political participation designed to isolate mobilizing calls for action from the rest of the political discussion online. Based on Twitter data collected one week prior to the 2015 British general election, we then identify the top 100 most retweeted accounts using the hashtag #GE2015, classify them by actor type, and perform a content analysis of their Twitter posts according to our typology. Our results show that citizens – not political parties – are the primary initiators and sharers of political calls for action leading up to the election. However, this finding is largely due to an uneven distribution of citizen-driven mobilizing activity. A small number of highly active users, typically supporters of nationalist parties, are by far the most active users in our dataset. We also identify four primary strategies used by citizens to enact mobilization through Twitter: in-text calls for action, hashtag commands, sharing mobilizing content, and frequent postings. Citizens predominantly expressed political calls for action through Twitter’s hashtag feature, a finding that supports the notion that traditional conceptions of political participation require nuance to accommodate the new ways citizens are participating in the politics of the digital age.
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| 21. |
- Dutceac Segesten, Anamaria, et al.
(författare)
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Can Euroscepticism Contribute to a European Public Sphere? : The Europeanization of Media Discourses about Euroscepticism across Six Countries
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Common Market Studies. - : Wiley. - 0021-9886 .- 1468-5965. ; 57:5, s. 1051-1070
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study compares the media discourses on euroscepticism in 2014 in six countries (the UK, Ireland, France, Spain, Sweden and Denmark). We assessed the extent to which the mass media's reporting of euroscepticism indicates the Europeanization of public spheres. Using a mixed-methods approach combining latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modelling and qualitative coding, we find that approximately 70 per cent of print articles mentioning ‘euroscepticism’ or ‘eurosceptic’ are framed in a non-domestic (i.e., European) context. In five of the six cases studied, articles exhibiting a European context are strikingly similar in content, with the British case as the exception. However, coverage of British euroscepticism drives Europeanization in other member states. Bivariate logistic regressions further reveal three macro-level structural variables that significantly correlate with a Europeanized media discourse: the newspaper type (tabloid or broadsheet), the presence of a strong domestic eurosceptical party and relationship to the EU budget (net contributor or receiver of EU funds).
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Dutceac Segesten, Anamaria, et al.
(författare)
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Sharing is caring : Labour supporters use of social media #GE2017
- 2017
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Ingår i: UK Election Analysis 2017 : Media, Voters and the Campaign - Media, Voters and the Campaign. - 9781910042151 - 9781910042144 ; , s. 91-91
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Social media has opened up a new tactical front for political campaigns, and the 2017 General Election showed how citizens – armed with smartphones, computers, and tablets – actively enlisted their support in the online electoral battleground. In this report, we look at how Labour supporters leveraged the platform-specific features of different social media to widely promote their favored candidate or cause.
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| 26. |
- Dutceac Segesten, Anamaria, et al.
(författare)
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The Cueing Power of Comments on Social Media : How Disagreement in Facebook Comments Affects User Engagement with News
- 2022
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Ingår i: Information, Communication & Society. - 1369-118X. ; 25:8, s. 1115-1134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research demonstrates that conflict framing in news articles can influence individuals’ attention, selection, and distribution of news. However, no study has examined whether the valence of social media comment fields can trigger similar effects for news engagement on Facebook. In this mixed-methods study, we combine eye tracking with surveys, and conduct an experiment in which participants (n = 96) were exposed to 20 Facebook news posts from the Swedish tabloid Aftonbladet. Under each post, we presented participants with a pair of real (but anonymized) Facebook comments that were either in agreement or disagreement with one another. We then examined how this manipulation influenced participants’ visual attention to comment fields, their self-reported likelihood to click on the post to read the full story, and their self-reported likelihood to share the news post to their Facebook network. Our results show that comments in disagreement increased users’ visual attention to comments, decreased their likelihood to share the post, and had no effect on their likelihood to read the news article associated with the post. Thus, the presence of disagreement in comments does cue news engagement on Facebook, but the effect is not uniform across different news engagement behaviors. Moreover, engagement with hard versus soft news topics also varied. Disagreement in comments to Facebook posts about soft news topics (Entertainment, Society, and Sports) increased users’ attention to the comments field. In contrast, comment disagreement for hard news topics (Economy and Politics) reduced users’ attention to the comment field, as well as their self-reported likelihood to read the post.
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| 27. |
- Dutceac Segesten, Anamaria, et al.
(författare)
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The Eurosceptic Europeanization of public spheres: print and social media reactions to the 2014 European Parliament elections.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Comparative European Politics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-4790 .- 1740-388X. ; 17, s. 361-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study tests the theoretical claim that Eurosceptics contribute to the Europeanization of national public spheres. Although advocating a renationalization of European politics, Eurosceptic parties can engender public media debates of transnational or European relevance. Through a comparative research design of two national cases (Sweden and Denmark), we examine the public discourse on the day following the 2014 European Parliament elections across three media: print, Twitter, and Facebook. Separating the discussions of Eurosceptic issues and actors from other topics of the election coverage, we find that the discourses about Euroscepticism exhibit a higher degree of Europeanization in four of the six media analyzed. Moreover, while we detect significant differences in valence between the Swedish and Danish press when reporting about the Eurosceptics, such national variation is much less pronounced on the social networking sites. The findings suggest, firstly, that Eurosceptics’ contestation of the EU may have the unintended effect of giving national media debates a stronger European dimension. Secondly, the study warrants moderate optimism for the Europeanization potential of social media vis-à-vis traditional media structures: Print media was more Europeanized in scope, whereas social media publics were more aligned in their sentiment toward Euroscepticism.
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| 28. |
-
Excellent MSc Dissertations 2021
- 2022
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this sixth edition of the Excellent MSc Dissertation series, eight students present condensed versions of their Master’s theses, completed for the MSc degree in Media and Communication Studies at Lund University. Viewed together, the eight dissertations comprising this book illustrate three key themes of media and communication scholarship. The first is the central role of media and communication in contemporary society. Second, the included contributions reveal that the ordinary, upon closer investigation, is far from mundane. Third, these contributions showcase media not only as an object of study but also a means of study.The eight contributions in this book exemplify what staff at the Department of Communication and Media consider to comprise an excellent dissertation at the Master’s level. By publishing this book, we hope to inspire future students to follow the lead of these authors in being inquisitive, innovative, and rigorous in their research projects. For readers, we trust that engaging with these texts will provoke new insights into how media reflects, reifies, and reinterprets the world around us.
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| 29. |
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Excellent MSc Dissertations 2022
- 2023. - Lund
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this seventh edition of the Excellent MSc Dissertation series, four students present condensed versions of their Master’s theses, completed for the MSc degree in Media and Communication Studies at Lund University. Separately and together, the four contributions in this book exemplify what staff at the Department of Communication and Media consider to comprise an excellent dissertation at the Master’s level. In Chapter 1, Max Herrmann investigates the cultural, social, and political resonance of Hamilton as it reverberates across social media platforms. In Chapter 2, Valeriia Sementina similarly focuses on a key historical interpretation through popular culture, namely the Russian state-funded film Union of Salvation. In Chapter 3, Filippa Jonsson shows how the present can also give new life to rituals of the past, specifically through an ethnographic study of Instagram witches in contemporary Sweden. In Chapter 4, Kerstin Sophie Uebele analyzes modern norms and practices of sexual knowledge production through a case study of the Pornhub Sexual Wellness Center.Our aim in publishing this book is to inspire future students to be inquisitive, innovative, and rigorous in their research projects. The social world is constantly in flux, and novel perspectives and cases like the ones included here are needed to truly comprehend our world as it changes.
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| 30. |
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Excellent MSc Dissertations 2023
- 2024
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this eighth edition of the Excellent MSc Dissertation series, five students present condensed versions of their Master’s theses, completed for the MSc degree in Media and Communication Studies at Lund University. These students presented their dissertations in May 2023 and earned the highest mark. During the Fall of 2023, the dissertations were revised to a shorter length of 14,000 words for publication in the series Förtjänstfulla examensarbeten i medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap (FEA). The series was launched by Media and Communication Studies at Lund University in 2008 to increase the visibility and reward high quality student research. Separately and together, the five contributions in this book exemplify what staff at the Department of Communication and Media consider to comprise an excellent dissertation at the Master’s level. In Chapter 1, L. Leão Alves broadens our understanding of media representation through an analysis of male queer engagement with the popular podcast series My Dad Wrote a Porno. In Chapter 2, Klara Avsec explores the framing and alliance-building strategies of deplatformed far-right activists on Telegram. In Chapter 3, Yunshan Jiang dissects relationships between queer drama series characters and their LGBTQ+ fans through interviews and a poetic analysis of Killing Eve. In Chapter 4, Anna Ledro examines the concept of believability in the Depp v. Heard trial through a content analysis of TikToks and interviews with Gen Z women. In Chapter 5, Mercy Malikwa analyzes the everyday representations and power struggles of female Malawian YouTubers through a document review and production interviews with these content creators. Our aim in publishing this book is to inspire future students to be inquisitive, innovative, and rigorous in their research projects. The ability to understand the social world is uniquely human, and novel perspectives and cases like the ones included here deftly illustrate our knowledge building capacity.
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| 31. |
- Freelon, Deen, et al.
(författare)
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Black trolls matter : Racial and ideological asymmetries in social media disinformation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Social Science Computer Review. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-8286 .- 0894-4393. ; 40:3, s. 560-578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent rise of disinformation and propaganda on social media has attracted strong interest from social scientists. Research on the topic has repeatedly observed ideological asymmetries in disinformation content and reception, wherein conservatives are more likely to view, redistribute, and believe such content. However, preliminary evidence has suggested that race may also play a substantial role in determining the targeting and consumption of disinformation content. Such racial asymmetries may exist alongside, or even instead of, ideological ones. Our computational analysis of 5.2 million tweets by the Russian government-funded “troll farm” known as the Internet Research Agency sheds light on these possibilities. We find stark differences in the numbers of unique accounts and tweets originating from ostensibly liberal, conservative, and Black left-leaning individuals. But diverging from prior empirical accounts, we find racial presentation—specifically, presenting as a Black activist—to be the most effective predictor of disinformation engagement by far. Importantly, these results could only be detected once we disaggregated Black-presenting accounts from non-Black liberal accounts. In addition to its contributions to the study of ideological asymmetry in disinformation content and reception, this study also underscores the general relevance of race to disinformation studies.
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| 32. |
- Schmøkel, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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FBAdLibrarian
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The FBAdLibrarian is a simple, command line tool that archives images from unique hyperlinks offered by the Facebook Ad Library API.At the time of writing, Facebook permits the downloading of individual ad creatives such as images for academic research purposes. The Librarian assists researchers with this process. Users must have verified their identity with Facebook, received the appropriate access tokens for the API, and use this tool only for academic research purposes.The Librarian works as follows. First, the Librarian takes the ad_snapshot_url of an ad and creates a unique hyperlink, using the researcher's access tokens. Then, the Librarian looks up each ad individually. If the ad includes an image, the Librarian saves the image to an output folder and names the image according to the post’s unique ad identification number (or "adlib_id"). If the ad includes an embedded video, the Librarian will pass over the ad, but it will document the adlib_id as a video in an accompanying "metadata.txt" file.PrerequisitesPython 3 (Currently tested on 3.7 but might work on other versions)Verified access to Facebook Ad LibraryOutput data from Facebook Ad Library in xlsx format with semi-colon seperator (other formats and seperators are not supported as of now)
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| 33. |
- Schmøkel, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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FBAdLibrarian and Pykognition: open science tools for the collection and emotion detection of images in Facebook political ads with computer vision
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Information Technology & Politics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1933-1681 .- 1933-169X. ; 19:1, s. 118-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a methodological workflow using two open science tools that we developed. The first, FBAdLibrian, collects images from the Facebook Ad Library. The second, Pykognition, simplifies facial and emotion detection in images using computer vision. We provide a methodological workflow for using these tools and apply them to a case study of the 2020 US primary elections. We find that unique images of campaigning candidates are only a fraction (<.1%) of overall ads. Furthermore, we find that candidates most often display happiness and calm in their facial displays, and they rarely attack opponents in image-based ads from their official Facebook pages. When candidates do attack, opponents are portrayed as displaying emotions such as anger, sadness, and fear.
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| 34. |
- Schmøkel, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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Pykognition
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Python wrapper for AWS Rekognition APIPykognition is a Python wrapper for the Amazon Web Service (AWS) Rekognition API, which provides industry-grade face and emotion detection. For facial detection, the algorithm provides a score for the predicted probability that the image includes a face (or multiple faces). Each face is categorized in a FaceDetail object, which carries a host of metadata such as predicted age, gender, and the emotion predicted to be displayed by each face.The emotion classifications provided by the algorithm are: Happy, Sad, Angry, Confused, Disgusted, Surprised, Calm, Fear, and Unknown. Each emotion classification is accompanied by a confidence score ranging up to 99.9%.Pykognition simplifies the process of classifying images with the Rekognition API. Once the researcher establishes an AWS account, they only need to insert their access tokens and an input path where the images are stored. The ‘ifa’ function (short for Image Face Analysis) sends images for classification to the Rekognition API and returns both the classification and metadata.PrerequisitesPython 3 (Is tested on 3.7 but might work on other versions)Access to AWS Rekogntion API
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