| 1. |
- Anderson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Structure and locomotion of adult in vitro regenerated spiral ganglion growth cones : a study using video microscopy and SEM
- 2006
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Ingår i: Hearing Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-5955 .- 1878-5891. ; 215:1-2, s. 97-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuronal development and neurite regeneration depends on the locomotion and navigation of nerve growth cones (GCs). There are few detailed descriptions of the GC function and structure in the adult auditory system. In this study, GCs of adult dissociated and cultured spiral ganglion (SG) neurons were analyzed in vitro utilizing combined high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and time lapse video microscopy (TLVM). Axon kinesis was assessed on planar substratum with growth factors BDNF, NT-3 and GDNF. At the nano-scale level, lamellipodial abdomen of the expanding GC was found to be decorated with short surface specializations, which at TLVM were considered to be related to their crawling capacity. Filopodia were devoid of these surface structures, supporting its generally described sensory role. Microspikes appearing on lamellipodia and axons, showed circular adhesions, which at TLVM were found to provide anchorage of the navigating and turning axon. Neurons and GCs expressed the DCC-receptor for the guidance molecule netrin-1. Asymmetric ligand-based stimulation initiated turning responses suggest that this attractant cue influences steering of GC in adult regenerating auditory neurites. Hopefully, these findings may be used for ensuing tentative navigation of spiral ganglion neurons to induce regenerative processes in the human ear.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten : Resurs- och miljööversikt 2012
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta är den nionde utgåvan av den samlade översikten över fisk- och kräftdjursbeståndens status i våra vatten. Kunskap om fiskbestånden och miljön är en förutsättning för att utnyttjandet av fiskresurserna skall bli bärkraftigt. För svenska vattenområden beskrivs miljöutvecklingen i ett ekosystemsperspektiv, dels för att tydliggöra fiskens ekologiska roll och beskriva yttre miljöfaktorer som påverkar fiskbestånden, dels för att belysa fiskets effekter på miljön.Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten är utarbetad av Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), Institutionen för akvatiska resurser (SLU Aqua), på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten. Rapporten sammanfattar utveckling och beståndsstatus för de kommersiellt viktigaste fisk- och kräftdjursarterna i våra vatten. Bedömningar och förvaltningsråd är baserade på Internationella Havsforskningsrådets (ICES) rådgivning, SLU Aquas nationella och regionala provfiskedata, samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Boran, Colm, et al.
(författare)
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Saving Lives with V2X versus On-Board Sensing Systems -Which will be More Effective?
- 2012
-
Ingår i: SAE Technical Papers. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191 .- 2688-3627. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infrastructure systems such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2X) communication can theoretically prevent nearly all accidents by gathering the speed, locations, and travel directions of traffic participants, and intervening to control vehicle motion as required to help prevent collisions. However, during the phase-in of the communication systems, there will be many vehicles and many roads that do not have the communication systems in place, and therefore the system will not be effective in those cases. This lack of availability is likely the main disadvantage.On-board sensing (autonomous) systems such as cameras and radar sensors may not detect all potential hazards (e.g. due to weather, or hidden hazards), but they are effective in many situations and can help prevent crashes without depending on communication with infrastructure or other vehicles.This paper evaluates and compares the effectiveness of communication and on-board sensing technology in saving lives. Various implementation scenarios and system capabilities are investigated.
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| 5. |
- Boström, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of pain and health-related quality of life between two groups of cancer patients with differing average levels of pain
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 12:5, s. 726-735
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study was performed to describe and compare pain and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in two groups of cancer patients in palliative care as well as to describe the correlation between pain and HRQOL. ○ Forty-seven patients with mild average pain [Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) < 3] and 28 patients with moderate to severe average pain (VAS > 3) were included. Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36) was used to evaluate HRQOL, pain intensity levels were measured with the VAS on Pain-O-Meter. ○ Compared to patients with mild pain, patients with moderate to severe pain had statistically significant, higher pain intensity for the items 'pain at time of interview', 'worst pain in the past 24 hours' and 'pain interrupting sleep.' They also had the lowest scores of the SF-36 dimensions: physical functioning, role-physical, and bodily pain. Patients with moderate to severe pain had statistically significant, fewer months of survival. There were statistically significant positive correlations between pain items and negative correlation between pain and SF-36 dimensions. ○ The conclusion is that pain has a negative impact on HRQOL, especially on physical health and that pain increases towards the final stages of life. Even if patients have to endure symptoms such as fatigue and anxiety during their short survival time, dealing with pain is an unnecessary burden, which can be prevented.
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| 6. |
- Boström, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer patients' experiences of care related to pain management before and after palliative care referral
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Care. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0961-5423 .- 1365-2354. ; 13:3, s. 238-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pain is the main problem for patients with cancer referred to palliative care (PC). Pain management in PC requires a multidimensional approach. A questionnaire was used to determine cancer patients' experiences of care related to pain management, before and after being referred to PC, and to also discover possible correlations between pain control and other aspects of care. Seventy-five consecutive patients from two PC teams were included in the study. The patients had experienced a statistically significant (P < 0.01) improvement in care after being referred to PC, despite the fact that pain control had not been optimized. Patients' description of 'pain control' after being referred to PC had a statistically significant correlation with their 'feeling of security' and 'continuity of care' throughout the same period. The conclusion is that care provided in PC is vital to successful pain management. Pain control depends not only on analgesics but also on many other aspects of care provided by the nurse. Continuity of care and the opportunity to talk increases the patients' feeling of security, which is also of utmost importance to successful pain management.
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| 7. |
- Boström, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer-related pain in palliative care : patients' perceptions of pain management
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 45:4, s. 410-419
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pain is still a significant problem for many patients with cancer, despite numerous, clear and concise guidelines for the treatment of cancer-related pain. The impact of pain cognition on patients' experiences of cancer-related pain remains relatively unexplored. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how patients with cancer-related pain in palliative care perceive the management of their pain. Method: Thirty patients were strategically selected for interviews with open-ended questions, designed to explore the pain and pain management related to their cancer. The interviews were analysed using a phenomenographic approach. Findings: Patients described 10 different perceptions of pain and pain management summarized in the three categories: communication, planning and trust. In terms of communication, patients expressed a need for an open and honest dialogue with health care professionals about all problems concerning pain. Patients expressed an urgent need for planning of their pain treatment including all caring activities around them. When they felt trust in the health care organization as a whole, and in nurses and physicians in particular, they described improved ability and willingness to participate in pain management. While the findings are limited to patients in palliative care, questions are raised about others with cancer-related pain without access to a palliative care team. Conclusion: The opportunity for patients to discuss pain and its treatment seems to have occurred late in the course of disease, mostly not until coming in contact with a palliative care team. They expressed a wish to be pain-free, or attain as much pain relief as possible, with as few side effects as possible.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Boström, Bengt-Ove, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Enighet eller pluralism?
- 1999
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Ingår i: Statsvetenskaplig tidskrift. - 0039-0747. ; 102:3, s. 311-317
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Boström, Bengt-Ove, 1950
(författare)
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Politiken och det undermedvetna
- 1994
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Ingår i: Vår lösen. - 0346-4679. ; 85:7/8, s. 574-581
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Boström, Bengt-Ove, 1950
(författare)
-
Universitetets kompetens måste användas mer effektivt
- 2007
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Ingår i: Göteborgs-Posten (GP).
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Trots den enastående kompetens som finns inom universitetet används den inte så effektivt som den borde. Göteborgs universitet har skapat samverkansseminarierna på Jonsereds herrgård, med det uttalade syftet att skapa kontakter mellan praktiker i samhället och akademiker från skilda discipliner, skriver Bengt-Ove Boström, rektorsråd vid Göteborgs universitet.
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| 16. |
- Boström, Bengt-Ove, 1950
(författare)
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Utmaningen : om ansvar, kvalitet och ledning i universitet och högskolor
- 2011
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Boken Utmaningen behandlar frågor om ansvar, kvalitet och ledning för den autonoma akademin. Varför bör akademiska lärosäten och deras lärare och forskare vara autonoma? Vilket ansvar medför autonomin, och hur kan akademin axla det ansvaret? Vilken roll kan och bör ledningen spela?
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Boström, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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Pain and health-related quality of life among cancer patients in final stage of life : a comparison between two palliative care teams
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Management. - Chichester, West Sussex : Blackwell Publishing. - 0966-0429 .- 1365-2834. ; 11:3, s. 189-196
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A two-centred descriptive study was performed in order to describe and compare pain and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among cancer patients, in their final stage of life. The patients were cared for by either a nurse-led palliative care team I (PCT I) or a physician-led palliative care team II (PCT II). Forty-six consecutive, stratified patients (PCT I, n = 21 and PCT II, n = 25) participated. The medical outcomes study short form 36 (SF-36) was used for evaluating HRQOL and the Pain-O-Meter for assessing pain. Patients' pain intensity, pain quality and HRQOL showed no significant difference between the two groups PCT I and PCT II. The patients from PCT I had significantly longer survival time (P = 0.017) than those from PCT II. The different composition of the teams being led by nurses or physicians is worth further research; both from the patient's and staff's viewpoint, there may also be cost-benefits worth examining.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Boström, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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Survey of post-operative patients' pain management
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Management. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 0966-0429 .- 1365-2834. ; 5:6, s. 341-349
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although effective pain treatment is available for both cancer-related pain and acute post-operative pain, many patients suffer unnecessarily. The aim of this study was to evaluate post-operative patients' pain management. A descriptive survey study was conducted in a 460-bed acute hospital in the southwestern part of Sweden. One hundred post-operative inpatients, on their second post-operative day, took part in the study. They were consecutively selected from six surgical wards. Data were collected using an interview questionnaire designed by the American Pain Society and analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics. At the time of the interview, 29 of the patients reported moderate to severe pain. Regarding the patients' worst pain experienced during the last 24 h, 79 of them reported moderate to very severe pain. Significant correlations were found between reported poor pain relief after pain medication and high intensity of pain both within the last 24 h and at the time of the interview. Eighty-three patients were satisfied with the way nurses treated their pain, while 64 patients were satisfied with the way physicians treated their pain. However, the higher the pain intensity experienced by the patients the less satisfied they were. The fact that patients do not know what kinds of relief are available may be one reason for the patients expressing satisfaction despite being in pain, another that the patients judge the kindness of the staff rather than their way of treating the pain. The field of pain management is rapidly changing requiring professional knowledge and experience in order to ensure pain management of good quality.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Boström, Curt-Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Miljöbelastningsindex för emissioner av stoft till luft. Framtagning av miljöbelastningsindex för stoft och användning av dessa vid värdering av ökad stoftrening vid stålverk.
- 1994
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vid ökad reningsgrad för stoft efter stålugnar minskar miljöbelastningen till följd av minskande stoftutsläpp, men ökar på grund av ökande energianvändning. I föreliggande arbete har en rening till 98% jämförts med en rening till 99%. Det har därvid antagits att stoftemissionen halverats vid 99% och energiförbrukningen ökat med 50 kwh/ton producerat stål jämfört med vad som är fallet vid 98% rening. Vid värderingen av utsläppens miljöpåverkan har EPS-systemet använts. Värderingen innebär i huvudsak att man uppskattar stoftutsläppets (inkl. metaller och PAH) och förbrukade naturresursers påverkan på fem skyddsobjekt (hälsa, biologisk mångfald, ekosystemens produktion, naturresurser och estetiska värden) och jämför detta med motsvarande påverkan från energiproduktionen. Resultatet visar att man med de förutsättningar, som använts redan har passerat optimum för reningsgraden från miljösynpunkt. Osäkerheter beträffande växthuseffektens omfattning, verklig energiåtgång och en del metallers påverkan på skogstillväxten gör att signifikansnivån i resultaten sänks.
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| 24. |
- Boström, Elisabeth Almer, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Salivary resistin reflects local inflammation in Sjögrens syndrome
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 35:10, s. 2005-2011
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of resistin in primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) and its relation to local inflammation. METHODS: Blood and saliva were collected from 37 patients with pSS (duration of symptoms 12.6+/-1 yrs) and 32 healthy controls. Expression of resistin in salivary glands was visualized immunohistologically, and levels of resistin were detected by ELISA. Levels of resistin were evaluated at baseline and following oral dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment (50 mg/day). The effect of DHEA treatment on the secretion of resistin was assessed in vitro in human leukocytes after challenge with insulin and lipopolysaccharide. RESULTS: Levels of resistin in saliva were significantly higher in patients with pSS than in controls, while circulating levels of resistin were similar in both groups. Resistin was expressed in the epithelial cells of striated ducts and in the lymphocytic foci. Resistin levels in saliva were related to the intensity of inflammation in the minor salivary glands of pSS patients. No changes of the levels of resistin in blood or saliva were observed during DHEA treatment. Exposure of naive leukocytes to DHEA in vitro induced significant expression of resistin compared to nonstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (p=0.031). CONCLUSION: We showed that levels of resistin are upregulated locally in the salivary glands of patients with pSS; and that the levels of resistin correspond to the intensity of lymphocytic inflammation in patients with pSS. We suggest that resistin is expressed in the salivary glands of patients with pSS and may be a driving factor of local inflammation.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Boström, Pontus, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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SNARE proteins mediate fusion between cytosolic lipid droplets and are implicated in insulin sensitivity.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature cell biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-7392 .- 1476-4679. ; 9:11, s. 1286-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The accumulation of cytosolic lipid droplets in muscle and liver cells has been linked to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Such droplets are formed as small structures that increase in size through fusion, a process that is dependent on intact microtubules and the motor protein dynein. Approximately 15% of all droplets are involved in fusion processes at a given time. Here, we show that lipid droplets are associated with proteins involved in fusion processes in the cell: NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor), alpha-SNAP (soluble NSF attachment protein) and the SNAREs (SNAP receptors), SNAP23 (synaptosomal-associated protein of 23 kDa), syntaxin-5 and VAMP4 (vesicle-associated membrane protein 4). Knockdown of the genes for SNAP23, syntaxin-5 or VAMP4, or microinjection of a dominant-negative mutant of alpha-SNAP, decreases the rate of fusion and the size of the lipid droplets. Thus, the SNARE system seems to have an important role in lipid droplet fusion. We also show that oleic acid treatment decreases the insulin sensitivity of heart muscle cells, and this sensitivity is completely restored by transfection with SNAP23. Thus, SNAP23 might be a link between insulin sensitivity and the inflow of fatty acids to the cell.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Burman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Slutrapport: Genomförbarhetsstudie - Lokala nät och lokal spektrumanvändning för industriella radiosystem
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport sammanfattar vi utfört utredningsarbete för den studie som vi genomfört under perioden november 2020 – mars 2021 avseende lokala 5G-nät för industrin.Medverkande har varit Boliden Mineral AB, Åkerströms i Björbo AB, Post- och Telesturelsen (PTS) samt KTH. Studien har finansierats av det strategiska innovationsprogrammet Smartare elektroniksystem - en gemensam satsning av Vinnova, Formas och Energimyndigheten.Rapporten rymmer två typer av material, dels beskrivning av nuläge dels analys och slutsatser.Nulägesbeskrivningen för 5G innefattar: status för spektrumtilldelning och utbyggnad av nät i några länder samt om forskning och standardisering vad gäller lokala 5G-nät för industrin.Analysdelen består av resonemang och resultat inom fyra olika områden: i) krav och behov, ii) möjliga scenarier och alternativ för systemlösningar, iii) kort summering av centrala tekniska faktorer för lokala nät avsedda för industrin, samt iv) sammanställning av utmaningar för olika aktörer och för spektrumtilldelning.Icke-publika nät (Non-public networks, NPN) är ett globalt fenomen med stort stöd och intresse från existerande ekosystem inom industri och telekom men även från helt nya spelare från tex IT industrin. NPN drivs av industrins behov av säker och tillförlitlig uppkoppling för digitalisering och automatisering av sina processer. Idag är industrins uppkoppling främst trådbunden, alternativt så använder man sig av ”proprietära”- eller WiFi baserade system i icke-licensierade band (alternativt smala frekvensband specifikt dedicerade för olika industriprocesser). Trådbunden uppkoppling är långsiktigt inte önskvärt för industrin då det begränsar rörligheten.För tillverkare av industriell radiostyrning är slutsatsen att man långsiktigt måste förbereda sig på att migrera från punkt-till-punkt kommunikation till användning av cellulära nätverk. För att industriföretag skall kunna ta beslut om investering i cellulär teknik för uppkoppling istället för tex WiFi, krävs långsiktighet både tekniskt och affärsmässigt. Det är därför viktigt att man kan tillhandahålla frekvenser för industriellt bruk. Bandet 3,72-3,80 GHz är i många länder tilldelat för lokala tillstånd. Detta band är definierat för TDD och behöver synkroniseras med operatörernas nät samt även använda samma fördelning av trafik mellan upp-och nedlänk som dessa nät. Industrins kapacitetsbehov är främst i upplänk medan operatörsnäten främst tillhandahåller video i nedlänk. Vidare finns ett antal andra utmaningar för samexistens mellan lokala nät och operatörsnät. Det är i nuläget oklart om man via endast TDD-tillstånd i 3,5 GHz eller högre frekvensband kommer att kunna tillfredsställa alla behov inom området industriell radiostyrning och icke publika nät.Sammanfattningsvis kan vi konstatera att detta projekt har identifierat ett antal osäkerheter och utmaningar avseende lokala 5G-nät för industrin. Vår bedömning är att dessa är så stora att det i nuläget saknas underlag för att definiera ett större utvecklingsprojekt. För att kunna definiera ett relevant projekt för att utveckla och testa 5G baserad system för industriell radiostyrning behöver ytterligare underlag tas fram. Dessutom bör man även invänta beslut från PTS avseende allokering av frekvenser för industrin.
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| 29. |
- Fagerström, Jonathan, 1984-
(författare)
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Fine particle emissions and slag formation in fixed-bed biomass combustion : aspects of fuel engineering
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a consensus worldwide that the share of renewable energy sources should be increased to mitigate climate change. The strive to increase the renewable energy fraction can partly be met by an increased utilization of different biomass feedstocks. Many of the "new" feedstocks puts stress on certain challenges such as air pollution emissions and operation stability of the combustion process. The overall objective was to investigate, evaluate, and explain the effects of fuel design and combustion control - fuel engineering - as primary measures for control of slag formation, deposit formation, and fine particle emissions during biomass combustion in small and medium scale fixed-bed appliances. The work in this thesis can be outlined as having two main focus areas, one more applied regarding fuel engineering measures and one more fundamental regarding the time-resolved release of ash forming elements, with particular focus on potassium.The overall conclusion related to the abatement of particle emissions and slag formation, is that the release of fine particle and deposit forming matter can be controlled simultaneously as the slag formation during fixed-bed biomass combustion. The methodology is in this perspective denoted “fuel engineering” and is based on a combined approach including both fuel design and process control measures. The studies on time-resolved potassium release showed that a Macro-TG reactor with single pellet experiments was a valuable tool for studying ash transformation along the fuel conversion. The combination of dedicated release determinations based on accurate mass balance considerations and ICP analysis, with phase composition characterization by XRD, is important for the understanding of potassium release in general and time-resolved data in particular. For wood, the results presented in this work supports the potassium release mechanism from "char-K" but questions the previously suggested release mechanism from decomposition of K-carbonates. For straw, the present data support the idea that the major part of the potassium release is attributed to volatilization of KCl. To further explore the detailed mechanisms, the novel approach developed and applied in this work should be complemented with other experimental and analytical techniques.The research in this thesis has explored some of the challenges related to the combined phenomena of fuel conversion and ash transformation during thermochemical conversion of biomass, and has contributed with novel methods and approaches that have gained new knowledge to be used for the development of more effective bioenergy systems.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Gustafsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Astronomi och rymdvetenskap
- 2001
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Ingår i: Vetenskapens framsteg.
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 32. |
- Haglund, Ann-Louise, 1972-
(författare)
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Attached Bacterial Communities in Lakes – Habitat-Specific Differences
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For many years, the importance of microorganisms attached to surfaces in littoral zones and wetlands has been disregarded when describing aquatic ecosystem dynamics. Supporting evidence is scarce but convincing that these microbial communities are not only very productive but can often serve as major regulators of nutrient and carbon dynamics in many freshwaters. In order to determine the quantitative importance of epiphytic bacteria for the overall carbon turnover, I compared the relative contribution of epiphytic bacteria on the submerged macrophyte Ranunculus circinatus, sediment and free-living bacteria to the total bacterial production. Sediment bacteria generally dominated total bacterial biomass in the littoral zone. Although the epiphytic biomass on R. circinatus was ten times lower than the biomass of sediment bacteria, it often contributed at least equally to the total bacterial production. Thus, the results presented in this thesis confirm that most bacterial biomass and production in shallow lakes is associated with surfaces, and that in littoral zones with dense macrophyte stands, epiphytic bacteria can contribute significantly to the overall carbon turnover. There is increasing evidence that not all cells in natural bacterial communities are metabolically active. In Lake Erken, there were large differences in the fraction of active bacteria between different habitats, while the within-habitat differences were small. The sediments had the largest bacterial fraction, followed by epiphytic bacteria, while in the water column only a few percent of the bacteria were active. In this thesis the fraction of active bacteria is connected to environmental fluctuations. I hypothesize that smaller fluctuations in chemical, biological or physical factors result in large active bacterial fractions. Thus, small environmental fluctuations within a habitat allow large active bacterial fractions, while the active fraction is constrained when the environmental fluctuations are large.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Jägerström, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Lipid droplets interact with mitochondria using SNAP23.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cell biology international. - : Wiley. - 1095-8355 .- 1065-6995. ; 33:9, s. 934-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Triglyceride-containing lipid droplets (LD) are dynamic organelles stored on demand in all cells. These droplets grow through a fusion process mediated by SNARE proteins, including SNAP23. The droplets have also been shown to be highly motile and interact with other cell organelles, including peroxisomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. We have used electron and confocal microscopy to demonstrate that LD form complexes with mitochondria in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Using an in vitro system of purified LD and mitochondria, we also show the formation of the LD-mitochondria complex, in which cytosolic factors are involved. Moreover, the presence of LD markers in mitochondria isolated by subcellular fractionations is demonstrated. Finally, ablation of SNAP23 using siRNA reduced complex formation and beta oxidation, which suggests that the LD-mitochondria complex is functional in the cell.
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| 36. |
- Linder, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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In vitro growth of human endolymphatic sac cells : a transmission electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study in patients with vestibular schwannoma and Ménière's Disease
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Otology and Neurotology. - 1531-7129 .- 1537-4505. ; 22:6, s. 938-943
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HYPOTHESIS:Human endolymphatic sac cells have been notoriously difficult to maintain in culture. It was hypothesized that an in vitro environment intended for growth of keratinocytes would also be suitable for human endolymph sac cells.BACKGROUND:Studies on cell physiology of human endolymphatic sac cells have been hampered by difficulties in maintaining them in culture.METHODS:Human endolymphatic sac cells were taken from 10 patients during translabyrinthine skull base surgery for vestibular schwannoma, one of whom also had Ménière's disease. Cell lines of proliferating epithelial cells were obtained after trypsinization and growth in a 3:1 mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium and Ham's F12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. Fibroblast overgrowth was counteracted by the use of so-called cloning rings. During various stages, cells were investigated with transmission electron microscopy and/or immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:Proliferation took place after 2 to 3 days of primary cell culture. The cells were cytokeratin-positive and pleomorphic, and they had abundant polarized microvillus-like projections, numerous coated cytoplasmic pits and vesicles, and a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum.CONCLUSION:Cell lines of proliferating human endolymphatic sac cells can be produced with the technique described here and may be a valid tool in studies of human endolymph sac physiology.
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| 37. |
- Markensten, Hampus, 1967-
(författare)
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Climate Effects on Phytoplankton Biomass and Functional Groups
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Future climate in temperate regions is projected to get warmer and in many cases wetter. This poses questions about how phytoplankton in our lakes will respond. A dynamic modeling approach based on an allometric description of phytoplankton characteristics was used to investigate how the biomass of different functional groups of phytoplankton will respond to a changed future climate. Simulations based on a warmer future climate scenario suggest that we will experience an increase in phytoplankton biomass in northern temperate lakes. Moreover, phytoplankton groups are projected to shift towards a dominance of cyanobacteria at the expense of diatoms. Climate may affect phytoplankton, either via in-lake changes in temperature and stratification, or due to altered processes at the watershed level, which influence rates of nutrient export and water discharge. This study found that changes in lake temperature and stratification are the major causes of the projected increase in phytoplankton biomass, but that changes in the timing of nutrient export did influence the succession of diatoms. Variation in SPIM (suspended particulate inorganic matter) can have an important role in influencing the depth of the euphotic zone in a turbid lake, and hence the light climate experienced by phytoplankton. Wind and river discharge were found to regulate SPIM in this study, not only wind as in many other studies. Variations in SPIM could be adequately described by a few governing equations. This thesis suggests that, as a result of climate change, lakes close to the limit of becoming eutrophied may be pushed past a threshold beyond which water quality problems will become more prevalent. Finally it is important to bear in mind that all models are simplifications of the reality as we understand it. Still, the use of models can often give a good indication as to what might be expected in the future.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Mroz, Krystoffer, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Hybrid III and human body models in evaluating thoracic response for various seat belt and airbag loading conditions
- 2010
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Ingår i: IRCOBI Conference. - 9783033025509 ; , s. 265-279
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thoracic responses between the Hybrid III model and the THUMS human body model were compared in three frontal impact severities for two belt (3-point and criss-cross), two belt load limiter (constant and degressive) and two airbag types (symmetric and non-symmetric). The thoracic responses were evaluated by measurements of chest deflections (mid-sternum and multi-point measured), chest excursions and, for the human body model, supplemented by maximum rib strains. For the 3-point belt, an overall correlation was found between Hybrid III and THUMS chest deflections and excursions as well as between THUMS multi-point chest deflections and rib strains. For the criss-cross belt, Hybrid III chest deflections increased and THUMS rib strains decreased. For the non-symmetric airbag, Hybrid III and THUMS chest deflections decreased.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Nowinski, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of Connective Tissue Growth Factor/CCN2 Expression in Human Dermal Fibroblasts by Interleukin-1 alpha and beta
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0730-2312 .- 1097-4644. ; 110:5, s. 1226-1233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is a matricellular protein induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and intimately involved with tissue repair and overexpressed in various fibrotic conditions We previously showed that keratmocytes in vitro downregulate TGF-beta-induced expression of CTGF in fibroblasts by an interleukin (IL)-1 alpha-dependent mechanism. Here, we investigated further the mechanisms of this downregulation by both IL-1 alpha and beta Human dermal fibroblasts and NIH 3T3 cells were treated with IL-1 alpha or beta in presence or absence of TGF-beta 1. IL-1 suppressed basal and TGF-beta-induced CTGF mRNA and protein expression. IL-1 alpha and beta inhibited TGF-beta-stimulated CTGF promoter activity, and the activity of a synthetic minimal promoter containing Smad 3-binding CAGA elements Furthermore. IL-1 alpha and beta inhibited TGF-beta-stimulated Smad 3 phosphorylation, possibly linked to an observed increase in Smad 7 mRNA expression. In addition. RNA interference suggested that TGF-beta activated kinase1 (TAK1) is necessary for IL-1 inhibition of TGF-beta-stimulated CTGF expression. These results add to the understanding of how the expression of CTGF in human dermal fibroblasts is regulated, which in turn may have implications for the pathogenesis of fibrotic conditions involving the skin. J. Cell Biochem. 110: 1226-1233, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss. Inc
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| 42. |
- Rajkumar, Vineeth S., et al.
(författare)
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Platelet-derived growth factor-beta receptor activation is essential for fibroblast and pericyte recruitment during cutaneous wound healing
- 2006
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Ingår i: American Journal of Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9440 .- 1525-2191. ; 169:6, s. 2254-2265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Connective tissue remodeling provides mammals with a rapid mechanism to repair wounds after injury. Inappropriate activation of this reparative process leads to scarring and fibrosis. Here, we studied the effects of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta blockade in vivo using the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-beta inhibitor imatinib mesylate on tissue repair. After 7 days, healing of wounds was delayed with significantly reduced wound closure and concomitant reduction in myofibroblast frequency, expression of fibronectin ED-A, and collagen type I. Using a collagen type I transgenic reporter mouse, we showed that inhibiting PDGFR-beta activation restricted the distribution of collagen-synthesizing cells to wound margins and dramatically reduced cell proliferation in vivo. By 14 days, treated wounds were fully closed. Blocking PDGFR-beta signaling did not prevent the differentiation of myofibroblasts in vitro but potently inhibited fibroblast proliferation and migration. In addition, PDGFR-beta inhibition in vivo was accompanied by abnormal microvascular morphogenesis reminiscent of that observed in PDGFR-beta-/- mice with significantly reduced immunostaining of the pericyte marker NG2. Imatinib treatment also inhibited pericyte proliferation and migration in vitro. This study highlights the significance of PDGFR-beta signaling for the recruitment, proliferation, and functional activities of fibro-blasts and pericytes during the early phases of wound healing.
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| 43. |
- Rask-Andersen, Helge, et al.
(författare)
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Regeneration of human auditory nerve. In vitro/in video demonstration of neural progenitor cells in adult human and guinea pig spiral ganglion
- 2005
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Ingår i: Hearing Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-5955 .- 1878-5891. ; 203:1-2, s. 180-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time lapse video recordings of cultured adult human and guinea pig spiral ganglion (hSG and gpSG) show that mitogen responsive progenitor/stem cells develop in the form of spheres that proliferate and differentiate into mature neurons and glia cells. Neurospheres, cultured with EGF and bFGF showed expression of nestin and incorporation of 5'-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Newly formed BrdU labelled cells were positive for beta-tubulin, and also for GFAP demonstrating that neuronal cells were derived from a dividing population of progenitor cells. Dissociated spheres cultured either with glia cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), induced differentiation of the progenitor cells. Video microscopy showed that neurons develop from subcultured spheres maintained for up to four weeks. Neurons showed fasciculation and migration with a speed of 10-30 microm/h, and some cells had up to 6 mm long neurites coexpressing TrkB and TrkC receptors. Precise dissection suggests that the neurons formed are cochlea-specific. The results suggest that the mammalian auditory nerve has the capability for self-renewal and replacement. Transplantation of progenitor cells together with established means to induce neural differentiation and fiber growth may facilitate strategies for better repair and treatment of auditory neuronal damage.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Stråhlman, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Working together for enhancement-led and voluntary institutional quality audit
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The national QA system in Sweden does not any longer include assessment of the institutions’ internal QA procedures. The Experts Group on Quality at the Swedish Association for Higher Education (SHUF) has proposed and tested how voluntary audits can be performed by the institutions in collaboration, coordinated by SUHF. The audits have quality enhancement as its sole purpose. The audit method focuses on quality management, acknowledging the diversity of institutions and the national context. This paper includes results from pilot studies earlier this year. It is demonstrated how voluntary audits can be valuable as an external QA element in the institutions’ quality management. Using the audit as a voluntary and flexible element allows it to address the specific needs of the institutions and keeps the strain on human and financial resources limited.
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| 46. |
- Sunnevång, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Bilateral Thoracic Loading on the Near-Side Occupant Due to Occupant-to-Occupant Interaction in Vehicle Crash Tests
- 2015
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Ingår i: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1538-9588 .- 1538-957X. ; 16:Supplement 2, s. S217-S223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aims, by means of the WorldSID 50th percentile male, to evaluate thoracic loading and injury risk to the near-side occupant due to occupant-to-occupant interaction in combination with loading from an intruding structure.Method: Nine vehicle crash tests were performed with a 50th percentile WorldSID male dummy in the near-side (adjacent to the intruding structure) seat and a THOR or ES2 dummy in the far-side (opposite the intruding structure) seat. The near-side seated WorldSID was equipped with 6 + 6 IR-Traccs (LH and RH) in the thorax/abdomen enabling measurement of bilateral deflection. To differentiate deflection caused by the intrusion, and the deflection caused by the neighboring occupant, time history curves were analyzed. The crash tests were performed with different modern vehicles, equipped with thorax side airbags and inflatable curtains, ranging from a compact car to a large sedan, and in different loading conditions such as car-to-car, barrier, and pole tests. Lateral delta V based on vehicle tunnel acceleration and maximum residual intrusion at occupant position were used as a measurement of crash severity to compare injury measurements.Result: In the 9 vehicle crash tests, thoracic loading, induced by the intruding structure as well as from the far-side occupant, varied due to the size and structural performance of the car as well as the severity of the crash. Peak deflection on the thoracic outboard side occurred during the first 50ms of the event. Between 70 to 150ms loading induced by the neighboring occupant occurred and resulted in an inboard-side peak deflection and viscous criterion. In the tests where the target vehicle lateral delta V was below 30km/h and intrusion less than 200mm, deflections were low on both the outboard (20-40mm) and inboard side (10-15mm). At higher crash severities, delta V 35km/h and above as well as intrusions larger than 350mm, the inboard deflections (caused by interaction to the far-side occupant) were of the same magnitude or even higher (30-70mm) than the outboard deflections (30-50mm).Conclusion: A WorldSID 50th percentile male equipped with bilateral IR-Traccs can detect loading to the thorax from a neighboring occupant making injury risk assessment feasible for this type of loading. At crash severities resulting in a delta V above 35km/h and intrusions larger than 350mm, both the inboard deflection and VC resulted in high risks of Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 3+ injury, especially for a senior occupant.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Werkelin, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Ash-forming elements in four Scandinavian wood species part 3: Combustion of five spruce samples
- 2011
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 35:1, s. 725-733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest residue is the remaining fraction after the outtake of timber, which comprises the tree tops and branches. It may as fuel cause damage to the combustion device through ash slagging and fouling. The objective of this work was to model the ash composition from well-specified samples of a spruce tree: wood, bark, twigs, needles, and shoots. Their ash at 1000 °C was modelled using global chemical equilibrium calculations, and laboratory-made ash of the five samples was analyzed by XRD and SEM-EDXA. According to the results, the risk of slagging arises from the spruce foliage: molten alkali silicates from spruce needles and probably molten alkali phosphates from spruce shoots may cause problems in the furnace. Fouling caused by condensing alkali vapours can be produced by all five samples. The amount of alkali vapours in the flue gas was in the same order of magnitude for all five samples, in spite of large differences in their original alkali contents.
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| 49. |
- Åmand, Helene, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Binding of cell-penetrating penetratin peptides to plasma membrane vesicles correlates directly with cellular uptake
- 2011
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Biomembranes. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-2642 .- 0005-2736. ; 1808:7, s. 1860-1867
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) gain access to intracellular compartments mainly via endocytosis and have capacity to deliver macromolecular cargo into cells. Although the involvement of various endocytic routes has been described it is still unclear which interactions are involved in eliciting an uptake response and to what extent affinity for particular cell surface components may determine the efficiency of a particular CPP. Previous biophysical studies of the interaction between CPPs and either lipid vesicles or soluble sugar-mimics of cell surface proteoglycans, the two most commonly suggested CPP binding targets, have not allowed quantitative correlations to be established. We here explore the use of plasma membrane vesicles (PMVs) derived from cultured mammalian cells as cell surface models in biophysical experiments. Further, we examine the relationship between affinity for PMVs and uptake into live cells using the CPP penetratin and two analogs enriched in arginines and lysines respectively. We show, using centrifugation to sediment PMVs, that the amount of peptide in the pellet fraction correlates linearly with the degree of cell internalization and that the relative efficiency of all-arginine and all-lysine variants of penetratin can be ascribed to their respective cell surface affinities. Our data show differences between arginine- and lysine-rich variants of penetratin that has not been previously accounted for in studies using lipid vesicles. Our data also indicate greater differences in binding affinity to PMVs than to heparin, a commonly used cell surface proteoglycan mimic. Taken together, this suggests that the cell surface interactions of CPPs are dependent on several cell surface moieties and their molecular organization on the plasma membrane. (C) 2011 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved.
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