| 1. |
- Bodin, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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The amount of straw for growing-finishing pigs considering the reduction of time spent in manipulative behavior
- 2015
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Ingår i: SOJ Veterinary Sciences. - 2381-2907. ; 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The behavior of rooting and digging is highly motivated in the pig. The motivation to perform this exploratory behavior is not reduced even after the dietary requirement has been fulfilled through feeding. The aim of this study was to identify the minimal amounts of straw needed to satisfy pig motivation for manipulation and reduce to a minimum the manipulating behavior of pigs directed toward pen mates. To determine the minimal amount of straw needed for conventional growing-finishing pigs, a study using 168 pigs provided with 7 different amounts of straw (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200 or 300 grams/ pig/ day) was performed. The straw was provided either once or four times per day. Behavior observations were made using focal animal sampling and continuous recording for one hour between 9 and 10 am and between 3 and 4 pm. The time spent by the pigs manipulating straw increased over 10% ranging up to 27% in all the pens receiving over 200g of straw per day compared to the range from 4-22% in pens receiving 20-100g of straw. Meanwhile, the time spent in redirected behavior decreased below 5% in all the pens receiving over 200g of straw per day. No significant differences were found when comparing pens provided with straw once or four times per day.
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| 2. |
- Botermans, Jos, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison between air inlet via channels under the building and air inlets via the ceiling for growing-finishing pigs
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the studies was to compare the indoor climate between two different ventilation systems for growing-finishing pigs. In one housing system the air came into the pig house via channels under the lying area of the pigs. The air came into the compartment close to the lying area of the pigs. The first part of the exhaust air was via another channel along the manure channel (pit ventilation). The rest of the exhaust air was via two fans in the ceiling (farm 1). In the other housing system the air came into the pig house via air inlets in the ceiling. The exhaust air was via two fans in the ceiling (farm 2). Measurements were done during one summer batch and one winter batch. Air temperature was measured for 5-8 weeks with mini-loggers. Ammonia concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, air speed and differences in air pressure between in and outside the pig house, were registered at 4 occasions. During summer time, the temperature of incoming air via the channels under the building (farm 1) was almost the same as the temperature of the air outside. So the cooling effect in the channels was very small. However, on the farm with air inlets in the ceiling (farm 2), the incoming air, during the afternoon, was about 3 0C above the temperature outside. So during the warmest period of the day, the air was heated on the ceiling. On the farm with channels under the lying area, the pigs continued to lie on the concrete lying area instead of the slatted flooring and the cleanliness of the pens was good (farm 1). During winter time, the temperature of the incoming air via the channels under the building was about 4 0C above the air temperature outside. On the farm with air inlets in the ceiling, the air temperature of the incoming air was the same as the temperature of the air outside.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Botermans, Jos
(författare)
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Grisar har det bättre i Sverige
- 2009
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Ingår i: Svenska dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; 2009
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 8. |
- Botermans, Jos
(författare)
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Grisar har det klart bäst i Sverige
- 2009
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Ingår i: ATL: Lantbrukets affärstidning. - 0284-6160. ; , s. 20-
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 9. |
- Botermans, Jos, et al.
(författare)
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Measures to reduce ammonia emissions in pig production – review
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this literature review, measures of reducing the ammonia (NH3) emissions from pig production are described, with focus on systems that can be used under Swedish conditions. The entire production chain with feed, housing, manure storage and application on the field is described and taken into consideration. However, in order to limit the study, the production of crops for feed is not included. As compared to many other countries, emissions of NH3 in Swedish pig production are already low, due to low protein levels in the feed, housing systems with a small excretory area, and storage of slurry outside the building. Lowering the crude protein level from 14.5 % to 12.5 % would reduce NH3 emission by 20 % from the pig house. Including fiber in the feed, leads to a shift from nitrogen in the urine towards more nitrogen in the faeces. In combination with removing the manure daily from the pig house, this might give opportunities for reducing NH3 emissions. A reduction in NH3 emission of up to 50 % might be possible. However, using fiber leads to higher methane (CH4) emissions (from animal and housing), and therefore this should be combined with biogas production. More research is needed in this field. Adding acids or salts to the feed could reduce NH3 emission by up to 40 %, while also improving feed conversion efficiency. Of course, good practice when preparing the feed must be followed. By applying multi-phase feeding and feeding according to the sex of the animals, NH3 emissions could be reduced by 5-15 %. By reducing feed spillage, offering a good environment for the pigs and maintaining good pig health, nitrogen losses could also be reduced with about 5 – 15 %. The importance of having clean pens is also discussed in this literature survey. Swedish housing systems, having a relatively high percentage of solid flooring (with some bedding) and a small excretory area in the pen, provides an opportunity for reducing NH3 emissions from the housing system. However, one prerequisite for this is that the pigs keep the pens clean, and therefore the room temperature should not be too high. This means that during hot periods, the air has to be conditioned before entering the pig house, e.g., by taking in the air via channels under the building. Removing manure daily by means of scrapers (reduction up to 40 %) and cooling the manure under the slats (reduction up to 50 %) are measures that are already implemented in Swedish pig production. The effect of air temperature, air flow and ventilation system are also discussed. Cleaning the exhaust air using bio-filters (up to 65 % reduction), bio-scrubbers (up to 70 % reduction) and chemical scrubbers (up to 96 % reduction) is also an option. By only purifying the exhaust air from the manure channels, the costs for this method can be reduced substantially. The emissions of CH4 and nitrous oxide (N2O) from the housing system are also discussed. Removal of the manure under the slats appears to reduce CH4 emission from the building. The use of deep-litter bedding may in many cases result in high N2O emissions. More research is needed in this field. Treating the manure with sulphuric acid, in combination with aeration and re-circulation in the pig house, can reduce NH3 emissions by up to 70 %. Pumping slurry between different compartments in a pig house is not allowed according to the Swedish Welfare Legislation. Therefore it is not certain that the acidification of slurry, inside the pig house, can be applied in Sweden. Anaerobic treatment of biogas production, as another treatment of manure, may not reduce NH3 emissions when storing and spreading the manure, but it results in increasing the nitrogen availability for the crops. In that way nitrogen losses can be reduced since less nitrogen has to be spread per hectare. Besides, biogas production reduces odour problems as well as emissions of green house gas (GHG) by the production of energy and lower CH4 emissions. Aerobic treatment of manure, can reduce the emissions of NH3 and GHG. However, poorly controlled aeration processes can have the opposite effect. Storage of slurry in a tank having a cover lid has been pointed out in many investigations, to be the easiest and most effective way of reducing NH3 and CH4 emissions. The straw used for fattening pigs is mainly consumed by the pigs, and it is rare that a naturally stable crust will be developed on the slurry. However, within piglet production a crust on the slurry tank is often found. This crust can cause problems when the slurry tank is covered. Technical solutions have to be developed to solve this problem. On pig farms, the main crops are cereals, and the slurry is mainly applied either in the spring during tillage work, or band spread in the early summer on growing cereals. Incorporation of the slurry, e.g., by harrowing in the spring, effectively reduces the NH3 losses if it takes place as soon as possible after spreading, preferably directly or at least within 4 hours after spreading. Another possibility is to band spread the slurry onto the growing cereals because the canopy provides a microclimate which reduces the NH3 losses, as compared to spreading on a bare field. Late application during the vegetation period or spreading before the autumn sowing, often results in lower nitrogen utilization by the plants, and thereby higher risks of nitrogen leakage. Due to interactions between different sources on a farm, reduction in NH3 emission from the individual sections of the livestock production system cannot be simply added to give the net reduction in emission from the total system. Thus a whole farm system approach is needed for devising control strategies for reducing NH3 emission. Four scenarios were evaluated in this report. Scenario 1 consists of: Reduction of the crude protein in the feed from 14.5 % to 12.5 %, relatively simple technique inside the pig house to reduce NH3 emission, covering the slurry tank and new technique when spreading manure. Scenario 2 consists of: Using biproducts from industry (16.5 % crude protein instead of 14.5 %) and cleaning of exhausting air, covering the slurry tank and new technique when spreading manure. Scenario 3 comprises conditions similar to those of Scenario 1, including high dietary feed fiber content in combination with biogas production. Scenario 4 comprises conditions similar to those of Scenario 2, including high dietary feed fiber content and in combination with biogas production. Preliminary calculations indicate that the scenarios may reduce emissions by 47-68 %. It should be pointed out that the calculations are still very uncertain. The calculations show that Scenario 3 appears to be the most effective way of reducing NH3 emissions. So the combination of using low protein feed with high fiber content together with the production of biogas appears to be a promising method for future development. Even Scenario 1, which used only simple techniques, has a significant result: lowering the protein content affects the entire chain from feed to the field. From the literature review, it can be concluded that one should consider whole farm systems when trying to reduce NH3 emissions. Having a roof on the manure storage, using band spreading together with incorporation, e.g. harrowing, within a few hours after spreading, are the most important and easiest ways of reducing NH3losses. When discussing the method of animal keeping, feeding and housing, a low protein level in the feed has a positive effect along the entire production chain, and appears to be the most effective means of reducing NH3 emissions. Using more fiber or acids/salts in the feed will reduce the NH3 emission even more. When biproducts from industry are used in the pig feed, cleaning the exhausting air from the manure channel may be an option. More research is needed before recommendations can be given
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| 10. |
- Botermans, Jos, et al.
(författare)
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Olika mängder halm till slaktgrisar
- 2014
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Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Halm har tydliga positiva effekter för slaktgrisars välbefinnande. Informationen, om vilken mängd av halm som krävs för att uppnå dessa positiva effekter, är dock bristfällig. Målsättningen med det utförda projektet var att få fram underlag kring vilka halmmängder som bör ges till slaktgrisar i konventionella inhysningssystem. Totalt ingick tre slaktgrisomgångar med 14 boxar per omgång. Sju olika halmmängder (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200 och 300 gram/slaktgris/dag), som tilldelades som en (kl. 10.00) alternativt fyra givor (kl. 10.00, 12.00, 14.00 och 16.00), jämfördes. Grisar som fick 200 eller 300 gram halm/gris/dag spenderade mer tid med att manipulera halm än de grisar som fick 20-100 gram halm/gris/dag. Grisar som fick 20 - 100 gram halm/gris/dag visade mer omriktat beteende än grisar som fick 200 eller 300 gram halm/gris/dag. "Gränsgivan", då man minskar de negativa beteendena, tycktes i denna studie ligga vid mellan 100 och 200 gram halm/gris/dag. Vid högre halmgivor registrerades inga extra fördelar avseende de negativa beteendena medan förekomsten av undersökande beteenden ökade. Vid små halmgivor visade de grisar, som fick sin halm uppdelad på fyra tillfällen, mer omriktat beteende än grisar som fick samma mängd vid bara ett tillfälle. Slutsatsen av studien är att mängden halm bör ligga mellan 100 - 200 gram/gris/dag om man enbart tar hänsyn till negativa beteenden hos grisen, men minst 300 g om man tar hänsyn till grisens behov av att undersöka sin omgivning.
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| 11. |
- Botermans, Jos, et al.
(författare)
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Performance, health and behaviour of organic growing-finishing pigs in two different housing systems with or without access to pasture
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4702 .- 1651-1972. ; 65, s. 158-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of two housing systems (deep litter and straw-flow), with and without access to pasture during the summer period, were studied in an organic growing-finishing pig herd. Performance, health, skin lesions and daytime pig activity were studied in 29 pens of 16 pigs (total of 464 pigs, in 4 batches). Data from 21 pens were used for comparisons of deep litter and straw-flow and data from 16 pens for comparisons of access/no access to pasture. Pigs in the deep litter system had a lower carcass meat percentage (56.6% vs. 57.3%) and more locomotion problems (4.4% vs. 0%) than pigs in the straw-flow system. No difference in daytime pig activity was detected between the two housing systems. Under moderate temperatures, pigs with access to pasture and fed a commercial organic feed inside the building were not more active during daytime behaviour studies (7.30 h-16.30 h) than pigs without access to pasture. However, at 17 weeks of age the pigs with pasture access spent 21% of their time on pasture, less time inside the pig house (20% vs. 33%) and less time on the outside concrete area (4% vs. 12%) than the pigs without pasture. No difference in performance was detected between pigs with and pigs without access to pasture.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Botermans, Jos, et al.
(författare)
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Små mjölkautomater "cups" för minskad smågrisdödlighet : en anpassning till svenska förhållanden
- 2015
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Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ett sätt att minska smågrisdödligheten kan vara att ge extra mjölkersättning i små mjölkautomater "cups" till diande smågrisar. Utomlands är dessa "cups" placerade på spalten. Detta gör att ett eventuellt spill av mjölk hamnar i gödselkulverten. Dessutom är suggorna fixerade under hela digivningsperioden och kan inte komma åt dessa "cups". Smågrisarna avvänjs oftast vid 18- 25 dagars ålder och deras påfrestning på dessa små mjölkautomater är inte så stor. I Sverige går suggorna däremot lösa i samband med digivningen. Därför behöver de små mjölkautomaterna stå i smågrishörnan. Golvet i smågrishörnan brukar bestå av fast betonggolv med golvvärme. Dessutom ligger strömaterial på golvet som eventuellt skulle kunna ställa till problem genom att strömedel hamnar i mjölkautomaterna. Man avvänjer smågrisar vid en högre ålder i Sverige vilket också ställer högre krav på robustheten hos systemet. I projektet byggdes därför rostfria skydd med "cups" som monterades mot boxväggen utan att behöva borra i golvet. Sedan testades systemet under praktiska förhållanden (44 grisningsboxar). Det förekom i stort sätt inget spill av mjölk och golvet blev inte fuktigt. I samband med kastrering och vaccination av smågrisarna i smågrishörnan fick man däremot ta bort trycket från systemet för att förhindra spill av mjölk. Detta för att smågrisarna trampade i "cupsen" och kom åt nipplarna oavsiktligt vid kastrering och vaccinering. Ibland kom strömedel i "cupsen" och då fick man göra dessa rena för hand. Detta hände dock inte så ofta. Automaten var mycket robust och klarade påfrestningarna från 35 kg tillväxtgrisar.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Olsson, Anne-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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An experimental model for studying claw lesions in growing female pigs
- 2016
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Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 184, s. 58-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problems with claw lesions leading to lameness are a growing concern in pig production. However, the causes and development of claw lesions are poorly understood and studies on prevention of claw lesion problems in gifts and sows are limited.This study tested a new experimental model which facilitates evaluation of the impact of different risk factors on pig feet lesions.The model consisted of using young gilts with a well-known background and promoting traumatic claw lesions for study purposes by increasing social and agonistic activity through regrouping on concrete flooring. Then claw lesions were assessed systematically and objectively on feet after slaughter. To test the model, two levels of exposure to concrete flooring were compared; normal activity in groups of gifts (no regrouping=NR) and increased activity in groups of gifts by performing several regroupings (repeated regrouping=RR).A total of 72 gilts (pairs of litter mates) in two batches, aged 4 months, were randomly distributed to the two treatments (NR and RR) in group pens (3 gilts per pen) with concrete flooring. The gilts were given approximately 200 g of straw per gilt every day. At 8, 9 and 10 months of age, half the gilts (36 animals) were regrouped with each other. At 11 months of age, all gifts in both treatments were slaughtered and the left rear foot from each was removed and collected for detailed studies of claw lesions. Lesions of the heel, transition heel/toe, white line, wall and toe and over-growth of the heel were assessed on the outer and inner digit. Blind scoring of claw lesions on a scale from 0 to 3 was carried out in laboratory conditions on cleaned claws. Body lesions were also blind-scored on a scale from 0 to 3 one week after the third regrouping.The results showed claw lesions on the soft and hard horn of the claws and significantly (p = 0.004) higher claw lesion score in RR gifts (0.40) than in NR gilts (0.23).It was concluded that as expected, regrouping gifts on concrete flooring resulted in both more numerous and more severe claw lesions than ungrouped gilts. Likewise, body lesion score was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in RR gilts (1.71) than NR gilts (0.46).It was also concluded that the proposed model could be a successful experimental design for challenging different risk factors, e.g. flooring and management, for development of claw lesions in pigs. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
- Olsson, Anne-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Animal interaction and response to electronic sow feeding (ESF) in 3 different herds and effects of function settings to increase capacity
- 2011
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Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 137, s. 268-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ESF feeding technology is one of the available choices for the group housing of gestating sows. The general objective of this investigation was to study animal interaction and response to ESF feeding in 3 sow herds. The focus was on the effect of the EFS settings used to determine feeder capacity (feed delivery intervals, amount to be delivered, gate management), on animal interactions and attacks at the feeder, and on the occurrence of vulva lesions and skin injuries. More than 50 % of the sow visits to the feeder were non-feeding visits, and sows attacking a sow when she entered the feeder were noted in one third of the visits. When changing sows in the feeder, 4-6 sows queued at the entrance gate; it was found that one third of these had eaten previously. Vulva bites were seen in up to one third of the sows; many of these bites were serious, bleeding lesions. Feeder settings which increased the capacity, thus shortening the available feeding time, also resulted in significantly more sow queuing. In addition, the presence of serious vulva bites was more pronounced in the herd with the highest capacity settings. An increase in feed spillage and the presence of unusual bite lesions at the root of the tail were also attributed to settings for higher capacity (shorter available eating times). It was concluded that the biological function (how sows relate to the system) depended very much on the feeder settings
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Olsson, Anne-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Arbetseffektiva grisningsboxar : en fältstudie
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The production level in Swedish pig production is high, but their ability to compete in comparison with other countries is weak, because the Swedish production costs are high. Particularly poor is the competitiveness of Swedish piglet production, whereas growing-finishing pig production generally manages better. Those production costs which are especially high in Sweden are for buildings and labour. In this report, the results of work studies carried out in piglet producing herds with farrowing pens constructed after 2000, are reported. The herds were chosen in consultation with Swedish Meats/Scan AB. The aim of the studies was to focus on the farrowing pen, and how its’ design affected the time necessary for manure removal and management of the piglets. The work studies were thus divided into two separate work operations: work operation 1) the removal of manure and checking/monitoring the piglets, and work operation 2) managing/handling the piglets. In each herd, the work operations have been carried out continually within a number of farrowing pens per farrowing unit. The time for the different activities (transport outside the pen, transport inside the pen, work with gates, work with boards, work with doors/hatches, dunging out and the monitoring and management of the piglets) has been noted using a hand-held computer (PSION). All the practical work with manure removal and animal management has been done by the same individual in all the herds (Person 1). Similarly, all the notations with the computer have been carried out by the same observer in all the herds (Person 2). A total of 16 herds have been visited 1-2 times each. At the visit, besides the work studies, the owner/stock person has been interviewed with respect to herd management, farrowing pen design and cleaning, routines and management of the piglets, etc. In addition, the farrowing pens in every herd have been measured and photo-documented in detail. The farrowing pens in the 16 herds have been divided into two different types: pens without a protective bar system (Pen A) and pens with a protective bar system which can be used to limit the sow’s movements, if necessary (Pen B). In Figures 1-7, the plans and photographs of all the Pen A farrowing pens are shown, whereas similar documentation for Pen B is given in Figures 8-16. All the pens without a protective bar system (Pen A) were also used for rearing the pigs during the first weeks after weaning (the so-called not-moved system), while the piglets in the farrowing pens with a protective bar system (Pen B) were moved at weaning (the so-called moved system). The pens in the moved system were somewhat smaller, had a higher proportion of slatted floors, and had the dung removed more often using vacuum manure removal than did the pens in the not moved system (Table 1). The hygiene scores for the solid floors were, however, on average, the same for both pen systems (0.44 and 0.43, respectively)(Table 1): Besides having two pen types A or B, the pens were also classified according to the proportion of slatted flooring (< 45 % of the total pen area having slatted floors, and > 45 % of the total pen area having slatted floors). They were also classified according to the orientation of the pen to the inspection alley (front, back or side oriented). The results of the time studies of work operation 1 (manure removal and piglet monitoring) are shown in in diagram form per herd Figure 17.. It can be seen from the Figure that there is a large variation between the herds and that the time spent for dunging out sometimes was nearly half of the entire work operation. On average, it was observed that the work operation for dunging out in total required 0.84 min per pen and occasion, while just scraping out the dung required on average circa 0.44 min per pen. The remainder of the time was spent opening gates, hatches, transport between pens, etc. In general, there was a significant correlation between the hygiene score for the solid areas of the pen and the time spent on manure removal and the entire work operation, respectively (Table 2). Irrespective of pen type, it was also clear that having a good pen hygiene reduced the work related to manure removal. The total time for work operation 1 was also significantly affected by the proportion of slatted floors in the pen, being faster if the proportion was greater. Since Pen A on average had somewhat less slatted areas, a rather longer time for this work operation was noted for this pen type in comparison with that for Pen B. In the statistical analyses, where consideration was also given to the proportion of slatted floors in the model, it was found, however, that this difference was not significant. Within pen type A, the variation in time spent in work operation 1 was also especially great between the different herds (Figure 17), and it should be noted that the shortest time for the activity “manure removal” was noted for a type A farrowing pen. A statistically significant difference between Pens A and B, to the detriment of Pen A, was, however, noted for the activity “management of gates”. This was mainly due to the necessity of entering the pen for manure removal, because Pen A had about 35% greater solid floor area than pen B. In Pen B, at least in some pen design variations, it was possible to reach the whole solid area from the inspection path outside the pen. This greatly reduced the time spent handling gates. For the forward oriented pen, a significantly shorter time for monitoring the piglets as well as a tendency for spending a shorter amount of time for gate management was noted (Table 4). The shorter time for gate management was due to the routine for dunging out the forward oriented pens completely from outside the pens (Figure 18), which was used in many herds. With respect to work operation 2 (piglet management) a tendency towards a negative relationship between the time required for this work operation and work operation 1 could be shown. That is, in the pens where the manure removal was quickly and efficiently performed, it took, instead, somewhat longer time to manage/handle the piglets (Table 5). On average, the work operation “handling piglets” took 2.47 min per pen (when standardised to 11 pigs per pen). That is, nearly 3 times as long as time required for manure removal. Collecting and management the piglet in this way, however, was carried out significantly less often than the manure operation; often only on 1-2 occasions per litter in connection with castration, iron treatment and teeth filing. The entire work operation 2, management of animals, was carried out significantly faster in Pen A (without a protective bar system). This could possibly be explained by the tendency to use more time for managing gates, because sometimes the protective bar system had to be opened or moved in order to get the piglets (Table 6), as noted for the pens with the protective bar system. The proportion of slatted floors in the pens had no significant influence on how quickly the management of the piglets was carried out (Table 6). Nor did the factor “orientation of pen in relation to the inspection alley” appear to have any significant influence on the time required to manage the pigs (work operation 2) (Table 7). On the other hand, there was a tendency that the piglet management was carried out somewhat faster in the side oriented pens (Table 7). How then can we summarise what we have learned in the present study about the optimal design of a farrowing pen? As in many other situations it can be concluded that there are many conflicts between the different aims which one wants to achieve! It is clear that an increase in the proportion of slatted flooring in the pen will reduce the time for removing the dung. However, a increase in slatted floor area, leads to a corresponding reduction in the amount of bedding material used. On the other hand, no significant difference in the time required for manure removal between the pens where the sow was always free to move around (not moved system, Pen A), and where the pens had a protective bar system to be used at farrowing (moved system, Type B) can be determined. The piglets are, however, managed significantly faster in Pen A due to a better gate system for locking the piglets in their creep area. The orientation of the pen also appears to have some influence on the dung removal activity (work operation 1). In the side oriented pens, this activity appears to be somewhat more difficult in comparison with the front or the back oriented pens. The significantly higher hygiene score in the side oriented pens may explain this observation. The interpretation is unclear, but it may be that it is more difficult to have optimal ventilation in the side oriented pens. The length of the alleys in a farrowing unit with side oriented pens is also longer, since it is necessary to go past the long side of the pen and not the short side when transporting past the pens, as for the other orientations. In some of the newer front oriented pens, shorter times for the removal of dung (work operation 1) have been observed. This depends on, among other things, being able to scrape the solid area from outside the pen, which greatly reduced the time required for managing the gates. It should, however, be noted that even if the pen normally can be scraped from outside, sometimes it is necessary to enter the pen to do it more carefully, or in order to manage the piglets. Where there was no flexibility in the form of having gates in the dung alley was considered to be irritating, “cheap” and clearly a working environment shortcoming by many of the stockpersons in the study. The greater proportion of slatted floors in the farrowing pen permitted according to the Animal Welfare Regulations of 2006 (DFS 2006:4), clearly appeared to reduce the amount of work in connection with manure removal in these piglet herds. A
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Olsson, Anne-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Design of rooting yards for better hygiene and lower ammonia emissions within the outdoor concrete area in organic pig production
- 2016
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Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 185, s. 79-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large fouled concrete areas outdoors and high nitrogen emissions are a problem in organic pig production. This is not consistent with the goal of organic farming to minimise the environmental impact of agricultural production. Introduction of a special rooting yard with rooting material in the outdoor concrete area could possibly be a way to create more activity in one part of the outdoor area, in which the pigs do not want to excrete. In the present study, the aim was to find an optimal design for such a rooting yard in the outdoor area. Four different designs of rooting yards, with varying sizes and wall heights ((LH=large (8.4 m(2)) with one high wall (1.0 m); LL=large (8.4 m(2)) with low walls (0.3 m); SH= small (5.3 m(2)) with one high wall (1.0 m) and SL=small (53 m(2)) with low walls (0.3 m)), were tested in parallel and compared with a reference pen (R) without a rooting yard. Peat was used as rooting material in all the outdoor rooting yards. In total, two batches, in a research facility with eight pens of 16 pigs each, were studied. Data on performance, location and activity in the pen and hygiene and ammonia emissions in the outdoor area were used for evaluation of the designs. No significant differences were seen in performance, total activity and total rooting activity between treatments. However, the pigs in the pens with rooting yards were observed rooting outdoors significantly more than those in the reference pens. Significantly better hygiene and a tendency for lower ammonia emissions from the area with rooting material were recorded in the pens with rooting yards compared with the same area in the reference treatment.It was concluded that use of a rooting yard in the outdoor area in organic pig production allows the excretory behaviour of the pigs to be steered in the desired direction, improving hygiene and the appearance of the outdoor area. A large rooting yard with one high wall was found to be the best design, giving a 14% reduction in chamber NH3 emissions (E-CH) from the total outdoor area compared with the reference pen. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 24. |
- Olsson, Anne-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Detaljstudier vid grisning i två olika boxsystem
- 2016
-
Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Hög spädgrisdödlighet är ett problem i smågrisproduktionen. Under senare år har antalet födda grisar per kull ökat och optimala förhållanden i samband med grisarnas födelse är av stor betydelse för spädgrisarnas överlevnad. Hur den mest optimala grisningsboxen utformas har diskuterats flitigt under senare år. Som en åtgärd för att minska spädgrisdödligheten föreslår Sveriges Grisföretagare att det ska bli tillåtet för svenska producenter att tillfälligt stänga inne suggor med skyddsgrindar under de första dygnen efter grisning. Bland argumenten mot tillfällig innestängning av suggan framförs bl a att en tillfällig innestängning kan orsaka stress hos suggan med negativa konsekvenser för grisning och mjölkproduktion. I denna studie har ett antal grisningar i två olika typer av grisningsboxar (typ A, för helt lösgående grisning, Bild 1; respektive typ B, för tillfällig innestängning av suggan i samband med grisningen, Bild 2) videofilmats och detaljstuderats. I denna studie har inte några skillnader i total grisningstid respektive i födelseintervall mellan smågrisar hos suggor i de två boxtyperna kunnat påvisas. Däremot observerades att de lösgående suggorna (i boxtyp A) oftast valde att föda sina grisar på den fasta ytan i boxen. P g a den tillfälliga innestängningen var detta en omöjlighet för suggorna i boxtyp B. Det konstaterades också att vissa närmiljödetaljer i boxarna kan fördröja den första juverkontakten efter grisarnas födelse. Studier av juverkontakter m h a videoupptagningar är dock ingen optimal metod eftersom individuell märkning vid grisningen är omöjlig
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| 25. |
- Olsson, Anne-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Grisproduktion kräver helhetssyn
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Helsingborgs dagblad. - 1103-9388.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Olsson, Anne-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Hur fungerar olika gummigolv i grisningsboxen praktiskt och hur är suggans liggbeteende på gummi- jämfört med betonggolv?
- 2014
-
Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Gummigolv på den fasta betongytan installerades i ett antal grisningsboxar med syfte att förbättra djurhälsa och komfort för både smågrisar och suggor. I detta Fakta-blad presenteras erfarenheter från de testade gummigolven samt resultat från suggornas beteende i jämförelse med betonggolv. Totalt testades och jämfördes tre olika gummimaterial i grisningsboxarna under fem grisningsomgångar. Hur lång tid suggorna stod eller låg och var suggorna befann sig i grisningsboxen studerades med hjälp av dygnsvisa videoinspelningar ca 1 vecka respektive 3 veckor efter grisningen. Sammanfattningsvis konstaterades att suggornas liggbeteende inte påverkades negativt av gummimaterialen, snarare tvärtom. Den mjukare gummimattan bedömdes som bäst ur komfortsynpunkt. Hållbarheten hos gummimassabeläggningen var inte tillräckligt bra och den hårdare gummimattan upplevdes som hal vid grisningen för både sugga och personal.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Olsson, Anne-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Pen hygiene, N, P and K budgets and calculated nitrogen emission for organic growing-finishing pigs in two different housing systems with and without pasture access
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 165, s. 138-146
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of two housing systems (deep litter and straw-flow), with and without access to pasture during the summer period, were studied in an organic growing-finishing pig herd. Pen hygiene studies, N, P and K budgets and estimations of nitrogen emission were made for two batches (8 pens/batch and 16 pigs/pen) one during the winter period and one during the summer period. It was concluded that there were no significant differences in overall pen hygiene between the housing systems. During the growing period in the summer, the pen hygiene on the outdoor concrete area was significantly better (P < 0.05) when the pigs had access to pasture. In addition, the total pen hygiene (indoors+concrete area outdoors) tended (P=0.09) to be cleaner with access to pasture during the summer period. The N-losses of the amount of N excreted were the same (26-27%) during the winter period as during the summer period. The amount of N excreted was on average 6.0 kg N per pig during the winter, and 4.2 kg N per pig during the summer; this was equivalent to an N-emission of 1.5-1.6 kg N/pig during winter and 1.1-1.2 kg N/pig during summer. The difference was mainly due to a higher feed consumption and more straw usage during the winter. In comparison to the calculated N-emissions from a non-organic pig, this was approximately 3-4 times greater. In the present study, a 10% larger feed usage explained the differences in N-emission by a factor of 1.2, a 15% higher crude protein level explained the differences by a factor of 1.3 and finally a larger fouled area explained the differences by a factor of 2.3. Differences in temperature and airflow were not taken into account in these calculations. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 30. |
- Olsson, Anne-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Piglet mortality – A parallel comparison between loose-housed and temporarily confined farrowing sows in the same herd
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4702 .- 1651-1972. ; 68, s. 52-62
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In literature, piglet mortality is described as a multifactorial complex influenced by factors as litter size, age and health of the sow, farrowing system, management etc. In this study, a parallel comparison was made between two farrowing systems; a temporarily confined (TC) (farrowing- 3 days after) versus a loose sow (L). On average, 0.4 more pigs per litter survived until weaning if the sow was temporarily confined (TC) compared with being loose (L). Cause of death was recorded according to a strict template. Underweight and crushing was the most common causes. For crushing, during 1-3 days after birth, an interaction between sow age and farrowing system was observed, with differences between farrowing systems only for intermediate-aged and older sows (>parity 2). There were no significant differences between systems regarding farrowing duration or number of stillborn pigs, but a significant increase in farrowing problems was recorded for TC-sows.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Olsson, Anne-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Semineringsrutiner i smågrisbesättningar för ökad effektivitet, produktivitet och attraktionskraft som arbetsplats : en fältstudie
- 2012
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Semineringsarbetet i smågrisbesättningen är grunden till en bra produktion i besättningen i form av många producerade grisar per kull. Att detta arbete utförs omsorgsfullt och noggrant är därför av stor betydelse. En väl fungerande inredning, som passar både djur och skötare, ökar förutsättningarna för att arbetsmomentet blir utfört på ett optimalt sätt. För djuren gäller att de ska utsättas för minimal i stress i samband med semineringen, samtidigt med att galtstimulansen bör vara maximal. För seminören gäller att arbetsbelastningen och risken för skador ska vara så liten som möjligt. Ofta utför en eller ett fåtal personer hela semineringsarbetet i de allt större smågrisbesättningarna och arbetsmiljön vid seminering blir därför viktigare. Samtidigt kräver produktionsekonomin att effektiviteten ökas och att arbetstiden förkortas. I denna undersökning gjordes en jämförande studie av seminering enligt det ”traditionella” tillvägagångssättet att flytta suggorna till en semineringsyta intill galten med den nu allt vanligare lösningen att seminera suggorna i kombinerade ät- och semineringsboxar. Hypotesen var att det nyare sättet att seminera minskar den totala arbetstiden med seminering. Förutom att jämföra arbetsbelastning och arbetstider har syftet också varit att redovisa erfarenheter, och ta fram dokumentation och rekommendationer från olika lösningar för att öka kompetensen hos lärare, rådgivare och konsulter inom grissektorn. Projektets långsiktiga mål har varit att ytterligare öka effektiviteten i den svenska smågrisproduktionen. Totalt har semineringar i 12 st smågrisproducerande besättningar studerats. I sex av besättningarna flyttades suggorna till galten (seminering på semineringsyta) medan seminörerna i de övriga 6 besättningarna seminerade i kombinerade ät- och semineringsbås. Vid besättningsbesöken har ägare/skötare intervjuats om besättningsstorlek, djurflöde och vilka rutiner som används i samband med semineringarna. Semineringsavdelningen och semineringsytor/semineringsbås, drivgångar, grindar m.m. har mäts upp och fotograferats. Dessutom har videofilmningar av semineringar utförts i alla de besökta besättningarna. Efter besöken har videofilmerna avkodats. För varje seminering har tiden för själva semineringen (fr. o. m. att kateten sattes i t. o. m. att kateten togs ut) samt tiden mellan semineringarna (=övrig tid) registrerats för alla seminörer. Vidare har totala antalet seminerade suggor och totala antalet hanterade och kontrollerade suggor registrerats från videofilmerna. Videofilmerna har även använts som underlag för bedömning av belastning och skaderisker i arbetet. I figurerna A1-L2 samt bilderna A1-L8 visas planlösningar och foton från semineringsavdelningen i de besökta anläggningarna. Förutom de semineringsstudier som utförts ute i konventionella besättningar har 3 st kombinerade ät- och semineringsbås monterats upp i semineringsavdelningen på LBT:s bygglabb för gris för parallella subjektiva jämförelser (figur 1). Egna synpunkter och erfarenheter på för- och nackdelar hos de jämförda båsen har dokumenterats. Vid studiebesök har studenter och grisproducenter också haft möjlighet att se de tre olika lösningarna på kombinerade ät- och semineringsbås inom samma besättning. Från enkäterna i de besökta besättningarna konstaterades att man generellt var nöjd med sitt semineringssystem oberoende av om man seminerade på semineringsyta eller i semineringsbås. I medeltal var nästan 64 % av de studerade seminörerna kvinnor (tabell 1). I 8 de besättningar man nu seminerade i semineringsbås, men tidigare seminerat på semineringsyta, menade man dock att arbetet underlättats betydligt med semineringsbåsen. Vid seminering på semineringsyta identifierades skaderisker och arbetsbelastning i samband med att andra suggor hoppade upp på den sugga som seminerades alternativt på seminören själv (Bild 1-4). Seminören/seminörerna fick också emellanåt använda förhålladevis mycket muskelkraft då de motade suggor till semineringsytan alternativt från semineringsytan ner i djupströbädden efter utförd seminering (Bild 5-10). Vid seminering i semineringsbås påverkade båsens utformning i stor utsräckning seminörens sätt att arbeta och därmed arbetsbelastning och skaderisker. Bakgrindarnas konstruktion och låsanordningarna var avgörande för hur seminören tog sig in i båsen samt för vilka rörelser seminören behövde göra med arm, hand och handled. Seminörerna registrerades också ofta förflytta sig från bås till bås över båsmellanväggen. Båsmellanväggens utformning var i detta fall betydelsefull för skaderisken i detta moment (Bild 11-19). Från tidsregistreringarna konstaterades att själva semineringstiden inte påverkades av vilket semineringssystem som användes (figur 2, tabell 2). I medeltal tog en seminering 2,3 minuter per sugga både i systemet med semineringsyta och semineringsbås. Den variation som fanns mellan olika besättningar berodde på om seminören alltid lät suggan suga in spermadosen själv eller, åtminstone i vissa fall, använde ett lätt tryck på spermadosen vid semineringen. Däremot registrerades en signifikant skillnad i den övriga tiden per seminerad sugga mellan semineringssystemen. I medeltal var den övriga tiden 3,8 minuter per seminerad sugga vid seminering på semineringsyta jämfört med 1,9 minuter per seminerad sugga då man använde sig av semineringsbås. Den ”övriga tiden” var alltså i medeltal dubbelt så lång vid seminering på semineringsyta. Detta resultat gällde då ingen korrektion för hur stor andel av suggorna i gruppen som seminerades, gjorts. Eftersom den ”övriga tiden” per seminerade sugga ökar när andelen seminerade suggor i sugg-gruppen minskar (figur 3) gjordes också en korrektion av den övriga tiden till 80 % seminerade suggor i sugg-gruppen i alla besättningar. Skillnaden i ”övrig tid” mellan seminering på semineringsyta jämfört med i semineringsbås blev då mindre (3,6 jämfört med 2,1 minuter per seminerad sugga) och signifikansen förändrades till en tendens (p=0,09) (tabell 3). Förutom de studier som utfördes i konventionella besättningar uppmonterades och jämfördes tre olika semineringsbås i samband med seminering av suggor på LBT:s eget bygglabb (figur 1). Från de subjektiva bedömningar som utfördes av olika seminörer kom typ I-båset att rangordnas högst (tabell 4). Det som uppskattades hos detta semineringsbås var framförallt båsets enkla och kraftiga konstruktion. Det ska dock observeras att båset inte ansågs bäst i alla bedömningsparametrar (tabell 4). Vid val av semineringsbås är det därför viktigt att göra en kravspecifikation i förhållande till önskemålen och förutsättningarna i den egna besättningen. Sammanfattningsvis kan konstateras att de i studien framkomna resultaten visar på att seminering i semineringsbås är något mer arbetseffektivt jämfört med seminering på semineringsyta. Som seminör är det dock viktigt att vara medveten om att suggorna inte själva kan ombesörja noskontakten med galten vid seminering i semineringsbås. Därför krävs det mer av seminören vad gäller att suggorna får en optimal galtkontakt. Ett sätt att lösa galtkontakten är att använda en fjärrstyrd galtvagn. I de besättningar, i vilka man använde sig av en fjärrstyrd galtvagn, var man mycket nöjd med funktionen. 9 Till semineringsbåsens fördel kan också läggas att de är flexibla i sin användning. Suggor, som seminören tycker är svåra att brunstkontrollera i båsen, kan ju tas ut genom frontgrindarna och drivas till galten för eventuell seminering. Det finns dock en mängd olika modeller av semineringsbås att välja mellan. En god rekommendation för producenter, som ska göra investeringar i semineringbås, är därför att göra noggranna jämförelser före valet. Detaljer som bakgrindens utformning, båsmellanväggarnas konstruktion, funktion hos öppnings- och stängningsanordningarna, båsbredd m m är betydelsefulla detaljer som den enskilde producenten måste utvärdera i förhållande till det egna behovet
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| 34. |
- Olsson, Anne-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Semineringsrutiner i smågrisbesättningar för ökad effektivitet, produktivitet och attraktionskraft som arbetsplats : en fältstudie
- 2012
-
Ingår i: LTJ-fakultetens faktablad.
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Grisbesättningarna i Sverige blir allt större. Idag är smågrisbesättningar med 500 – 1000 suggor inte ovanliga. Stora besättningar har oftast en eller två veckors omgångssystem och suggrupper på 40-80 suggor per grupp. Det betyder att 40-80 suggor ska semineras varje eller varannan vecka. Ofta utför en eller ett fåtal personer allt semineringsarbete i de allt större smågrisbesättningarna och belastningen på kroppen och risken för skador blir stor. En bra arbetsmiljö vid semineringsarbetet blir därför allt viktigare. Samtidigt kräver produktionsekonomin att effektiviteten ökas. I detta Fakta-blad sammanfattas jämförande studier av två olika rutiner vid seminering av suggor.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Olsson, Anne-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Use of different rooting materials to improve hygiene and to lower ammonia emission within the outdoor concrete area in organic growing finishing pig production
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 191, s. 64-71
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In organic pig production, pigs are often provided with concrete areas outdoors. These outdoor areas are frequently used for urination and defecation by the pigs, which results in high nitrogen emissions. This is inconsistent with the goal of organic farming to minimise the environmental impact of agricultural production. Introduction of a well-designed rooting yard with an optimal rooting material could possibly be a way to improve the conditions in the outdoor area. In an earlier study, we tested different designs of rooting yards. In the present study, we compared outdoor areas without enrichment (Reference, R) with outdoor areas with rooting yards filled with one of three different kinds of rooting material: wood shavings (W), peat (P) or peat + a small amount of pelleted feed (PF).In total, three batches (batch 1: Dec-April (winter/spring); batch 2: May-Sept (summer); batch 3: Oct Jan (autumn/winter), in a research facility with eight pens of 16 pigs each, were studied. Data on performance and activity, hygiene and ammonia emission in the outdoor area were used for the evaluation.No significant differences in performance were seen between treatments. The pigs found the rooting yards with rooting material outdoors attractive and pigs with rooting material outdoors tended to be outdoors more often than pigs in the reference pen. However, these differences were generally not significant, due to large variations. Hygiene outdoors was significantly better in the pens with rooting yards and rooting material than in the reference pen, but there were no significant differences depending on whether the rooting yards were filled with wood shavings, peat or peat with feed pellets. However, while the visual hygiene evaluations showed positive results for all rooting materials tested, the ammonia measurements did not show matching results. Instead, the ammonia emission from the outdoor area was higher in pens with wood shavings in the rooting yards than in the reference pen. Thus introduction of a rooting yard with rooting material in the outdoor area in organic pig production can have positive results in terms of improved hygiene and reduced ammonia emission if the rooting material consists of peat. Addition of small amounts of feed pellets in the peat, to make the rooting material more attractive to the pigs, did not give any great positive effect. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 38. |
- Pierzynowski, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
Behavioral changes in response to feeding pancreatic-like enzymes to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency pigs.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1525-3163 .- 0021-8812. ; 90:Suppl 4, s. 439-441
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Behavioral changes during pancreatic enzyme therapy have never been studied. The present study investigated behavioral changes in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) pigs when their feed was supplemented with pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin. A crossover design study was used to test the effect of enzyme supplementation in 2 × 4 EPI pigs that underwent pancreatic duct ligation (PDL). After 40 d of adaptation, the study commenced, comprising 2 control and 2 enzyme feeding periods of 10 d each in sequence. On days 7 and 10 of each experimental period, behavior was monitored for 24 h and feed consumption and BW were recorded. Behavioral observations focused on the pigs' activity- lying down or passive, or sitting, or standing or active-and were expressed as percentage activity for 24 h. During the adaptation period, BW gain was completely inhibited after PDL whereas for the entire study period, the body weight increased from 10.5 ± 1.1 to 14.0 ± 1.4 kg (P < 0.01). Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency pigs were more active when fed the enzymes (21 vs. 18% per 24 h; P < 0.01). Microbial enzyme supplementation not only improved the growth of the EPI pigs but it also increased their activity. This behavior change contradicts the generally accepted norm that satiety evokes by digestion and subsequent nutrients absorption reduces human or animal motility.
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| 39. |
- Pierzynowski, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
Exogenous pancreatic-like enzymes are recovered in the gut and improve growth of exocrine pancreatic insufficient pigs
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1525-3163 .- 0021-8812. ; 90, s. 324-326
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The exocrine pancreatic insufficient (EPI) pigs grow less due to different disturbances in feed digestion, absorption, and retention. Use of pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin in pigs may improve feed use and performance in slow-growing pigs. The aim was to study gut recovery and effectiveness of pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin supplementation on pig performance. Six male pigs 10 to 12 kg BW underwent pancreatic duct ligation surgery to induce total exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). Three cannulas to access the gastrointestinal tract content were installed in stomach, duodenum, and ileum in EPI pigs and in 3 control (healthy) pigs. One month after surgery, enzymes were given before feeding and digesta samples were collected for analyses. The BW of EPI pigs did not increase during 1 mo following surgery (11.7 vs. 11.6 kg BW); however, BW increased after 1 wk of enzyme supplementation (12.1 kg BW). Coefficient of fat and N absorption increased (P < 0.05) in EPI pigs after enzyme supplementation. Activity of amylase, lipase, and protease in chyme samples of EPI pigs was very low compared to controls. In EPI pigs after enzyme supplementation, amylase activity increased from 5.32 to 72.9 units/mL but remained lower than that of healthy pigs (162.7 units/mL). Lipase activity increased from 79.1 to 421.6 units/mL, which was similar to that of controls (507.3 units/mL). Proteolytic activity increased from 7.8 to 69.7 units/mL but still did not reach control pigs (164.3 units/mL). In conclusion, exogenous microbial enzymes mimic endogenous pancreatic enzymes being recovered along the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. These enzymes might be a useful tool to stimulate growth of slower-growing pigs after the weaning period.
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| 40. |
- Prykhodko, O., et al.
(författare)
-
Early treatment with pancreatic-like microbial-derived enzymes during the preweaning period promotes growth in growing–finishing pigs
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0021-8812 .- 1525-3163. ; 94:7, s. 150-152
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment with pancreatic or pancreatic-like microbial enzymes during the suckling period has positive effects on the gut, resulting in a better fat absorption and improved barrier function in pigs. The present study investigated the effects of pancreaticlike enzyme treatment during the pre- or postweaning period on pig growth and nitrogen utilization. Suckling 7- to 14-d-old pigs were gavage fed with a microbial-derived enzyme preparation (amylase, protease, and lipase) in a split-litter mode (13 litters) once (n = 29), twice (n = 35), or untreated (controls; n = 66). All pigs were then raised under the same standard production conditions and received the same diets, and their BW and feed intake were monitored until slaughter. Another set of 35-d-old pigs, on the day of weaning, were placed in metabolic cages and fed a diet with or without enzyme supplementation for 2 wk (n = 4/group). Feed consumption was measured daily, and at the end of each week, BW was recorded and urine and feces were collected during 72 h for nitrogen analysis. Dietary enzyme supplementation after weaning in selected doses had no major effect on feed consumption, nitrogen retention, or growth compared with the control. In contrast, enzyme treatment during the suckling period gave improved growth, with increased BW at 6 mo of age, 105 ± 16 vs. 97 ± 15 kg for the controls (P < 0.05), and those pigs reached slaughter weight earlier than untreated controls. In addition, the feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased, thus lowering nitrogen excretion per kilogram BW gain in the enzymetreated group compared with the untreated controls (3.0 vs. 2.7, respectively). We conclude that enzyme supplementation during the suckling period was beneficial for both pig performance and environment protection, probably due to an induced improved maturation of the gut having a long-term impact on feed utilization and growth after weaning.
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| 41. |
- Rantzer, Dan, et al.
(författare)
-
Mjuka golv i grisningsboxar
- 2010
-
Ingår i: LTJ-fakultetens faktablad.
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Rengman, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
-
An elemental diet fed, enteral or parenteral, does not support growth in young pigs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1983 .- 0261-5614. ; 28, s. 325-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: & aims: Young individuals with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) show growth reduction that can be reversed by dietary pancreatic enzyme supplementation. Here we investigated whether feeding an elemental diet could replace the growth-promoting effect of enzyme supplementation in EPI pigs. METHODS: Weaned pigs with intact pancreas (control) or pancreatic duct-ligated (EPI pigs) were given a commercial pig feed, a fat-enriched diet, or an elemental diet, intragastrically and intravenously, with or without porcine pancreatin (Creon((R))) supplementation for 1week. RESULTS: Control pigs, irrespective of receiving pig feed or an elemental diet, increased their body weight by 13.4-20.1%, while EPI pigs showed negligible weight gain. Giving a fat-enriched diet did not improve growth of the EPI pigs. However, if the EPI pigs were supplemented with pancreatin in combination with fat-enriched feed or the elemental diet, i.v., their body weight increased by 16.6 %and 8.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Control pigs maintained normal growth, independently of the diet being given in polymeric or elemental form, while EPI pigs showed impaired growth when receiving the same diets without enzyme supplementation. Pancreatic juice and enzyme preparations, in addition to their digestive properties, also appear to affect nutrient assimilation and anabolism in young individuals.
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| 45. |
- Rengman, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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The growth of exocrine pancreatic insufficient young pigs fed an elemental diet is dependent on enteral pancreatin supplementation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 134:1-3, s. 50-52
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Young exocrine pancreas insufficient (EPI) pigs given a commercial feed (polymeric diet) show growth retardation that can be reversed by dietary supplementation with pancreatic enzymes. Our aim was to investigate if providing an elemental diet, mimicking a pre-digested diet, can support body growth in EPI-pigs. Thus, EPI-pigs, pancreatic duct-ligated at 12.2 +/- 2.6 weeks of age (15.3 +/- 4.8 kg), were fed for 6 days either a commercial polymeric pig feed or infused i.v. with an elemental diet, with or without oral supplementation with a porcine enzyme preparation (Creon (R)). The body weight (BW) gain was then compared at day 7. Control pigs (with intact pancreata) showed a 14.0 +/- 1.3% increase in BW independent of the diet, while EPI-pigs given the same diets either lost (polymeric diet) or slightly increased (elemental diet) their BW. In contrast, EPI-pigs fed the polymeric feed with Creon supplementation showed a normalised growth and EPI-pigs given the elemental diet with Creon supplementation gained 8.5 +/- 0.7% in BW. In conclusion, control pigs maintained a normal growth, independently of the diet being given in polymeric or elemental form, while EPI-pigs showed an impaired growth when receiving the same diets without oral enzyme supplementation. This suggests that pancreatic juice or enzyme preparations, in addition to their digestive properties, stimulate nutrient assimilation and anabolic processes in young fast-growing pigs. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- van den Borne, Jost, et al.
(författare)
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Exocrine pancreatic secretion in pigs fed sow's milk and milk replacer, and its relationship to growth performance
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1525-3163 .- 0021-8812. ; 85:2, s. 404-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the effects of sow’s milk and 2 milk replacer diets (containing clotting or nonclotting protein sources) on exocrine pancreatic secretion, plasma cholecystokinin, and immunoreactive cationic trypsin in pigs. In addition, the relationship between exocrine pancreatic secretion and growth in milk-fed pigs was studied. In a changeover experiment, 9 chronically catheterized pigs of 6.6 ± 0.19 kg of BW were studied for 3 wk. Pigs were assigned to each of 3 diets. Exocrine pancreatic secretion was measured from the third to the seventh day on each diet. The protein content and trypsin activity of the pancreatic juice were measured. Blood samples were taken at 10 min before and after milk ingestion and were analyzed for cholecystokinin and immunoreactive cationic trypsin. Pancreatic protein and trypsin secretion did not differ between pigs fed sow’s milk and those fed milk replacer, but the volume secreted was less for the pigs fed sow’s milk (0.75 vs. 1.03 mL·kg–1·h–1; P < 0.01). A postprandial response to milk intake was not observed. The 2 milk replacer diets did not affect exocrine pancreatic secretion differently. The average exocrine pancreatic secretion (volume, 0.94 mL·kg–1·h–1; protein, 4.28 mg·kg–1·h–1; trypsin, 1.65 U·kg–1·h–1) was intermediate between literature values for suckling and weaned pigs. Plasma cholecystokinin was elevated (18 pmol·L–1) and showed low correlations with the pancreatic secretion traits. Plasma immunoreactive cationic trypsin was not significantly related to any of the pancreatic secretion traits and should therefore not be used as an indicator for exocrine pancreatic function in milk-fed pigs. Exocrine pancreatic secretion varied substantially among individual pigs (protein, 0.22 to 13.98 mg·kg–1·h–1). Pancreatic protein and trypsin secretion showed a positive, nonlinear relationship with performance traits. It was concluded that neither specific sow’s milk ingredients nor the protein source are responsible for a low pancreatic protein secretion in suckling pigs. Exocrine pancreatic secretion was positively correlated with ADG in pigs at an identical milk intake.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Wattsgård, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Ledarskap och management i storskalig grisproduktion
- 2012
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Ingår i: LTJ-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Detta arbete, som utgör en studie av hur ledarskap och management utövas i tre större (>500- 1000 suggor) framgångsrika smågrisproducerande besättningar, har utförts som ett examensarbete inom lantmästarprogrammet. Fokus i arbetet ligger på ledarskapet; hur de tre intervjuade driftsledarna bedriver företagande med ett bra resultat och hur ledarna klarar att anpassa ledarskapet till medarbetarnas erfarenheter och personligheter så att medarbetarna ”växer” i sitt arbete.
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