| 1. |
- Al Handawi, Khalil, et al.
(författare)
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Design Space Exploration and Evaluation Using Margin-Based Trade-Offs
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Mechanical Design - Transactions of the ASME. - 1050-0472. ; 146:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design space exploration and margin analysis can inform critical decisions early in engineering design, helping to handle the uncertainties of early design while ensuring design performance. In practice, the complexity of many products makes such decision-making challenging. This paper addresses the challenge with a new design framework that relies on the margin value method to evaluate sets of concepts that are combinatorially generated from an enhanced function-means tree. The basis for concept comparison is the margin value in each design alternative. The margin value method is expanded to address a broad class of design problems by using surrogate models and novel metrics for evaluating different conceptual alternatives. Visualization tools are introduced to support the evaluations. The efficacy of the framework is demonstrated using the design of a structural aeroengine component involving simulation models and uncertain load specifications. Overall, this paper shows how design concepts can be compared objectively and distilled to a set of alternatives that would retain their values throughout product development.
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| 2. |
- Brahma, Arindam, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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A new model for capturing design information with an aim to aid change propagation assessment and subsequent redesign
- 2018
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Ingår i: DS 92: Proceedings of the DESIGN 2018 15th International Design Conference. - : Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Croatia; The Design Society, Glasgow, UK. - 1847-9073.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new model is developed to investigate the causes of change propagation and guide the redesign process. The model offers a micro-level perspective on the mechanisms through which changes propagate or are absorbed. Extending the Information Structure Framework (ISF) reported by Ahmad et al. (2013), the model uses a multi-domain approach combined with a reformulated detail design process layer. It is illustrated through a desk-based case study of routine mechanical design. Advantages and limitations are discussed along with possibilities for further work.
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| 3. |
- Brahma, Arindam, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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A study on the mechanisms of change propagation in mechanical design
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Mechanical Design - Transactions of the ASME. - : ASME International. - 1050-0472. ; 143:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design changes and change propagation have been recognized as ubiquitous in the engineering design process. But why are some design changes propagated while others are absorbed? This paper reports on a study to investigate the specific properties of a mechanical design that influence whether a change is either propagated or absorbed. Student participants in the study were asked to complete a well-defined mechanical design task and then to introduce several design changes. Analysis of the recorded design processes reveals new insight into the mechanisms of change propagation in terms of properties of the design. The insights suggest avenues for future research to make designs more tolerant to potential future change and to develop improved methods to predict change propagation.
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| 4. |
- Brahma, Arindam, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Calculating target thresholds for the margin value method using computational tools
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2633-7762. ; 1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overspecification or excess margin in a design can enhance its ability to absorb changes and uncertainty, but also deteriorates performance criteria such as weight and cost. This paper shows how the Margin Value Method (article in review) can be applied in conjunction with CAE tools such as FEA to quantify excess margin where a design is too complex for algebraic analysis. This new application context for the MVM is illustrated using a case study of a flange coupling design, in which topology optimisation is used within the MVM to identify opportunities for design improvement.
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| 5. |
- Brahma, Arindam, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Circular products: the balance between sustainability and excessive margins in design
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - 2732-527X. ; 4, s. 1199-1208
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the world deals with climate change, it is crucial that new products are designed to be more sustainable. Product design strategies which conform to the Circular Economy principles have recently gained attention, which promote sustainability and resource efficiency. However, such strategies require careful consideration of uncertainties and the ways to mitigate them, e.g. by using margins. The pursuit of circularity can inadvertently lead to overdesign as designers strive to mitigate elevated risks, thereby making a product less sustainable. In this paper, we explore this balance.
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| 6. |
- Brahma, Arindam, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Concepts of change propagation analysis in engineering design
- 2023
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Ingår i: Research in Engineering Design - Theory, Applications, and Concurrent Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-6066 .- 0934-9839. ; 34:1, s. 117-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interest in change propagation analysis for engineering design has increased rapidly since the topic gained prominence in the late 1990s. Although there are now many approaches and models, there is a smaller number of underlying key concepts. This article contributes a literature review and organising framework that summarises and relates these key concepts. Approaches that have been taken to address each key concept are collected and discussed. A visual analysis of the literature is presented to uncover some trends and gaps. The article thereby provides a thematic analysis of state-of-the-art in design change propagation analysis, and highlights opportunities for further work.
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| 7. |
- Brahma, Arindam, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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FUNCTION DRIVEN ASSESSMENT OF MANUFACTURING RISKS IN CONCEPT GENERATION STAGES
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - 2732-527X. ; 3, s. 1995-2004
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decisions made in the concept generation phase have a significant effect on the product. While product- related risks typically can be considered in the early stages of design, risks such as supply chain and manufacturing methods are rarely easy to account for in early phases. This is because the currently available methods require mature data, which may not be available during concept generation. In this paper, we propose an approach to address this. First, the product and the non-product (manufacturing and/or supply chain) attributes are modelled using the enhanced function means (EF-M) modelling method. The EF-M method provides the opportunity to model alternative solutions-set for functions. Dependencies are then mapped within the product and the manufacturing models, and also in between them. An automatic combinatorial method of concept generation is employed where each generated instance is a design concept-manufacturing method pair. A risk propagation algorithm is then used to assess the risks of all the generated alternatives.
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| 8. |
- Brahma, Arindam, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Margins in design – review of related concepts and methods
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Engineering Design. - 1466-1837 .- 0954-4828.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Margins are defined as the difference between a design parameter’sminimum required value to ensure functionality, and its actual capa-bility. Margins allow engineers to mitigate uncertainties of variouskinds. While some margins are intentionally allocated, some othersmay get included inadvertently in designs or arise from changes torequirements. Although common in use, the concept of margins hasnot been formalised systematically. This paper offers the first system-atic literature review of margins. Concepts related to margins can befound in various interrelated domains with similar underlying princi-ples. However, these concepts have developed in isolation, leadingto a divergent and fragmented understanding. This paper bringsthese strands together by differentiating between margins whichmay be deliberately added or discovered during a typical productlifecycle and relates this to various domains such as safety, manu-facturing etc. The paper discusses approaches to model, size andallocate margins. The thematic analysis presents insights into theimportance of systematic use and management of margins and alsoraises currently observable gaps in the literature.
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| 9. |
- Hajali, Tina, 1996, et al.
(författare)
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INFORMATION FLOW ANALYSIS ENABLING THE INTRODUCTION OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING FOR PRODUCTION TOOLS-INSIGHTS FROM AN INDUSTRIAL CASE
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society, vol. 3. - : Cambridge University Press. ; 3, s. 2315-2324
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Additive Manufacturing (AM) has traditionally been used for prototyping of products, however, in the last few decades, it has seen a rising growth in the manufacture of final products. The addition of AM as a manufacturing method in the portfolio of a company's production capabilities increases the complexity of decision-making. This is because the decisions are often not based on the same criteria and constraints, as related to conventional manufacturing processes. In this paper, we investigate this challenge by studying how AM affects the current workflow and the associated information flow for a design-make process in a Swedish manufacturer before and after the integration of AM. In this paper, it is argued that apart from an understanding of how to design for AM, it is equally important to consider how introducing AM alters the existing information flow and how to benefit from information available in various design-make process steps to facilitate decision making process. The result clarifies that the current process relies largely on tacit and experiences-based knowledge, whereas to take advantage of AM, more precision is required to capture and process the available information.
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| 10. |
- Isaksson, Ola, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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The Importance of Digitalisation in Industrialising Additive Manufacturing: Learnings from the DIDAM P2030 Project
- 2024
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Ingår i: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. - : IOS Press BV. - 2352-751X .- 2352-7528. ; 52, s. 442-452
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Additive manufacturing, a technology that has evolved significantly over the last few decades, has shifted from prototyping to final product manufacturing. Despite its potential in design flexibility and customisation, its implementation in industrial ecosystems often faces challenges, especially in companies with established traditional manufacturing methods. This paper explores additive manufacturing beyond the printing process, drawing insights from the DIDAM project in Swedish manufacturing companies. It maps the advantages of additive manufacturing to external factors influencing its success such as digital infrastructure. This mapping yields “risk factors” for its implementation. These factors are based on empirical observations from the DIDAM project to identify potential failure modes, assess risks, and provide a snapshot view of critical issues. This objective evaluation aims to support managers in evaluating the risks associated with additive manufacturing’s integration into a company’s manufacturing ecosystem, based on empirical findings in industrial cases as reported in the DIDAM Digital Model Guide (Digital Model Guide, 2023).
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Panarotto, Massimo, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Problem decomposition: the key to Agile sprints in Design Research
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 25th International DSM Conference, DSM 2023.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In design research, parallelization and anticipation of tasks are crucial to having an effective impact on industry and society. In practice, however, parallelization and anticipation are difficult due to high inter-dependency among research problems and design supports. This paper proposes a framework to use the Design Structure Matrix combined with Axiomatic Design to isolate research problems and their design supports. This modular independence is an important building block to plan for quick and parallel agile design research "sprints". The application of the approach is illustrated through two practical examples. The results highlight the importance to control a limited number of interfaces to work "agile" in design research without wasteful rework.
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| 13. |
- Panarotto, Massimo, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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TEXT MINING OF RESILIENT OBJECTS ABSORBING CHANGE AND UNCERTAINTY
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - 2732-527X. ; 3, s. 3325-3334
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current ways of coping with uncertainty such as changes during product design or use have been through methods such as easy restructuring (e.g., modularity with buffer in interface definition), by overdesign and so on. The present investments on maintaining products in the economy for “as long as possible” is challenging these strategies from a cost and environmental perspective. Moreover, these strategies often lead to highly overdesigned products. An alternative strategy is to introduce features in a design, called “resilient objects”, which are able to absorb such uncertainties without wasteful overdesign of other parts. By applying a ‘text-mining’ approach on patents, this paper has identified 5,552 candidates for such resilient objects that can be recombined and inserted in regions of the product that are likely to be most affected by current and future uncertainties. The application of resilient objects is demonstrated on a case study (a cooling system for battery electric vehicles). The case study highlights the ability of these objects to 1) significantly increase protection against uncertainties without the need for restructuring, 2 ) reduce the risk for overdesign and 3) dampen effects of change propagation.
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| 14. |
- Panarotto, Massimo, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Using DSMs in functionally driven explorative design experiments – an automation approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 24th International Dependency and Structure Modeling Conference, DSM 2022. ; , s. 68-77
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product architectures are often designed as evolutions or modifications of existing product platforms by adding new functionalities. However, there is still a limited ability to simultaneously modify the functions and the physical elements of a system (and the corresponding links between them). These relationships, which are usually static, limit the ability to discover new architectures, as well as to analyse architectures by simulation. In this paper, we demonstrate how DSMs can be connected to function-means models to enable 1) the simultaneous modification of functions, solutions and links of a product’s architecture and 2) the ability to export multiple DSMs from function models to use in simulations of non-functional properties of a product’s architecture (e.g., supply chain resilience) in digital design experiments. The initially identified multiple instances of architectures can be exported and communicated with other simulation and analysis tools, thereby enriching existing models with additional and more detailed information.
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