| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Gray, L J, et al.
(författare)
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Significant variation in mortality and functional outcome after acute ischaemic stroke between western countries : Data from the tinzaparin in acute ischaemic stroke trial (TAIST)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. - : BMJ. - 0022-3050 .- 1468-330X. ; 77:3, s. 327-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The medical care of patients with acute stroke varies considerably between countries. This could lead to measurable differences in mortality and functional outcome. Objective: To compare case mix, clinical management, and functional outcome in stroke between 11 countries. Methods: All 1484 patients from 11 countries who were enrolled into the tinzaparin in acute ischaemic stroke trial (TAIST) were included in this substudy. Information collected prospectively on demographics, risk factors, clinical features, measures of service quality (for example, admission to a stroke unit), and outcome were assessed. Outcomes were adjusted for treatment assignment, case mix, and service relative to the British Isles. Results: Differences in case mix (mostly minor) and clinical service (many of prognostic relevance) were present between the countries. Significant differences in outcome were present between the countries. When assessed by geographical region, death or dependency were lower in North America (odds ratio (OR) adjusted for treatment group only = 0.52 (95% confidence interval, 0.39 to 0.71) and north west Europe (OR = 0.54 (0.37 to 0.78)) relative to the British Isles, similar reductions were found when adjustments were made for 11 case mix variables and five service quality measures. Similarly, case fatality rates were lower in North America (OR = 0.44 (0.30 to 0.66)) and Scandinavia (OR = 0.50 (0.33 to 0.74)) relative to the British Isles, whether crude or adjusted for case mix and service quality. Conclusions: Both functional outcome and case fatality vary considerably between countries, even when adjusted for prognostic case mix variables and measures of good stroke care. Differing health care systems and the management of patients with acute stroke may contribute to these findings.
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| 3. |
- Sprigg, N., et al.
(författare)
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Early Recovery and Functional Outcome are Related with Causal Stroke Subtype : Data from the Tinzaparin in Acute Ischemic Stroke Trial
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1052-3057 .- 1532-8511. ; 16:4, s. 180-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Baseline severity and causal subtype are predictors of outcome in ischemic stroke. We used data from the Tinzaparin in Acute Ischemic Stroke Trial (TAIST) to further assess the relationship among stroke subtype, early recovery, and outcome. Methods: Patients with ischemic stroke (<48 hours ictus) and enrolled into TAIST were included. Severity was measured prospectively as the Scandinavian Neurological Stroke Scale (SNSS) at days 0, 4, 7, and 10. Causal subtype as large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardioembolism (CE), or small vessel occlusion (SVO) was assigned after standard investigations. The rate of recovery was calculated as the change in SNSS at each time point. Functional outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel Index at day 90. Results: Analyses were performed on the 1190 patients in TAIST who met criteria for LAA, CE, and SVO. The largest change in SNSS score occurred between baseline and day 4 and was greatest in SVO (median improvement 4 U), compared with LAA (median improvement 2 U) and CE (median improvement 2 U) (P < .0001). If no improvement in SNSS had occurred by day 4, irrespective of subgroup, then early recovery (median SNSS improvement by day 10: 2) and functional outcome (mRS 4) tended to be limited, patients who recovered early tended to continue to improve (median SNSS improvement by day 10: 11) and had a better outcome at day 90 (median, mRS 2). Conclusions: Recovery is related to causal subtype. In all subtypes most recovery occurred by day 4, and was predictive of longer-term functional outcome. © 2007 National Stroke Association.
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| 4. |
- Sprigg, N., et al.
(författare)
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Stroke severity, early recovery and outcome are each related with clinical classification of stroke : Data from the 'Tinzaparin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial' (TAIST)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of the Neurological Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-510X .- 1878-5883. ; 254:1-2, s. 54-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Baseline severity and clinical stroke syndrome (Oxford Community Stroke Project, OCSP) classification are predictors of outcome in stroke. We used data from the 'Tinzaparin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial' (TAIST) to assess the relationship between stroke severity, early recovery, outcome and OCSP syndrome. Methods: TAIST was a randomised controlled trial assessing the safety and efficacy of tinzaparin versus aspirin in 1484 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Severity was measured as the Scandinavian Neurological Stroke Scale (SNSS) at baseline and days 4, 7 and 10, and baseline OCSP clinical classification recorded: total anterior circulation infarct (TACI), partial anterior circulation infarct (PACI), lacunar infarct (LACI) and posterior circulation infarction (POCI). Recovery was calculated as change in SNSS from baseline at day 4 and 10. The relationship between stroke syndrome and SNSS at days 4 and 10, and outcome (modified Rankin Scale at 90 days) were assessed. Results: Stroke severity was significantly different between TACI (most severe) and LACI (mildest) at all four time points (p < 0.001), with no difference between PACI and POCI. The largest change in SNSS score occurred between baseline and day 4, improvement was least in TACI (median 2 units), compared to other groups (median 3 units) (p < 0.001). If SNSS did not improve by day 4, then early recovery and late functional outcome tended to be limited irrespective of clinical syndrome (SNSS, baseline: 31, day 10: 32, mRS, day 90: 4), patients who recovered early tended to continue to improve and had better functional outcome irrespective of syndrome (SNSS, baseline: 35, day 10: 50, mRS, day 90: 2). Conclusions: Although functional outcome is related to baseline clinical syndrome (best with LACI, worst with TACI), patients who improve early have a more favourable functional outcome, irrespective of their OCSP syndrome. Hence, patients with a TACI syndrome may still achieve a reasonable outcome if early recovery occurs. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Alderman, J. McKee, et al.
(författare)
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Neuroendocrine inhibition of glucose production and resistance to cancer in dwarf mice
- 2009
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Ingår i: Experimental Gerontology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0531-5565 .- 1873-6815. ; 44:1-2, s. 26-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pit1 null (Snell dwarf) and Proph1 null (Ames dwarf) mutant mice lack GH, PRL and TSH. Snell and Ames dwarf mice also exhibit reduced IGF-I, resistance to cancer and a longer lifespan than control mice. Endogenous glucose production during fasting is reduced in Snell dwarf mice compared to fasting control mice. In view of cancer cell dependence on glucose for energy, low endogenous glucose production may provide Snell dwarf mice with resistance to cancer. We investigated whether endogenous glucose production is lower in Snell dwarf mice during feeding. Inhibition of endogenous glucose production by glucose injection was enhanced in 12 to 14 month-old female Snell dwarf mice. Thus, we hypothesize that lower endogenous glucose production during feeding and fasting reduces cancer cell glucose utilization providing Snell dwarf mice with resistance to cancer. The elevation of circulating adiponectin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue, may contribute to the suppression of endogenous glucose production in 12 to 14 month-old Snell dwarf mice. We compared the incidence of cancer at time of death between old Snell dwarf and control mice. Only 18% of old Snell dwarf mice had malignant lesions at the time of death compared to 82% of control mice. The median ages at death for old Snell dwarf and control mice were 33 and 26 months, respectively. By contrast, previous studies showed a high incidence of cancer in old Ames dwarf mice at the time of death. Hence, resistance to cancer in old Snell dwarf mice may be mediated by neuroendocrine factors that reduce glucose utilization besides elevated adiponectin, reduced IGF-I and a lack of GH, PRL and TSH, seen in both Snell and Ames dwarf mice. Proteomics analysis of pituitary secretions from Snell dwarf mice confirmed the absence of GH and PRL, the secretion of ACTH and elevated secretion of Chromogranin B and Secretogranin II. Radioimmune assays confirmed that circulating Chromogranin B and Secretogranin II were elevated in 12 to 14 month-old Snell dwarf mice. In summary, our results in Snell dwarf mice suggest that the pituitary gland and adipose tissue are part of a neuroendocrine loop that lowers the risk of cancer during aging by reducing the availability of glucose.
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| 7. |
- Arnesen, H., et al.
(författare)
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Microbial experience through housing in a farmyard-type environment alters intestinal barrier properties in mouse colons
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To close the gap between ultra-hygienic research mouse models and the much more environmentally exposed conditions of humans, we have established a system where laboratory mice are raised under a full set of environmental factors present in a naturalistic, farmyard-type habitat-a process we have called feralization. In previous studies we have shown that feralized (Fer) mice were protected against colorectal cancer when compared to conventionally reared laboratory mice (Lab). However, the protective mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Disruption of the protective intestinal barrier is an acknowledged player in colorectal carcinogenesis, and in the current study we assessed colonic mucosal barrier properties in healthy, feralized C57BL/6JRj male mice. While we found no effect of feralization on mucus layer properties, higher expression of genes encoding the mucus components Fcgbp and Clca1 still suggested mucus enforcement due to feralization. Genes encoding other proteins known to be involved in bacterial defense (Itln1, Ang1, Retnlb) and inflammatory mechanisms (Zbp1, Gsdmc2) were also higher expressed in feralized mice, further suggesting that the Fer mice have an altered intestinal mucosal barrier. These findings demonstrate that microbial experience conferred by housing in a farmyard-type environment alters the intestinal barrier properties in mice possibly leading to a more robust protection against disease. Future studies to unravel regulatory roles of feralization on intestinal barrier should aim to conduct proteomic analyses and in vivo performance of the feralized mice intestinal barrier.
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| 8. |
- Chaparro, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Surgery due to Inflammatory Bowel Disease During Pregnancy: Mothers and Offspring Outcomes From an ECCO Confer Multicentre Case Series [Scar Study]
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479. ; 16:9, s. 1428-1435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: i] To evaluate the evolution of pregnancies and offspring after inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] surgery during pregnancy; and ii] to describe the indications, the surgical techniques, and the frequency of caesarean section concomitant with surgery.Methods: Patients operated on due to IBD during pregnancy after 1998 were included. Participating clinicians were asked to review their databases to identify cases. Data on patients demographics, IBD characteristics, medical treatments, IBD activity, pregnancy outcomes, surgery, delivery, and foetal and maternal outcomes, were recorded.Results: In all, 44 IBD patients were included, of whom 75% had Crohns disease; 18% of the surgeries were performed in the first trimester, 55% in the second, and 27% in the third trimester. One patient had complications during surgery, and 27% had postsurgical complications. No patient died. Of deliveries, 70% were carried out by caesarean section. There were 40 newborns alive. There were four miscarriages/stillbirths [one in the first, two in the second, and one in the third trimester]; two occurred during surgery, and another two occurred 2 weeks after surgery; 14% of the surgeries during the second trimester and 64% of those in the third trimester ended up with a simultaneous caesarean section or vaginal delivery. Of the 40 newborns, 61% were premature and 47% had low birth weight; 42% of newborns needed hospitalisation [25% in the intensive care unit].Conclusions: IBD surgery during pregnancy remains an extremely serious situation. Therefore, surgical management should be performed in a multidisciplinary team, involving gastroenterologists, colorectal surgeons, obstetricians, and neonatal specialists.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Heitz-Mayfield, Lisa J A, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical course of chronic periodontitis : II. Incidence, characteristics and time of occurrence of the initial periodontal lesion
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 30:10, s. 902-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess the initiation and progression of periodontal disease during adult life.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a 26-year longitudinal investigation of the initiation and progression of chronic periodontitis that started in 1969 and included 565 men of Norwegian middle class, 223 who had participated in some, but not all, intermediate examinations presented at the last survey in 1995. Fifty-four individuals were available for examination in all seven surveys.RESULTS: Covering the age range from 16 to 60 years, the study showed that at 16 years of age, 5% of the participants had initial loss of periodontal attachment (ILA > or = 2 mm) at one or more sites. Both the subject incidence and the site incidence increased with time, and by 32 years of age, all individuals had one or more sites with loss of attachment. As age progressed, new lesions affected sites, so that as these men approached 60 years of age approximately 50% of all available sites had ILA. An assessment of the intraoral distribution of the first periodontal lesion showed that, regardless of age, molars and bicuspids were most often affected. At and before the age of 40 years, the majority of ILA was found in buccal surfaces in the form of gingival recession. By 50 years, however, a greater proportion of sites presented with attachment loss attributed to pocket formation or a combination of pocket formation and gingival recession. As individuals neared 60 years of age, approximately half of the interproximal areas in posterior teeth had these lesions.CONCLUSION: This investigation has shown that, in a well-maintained population who practises oral home care and has regular check-ups, the incidence of incipient periodontal destruction increases with age, the highest rate occurs between 50 and 60 years, and gingival recession is the predominant lesion before 40 years, while periodontal pocketing is the principal mode of destruction between 50 and 60 years of age.
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| 11. |
- Helbig, K. L., et al.
(författare)
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De Novo Pathogenic Variants in CACNA1E Cause Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy with Contractures, Macrocephaly, and Dyskinesias
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 103:5, s. 666-678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are severe neurodevelopmental disorders often beginning in infancy or early childhood that are characterized by intractable seizures, abundant epileptiform activity on EEG, and developmental impairment or regression. CACNA1E is highly expressed in the central nervous system and encodes the alpha(1)-subunit of the voltage-gated Ca(V)2.3 channel, which conducts high voltage-activated R-type calcium currents that initiate synaptic transmission. Using next-generation sequencing techniques, we identified de novo CACNA1E variants in 30 individuals with DEE, characterized by refractory infantile-onset seizures, severe hypotonia, and profound developmental impairment, often with congenital contractures, macrocephaly, hyperkinetic movement disorders, and early death. Most of the 14, partially recurring, variants cluster within the cytoplasmic ends of all four S6 segments, which form the presumed Ca(V)2.3 channel activation gate. Functional analysis of several S6 variants revealed consistent gain-of-function effects comprising facilitated voltage-dependent activation and slowed inactivation. Another variant located in the domain II S4-S5 linker results in facilitated activation and increased current density. Five participants achieved seizure freedom on the anti-epileptic drug topiramate, which blocks R-type calcium channels. We establish pathogenic variants in CACNA1E as a cause of DEEs and suggest facilitated R-type calcium currents as a disease mechanism for human epilepsy and developmental disorders.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Paolini, Lucia, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale production of extracellular vesicles: Report on the “massivEVs” ISEV workshop
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Extracellular Biology. - : Wiley. - 2768-2811. ; 1:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) large-scale production is a crucial point for the translation of EVs from discovery to application of EV-based products. In October 2021, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), along with support by the FET-OPEN projects, “The Extracellular Vesicle Foundry” (evFOUNDRY) and “Extracellular vesicles from a natural source for tailor-made nanomaterials” (VES4US), organized a workshop entitled “massivEVs” to discuss the potential challenges for translation of EV-based products. This report gives an overview of the topics discussed during “massivEVs”, the most important points raised, and the points of consensus reached after discussion among academia and industry representatives. Overall, the review of the existing EV manufacturing, upscaling challenges and directions for their resolution highlighted in the workshop painted an optimistic future for the expanding EV field.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Schätzle, Marc, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical course of chronic periodontitis : I. Role of gingivitis
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 30:10, s. 887-901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of long-standing gingival inflammation on periodontal attachment loss. On the basis of repeated examinations, the present report describes the influence of gingival inflammation on the initiation of periodontitis from 16 to 59 years of age.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data originated from a 26-year longitudinal study of Norwegian males, who practiced daily oral home care and received state-of-the-art dental care. The initial examination included 565 individuals. Subsequent examinations took place in 1971, 1973, 1975, 1981, 1988 and 1995. Thus, the study covers the age range of 16-59 years. All tooth sites were divided into four categories according to their history of gingival inflammation over the entire observation period: sites always scoring GI = 0, GI = 1 and GI = 2 sites (GI = gingival index). Sites disclosing various GI scores at different observation periods were not considered.RESULTS: The mean cumulative attachment loss for non-inflamed (GI = 0) sites in individuals approaching 60 years of age was 1.94 mm. Sites always scoring GI = 1 yielded 2.42 mm, and sites that always scored GI = 2 exhibited 3.31 mm of periodontal attachment loss. At interproximal sites of all three groups where gingival trauma was assumed to be minimal or non-existent, only very few sites expressed attachment loss due to gingival recession (2-4%). At interproximal sites always scoring GI = 0, 20% loss of attachment was in the form of pocket formation by 59 years of age. The GI = 1 and the GI = 2 cohorts exhibited attachment loss with pocket formation in 28% and 54%, respectively.CONCLUSION: This study has shown that, as men approach 60 years of age, gingival sites that throughout the 26 years of observation bled on probing had approximately 70% more attachment loss than sites that were consistently non-inflamed (GI = 0). Before 40 years of age, there was a slight increase in periodontal attachment loss due to pocket formation, but after this, the frequency increased significantly. Loss of attachment due to gingival recession was very small in all three groups. The fact that sites with non-inflamed gingiva also exhibited some loss of attachment and pocket formation may be explained by fluctuation in the variations of tissue status during long observation intervals combined with the presence of subclinical inflammation.
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| 21. |
- Schätzle, Marc, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical course of chronic periodontitis : III. Patterns, variations and risks of attachment loss
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 30:10, s. 909-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of attachment loss during various stages of adult life in a well-maintained middle-class population.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data originated from a 26-year longitudinal study of Norwegian males who had received regular and adequate dental care and practised daily oral home care. The initial examination in 1969 included 565 individuals aged between 16 and 34 years. Subsequent examinations took place in 1971, 1973, 1975, 1981, 1988 and 1995. Thus, the study covers the age range of 16-59 years. The rate of the annual attachment loss was calculated as the difference between the individual mean attachment loss between two examinations divided by the years between examinations. The mean annualized relative risk of attachment loss was calculated as the frequency distribution of sites with initial periodontal attachment loss (loss of attachment at the first time of occurrence > or = 2 mm) and healthy sites (loss of attachment always < 2 mm). For comparison of significant changes in annual attachment loss rates between the age groups and mean annualized relative risks of attachment loss as they proceeded through adult life, the Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney U-test was used.RESULTS: The mean overall individual attachment loss during 44 years (between 16 and 59 years) totaled 2.44 mm (range 0.14-2.44 mm), averaging an annual mean rate of 0.05 mm/year. The highest annual rate of attachment loss occurred before 35 years of age (0.08-0.1 mm/year), after which the mean annual rate decreased to about 0.04-0.06 mm/year for the next three decades of life leading to 60 years. The mean annualized relative risk of initial attachment loss increased significantly from adolescence (1.2%) to the maximum at 30-34 years of age (6.9%). After the age of 34 years, the risk of initial attachment loss decreased again, but after the age of 40 years, another continuous increase was observed.CONCLUSIONS: Over a 26-year period, 25% of the subjects went through adult life with healthy and stable periodontal conditions. The remaining 75% developed slight to moderately progressing periodontal disease with progression rates varying between 0.02 and 0.1 mm/year with a cumulative mean of loss of attachment of 2.44 mm as they approached 60 years of age. The annual mean rate and the mean annualized risk of initial attachment loss were highest between 16 and 34 years of age. Only 20% of the sites continued to lose further attachment during the remainder of the observation period, and less than 1% of the sites showed substantial loss of attachment (> 4 mm).
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| 22. |
- Schätzle, Marc, et al.
(författare)
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The clinical course of chronic periodontitis : IV. Gingival inflammation as a risk factor in tooth mortality
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 31:12, s. 1122-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term influence of gingival inflammation on tooth loss.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data originated from a 26-year longitudinal study of Norwegian males, who practiced adequate daily oral home care and received "state-of-the-art" dental care. The initial examination in 1969 included 565 individuals aged between 16 and 34 years. Subsequent examinations took place in 1971, 1973, 1975, 1981, 1988 and 1995. Thus, the study covers the age range of 16-59 years. The teeth were divided into three tooth groups (I-III) reflecting the history of inflammation of the surrounding gingiva (gingival index (GI) scores) over 26 years: (I) teeth with surrounding gingival units scoring a minimum of one site with GI=0 and a maximum of three sites with GI=1, (II) teeth with surrounding gingival units scoring a minimum of one site with GI=1 and a maximum of three sites with GI=2 over the observation periods and (III) teeth with surrounding gingival units always scoring a minimum of GI=2 (bleeding on probing) at all sites over the observation period.RESULTS: At baseline (1969), out of possible 15,820 teeth (565 x 28), 15,383 teeth were present. Four hundred and thirty-seven teeth had already been missing for unknown reasons. By 1995, 13,159 teeth were reexamined, i.e. over the 26-year observation period only 126 (0.95%) teeth were lost. Only 16 (0.28%) of 5793 teeth belonging to GI-Severity Group I were lost. In the GI-Severity Group II, however, 78 (2.28%) out of 3348 teeth were lost, and 13 (11.21%) of 103 teeth with GI-Severity Group III were lost. Teeth with GI-Severity Group III yielded an odds ratio for tooth loss that was 46 times higher than that of teeth with GI-Severity Group I, and five times higher than that of teeth with GI-Severity Group II over 26 years. Furthermore, teeth with the GI-Severity Group II had a nine times higher risk for tooth loss than teeth with the GI-Severity Group I. The GI-Severity Group I retained 99.5% of the teeth after a tooth age of 51 years. The GI-Severity Group II retained 93.8% of the teeth after a tooth age of 50 years. However, in the GI-Severity Group III, 63.4% of the teeth were retained for a tooth age of 47 years.CONCLUSIONS: Teeth surrounded with inflammation-free gingival tissues were maintained for a tooth age of 51 years, while teeth consistently surrounded with inflamed gingivae yielded a 46-times higher risk to be lost. Only two-thirds of such teeth were maintained throughout the 26-year observation period. This documents the role of gingival inflammation as a risk factor for future tooth loss.
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| 23. |
- Schätzle, M, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of margins of restorations of the periodontal tissues over 26 years
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 28:1, s. 57-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the long-term relationship between dental restorations and periodontal health.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data derived from a 26-year longitudinal study of a group of Scandinavian middle-class males characterized by good to moderate oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups. At each of 7 examinations between 1969 and 1995, the mesial and buccal surfaces were scored for dental, restorative and periodontal parameters. The mesial sites of premolars and molars of 160 participants were observed during 26 years (1969-1995). A control group with 615 sound surfaces or filling margins located more than 1 mm from the gingival margin in all 7 surveys was compared with a test cohort with 98 surfaces which were sound or had filling margins located more than 1 mm from the gingival margin at baseline (1969) and had a subgingival filling margin 2 years after (1971).RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed the long held concept that restorations placed below the gingival margin are detrimental to gingival and periodontal health. In addition, this study suggests that the increased loss of attachment found in teeth with subgingival restorations started slowly and could be detected clinically 1 to 3 years after the fabrication and placement of the restorations. A subsequent "burn-out" effect was suggested.
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| 24. |
- Bjordal, K, et al.
(författare)
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- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 1527-7755. ; 17:3, s. 1008-1019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to define the scales and test the validity, reliability, and sensitivity of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ)-H&N35, a questionnaire designed to assess the quality of life of head and neck (H&N) cancer patients in conjunction with the general cancer-specific EORTC QLQ-C30. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Questionnaires were given to 500 H&N cancer patients from Norway, Sweden, and the Netherlands as part of two prospective studies. The patients completed the questionnaires before, during (Norway and Sweden only), and after treatment, yielding a total of 2070 completed questionnaires. RESULTS: The compliance rate was high, and the questionnaires were well accepted by the patients. Seven scales were constructed (pain, swallowing, senses, speech, social eating, social contact, sexuality). Scales and single items were sensitive to differences between patient subgroups with relation to site, stage, or performance status. Most scales and single items were sensitive to changes, with differences of various magnitudes according to the site in question. The internal consistency, as assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, varied according to assessment point and within subsamples of patients. A low overall alpha value was found for the speech and the senses scales, but values were higher in assessments of patients with laryngeal cancer and in patients with nose, sinus, and salivary gland tumors. Scales and single items in the QLQ-H&N35 seem to be more sensitive to differences between groups and changes over time than do the scales and single items in the core questionnaire. CONCLUSION: The QLQ-H&N35, in conjunction with the QLQ-C30, provides a valuable tool for the assessment of health-related quality of life in clinical studies of H&N cancer patients before, during, and after treatment with radiotherapy, surgery, or chemotherapy.
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