| 1. |
- Bourlat, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
-
Deuterostome phylogeny reveals monophyletic chordates and the new phylum Xenoturbellida
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Nature. ; 444:7115, s. 85-88
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deuterostomes comprise vertebrates, the related invertebrate chordates (tunicates and cephalochordates) and three other inver- tebrate taxa: hemichordates, echinoderms and Xenoturbella1. The relationships between invertebrate and vertebrate deuterostomes are clearly important for understanding our own distant origins. Recent phylogenetic studies of chordate classes and a sea urchin have indicated that urochordates might be the closest inverte- brate sister group of vertebrates, rather than cephalochordates, as traditionally believed2–5. More remarkable is the suggestion that cephalochordates are closer to echinoderms than to vertebrates and urochordates, meaning that chordates are paraphyletic2. To study the relationships among all deuterostome groups, we have assembled an alignment of more than 35,000 homologous amino acids, including new data from a hemichordate, starfish and Xenoturbella. We have also sequenced the mitochondrial genome of Xenoturbella. We support the clades Olfactores (urochordates and vertebrates) and Ambulacraria (hemichordates and echino- derms6). Analyses using our new data, however, do not support a cephalochordate and echinoderm grouping and we conclude that chordates are monophyletic. Finally, nuclear and mitochondrial data place Xenoturbella as the sister group of the two ambulacrar- ian phyla1. As such, Xenoturbella is shown to be an independent phylum, Xenoturbellida, bringing the number of living deutero- stome phyla to four.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bourlat, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
-
Feeding ecology of Xenoturbella bocki (phylum Xenoturbellida) revealed by genetic barcoding
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Molecular Ecology Resources. - 1755-098X. ; 8, s. 18-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The benthic marine worm Xenoturbella is frequently contaminated with molluscan DNA, which had earlier caused confusion resulting in a suggested bivalve relationship. In order to find the source of the contaminant, we have used molluscan sequences derived from Xenoturbella and compared them to barcodes obtained from several individuals of the nonmicroscopic molluscs sharing the same environment as Xenoturbella. Using cytochrome oxidase 1, we found the contaminating sequences to be 98% similar to the bivalve Ennucula tenuis. Using the highly variable D1-D2 region of the large ribosomal subunit in Xenoturbella, we found three distinct species of contaminating molluscs, one of which is 99% similar to the bivalve Abra nitida, one of the most abundant bivalves in the Gullmarsfjord where Xenoturbella was found, and another 99% similar to the bivalve Nucula sulcata. These data clearly show that Xenoturbella only contains molluscan DNA originating from bivalves living in the same environment, refuting former hypotheses of a bivalve relationship. In addition, these data suggest that Xenoturbella feeds specifically on bivalve prey from multiple species, possibly in the form of eggs and larvae.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bourlat, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
-
Genomics in marine monitoring: new opportunities for assessing marine health status.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Marine pollution bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-3363 .- 0025-326X. ; 74:1, s. 19-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This viewpoint paper explores the potential of genomics technology to provide accurate, rapid, and cost efficient observations of the marine environment. The use of such approaches in next generation marine monitoring programs will help achieve the goals of marine legislation implemented world-wide. Genomic methods can yield faster results from monitoring, easier and more reliable taxonomic identification, as well as quicker and better assessment of the environmental status of marine waters. A summary of genomic methods that are ready or show high potential for integration into existing monitoring programs is provided (e.g. qPCR, SNP based methods, DNA barcoding, microarrays, metagenetics, metagenomics, transcriptomics). These approaches are mapped to existing indicators and descriptors and a series of case studies is presented to assess the cost and added value of these molecular techniques in comparison with traditional monitoring systems. Finally, guidelines and recommendations are suggested for how such methods can enter marine monitoring programs in a standardized manner.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bourlat, Sarah J., et al.
(författare)
-
A red listing gap analysis of molluscs and crustaceans in Northern Europe : What has happened in the last 10 years?
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 286
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the current rates of species extinction on a global level, Red List assessments need to speed up to inform conservation management in a timely manner. This study analyzed the progress made over the last 10 years in red listing aquatic invertebrates in Northern Europe. A survey of 43 freshwater molluscs and 1492 marine crustaceans was carried out for their Red List status in twelve countries during a twenty year interval (2003−2022). Our survey demonstrated that many countries have no national Red List or outdated Red Lists for the freshwater molluscs and only four countries have assessed their existing crustacean species. Alarmingly, we find 13 % fewer occurrence records for the crustaceans and 48 % fewer records for the freshwater molluscs in GBIF in the last 10 years (2013−2022) than in the 10 years previously (2003−2012). A barcode gap analysis reveals more barcodes for the 16S gene (77 %) than for the COI gene (63 %) for the freshwater molluscs and even fewer barcodes for the marine crustaceans (17 % for 16S and 40 % for the COI gene). With the current methods, regular comprehensive red listing of aquatic invertebrates is unrealistic. Here we present a set of scripts that allow automated occurrence and barcode gap analyses on unrepresented species groups. Finally, we discuss ways to increase the number of occurrence records and speed up red listing under existing European frameworks through whole community screening of ecosystems using molecular and other emerging tools.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bourlat, Sarah
(författare)
-
Marine Genomics: Methods and Protocols
- 2016
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This volume presents the latest protocols for both laboratory and bioinformatics based analyses in the field of marine genomics. The chapters presented in the book cover a wide range of topics, including the sampling and genomics of bacterial communities, DNA extraction in marine organisms, high-throughput sequencing of whole mitochondrial genomes, phylogenomics, SNP discovery, SNP-arrays for species identification, digital PCR-based quantification methods, environment DNA for invasive species surveillance and monitoring, microarrays for the detection of waterborne pathogens, DNA barcoding of marine biodiversity, metabarcoding protocols for marine eukaryotes, analytical protocols for the visualization of eukaryotic diversity, and applications for genomic data to benthic indices for environmental monitoring. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introduction to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Marine Genomics: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for researchers, students, and policy makers in the field of marine biology.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bourlat, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
-
Preparation of Amplicon Libraries for Metabarcoding of Marine Eukaryotes Using Illumina MiSeq: The Dual-PCR Method
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Marine Genomics: Methods and Protocols. - New York : Springer. - 9781493937721 ; , s. 197-207
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This protocol details the preparation of multiplexed amplicon libraries for metabarcoding (amplicon-based) studies of microscopic marine eukaryotes. Metabarcoding studies, based on the amplification of a taxonomically informative marker from a collection of organisms or an environmental sample, can be performed to analyze biodiversity patterns or predator–prey interactions. For Metazoa, we use the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) or the small ribosomal subunit (SSU) markers. Here, we describe a strategy for the preparation of multiplexed Illumina MiSeq libraries using a dual-PCR approach for the addition of index and adaptor sequences.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bourlat, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
-
Taxonomy assignment of metazoans using a python based pipeline
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Source forge.
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this project is to create an automated pipeline for taxonomic assignment of DNA sequences obtained from environmental samples. We develop a series of python scripts to process the raw sequence data obtained from benthic environmental samples and to taxonomical assignment of these sequences and finally to integrate all data in a relational database.
|
|
| 8. |
- Bourlat, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
-
Wrasse fishery on the Swedish West Coast: towards ecosystem-based management
- 2021
-
Ingår i: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; :fsaa249
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fishing and translocation of marine species for use in aquaculture is widespread. Corkwing, goldsinny, and ballan wrasse (Symphodus melops, Ctenolabrus rupestris, and Labrus bergylta) are fished on the Swedish west coast for use as cleaner-fish in Norwegian salmon farms. Here, we aim to provide knowledge and recommendations to support ecosystem-based management for wrasse fisheries in Sweden. We compared fished and non-fished areas to test if current fishery levels have led to stock depletion. To gain insight on the role of wrasse in the algal belt trophic chain, we analysed the gut contents of goldsinny and corkwing using metabarcoding. Finally, we analysed the trophic interactions of wrasse and potential prey in a mesocosm study. We could not detect any signs of stock depletion or altered size structure in fished areas compared to the protected control area. Gut analyses confirmed both goldsinny and corkwing as non-specialized, omnivorous opportunists and revealed, with 189 prey taxa detected, a broader spectrum of prey than previously known. Common prey items included mesoherbivores such as small gastropods and crustaceans, but also insects and algae. We conclude that there are no visible signs of stock depletion at the current removal level of wrasses by the fishery. However, this emerging fishery should be closely monitored for potential cascading effects on the algal belt ecosystem, and our study could provide a baseline for future monitoring.
|
|
| 9. |
- Davies, N., et al.
(författare)
-
Report of the 14th Genomic Standards Consortium Meeting, Oxford, UK, September 17-21, 2012
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Standards in Genomic Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1944-3277. ; 9:3, s. 1236-1250
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report summarizes the proceedings of the 14th workshop of the Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC) held at the University of Oxford in September 2012. The primary goal of the workshop was to work towards the launch of the Genomic Observatories (GOs) Network under the GSC. For the first time, it brought together potential GOs sites, GSC members, and a range of interested partner organizations. It thus represented the first meeting of the GOs Network (GOs1). Key outcomes include the formation of a core group of “champions” ready to take the GOs Network forward, as well as the formation of working groups. The workshop also served as the first meeting of a wide range of participants in the Ocean Sampling Day (OSD) initiative, a first GOs action. Three projects with complementary interests – COST Action ES1103, MG4U and Micro B3 – organized joint sessions at the workshop. A two-day GSC Hackathon followed the main three days of meetings.
|
|
| 10. |
- Eriksson, Britas Klemens, et al.
(författare)
-
Habitat segregation of plate phenotypes in a rapidly expanding population of three-spined stickleback
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Ecosphere. - : Wiley. - 2150-8925 .- 2150-8925. ; 12:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Declines of large predatory fish due to overexploitation are restructuring food webs across the globe. It is now becoming evident that restoring these altered food webs requires addressing not only ecological processes, but evolutionary ones as well, because human-induced rapid evolution may in turn affect ecological dynamics. We studied the potential for niche differentiation between different plate armor phenotypes in a rapidly expanding population of a small prey fish, the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). In the central Baltic Sea, three-spined stickleback abundance has increased dramatically during the past decades. The increase in this typical mesopredator has restructured near-shore food webs, increased filamentous algal blooms, and threatens coastal biodiversity. Time-series data covering 22 years show that the increase coincides with a decline in the number of juvenile perch (Perca fluviatilis), the most abundant predator of stickleback along the coast. We investigated the distribution of different stickleback plate armor phenotypes depending on latitude, environmental conditions, predator and prey abundances, nutrients, and benthic production; and described the stomach content of the stickleback phenotypes using metabarcoding. We found two distinct lateral armor plate phenotypes of stickleback, incompletely and completely plated. The proportion of incompletely plated individuals increased with increasing benthic production and decreasing abundances of adult perch. Metabarcoding showed that the stomach content of the completely plated individuals more often contained invertebrate herbivores (amphipods) than the incompletely plated ones. Since armor plates are defense structures favored by natural selection in the presence of fish predators, the phenotype distribution suggests that a novel low-predation regime favors stickleback with less armor. Our results suggest that morphological differentiation of the three-spined stickleback has the potential to affect food web dynamics and influence the persistence and resilience of the stickleback take-over in the Baltic Sea.
|
|
| 11. |
- Haenel, Quiterie, et al.
(författare)
-
NGS-based biodiversity and community structure analysis of meiofaunal eukaryotes in shell sand from Hållö island, Smögen, and soft mud from Gullmarn Fjord, Sweden
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Biodiversity Data Journal. - : Oleksandr Holovachov. - 1314-2828 .- 1314-2836. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © Haenel Q et al. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the biodiversity and community structure of Swedish meiofaunal eukaryotes using metabarcoding. To validate the reliability of the metabarcoding approach, we compare the taxonomic resolution obtained using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) 'mini-barcode' and nuclear 18S small ribosomal subunit (18S) V1-V2 region, with traditional morphology-based identification of Xenacoelomorpha and Nematoda. Location: 30 samples were analysed from two ecologically distinct locations along the west coast of Sweden. 18 replicate samples of coarse shell sand were collected along the northeastern side of Hållö island near Smögen, while 12 replicate samples of soft mud were collected in the Gullmarn Fjord near Lysekil.
|
|
| 12. |
- Hardisty, Alex R., et al.
(författare)
-
BioVeL: A virtual laboratory for data analysis and modelling in biodiversity science and ecology
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMC Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6785. ; 16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2016 The Author(s).Background: Making forecasts about biodiversity and giving support to policy relies increasingly on large collections of data held electronically, and on substantial computational capability and capacity to analyse, model, simulate and predict using such data. However, the physically distributed nature of data resources and of expertise in advanced analytical tools creates many challenges for the modern scientist. Across the wider biological sciences, presenting such capabilities on the Internet (as "Web services") and using scientific workflow systems to compose them for particular tasks is a practical way to carry out robust "in silico" science. However, use of this approach in biodiversity science and ecology has thus far been quite limited. Results: BioVeL is a virtual laboratory for data analysis and modelling in biodiversity science and ecology, freely accessible via the Internet. BioVeL includes functions for accessing and analysing data through curated Web services; for performing complex in silico analysis through exposure of R programs, workflows, and batch processing functions; for on-line collaboration through sharing of workflows and workflow runs; for experiment documentation through reproducibility and repeatability; and for computational support via seamless connections to supporting computing infrastructures. We developed and improved more than 60 Web services with significant potential in many different kinds of data analysis and modelling tasks. We composed reusable workflows using these Web services, also incorporating R programs. Deploying these tools into an easy-to-use and accessible 'virtual laboratory', free via the Internet, we applied the workflows in several diverse case studies. We opened the virtual laboratory for public use and through a programme of external engagement we actively encouraged scientists and third party application and tool developers to try out the services and contribute to the activity. Conclusions: Our work shows we can deliver an operational, scalable and flexible Internet-based virtual laboratory to meet new demands for data processing and analysis in biodiversity science and ecology. In particular, we have successfully integrated existing and popular tools and practices from different scientific disciplines to be used in biodiversity and ecological research.
|
|
| 13. |
- Holovachov, Oleksandr, et al.
(författare)
-
Taxonomy assignment approach determines the efficiency of identification of OTUs in marine nematodes
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Royal Society Open Science. - : The Royal Society. - 2054-5703. ; 4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 The Authors. Precision and reliability of barcode-based biodiversity assessment can be affected at several steps during acquisition and analysis of data. Identification of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) is one of the crucial steps in the process and can be accomplished using several different approaches, namely, alignment-based, probabilistic, tree-based and phylogenybased. The number of identified sequences in the reference databases affects the precision of identification. This paper compares the identification of marine nematode OTUs using alignment-based, tree-based and phylogeny-based approaches. Because the nematode reference dataset is limited in its taxonomic scope, OTUs can only be assigned to higher taxonomic categories, families. The phylogeny-based approach using the evolutionary placement algorithm provided the largest number of positively assigned OTUs and was least affected by erroneous sequences and limitations of reference data, compared to alignment-based and tree-based approaches.
|
|
| 14. |
- Holovachov, Oleksandr
(författare)
-
The choice of taxonomy assignment approach has strong impact on the efficiency of identification of OTUs in marine nematodes
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Royal Society Open Science. - : The Royal Society. - 2054-5703. ; 4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision and reliability of barcode-based biodiversity assessment can be affected at several steps during acquisition and analysis of data. Identification of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) is one of the crucial steps in the process and can be accomplished using several different approaches, namely, alignment-based, probabilistic, tree-based and phylogeny-based. The number of identified sequences in the reference databases affects the precision of identification. This paper compares the identification of marine nematode OTUs using alignment-based, tree-based and phylogeny-based approaches. Because the nematode reference dataset is limited in its taxonomic scope, OTUs can only be assigned to higher taxonomic categories, families. The phylogeny-based approach using the evolutionary placement algorithm provided the largest number of positively assigned OTUs and was least affected by erroneous sequences and limitations of reference data, compared to alignment-based and tree-based approaches.
|
|
| 15. |
- Jakubavičiūtė, Eglė, et al.
(författare)
-
DNA metabarcoding reveals diverse diet of the three-spined stickleback in a coastal ecosystem.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L., hereafter 'stickleback') is a common mesopredatory fish in marine, coastal and freshwater areas. In large parts of the Baltic Sea, stickleback densities have increased >10-fold during the last decades, and it is now one of the dominating fish species both in terms of biomass and effects on lower trophic levels. Still, relatively little is known about its diet-knowledge which is essential to understand the increasing role sticklebacks play in the ecosystem. Fish diet analyses typically rely on visual identification of stomach contents, a labour-intensive method that is made difficult by prey digestion and requires expert taxonomic knowledge. However, advances in DNA-based metabarcoding methods promise a simultaneous identification of most prey items, even from semi-digested tissue. Here, we studied the diet of stickleback from the western Baltic Sea coast using both DNA metabarcoding and visual analysis of stomach contents. Using the cytochrome oxidase (CO1) marker we identified 120 prey taxa in the diet, belonging to 15 phyla, 83 genera and 84 species. Compared to previous studies, this is an unusually high prey diversity. Chironomids, cladocerans and harpacticoids were dominating prey items. Large sticklebacks were found to feed more on benthic prey, such as amphipods, gastropods and isopods. DNA metabarcoding gave much higher taxonomic resolution (median rank genus) than visual analysis (median rank order), and many taxa identified using barcoding could not have been identified visually. However, a few taxa identified by visual inspection were not revealed by barcoding. In summary, our results suggest that the three-spined stickleback feeds on a wide variety of both pelagic and benthic organisms, indicating that the strong increase in stickleback populations may affect many parts of the Baltic Sea coastal ecosystem.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Leidenberger, Sonja, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluating the potential of ecological niche modelling as a component in marine non-indigenous species risk assessments
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 97:1-2, s. 470-487
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine biological invasions have increased with the development of global trading, causing the homogenization of communities and the decline of biodiversity. A main vector is ballast water exchange from shipping. This study evaluates the use of ecological niche modelling (ENM) to predict the spread of 18 non-indigenous species (NIS) along shipping routes and their potential habitat suitability (hot/cold spots) in the Baltic Sea and Northeast Atlantic. Results show that, contrary to current risk assessment methods, temperature and sea ice concentration determine habitat suitability for 61% of species, rather than salinity (11%). We show high habitat suitability for NIS in the Skagerrak and Kattegat, a transitional area for NIS entering or leaving the Baltic Sea. As many cases of NIS introduction in the marine environment are associated with shipping pathways, we explore how ENM can be used to provide valuable information on the potential spread of NIS for ballast water risk assessment.
|
|
| 18. |
- Leidenberger, Sonja, et al.
(författare)
-
Mapping present and future potential distribution patterns for a meso-grazer guild in the Baltic Sea
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 0305-0270 .- 1365-2699. ; 42:2, s. 241-254
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim The Baltic Sea is one of the world’s largest semi-enclosed brackish water bodies characterized by many special features, including endemic species that may be particularly threatened by climate change. We mapped potential distribution patterns under present and future conditions for a community with three trophic levels. We analysed climate-induced changes in the species’ distribution patterns and examined possible consequences for the chosen food web. Location Baltic Sea and northern Europe. Methods We developed two open-source workflow-based analytical tools: one for ecological niche modelling and another for raster layer comparison to compute the extent and intensity of change in species’ potential distributions. Individual ecological niche models were generated under present conditions and then projected into a future climate change scenario (2050) for a food web consisting of a guild of meso-grazers (Idotea spp.), their host algae (Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus radicans) and their fish predator (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We used occurrence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), literature and museum collections, together with five environmental layers at a resolution of 5 and 30 arc-minutes. Results Habitat suitability for Idotea balthica and Idotea chelipes in the Baltic Sea seems to be mostly determined by temperature and ice cover rather than by salinity. 2050 predictions for all modelled species show a northern/northeastern shift in the Baltic Sea. The distribution ranges for Idotea granulosa and G. aculeatus are predicted to become patchier in the Baltic than in the rest of northern Europe, where the species will gain more suitable habitats. Main conclusions For the Baltic Sea, climate-induced changes resulted in a gain of suitable habitats for F. vesiculosus, I. chelipes and I. balthica, whereas lower habitat suitability was predicted for I. granulosa, F. radicans and G. aculeatus. The predicted north-eastern shift of I. balthica and I. chelipes into the distribution area of F. radicans in the Baltic Sea may result in increased grazing pressure. Such additional threats to isolated Baltic populations can lead to a higher extinction risk for the species, especially as climate changes are likely to be very rapid.
|
|
| 19. |
- Leidenberger, Sonja, et al.
(författare)
-
Why are so many Northern European aquatic invertebrates missing in red-listing and how can we improve assessments for those?
- 2021
-
Ingår i: 1st DNAQUA International Conference 2021. - : Pensoft Publishers.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The biodiversity crisis is advancing rapidly. One tool to measure extinction risk is the Red List of Threatened Species which follows the IUCN evaluation criteria (International Union for Conservation of Nature). Many aquatic invertebrates in Northern Europe are completely missing a red listing process and are evaluated as Data Deficient (DD) or Not Evaluated (NE). In our project, we focus on marine crustaceans and freshwater molluscs (Bivalvia). A systematic survey of more than 440 crustacean and 44 molluscan species in 12 Northern European countries shows that while many freshwater bivalve molluscs and marine crustaceans have existing molecular barcodes as well as digital occurrence records in databases (e.g. in GBIF, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility), there exists no evaluation process or regular monitoring for those species and their population status. With such a high level of non-evaluation of species status, species action plans (for single species or multi-taxon approaches) are far away from reality.In general, traditional monitoring methods based on observational surveys are known to be inefficient, costly and time consuming. e-DNA allows us to detect species with a high level of sensitivity as long as those assays are well validated. Molecular occurrence records can be used to detect rare species and to collect population information. In our Swedish project, we are metabarcoding sediment and plankton samples using metazoan and taxon-specific primers to detect threatened aquatic species. During 2019 and 2020, we collected samples at 15 localities in two marine protected areas for marine crustaceans and at 15 different localities for freshwater molluscs at the Swedish west coast. At each location plankton, sediment and traditional aquatic monitoring samples were taken. The idea is to compare how the methods perform in finding rare species, which could improve the data for those groups so they can be evaluated in the next round of red listing (2025) in Sweden. During the entire project, there is an on-going dialogue with stakeholders and experts from the Swedish Species Information Centre, responsible for the red listing process in the country.
|
|
| 20. |
- Leray, Matthieu, et al.
(författare)
-
Preparation of Amplicon Libraries for Metabarcoding of Marine Eukaryotes Using Illumina MiSeq: The Adapter Ligation Method
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Marine Genomics: Methods and Protocols. - New York : Springer. - 9781493937721 ; , s. 209-218
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Amplicon-based studies of marine microscopic eukaryotes, also referred to as metabarcoding studies, can be performed to analyze patterns of biodiversity or predator–prey interactions targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) or the small ribosomal subunit (SSU) markers. Because high-throughput sequencing (HTS) Illumina platforms provide millions of reads per run, hundreds of samples may be sequenced simultaneously. This protocol details the preparation of multiplexed amplicon libraries for Illumina MiSeq sequencing. We describe a strategy for sample multiplexing using a combination of tailed PCR primers and ligation of indexed adapters.
|
|
| 21. |
- Mathew, C, et al.
(författare)
-
Data Refinement Workflow
- 2012
-
Ingår i: http://www.myexperiment.org/packs/267.html.
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Taxonomic Data Refinement Workflow provides an environment for preparing observational and specimen data sets for use in scientific analyses such as: species distribution analysis,species richness and diversity studies, species occurrence studiesh, historical analysis, and other spatio-temporal analyses. This pack contains: - The Taxonomic Data Refinement (Integrated) Workflow (.t2flow file) - Its (version) dependent libraries - Relevant documentation, including diagrammatic representation of the workflow - Example data files , including input and output data. For more information on BioVeL's Data Refinement Workflow, please click here" with a link to http://www.biovel.eu/index.php/workflows/data-refinement-wf This workflow has been created by the Biodiversity Virtual e-Laboratory (BioVeL : http://www.biovel.eu/) project. BioVeL is funded by the EU’s Seventh Framework Program, grant no. 283359
|
|
| 22. |
- Nakano, Hiroaki, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Developmental Studies of Xenoturbella
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Morphology. - 0362-2525. ; 269, s. 1477-1478
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Panova, M, et al.
(författare)
-
DNA Extraction Protocols for Whole-Genome Sequencing in Marine Organisms
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Marine Genomics - Methods and Protocols. - New York, NY : Springer New York. - 1064-3745. - 9781493937721 - 9781493937745 ; 1452, s. 13-44
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The marine environment harbors a large proportion of the total biodiversity on this planet, including the majority of the earths’ different phyla and classes. Studying the genomes of marine organisms can bring interesting insights into genome evolution. Today, almost all marine organismal groups are understudied with respect to their genomes. One potential reason is that extraction of high-quality DNA in sufficient amounts is challenging for many marine species. This is due to high polysaccharide content, polyphenols and other secondary metabolites that will inhibit downstream DNA library preparations. Consequently, protocols developed for vertebrates and plants do not always perform well for invertebrates and algae. In addition, many marine species have large population sizes and, as a consequence, highly variable genomes. Thus, to facilitate the sequence read assembly process during genome sequencing, it is desirable to obtain enough DNA from a single individual, which is a challenge in many species of invertebrates and algae. Here, we present DNA extraction protocols for seven marine species (four invertebrates, two algae, and a marine yeast), optimized to provide sufficient DNA quality and yield for de novo genome sequencing projects.
|
|
| 27. |
- Retter, Alice, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring the taxonomic composition of two fungal communities on the Swedish west coast through metabarcoding
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Biodiversity Data Journal. - 1314-2828 .- 1314-2836. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Fungi are heterotrophic, unicellular or filamentous organisms that exhibit a wide range of different lifestyles as, e.g., symbionts, parasites, and saprotrophs. Mycologists have traditionally considered fungi to be a nearly exclusively terrestrial group of organisms, but it is now known that fungi have a significant presence in aquatic environments as well. We know little about most fungi in limnic and marine systems, including aspects of their taxonomy, ecology, and geographic distribution. The present study seeks to improve our knowledge of fungi in the marine environment. The fungal communities of two coastal marine environments of the Kattegat sea, Sweden, were explored with metabarcoding techniques using the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) metabarcode. Our data add new information to the current picture of fungal community composition in benthic and coastal habitats in Northern Europe. New information The dataset describes the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and their taxonomic affiliations in two littoral gradients sampled on the Swedish west coast, Gothenburg municipality. Our data include basic diversity indices as well as chemical and edaphic sediment/soil parameters of the sampling sites. From the sites, 3470 and 4315 fungal OTUs, respectively, were recovered. The number of reads were 673,711 and 779,899, respectively, after quality filtering. Within the benthic sites, more than 80% of the sequences could not be classified taxonomically. The phylum composition of the classifiable sequences was dominated in both localities by Dikarya, which made up around 33% of the OTUs. Within Dikarya, Ascomycota was the dominant phylum. Guild assignment failed for more than half of the classifiable OTUs, with undefined saprotrophs being the most common resolved guild. This guild classification was slightly more common in the ocean sediment samples than in the terrestrial ones. Our metadata indicated that ocean sites contain organisms at a lower trophic level and that there are predominantly endophytic, parasitic, and pathogenic fungi in the marine environments. This hints at the presence of interesting and currently poorly understood fungus-driven ecological processes. It is also clear from our results that a very large number of marine fungi are in urgent need of taxonomic study and formal description.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Sundberg, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Utvärdering av ny övervakning av främmande arter : Metodjämförelse mellan traditionell och DNA-baserad identifiering
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport redovisar resultat från en studie där vi undersökt artförekomst och speciellt förekomst av invasiva främmande arter i kustmiljö. Syftet har varit att utvärdera konventionell undersökningsmetodik för att identifiera arter genom taxonomisk artbestämning genetisk identifiering genom DNAmetabarkodning, i hamnmiljöer.Genom att övervaka miljön med nya genetiska metoder får vi möjligheter att upptäcka spår av organismers förekomst, något som annars är svårt med sortering av organismer från vatten-/planktonprov, bottenhugg eller fiskeredskap. Utvecklingen av DNA-tekniker går fort och det ser lovande ut att tillämpa dessa i jakten på invasiva främmande arter och patogener som är skadliga för den biologiska mångfalden, människors och djurs hälsa samt orsakar stora samhällskostnader, alltså organismer som vi anser är invasiva och främmande.Det finns idag inga miljöövervakningsprogram som baseras på DNA. Samtidigt blir det allt svårare att hitta experter, så kallade taxonomer som kan identifiera arter och som oftast är specialiserade på en eller några artgrupper. Dessutom kommer många arter hit som larver eller juveniler som kanske inte alls liknar det vuxna djuret, eller algen, och därmed är svåra att artbestämma. Detta innebär att många arter kan komma hit utan att upptäckas förrän de är etablerade, och då har vi vanligtvis nått en situation då den invasiva främmande arten i fråga etablerat sig i en ny miljö, och därmed inte går att åtgärda.Såväl EU:s förordning om invasiva främmande arter som havsmiljödirektivet ställer krav på nationell övervakning av främmande arter. Och inom havsmiljöförvaltningen finns även behoven för att fullfölja arbetet med främmande arter inom Helcoms och Ospar. För att snabbt kunna utrota eller begränsa nyetableringar av invasiva främmande arter behöver vi utveckla metoder som är effektiva på att tidigt upptäcka nya introduktioner. Övervakning med hjälp av DNA-baserade metoder som metabarkodning är en lämplig väg att gå. Eftersom det är nya metoder för övervakning så bör även nya indikatorer tas fram som lämpar sig för genetiska metoder. Genetiska metoder bör ses som ett komplement till de traditionella – inte minst under en övergångsfas och om så möjligt ersätta traditionella.
|
|
