| 1. |
- Palmer, Nicholette D, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association search for type 2 diabetes genes in African Americans.
- 2012
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Ingår i: PloS one. - San Francisco : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:1, s. e29202-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- African Americans are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes (T2DM) yet few studies have examined T2DM using genome-wide association approaches in this ethnicity. The aim of this study was to identify genes associated with T2DM in the African American population. We performed a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) using the Affymetrix 6.0 array in 965 African-American cases with T2DM and end-stage renal disease (T2DM-ESRD) and 1029 population-based controls. The most significant SNPs (n = 550 independent loci) were genotyped in a replication cohort and 122 SNPs (n = 98 independent loci) were further tested through genotyping three additional validation cohorts followed by meta-analysis in all five cohorts totaling 3,132 cases and 3,317 controls. Twelve SNPs had evidence of association in the GWAS (P<0.0071), were directionally consistent in the Replication cohort and were associated with T2DM in subjects without nephropathy (P<0.05). Meta-analysis in all cases and controls revealed a single SNP reaching genome-wide significance (P<2.5×10(-8)). SNP rs7560163 (P = 7.0×10(-9), OR (95% CI) = 0.75 (0.67-0.84)) is located intergenically between RND3 and RBM43. Four additional loci (rs7542900, rs4659485, rs2722769 and rs7107217) were associated with T2DM (P<0.05) and reached more nominal levels of significance (P<2.5×10(-5)) in the overall analysis and may represent novel loci that contribute to T2DM. We have identified novel T2DM-susceptibility variants in the African-American population. Notably, T2DM risk was associated with the major allele and implies an interesting genetic architecture in this population. These results suggest that multiple loci underlie T2DM susceptibility in the African-American population and that these loci are distinct from those identified in other ethnic populations.
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| 2. |
- Boström, Per, 1982-
(författare)
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”Det här är ju dött tåg liksom…” : en studie av metaforer för ROMANTISK KÄRLEK i talad svenska
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to investigate the metaphorization of ROMANTIC LOVE in spoken Swedish. The study is based on 4 semi-structured focus group conversations with participants in two age groups; 24–33 and 50–54. A Swedish short film and questions related to the film were used as stimuli for the conversations. Research questions asked are 1) How is the concept of ROMANTIC LOVE metaphorized in the recorded group conversations? 2) How does the metaphorization vary between the conversations? and 3) What cultural model for ROMANTIC LOVE in the conversations can be reconstructed based on identified metaphorizations? The study is situated within Cognitive Linguistics and the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory and a Discourse Dynamics Approach to Metaphor. Consequently, metaphor is seen as a cognitive, linguistic, socio-cultural and discursive phenomenon, where metaphorization is a dynamic process that develops, adapts and flows within the conversations and between the participants. Accordingly, the identified metaphorizations are considered to be influenced by the speakers and their embodied experiences, their embodied cognition, the discourse event, and socio-cultural aspects of metaphorization. The focus of the present study, ROMANTIC LOVE, is considered as a dynamic concept based on philosophical, feminist, psychological and metaphorical research. Metaphors are identified through a discourse dynamic version of MIP and MIPVU.From the analyses, 6 systematic metaphors are proposed, where ROMANTIC LOVE is metaphorized as a PHYSICAL OBJECT (incl. as a POSSESSION and as a LIVING ORGANISM), as a CONTAINER (incl. CONSTRUCTION and BODY as a CONTAINER), as TRAVELLING together (with primary focus on TRAVELLING together rather than SOURCE or TARGET), as a UNITY (with focus on how a UNITY is ESTABLISHED, MAINTAINED and DISSOLVED, ideally by two COMPATIBLE partners), as a PHYSICAL and NATURAL FORCE and as a DISEASE (where LOVE can affect a person’s perception and sanity). In addition, ROMANTIC LOVE is, in a small number of expressions, metaphorized as a CRIME, as a PHYSICAL CONFLICT and as a GAME. The variation in metaphorization is small between the conversations. Some metaphorizations seem to be related to the age of the participants. ROMANTIC LOVE ismoreover something people usually have influence over and in some ways can control. In total, 780 metaphorical expressions and 9 source domains are identified. Departing from the interplay betweenmetaphorization and culture, a cultural model for ROMANTIC LOVE is reconstructed, where a multifaceted, embodied and experiential concept of ROMANTIC LOVE emerges.
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| 3. |
- Boström, M., et al.
(författare)
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Dispersion Forces Stabilize Ice Coatings at Certain Gas Hydrate Interfaces That Prevent Water Wetting
- 2019
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Ingår i: ACS Earth and Space Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society. - 2472-3452. ; 3:6, s. 1014-1022
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gas hydrates formed in oceans and permafrost occur in vast quantities on Earth representing both a massive potential fuel source and a large threat in climate forecasts. They have been predicted to be important on other bodies in our solar systems such as Enceladus, a moon of Saturn. CO 2 -hydrates likely drive the massive gas-rich water plumes seen and sampled by the spacecraft Cassini, and the source of these hydrates is thought to be due to buoyant gas hydrate particles. Dispersion forces can in some cases cause gas hydrates at thermal equilibrium to be coated in a 3-4 nm thick film of ice, or to contact water directly, depending on which gas they contain. As an example, the results are valid at a quadruple point of the water-CO 2 gas hydrate system, where a film is formed not only for the model with pure ice but also in the presence of impurities in water or in the ice layer. These films are shown to significantly alter the properties of the gas hydrate clusters, for example, whether they float or sink. It is also expected to influence gas hydrate growth and gas leakage.
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| 4. |
- Boström, M., et al.
(författare)
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Tuning the Casimir-Lifshitz force with gapped metals
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 108:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Casimir-Lifshitz interaction, a long-range force that arises between solids and molecules due to quantum fluctuations in electromagnetic fields, has been widely studied in solid-state physics. The degree of polarization in this interaction is influenced by the dielectric properties of the materials involved, which in turn are determined by factors such as band-to-band transitions, free carrier contributions, phonon contributions, and exciton contributions. Gapped metals, a new class of materials with unique electronic structures, offer the potential to manipulate dielectric properties and, consequently, the Casimir-Lifshitz interaction. In this study, we theoretically investigate the finite temperature Casimir-Lifshitz interaction in La3Te4-based gapped metal systems with varying off-stoichiometry levels. We demonstrate that off-stoichiometric effects in gapped metals can be used to control the magnitude and, in some cases, even the sign of Casimir-Lifshitz interactions. We predict measurable corrections due to stoichiometry on the predicted Casimir force between a La3Te4 surface and a gold sphere, attached to an atomic force microscopy tip.
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| 5. |
- Boström, M., et al.
(författare)
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Understanding ice and water film formation on soil particles by combining density functional theory and Casimir-Lifshitz forces
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 108:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin films of ice and water on soil particles play crucial roles in environmental and technological processes. Understanding the fundamental physical mechanisms underlying their formation is essential for advancing scientific knowledge and engineering practices. Herein, we focus on the role of the Casimir-Lifshitz force, also referred to as dispersion force, in the formation and behavior of thin films of ice and water on soil particles at 273.16 K, arising from quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field and depending on the dielectric properties of interacting materials. We employ the first-principles density functional theory (DFT) to compute the dielectric functions for two model materials, CaCO3 and Al2O3, essential constituents in various soils. These dielectric functions are used with the Kramers-Kronig relationship and different extrapolations to calculate the frequency-dependent quantities required for determining forces and free energies. Moreover, we assess the accuracy of the optical data based on the DFT to model dispersion forces effectively, such as those between soil particles. Our findings reveal that moisture can accumulate into almost micron-sized water layers on the surface of calcite (soil) particles, significantly impacting the average dielectric properties of soil particles. This research highlights the relevance of DFT-based data for understanding thin film formation in soil particles and offers valuable insights for environmental and engineering applications.
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| 6. |
- Boström, M., et al.
(författare)
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van der Waals induced ice growth on partially melted ice nuclei in mist and fog
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 25:47, s. 32709-32714
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ice nucleation and formation play pivotal roles across various domains, from environmental science to food engineering. However, the exact ice formation mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study introduces a novel ice formation process, which can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous, depending on the initial conditions. The process initiates ice crystal growth from a nucleus composed of a micron-sized partially melted ice particle. We explore the role of van der Waals (Lifshitz)-free energy and its resulting stress in the accumulation of ice at the interface with water vapor. Our analysis suggests that this process could lead to thicknesses ranging from nanometers to micrometers, depending on the size and degree of initial melting of the ice nucleus. We provide evidence for the growth of thin ice layers instead of liquid water films on a partially melted ice-vapor interface, offering some insights into mist and fog formation. We also link it to potential atmospheric and astrogeophysical applications.
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| 7. |
- Luo, Y. -W, et al.
(författare)
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Database of diazotrophs in global ocean : abundance, biomass and nitrogen fixation rates
- 2012
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Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 4:1, s. 47-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine N-2 fixing microorganisms, termed di-azotrophs, are a key functional group in marine pelagic ecosystems. The biological fixation of dinitrogen ( N-2) to bioavailable nitrogen provides an important new source of nitrogen for pelagic marine ecosystems and influences primary productivity and organic matter export to the deep ocean. As one of a series of efforts to collect biomass and rates specific to different phytoplankton functional groups, we have constructed a database on diazotrophic organisms in the global pelagic upper ocean by compiling about 12 000 direct field measurements of cyanobacterial diazotroph abundances (based on microscopic cell counts or qPCR assays targeting the nifH genes) and N-2 fixation rates. Biomass conversion factors are estimated based on cell sizes to convert abundance data to diazotrophic biomass. The database is limited spatially, lacking large regions of the ocean especially in the Indian Ocean. The data are approximately log-normal distributed, and large variances exist in most sub-databases with non-zero values differing 5 to 8 orders of magnitude. Reporting the geometric mean and the range of one geometric standard error below and above the geometric mean, the pelagic N-2 fixation rate in the global ocean is estimated to be 62 (52-73) Tg Nyr(-1) and the pelagic diazotrophic biomass in the global ocean is estimated to be 2.1 (1.4-3.1) Tg C from cell counts and to 89 (43-150) Tg C from nifH- based abundances. Reporting the arithmetic mean and one standard error instead, these three global estimates are 140 +/- 9.2 Tg Nyr(-1), 18 +/- 1.8 Tg C and 590 +/- 70 Tg C, respectively. Uncertainties related to biomass conversion factors can change the estimate of geometric mean pelagic diazotrophic biomass in the global ocean by about +/- 70 %. It was recently established that the most commonly applied method used to measure N-2 fixation has underestimated the true rates. As a result, one can expect that future rate measurements will shift the mean N-2 fixation rate upward and may result in significantly higher estimates for the global N-2 fixation. The evolving database can nevertheless be used to study spatial and temporal distributions and variations of marine N-2 fixation, to validate geochemical estimates and to parameterize and validate biogeochemical models, keeping in mind that future rate measurements may rise in the future.
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| 8. |
- Pittman, S. J., et al.
(författare)
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Seascape ecology : identifying research priorities for an emerging ocean sustainability science
- 2021
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Ingår i: Marine Ecology Progress Series. - : INTER-RESEARCH. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 663, s. 1-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seascape ecology, the marine-centric counterpart to landscape ecology, is rapidly emerging as an interdisciplinary and spatially explicit ecological science with relevance to marine management, bio-diversity conservation, and restoration. While important progress in this field has been made in the past decade, there has been no coherent prioritisation of key research questions to help set the future research agenda for seascape ecology. We used a 2-stage modified Delphi method to solicit applied research questions from academic experts in seascape ecology and then asked respondents to identify priority questions across 9 interrelated research themes using 2 rounds of selection. We also invited senior management/conservation practitioners to prioritise the same research questions. Analyses highlighted congruence and discrepancies in perceived priorities for applied research. Themes related to both ecological concepts and management practice, and those identified as priorities include seascape change, seascape connectivity, spatial and temporal scale, ecosystem-based management, and emerging technologies and metrics. Highest-priority questions (upper tercile) received 50% agreement between respondent groups, and lowest priorities (lower tercile) received 58% agreement. Across all 3 priority tiers, 36 of the 55 questions were within a +/- 10% band of agreement. We present the most important applied research questions as determined by the proportion of votes received. For each theme, we provide a synthesis of the research challenges and the potential role of seascape ecology. These priority questions and themes serve as a roadmap for advancing applied seascape ecology during, and beyond, the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030).
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Alwin, J, et al.
(författare)
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Health economic and process evaluation of AT interventions for persons with dementia and their relatives : A suggested assessment model
- 2007
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Ingår i: Technology and Disability. - 1055-4181. ; 19:2-3, s. 61-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is growing interest in assistive technology (AT) as a means of enabling participation in everyday activities for persons with dementia and their relatives. Health economic assessment of AT in dementia is of importance due to the consequences of the disease for both patients and relatives and to the high societal costs for dementia care. The aim of this article is to outline a model for assessment of AT interventions for persons with dementia. The model expands existing assessment models as it also includes evaluation of the intervention process. Methodological challenges and possibilities in making health economic assessments, including outcomes and costs, as well as process evaluation, are discussed in the article.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Berg, Frenk van den, et al.
(författare)
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Results of the European collaborative project "Product Uniformity Control" to improve the inline sensing of mechanical properties and microstructure of automotive steels
- 2018
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Ingår i: e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing (eJNDT). - 1435-4934. ; 23:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A European consortium consisting of four major steel manufacturers and ten academic technology institutes has conducted a research and development project, called “Product Uniformity Control“ (PUC) in the period 2013 to 2017. This project aimed to develop and improve non-destructive (inline) measurement techniques to characterise the (uniformity of the) microstructure of steel strip products. In this project, a multitude of strip steel samples from various stages of production have been collected from the four participating steel manufacturers. The samples have been characterised in various ways, namely on their (1) non-destructive measurement parameters using different techniques suited for inline evaluation, (2) fundamental ultrasonic and electromagnetic properties (wave speed, ultrasonic attenuation, magnetisation loops, coercive field), (3) tensile properties (stress-strain curves) and (4) microstructure (by optical micrographs and EBSD images). The correlations between these different characterisations will be addressed. Besides the experimental characterisation, a strong accent has been on modelling activities: during the project, fundamental models have been developed to describe, starting from 2D and 3D microstructures, the ultrasonic and magnetic properties, which are next used as input to sensor models that predict the output of the inline measurement systems. This contribution presents the recent results of experimental work, which underlines the importance of associated modelling studies for the interpretation of the measurement data for the benefit of inline characterisation of the mechanical properties complementary to traditional destructive tensile testing.
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| 15. |
- Boström, E A, et al.
(författare)
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Resistin is Associated with Breach of Tolerance and Anti-nuclear Antibodies in Patients with Hepatobiliary Inflammation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 74:5, s. 463-470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resistin is a cysteine-rich protein, which is abundantly expressed at the site of inflammation, and acts as a regulator of the NF-kB-dependent cytokine cascade. The aim of this study was to evaluate resistin levels in relation to inflammatory mediators, disease phenotype and autoantibody status in a spectrum of pathological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Resistin levels were measured with an ELISA in sera originated from 227 patients and 40 healthy controls (HC). Fifty patients diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 53 ulcerative colitis (UC), 51 Crohns disease (CD), 46 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and 27 primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) were included. The sera were analysed with respect to biochemical parameters of systemic inflammation and liver function and to the presence of antibodies to nuclear antigens (ANA), mitochondria (AMA) and smooth muscle (SMA). Compared with HC, resistin levels were raised in AIH (P = 0.017) and PSC (P = 0.03); compared with NAFLD, levels were elevated in CD (P = 0.041), AIH (P andlt; 0.001) and PSC (P andlt; 0.001). Patients with elevated levels of resistin were more often treated with corticosteroids, but no difference was found between active disease and clinical remission. Resistin levels were significantly higher in ANA-positive individuals compared with ANA-negative (P = 0.025). Resistin levels were directly correlated with IL-6 (r = 0.30, P = 0.02) and IL-8 (r = 0.51, P andlt; 0.001). Elevated levels of resistin were prominent in patients with hepatobiliary inflammation and were associated with breach of self-tolerance, i.e. ANA positivity. Thus, we propose that resistin may be an important marker of disease severity in autoantibody-mediated gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases.
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| 16. |
- Boström, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Structure and thermal expansion of the distorted Prussian blue analogue RbCuCo(CN)(6)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 1359-7345 .- 1364-548X. ; 55:69, s. 10230-10233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structure and thermal expansion of the Prussian blue analogue RbCuCo(CN)(6) has been determined via neutron and X-ray powder diffraction. The system crystallises in Cccm and harbours three coexisting distortions relative to the parent Fm3m structure, which leads to anisotropic thermal expansion with a near-zero component in one direction. The difficulties associated with determining octahedral tilt systems in Prussian blue analogues and related double molecular perovskites are discussed.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Boström, Lena, Professor i pedagogik, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Being A Principal of School Age Educare Centers; a comparison between Sweden and Switzerland about a complicated assignment
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extended education is an emerging field and being the principal of School-Age Educare Centers (SAEC) does not only mean pedagogical, operational and administrative responsibility, it includes also the responsibility for the aspect of care provided to the children during their stay at SAEC. In the educational practice of SAEC staff with heterogenous professional background act in various learning environments. The principals' knowledge and perceptions of the SAEC is decisive in order to drive organizational educational change (Meyer et al., 2022). Leadership in SAEC seems to be more complicated than in school (Boström & Haglund, 2020). Research on principals' work in SAEC is sparse in Sweden (Glaés-Coutts, 2021; Jonsson 2018, 2021) and non-existent in Switzerland. On the other hand, there is extensive research on how prevailing discourses influence successful schools: if principals and staff embrace the same rules, norms and beliefs over time and if there is mutual cooperation (Lomos et al., 2011; Scheerens et al., 2007; Seashore & Murphy, 2017). Therefore, it is both important and relevant to study this field.The objective for this study is to analyze and compare principals' perceptions of their mission with a focus on SAEC. The aim is to generate knowledge about this unexplored area and to compare the professional practice internationally.The theoretical perspective is based in school improvement theory (Fullan, 2010; Bredeson, 2002). Critical parameters emphasized are structure, culture and leadership (Höög, & Johansson, 2014). Internal improvement capabilities which seem to be particularly important for school improvement are communication, cooperation, skills development and leadership (Björkman, 2008; Grissom et al., 2021).In this study a comparative content analysis (Krispendorff, 2016) is used as research method to analyze and compare the principals’ views on SAEC and their leadership. This method allows us to draw meaningful sense-making processes (Weick, 1995) and comparisons to make inferences about the similarities and differences between the two contexts. The sample consists of twelve interviews with six principals in each country.The preliminary results show a growing awareness of the pedagogical role as principal in Sweden, emphasizing the whole school day. This blurs the boundaries between the school and SAEC which becomes problematic for maintaining the distinctiveness of SAEC. In Switzerland, principals acknowledge their lack of professional knowledge on the function of SAEC and the workforce’s skills. Principals face the dilemma to mainly serve parental needs as a professional and empirical orientation. The results also pinpoint how cultural values, norms, or ideologies are reflected in principals’ perceptions about their leadership.The educational importance of the study is to extend the principals’ vision on SAEC and view a child’s entire school day to serve its individual needs. The connection to the conferences theme is that quality for professional education for enhanced school effectiveness and improvement begins in principals' understanding and leadership of their mission.
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| 22. |
- Boström, Lena, Professor i pedagogik, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Extra adaptations and special support; current issues in School Age Educare in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: NERA - Abstract book 2024.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The background for this study is the lack of research and knowledge about extra adaptions and special support in School Age Educare Centers (SAEC) (Skolinspektionen, 2023). Early and adequate interventions are prerequisites for pupils to reach the educational goals. Since many pupils who need extra adaptations and special support require more time to be able to reach the goals, it becomes even more important to support works during the pupil's entire day in school and in SAEC. SAEC - teachers have the responsibility for meeting pupils needs, but individual solutions for pupils are problematic since SAEC is not a compulsory part of the school system and the foundation of the SAEC is participation, togetherness and community (Wernholm, 2023). However, a consequence of the SAECs supplementary and compensatory assignment is that SAEC-teachers need to assess which pupils need extra adaptations and special support and what teaching is required. As a theoretical framework, the relational perspective (Nilholm, 2020) will be used.This study has a quantitative approach. It is based on one part of a web-survey answered by 400 participants from five professional groups in Swedish SAEC and their experiences about extra adaptations and special support. The aim is to find out how the various professional groups meet pupils in need of support and what adaptations are made, as well as distinguishing perceptions between the groups. Descriptive statistics presented an overall picture of the various claims on a group-level. The Mann–Whitney test investigated the distinctions between professional categories. The results are still under processing, and it will be reported with descriptive statistics and significance testing.The preliminary results highlight that different occupational groups experiences the role of special education in SAEC differently. The result also shows different conditions for working with extra adaptations and special support in SAEC. For Nordic educational research the study is of importance because it draws attention to a research area where research is totally lacking (Skolinspektionen, 2023). Further, it combines perceptions of special education related to different actors in SAEC. The study also problematizes the prerequisites of special education and the SAEC to include all children in the regular after-school activities. It also has a quantitative approach, which is quite unusual for research in this field. In addition, it makes a unique contribution to SAEC-research in combination with special education. For all professionals in SAEC, this study makes an important contribution because special teachers/pedagogues are predicted to receive an increased importance in the SAEC, to compensate and supplement school (Karlsudd, 2022).
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Boström, Lena, Professor i pedagogik, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Teacher Shortage in Sweden : Different Perceptions from Different Professional Groups
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internationally, teacher shortage appears to be a major societal problem, including Sweden (Boström et al., 2022; See & Gorard, 2020). According to the United Nations (UNESCO, 2016), the world needs at least 69 million new teachers to reach the education goals of Agenda 2030. In Europe, there is a shortage of teachers in basically all countries (Federičová's, 2020; The European Commission, 2020; OECD, 2020). In Sweden, the Swedish Na-tional Agency for Education [Skolverket] (2019; 2020) and Statistics Sweden (2017a, b) have alerted to the problem. Various actors (media, politicians, opinion leaders and trade unions) have in Sweden expressed their definite and different views on the matter (Kungliga Ingenjörsvetenskap-sakademin,2020). The voices of researchers, teachers and principals are though to a large extent absent (Boström, 2023). At the same time, all stakeholders agree on both the existence of teacher shortage and the im-portance of educated teachers in schools for creating the best possible con-ditions for students to learn.Our interest is to delineate the specific aspects of the teacher shortage's concerning causes and possible solutions according to professional groups in the field, i.e., that have concrete experience of teacher shortage and its consequences. The research questions for this study are:• According to seven different professional groups, what are the causes and solutions of teacher shortage?• Are there differences and similarities between the various professional groups regarding causes and solutions? If so, in what respects?Theoretical framework for the study is ”wicked problem” (Rittel & Web-ber, 1973). It refers to complex, open-ended, and ambiguous problems that are difficult to define, have no definitive solution, and are interconnected with other problems and societal issues. Wicked problems are characterized by their complex nature, the presence of multiple stakeholders with con-flicting interests, and the lack of clear problem boundaries. The wicked problem theory emphasizes that traditional approaches to problem-solving are often insufficient for addressing complex problems. Instead, it encour-ages a more holistic and collaborative approach, involving various stake-holders, disciplines, and perspectives.The study is based on a web survey, answered by 605 informants, consisting of 40 items about causes and possible solutions based on previous research and dialogue meetings with regional and national policy actors. The selection of participants included both academic and practical professions as well as a representation of teacher students. Data are analyzed by de-scriptive and inferential statistics. The results are reported with descriptive statistics and significance testing. Descriptive statistics presents an overall picture of the various items at a group level. Mann–Whitney U- test investigates the distinctions between professional categories.Preliminary results indicated that items were differently relevant for different professional groups. Three professional groups diverged largely from other groups, namely health staff, uneducated teachers, and teacher train-ers. The results confirm the importance of seeing the problem as “wicked” and therefore engaging diverse stakeholders in the problem-solving process to foster collective intelligence and shared responsibility. The connection to the conferences is evident, i.e., the role and impact of educated teachers in the context of school effectiveness and improvement.
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| 25. |
- Boström, Lena, Professor i pedagogik, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers’ shortage in Sweden, Denmark, and Germany
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an urgent need of a theoretical basis for the concept didactics in SAEC in many countries. The concept exists in reality but is not conceptualized in a scientific theory. This lack of a theoretical platform has caused frustration among staff in SAEC (Cartmel et al., 2020), researchers, policy makers and government evaluators (Hurst, 2019). The symposium is mirroring an international study that explores and compares the existing explicit and implicit framework in SAEC (SchoolAgeEduCare) in three countries using the case study methodolgy and describing the implementation of the conceptual didactics in Sweden, Switzerland and Australia.According to Maag Merki (2021) school improvement requires the perspective on the multi-level system and the confrontation with the "double reality" (Fend 2006) of educational systems, which are educational policies and the concrete actions of actors. Giddens' structuration theory (1984) serves to understand this dual reality. It is assumed that the actions of the actors cannot be adequately understood without reference to the specifications and structures. For the realization of sustainable school development, the view must be directed to the structures that enable or also limit school development. The success or failure of school development must thus be interpreted as the result of the interdependence of structure and action (Maag Meri, 2021).Based on this theoretical framework on school improvement the shared research questions are:· What are national regulations on SAEC and how are these policies transformed into practice?· How do the children use and value their time in SAEC?· What are educators’ professional believes and actions in SAEC?With a mixed method approach (Creswell, 2014) empirical data related to the phenomena of didactics in SAEC will be described, analyzed and compared using both qualitative and quantitative methods.An overview on the project design as well as the theoretical framework is given in the first presentation including the analysis of educational policies on SAEC in Sweden. The second presentation draws preliminary results on children’s data gathered in Australia, the third one presents results taken from the interviews with professionals, gathered in Switzerland
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| 26. |
- Boström, Lena, Professor i pedagogik, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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To Make The Invisible Visible – TIV : International Comparative Study on Didactics in Extended Education
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an urgent need of a theoretical basis for the concept didactics in SAEC in many countries. The concept exists in reality but is not conceptualized in a scientific theory. This lack of a theoretical platform has caused frustration among staff in SAEC (Cartmel et al., 2020), researchers, policy makers and government evaluators (Hurst, 2019). The symposium is mirroring an international study that explores and compares the existing explicit and implicit framework in SAEC (SchoolAgeEduCare) in three countries using the case study methodolgy and describing the implementation of the conceptual didactics in Sweden, Switzerland and Australia.According to Maag Merki (2021) school improvement requires the perspective on the multi-level system and the confrontation with the "double reality" (Fend 2006) of educational systems, which are educational policies and the concrete actions of actors. Giddens' structuration theory (1984) serves to understand this dual reality. It is assumed that the actions of the actors cannot be adequately understood without reference to the specifications and structures. For the realization of sustainable school development, the view must be directed to the structures that enable or also limit school development. The success or failure of school development must thus be interpreted as the result of the interdependence of structure and action (Maag Meri, 2021).Based on this theoretical framework on school improvement the shared research questions are:· What are national regulations on SAEC and how are these policies transformed into practice?· How do the children use and value their time in SAEC?· What are educators’ professional believes and actions in SAEC?With a mixed method approach (Creswell, 2014) empirical data related to the phenomena of didactics in SAEC will be described, analyzed and compared using both qualitative and quantitative methods.An overview on the project design as well as the theoretical framework is given in the first presentation including the analysis of educational policies on SAEC in Sweden. The second presentation draws preliminary results on children’s data gathered in Australia, the third one presents results taken from the interviews with professionals, gathered in Switzerland
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| 27. |
- Boström, Lena, Professor i pedagogik, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the dynamics of study motivation : An in-depth analysis of teachers perceptions in primary schools
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Pedagogical Research. - : Journal of Pedagogical Research. - 2602-3717. ; 7:5, s. 251-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research has shown students’ study motivation is complex and demanding. It also asserts that teachers’ perceptions and attitudes are decisive, complex, and demanding because they need to make many choices about planning and handling lessons and review their fundamental beliefs about study motivation. We aimed to describe teachers’ perceptions of students’ study motivation. We collected the data from nine focus-group interviews with 26 Swedish teachers in five primary schools. Through reflexive thematic analysis, the following six themes of perceptions emerged: emotions, teachers, teaching, learning environment, family and friends, and health and well-being. Although many teachers assumed students have more intrinsic than extrinsic motivation, they described more extrinsic motivation factors. Changing factors of importance for study motivation are primarily background factors, things needed to feel and function in everyday life, such as good health, friends, and functioning relationships. The study’s results make an important contribution to understanding teachers as a starting point for understanding their didactic choices and how these choices can affect students, as well as how teaching could be changed to correspond more closely to students’ needs and conditions.
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| 28. |
- Boström, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Casimir attractive-repulsive transition in MEMS
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal B. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6028 .- 1434-6036. ; 85:11, s. 377-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unwanted stiction in micro-and nanomechanical (NEMS/MEMS) systems due to dispersion (van der Waals, or Casimir) forces is a significant hurdle in the fabrication of systems with moving parts on these length scales. Introducing a suitably dielectric liquid in the interspace between bodies has previously been demonstrated to render dispersion forces repulsive, or even to switch sign as a function of separation. Making use of recently available permittivity data calculated by us we show that such a remarkable nonmonotonic Casimir force, changing from attractive to repulsive as separation increases, can in fact be observed in systems where constituent materials are in standard NEMS/MEMS use requiring no special or exotic materials. No such nonmonotonic behaviour has been measured to date. We calculate the force between a silica sphere and a flat surface of either zinc oxide or hafnia, two materials which are among the most prominent for practical microelectrical and microoptical devices. Our results explicate the need for highly accurate permittivity functions of the materials involved for frequencies from optical to far-infrared frequencies. A careful analysis of the Casimir interaction is presented, and we show how the change in the sign of the interaction can be understood as a result of multiple crossings of the dielectric functions of the three media involved in a given set-up.
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| 29. |
- Boström, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Increased porosity turns desorption to adsorption for gas bubbles near water-SiO2 interface
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 91:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider theoretically the retarded van der Waals interaction of a small gas bubble in water with a porous SiO2 surface. We predict a possible transition from repulsion to attraction as the surface is made more porous. It highlights that bubbles will interact differently with surface regions with different porosity (i.e., with different optical properties).
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| 30. |
- Boström, M., et al.
(författare)
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Non-perturbative theory of dispersion interactions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - : IOP Publishing. - 0031-8949 .- 1402-4896. ; 90:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some open questions exist with fluctuation-induced forces between extended dipoles. Conventional intuition derives from large-separation perturbative approximations to dispersion force theory. Here, we present a full non-perturbative theory. In addition, we discuss how one can take into account finite dipole size corrections. It is of fundamental value to investigate the limits of validity of the perturbative dispersion force theory.
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| 31. |
- Boström, R., Eriksson, A.I., Åhlén, L., Blomberg, L., Gustafsson, G., Holback, B., Holmgren, G., Holtet, J., Jansson, S.E., Lindqvist, P.A., Lybekk, B., Mälkki, A., Riihelä, P. and Wahlund, J.E.
(författare)
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The Rosetta Dual Langmuir Probe Instrument for Measurements of Plasma Density, Temperature and Flow Velocity.
- 2001
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Ingår i: ESA SP-1165.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 32. |
- Boström, Zebastian, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidation of cyclohexene into adipic acid in aqueous dispersions of mesoporous oxides with built-in catalytical sites
- 2010
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Ingår i: Green Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9262 .- 1463-9270. ; 12:10, s. 1861-1869
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reactant incompatibility is a common problem in organic chemistry. This study investigates the use of concentrated aqueous dispersions of mesoporous oxides to overcome incompatibility. Oxidation of cyclohexene into adipic acid using aqueous hydrogen peroxide as oxidant has been performed in a range of ordered and disordered mesoporous materials. The different mesoporous oxides have been characterised with diffraction techniques (XRD and SAXS), electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) and nitrogen adsorption isotherms (BET and BJH methods). The catalyst used in the reaction was either soluble sodium tungstate added to a reaction system based on mesoporous silica, alumina or a silica/alumina mixture; or a catalytic oxide, tungsten oxide or titania, present in the framework of the mesoporous material. Tungsten oxide, either used as the sole oxide material or as a mixed oxide with silica turned out to be very efficient and gave almost quantitative yield of adipic acid. A major advantage with having the catalyst chemically incorporated in the walls of the porous material is that it can be easily reused. The results from recycling experiments show that the catalytic activity is retained.
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| 33. |
- Cedervall, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Phase stability and structural transitions in compositionally complex LnMO 3 perovskites
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4596 .- 1095-726X. ; 300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Entropy stabilised materials have possibilities for tailoring functionalities to overcome challenges in materials science. The concept of configurational entropy can also be applied to metal oxides, but it is unclear whether these could be considered as solid solutions in the case of perovskite-structured oxides and if the configurational entropy plays a stabilising role. In this study, compositionally complex perovskite oxides, LnMO3 (Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Ca and Sr, M = Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu), are investigated for their phase stability and magnetic behaviour. Phase-pure samples were synthesised, and the room temperature structures were found to crystallise in either Pnma or R3¯c space groups, depending on the composition and the resulting tolerance factor, while the structural transition temperatures correlate with the pseudo cubic unit cell volume. The techniques used included diffraction with X-rays and neutrons, both ex- and in-situ, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, magnetometry as well as electron microscopy. Neutron diffraction studies on one sample reveal that no oxygen vacancies are found in the structure and that the magnetic properties are ferrimagnetic-like with magnetic moments mainly coupled antiferromagnetically along the crystallographic c-direction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy gave indications of the oxidation states of the constituting ions where several mixed oxidation states are observed in these valence-compensated perovskites.
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| 34. |
- Damber, Ulla, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish student teachers’ perceptions of consequences of the teacher shortage for their future profession
- 2024
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Ingår i: Social Sciences & Humanities Open. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-2911. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current teacher shortage is a global phenomenon, and it has spurred research from various perspectives. However, there is limited research on student teachers’ perceptions, in particular in the Nordic countries. This study, therefore, is based on 75 student teachers’ perceptions of the teacher shortage and its consequences for their future profession, their students, and society at large. Empirical data was analysed with reflexive thematic analysis and following Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory. The answers show great concern from all three perspectives. The conclusions are that the teacher shortage must be understood and addressed on a broad front that includes student teachers.
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| 35. |
- Duffy, J. Emmett, et al.
(författare)
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A Pleistocene legacy structures variation in modern seagrass ecosystems
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distribution of Earth's biomes is structured by the match between climate and plant traits, which in turn shape associated communities and ecosystem processes and services. However, that climate-trait match can be disrupted by historical events, with lasting ecosystem impacts. As Earth's environment changes faster than at any time in human history, critical questions are whether and how organismal traits and ecosystems can adjust to altered conditions. We quantified the relative importance of current environmental forcing versus evolutionary history in shaping the growth form (stature and biomass) and associated community of eelgrass (Zostera marina), a widespread foundation plant of marine ecosystems along Northern Hemisphere coastlines, which experienced major shifts in distribution and genetic composition during the Pleistocene. We found that eelgrass stature and biomass retain a legacy of the Pleistocene colonization of the Atlantic from the ancestral Pacific range and of more recent within-basin bottlenecks and genetic differentiation. This evolutionary legacy in turn influences the biomass of associated algae and invertebrates that fuel coastal food webs, with effects comparable to or stronger than effects of current environmental forcing. Such historical lags in phenotypic acclimatization may constrain ecosystem adjustments to rapid anthropogenic climate change, thus altering predictions about the future functioning of ecosystems.
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| 36. |
- Duffy, J. Emmett, et al.
(författare)
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Toward a Coordinated Global Observing System for Seagrasses and Marine Macroalgae
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-7745. ; 6
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In coastal waters around the world, the dominant primary producers are benthic macrophytes, including seagrasses and macroalgae, that provide habitat structure and food for diverse and abundant biological communities and drive ecosystem processes. Seagrass meadows and macroalgal forests play key roles for coastal societies, contributing to fishery yields, storm protection, biogeochemical cycling and storage, and important cultural values. These socio-economically valuable services are threatened worldwide by human activities, with substantial areas of seagrass and macroalgal forests lost over the last half-century. Tracking the status and trends in marine macrophyte cover and quality is an emerging priority for ocean and coastal management, but doing so has been challenged by limited coordination across the numerous efforts to monitor macrophytes, which vary widely in goals, methodologies, scales, capacity, governance approaches, and data availability. Here, we present a consensus assessment and recommendations on the current state of and opportunities for advancing global marine macrophyte observations, integrating contributions from a community of researchers with broad geographic and disciplinary expertise. With the increasing scale of human impacts, the time is ripe to harmonize marine macrophyte observations by building on existing networks and identifying a core set of common metrics and approaches in sampling design, field measurements, governance, capacity building, and data management. We recommend a tiered observation system, with improvement of remote sensing and remote underwater imaging to expand capacity to capture broad-scale extent at intervals of several years, coordinated with strati fied in situ sampling annually to characterize the key variables of cover and taxonomic or functional group composition, and to provide ground-truth. A robust networked system of macrophyte observations will be facilitated by establishing best practices, including standard protocols, documentation, and sharing of resources at all stages of work flow, and secure archiving of open-access data. Because such a network is necessarily distributed, sustaining it depends on close engagement of local stakeholders and focusing on building and long-term maintenance of local capacity, particularly in the developing world. Realizing these recommendations will producemore effective, efficient, and responsive observing, a more accurate global picture of change in vegetated coastal systems, and stronger international capacity for sustaining observations.
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| 37. |
- Dür, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Personal Factors Important to People with Rheumatoid Arthritis and their Coverage by Patient-Reported Outcome Measures
- 2015
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 73:Suppl. 2, s. 894-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background There is an increasing call to use patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in health outcome research, because the perspective of patients is an essential part concerning the end results of health care. The coverage of patients' perspective by PROMs relevant in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been examined regarding all domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) except personal factors (PFs). Since the ICF did not classify PF, some researchers attempted to provide a classification of the PFs. Objectives We aimed to identify themes meaningful to people with RA, to determine which of these were attributed to PFs previously and to explore their coverage by PROMs. Methods We explored life stories to identify themes meaningful to people with RA and determined whether they have been previously attributed to PFs in the existing literature. Additionally we conducted a systematic literature search to identify PROMs relevant in RA. Finally, we explored whether the identified PROMs cover those themes which were attributed PFs previously. Results Twenty-two themes were found to be meaningful to 15 people with RA, of which 13 were attributed to PFs previously. Five themes were linked to activity and participation or environmental factors and four were not covered by the ICF. The systematic literature search resulted in the identification of 33 PROMs. Of these, the London Coping with Rheumatoid Arthritis Questionnaire and the Rheumatoid Arthritis Self-Efficacy Questionnaire covered most PFs. Examples of the coverage of themes attributed to PFs by PROMs are depicted at the Table 1.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Eriksson, Anders I., et al.
(författare)
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Cold and warm electrons at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP SCIENCES S A. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 605
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Strong electron cooling on the neutral gas in cometary comae has been predicted for a long time, but actual measurements of low electron temperature are scarce. Aims. Our aim is to demonstrate the existence of cold electrons in the inner coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and show filamentation of this plasma. Methods. In situ measurements of plasma density, electron temperature and spacecraft potential were carried out by the Rosetta Langmuir probe instrument, LAP. We also performed analytical modelling of the expanding two-temperature electron gas. Results. LAP data acquired within a few hundred km from the nucleus are dominated by a warm component with electron temperature typically 5-10 eV at all heliocentric distances covered (1.25 to 3.83 AU). A cold component, with temperature no higher than about 0.1 eV, appears in the data as short (few to few tens of seconds) pulses of high probe current, indicating local enhancement of plasma density as well as a decrease in electron temperature. These pulses first appeared around 3 AU and were seen for longer periods close to perihelion. The general pattern of pulse appearance follows that of neutral gas and plasma density. We have not identified any periods with only cold electrons present. The electron flux to Rosetta was always dominated by higher energies, driving the spacecraft potential to order -10 V. Conclusions. The warm (5-10 eV) electron population observed throughout the mission is interpreted as electrons retaining the energy they obtained when released in the ionisation process. The sometimes observed cold populations with electron temperatures below 0.1 eV verify collisional cooling in the coma. The cold electrons were only observed together with the warm population. The general appearance of the cold population appears to be consistent with a Haser-like model, implicitly supporting also the coupling of ions to the neutral gas. The expanding cold plasma is unstable, forming filaments that we observe as pulses.
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| 40. |
- Eriksson, K, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and matched controls.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of rheumatology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7732 .- 0300-9742. ; 41:4, s. 290-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: As physical activity reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population, studies concerning the frequency of physical activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are needed. Earlier studies indicate that patients with SLE are physically inactive but there are few studies that compare physical activity in SLE to that in the general population. The aim of this study was to examine different aspects of physical activity in patients with SLE and population controls and to investigate how they relate to disease activity and organ damage.METHODS: Two hundred and seventy-two patients with SLE and 272 population controls, individually matched for age, gender, and living region, were investigated clinically. For patients, the investigation included assessment of disease activity using the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and organ damage using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC) Damage Index. All participants filled out an extensive questionnaire concerning physical activity, exercise capacity, and sedentary behaviour.RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 47 (SD 15) years. Patients reported lower (p < 0.001) capacity for walking, jogging, and running and more limiting factors for these activities than controls (p < 0.001). Patients exercised less often than controls (p < 0.01) and patients with SLICC ≥ 2 points reported less physical activity on 'low to moderate' intensity compared to their controls (p < 0.05). Sedentary behaviour was reported by 18% of the patients and 26% of the controls (ns).CONCLUSION: Patients with SLE reported lower exercise capacity and less frequent exercise than controls. Additionally, patients with more organ damage reported less physical activity, and these, together with patients who have a sedentary behaviour, should be the focus of intervention programmes to support increased physical activity and exercise in SLE.
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| 41. |
- Esteso, V., et al.
(författare)
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Trapping of Gas Bubbles in Water at a Finite Distance below a Water-Solid Interface
- 2019
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 35:12, s. 4218-4223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gas bubbles in a water-filled cavity move upward because of buoyancy. Near the roof, additional forces come into play, such as Lifshitz, double layer, and hydrodynamic forces. Below uncharged metallic surfaces, repulsive Lifshitz forces combined with buoyancy forces provide a way to trap micrometer-sized bubbles. We demonstrate how bubbles of this size can be stably trapped at experimentally accessible distances, the distances being tunable with the surface material. By contrast, large bubbles (≥100 μm) are usually pushed toward the roof by buoyancy forces and adhere to the surface. Gas bubbles with radii ranging from 1 to 10 μm can be trapped at equilibrium distances from 190 to 35 nm. As a model for rock, sand grains, and biosurfaces, we consider dielectric materials such as silica and polystyrene, whereas aluminium, gold, and silver are the examples of metal surfaces. Finally, we demonstrate that the presence of surface charges further strengthens the trapping by inducing ion adsorption forces.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Fiedler, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of effective polarisability models on the near-field interaction of dissolved greenhouse gases at ice and air interfaces
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9084 .- 1463-9076. ; 21:38, s. 21296-21304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a theory for Casimir-Polder forces acting on greenhouse gas molecules dissolved in a thin water film. Such a nano-sized film has been predicted to arise on the surface of melting ice as stabilized by repulsive Lifshitz forces. We show that different models for the effective polarisability of greenhouse gas molecules in water lead to different predictions for how Casimir-Polder forces influence their extractions from the melting ice surface. For instance, in the most intricate model of a finite-sized molecule inside a cavity, dispersion potentials push the methane molecules towards the ice surface whereas the oxygen typically will be attracted towards the closest interface (ice or air). Previous models for effective polarisability had suggested that O2 would also be pushed towards the ice surface. Release of greenhouse gas molecules from the surface of melting ice can potentially influence climate greenhouse effects. With this model, we show that some molecules cannot escape from water as single molecules. Due to the contradiction of the results and the escape dynamics of gases from water, we extended the models to describe bubble filled with several molecules increasing their buoyancy force.
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| 44. |
- Gross, C. P., et al.
(författare)
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The biogeography of community assembly: latitude and predation drive variation in community trait distribution in a guild of epifaunal crustaceans
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 1471-2954 .- 0962-8452. ; 289:1969
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While considerable evidence exists of biogeographic patterns in the intensity of species interactions, the influence of these patterns on variation in community structure is less clear. Studying how the distributions of traits in communities vary along global gradients can inform how variation in interactions and other factors contribute to the process of community assembly. Using a model selection approach on measures of trait dispersion in crustaceans associated with eelgrass (Zostera marina) spanning 30° of latitude in two oceans, we found that dispersion strongly increased with increasing predation and decreasing latitude. Ocean and epiphyte load appeared as secondary predictors; Pacific communities were more overdispersed while Atlantic communities were more clustered, and increasing epiphytes were associated with increased clustering. By examining how species interactions and environmental filters influence community structure across biogeographic regions, we demonstrate how both latitudinal variation in species interactions and historical contingency shape these responses. Community trait distributions have implications for ecosystem stability and functioning, and integrating large-scale observations of environmental filters, species interactions and traits can help us predict how communities may respond to environmental change.
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| 45. |
- Hall-Lord, M-L., et al.
(författare)
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Elderly patients' experiences of pain and distress in intensive care : A grounded theory study
- 1994
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Ingår i: Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-3397 .- 1532-4036. ; 10:2, s. 133-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to develop a theoretical understanding of elderly patients' experiences of pain and distress in intensive care, using a grounded theory approach. 18 patients, 7 women and 11 men, were interviewed and observed in an intensive care unit (ICU). Their average age was 76.5, varying from 70–85. A model was generated from data, according to which elderly patients' experiences of pain and distress in intensive care can be described as four interrelated aspects: a sensory, an intellectual, an emotional, and an existential dimension. 16 categories form the four dimensions. The categories, in turn, are grounded in a number of interview and observational data. The sensory dimension is formed by the categories physical pain, physical discomfort, fatigue, and breathing problems, and the intellectual dimension by the categories not knowing, difficulty in expressing oneself/not being understood and confused perception of reality. The categories in the emotional dimension are worry, fear, resignation, bitterness, anger/irritation and dependency. Finally, the existential dimension is formed by the categories despair, threat to life and death acceptance. The categories within the four dimensions may be separate, but often they interact and influence each other in various ways. The model is discussed in relation to existing models and definitions of pain, where the intellectual and existential dimensions in particular have not been emphasized in a similar way.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Kunets, Y. I., et al.
(författare)
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Scattering of a SH-wave by an elastic fiber of nonclassical cross section with an interface crack
- 2008
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Ingår i: Mechanics of Composite Materials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0191-5665 .- 1573-8922. ; 44:2, s. 165-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of interaction of a plane time-harmonic SH-wave with an elastic fiber of quasi-square or quasi-triangular cross section, when an interface crack is present between an infinite elastic matrix and the fiber, is considered. The modified null-field method taking into account the asymptotic behavior of the solution at crack tips is exploited for obtaining numerical results. The effects of fiber shape, fiber/matrix material combination, debonding (crack size), and direction of wave incidence on the scattering amplitude in the far field are analyzed.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Larsson, Gerry, et al.
(författare)
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Sörmlandskuppen : kartläggning av vårdkvalitet vid syncentralen vid Mälarsjukhuset i Eskilstuna 1998
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En kartläggning gjordes 1998 vid syncentralen, Mälarsjukhuset i Eskilstuna, av patienternas och personalens upplevelse av vårdens kvalitet. Personalens upplevelser av psykosocial arbetsmiljö och av egna stressrelaterade symptom kartlades också. Deltagare var 115 patienter (55 % svarsfrekvens) och 8 anställda (100 % svarsfrekvens). Flertalet patienter, liksom personalen, är tillfredsställda med huvuddelen av vården. Många, såväl patienter som personal, är mindre tillfredsställda med att patienterna inte kan delta i beslut om rehabilitering, att kontinuiteten i habilitering/rehabilitering brister, och att de inte får information om övriga tillgängliga habiliterings/rehabiliteringsresurser. Ett åtgärdsförslag presenteras.
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