| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Lozano, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
-
Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 2091-2138
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.
|
|
| 6. |
- Eijsbouts, C., et al.
(författare)
-
Genome-wide analysis of 53,400 people with irritable bowel syndrome highlights shared genetic pathways with mood and anxiety disorders
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 53:11, s. 1543-1552
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) results from disordered brain–gut interactions. Identifying susceptibility genes could highlight the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. We designed a digestive health questionnaire for UK Biobank and combined identified cases with IBS with independent cohorts. We conducted a genome-wide association study with 53,400 cases and 433,201 controls and replicated significant associations in a 23andMe panel (205,252 cases and 1,384,055 controls). Our study identified and confirmed six genetic susceptibility loci for IBS. Implicated genes included NCAM1, CADM2, PHF2/FAM120A, DOCK9, CKAP2/TPTE2P3 and BAG6. The first four are associated with mood and anxiety disorders, expressed in the nervous system, or both. Mirroring this, we also found strong genome-wide correlation between the risk of IBS and anxiety, neuroticism and depression (rg > 0.5). Additional analyses suggested this arises due to shared pathogenic pathways rather than, for example, anxiety causing abdominal symptoms. Implicated mechanisms require further exploration to help understand the altered brain–gut interactions underlying IBS. © 2021, The Author(s).
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Romagnoni, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparative performances of machine learning methods for classifying Crohn Disease patients using genome-wide genotyping data
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1, s. 10351-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crohn Disease (CD) is a complex genetic disorder for which more than 140 genes have been identified using genome wide association studies (GWAS). However, the genetic architecture of the trait remains largely unknown. The recent development of machine learning (ML) approaches incited us to apply them to classify healthy and diseased people according to their genomic information. The Immunochip dataset containing 18,227 CD patients and 34,050 healthy controls enrolled and genotyped by the international Inflammatory Bowel Disease genetic consortium (IIBDGC) has been re-analyzed using a set of ML methods: penalized logistic regression (LR), gradient boosted trees (GBT) and artificial neural networks (NN). The main score used to compare the methods was the Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) statistics. The impact of quality control (QC), imputing and coding methods on LR results showed that QC methods and imputation of missing genotypes may artificially increase the scores. At the opposite, neither the patient/control ratio nor marker preselection or coding strategies significantly affected the results. LR methods, including Lasso, Ridge and ElasticNet provided similar results with a maximum AUC of 0.80. GBT methods like XGBoost, LightGBM and CatBoost, together with dense NN with one or more hidden layers, provided similar AUC values, suggesting limited epistatic effects in the genetic architecture of the trait. ML methods detected near all the genetic variants previously identified by GWAS among the best predictors plus additional predictors with lower effects. The robustness and complementarity of the different methods are also studied. Compared to LR, non-linear models such as GBT or NN may provide robust complementary approaches to identify and classify genetic markers.
|
|
| 9. |
- Momozawa, Y, et al.
(författare)
-
IBD risk loci are enriched in multigenic regulatory modules encompassing putative causative genes
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9:1, s. 2427-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- GWAS have identified >200 risk loci for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The majority of disease associations are known to be driven by regulatory variants. To identify the putative causative genes that are perturbed by these variants, we generate a large transcriptome data set (nine disease-relevant cell types) and identify 23,650 cis-eQTL. We show that these are determined by ∼9720 regulatory modules, of which ∼3000 operate in multiple tissues and ∼970 on multiple genes. We identify regulatory modules that drive the disease association for 63 of the 200 risk loci, and show that these are enriched in multigenic modules. Based on these analyses, we resequence 45 of the corresponding 100 candidate genes in 6600 Crohn disease (CD) cases and 5500 controls, and show with burden tests that they include likely causative genes. Our analyses indicate that ≥10-fold larger sample sizes will be required to demonstrate the causality of individual genes using this approach.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- McGovern, Dermot P B, et al.
(författare)
-
Genome-wide association identifies multiple ulcerative colitis susceptibility loci
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:4, s. 332-337
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract with a complex genetic and environmental etiology. In an effort to identify genetic variation underlying ulcerative colitis risk, we present two distinct genome-wide association studies of ulcerative colitis and their joint analysis with a previously published scan, comprising, in aggregate, 2,693 individuals with ulcerative colitis and 6,791 control subjects. Fifty-nine SNPs from 14 independent loci attained an association significance of P < 10(-5). Seven of these loci exceeded genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10(-8)). After testing an independent cohort of 2,009 cases of ulcerative colitis and 1,580 controls, we identified 13 loci that were significantly associated with ulcerative colitis (P < 5 x 10(-8)), including the immunoglobulin receptor gene FCGR2A, 5p15, 2p16 and ORMDL3 (orosomucoid1-like 3). We confirmed association with 14 previously identified ulcerative colitis susceptibility loci, and an analysis of acknowledged Crohn's disease loci showed that roughly half of the known Crohn's disease associations are shared with ulcerative colitis. These data implicate approximately 30 loci in ulcerative colitis, thereby providing insight into disease pathogenesis.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Tapia-Ruiz, Nuria, et al.
(författare)
-
2021 roadmap for sodium-ion batteries
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 2515-7655. ; 3:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing concerns regarding the sustainability of lithium sources, due to their limited availability and consequent expected price increase, have raised awareness of the importance of developing alternative energy-storage candidates that can sustain the ever-growing energy demand. Furthermore, limitations on the availability of the transition metals used in the manufacturing of cathode materials, together with questionable mining practices, are driving development towards more sustainable elements. Given the uniformly high abundance and cost-effectiveness of sodium, as well as its very suitable redox potential (close to that of lithium), sodium-ion battery technology offers tremendous potential to be a counterpart to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in different application scenarios, such as stationary energy storage and low-cost vehicles. This potential is reflected by the major investments that are being made by industry in a wide variety of markets and in diverse material combinations. Despite the associated advantages of being a drop-in replacement for LIBs, there are remarkable differences in the physicochemical properties between sodium and lithium that give rise to different behaviours, for example, different coordination preferences in compounds, desolvation energies, or solubility of the solid-electrolyte interphase inorganic salt components. This demands a more detailed study of the underlying physical and chemical processes occurring in sodium-ion batteries and allows great scope for groundbreaking advances in the field, from lab-scale to scale-up. This roadmap provides an extensive review by experts in academia and industry of the current state of the art in 2021 and the different research directions and strategies currently underway to improve the performance of sodium-ion batteries. The aim is to provide an opinion with respect to the current challenges and opportunities, from the fundamental properties to the practical applications of this technology.
|
|
| 16. |
- Cleynen, Isabelle, et al.
(författare)
-
Inherited determinants of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis phenotypes : a genetic association study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - New York, USA : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 387:10014, s. 156-167
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease; treatment strategies have historically been determined by this binary categorisation. Genetic studies have identified 163 susceptibility loci for inflammatory bowel disease, mostly shared between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. We undertook the largest genotype association study, to date, in widely used clinical subphenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease with the goal of further understanding the biological relations between diseases.Methods This study included patients from 49 centres in 16 countries in Europe, North America, and Australasia. We applied the Montreal classification system of inflammatory bowel disease subphenotypes to 34,819 patients (19,713 with Crohn's disease, 14,683 with ulcerative colitis) genotyped on the Immunochip array. We tested for genotype-phenotype associations across 156,154 genetic variants. We generated genetic risk scores by combining information from all known inflammatory bowel disease associations to summarise the total load of genetic risk for a particular phenotype. We used these risk scores to test the hypothesis that colonic Crohn's disease, ileal Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis are all genetically distinct from each other, and to attempt to identify patients with a mismatch between clinical diagnosis and genetic risk profile.Findings: After quality control, the primary analysis included 29,838 patients (16,902 with Crohn's disease, 12,597 with ulcerative colitis). Three loci (NOD2, MHC, and MST1 3p21) were associated with subphenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease, mainly disease location (essentially fixed over time; median follow-up of 10·5 years). Little or no genetic association with disease behaviour (which changed dramatically over time) remained after conditioning on disease location and age at onset. The genetic risk score representing all known risk alleles for inflammatory bowel disease showed strong association with disease subphenotype (p=1·65 × 10(-78)), even after exclusion of NOD2, MHC, and 3p21 (p=9·23 × 10(-18)). Predictive models based on the genetic risk score strongly distinguished colonic from ileal Crohn's disease. Our genetic risk score could also identify a small number of patients with discrepant genetic risk profiles who were significantly more likely to have a revised diagnosis after follow-up (p=6·8 × 10(-4)).Interpretation: Our data support a continuum of disorders within inflammatory bowel disease, much better explained by three groups (ileal Crohn's disease, colonic Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis) than by Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis as currently defined. Disease location is an intrinsic aspect of a patient's disease, in part genetically determined, and the major driver to changes in disease behaviour over time.Funding: International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium members funding sources (see Acknowledgments for full list).
|
|
| 17. |
- Feng, Shaohong, et al.
(författare)
-
Dense sampling of bird diversity increases power of comparative genomics
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 587:7833
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whole-genome sequencing projects are increasingly populating the tree of life and characterizing biodiversity(1-4). Sparse taxon sampling has previously been proposed to confound phylogenetic inference(5), and captures only a fraction of the genomic diversity. Here we report a substantial step towards the dense representation of avian phylogenetic and molecular diversity, by analysing 363 genomes from 92.4% of bird families-including 267 newly sequenced genomes produced for phase II of the Bird 10,000 Genomes (B10K) Project. We use this comparative genome dataset in combination with a pipeline that leverages a reference-free whole-genome alignment to identify orthologous regions in greater numbers than has previously been possible and to recognize genomic novelties in particular bird lineages. The densely sampled alignment provides a single-base-pair map of selection, has more than doubled the fraction of bases that are confidently predicted to be under conservation and reveals extensive patterns of weak selection in predominantly non-coding DNA. Our results demonstrate that increasing the diversity of genomes used in comparative studies can reveal more shared and lineage-specific variation, and improve the investigation of genomic characteristics. We anticipate that this genomic resource will offer new perspectives on evolutionary processes in cross-species comparative analyses and assist in efforts to conserve species. A dataset of the genomes of 363 species from the Bird 10,000 Genomes Project shows increased power to detect shared and lineage-specific variation, demonstrating the importance of phylogenetically diverse taxon sampling in whole-genome sequencing.
|
|
| 18. |
- Nowak-Sliwinska, Patrycja, et al.
(författare)
-
Consensus guidelines for the use and interpretation of angiogenesis assays
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Angiogenesis. - : Springer. - 0969-6970 .- 1573-7209. ; 21:3, s. 425-532
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a complex process that plays important roles in growth and development, tissue and organ regeneration, as well as numerous pathological conditions. Angiogenesis undergoes multiple discrete steps that can be individually evaluated and quantified by a large number of bioassays. These independent assessments hold advantages but also have limitations. This article describes in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro bioassays that are available for the evaluation of angiogenesis and highlights critical aspects that are relevant for their execution and proper interpretation. As such, this collaborative work is the first edition of consensus guidelines on angiogenesis bioassays to serve for current and future reference.
|
|
| 19. |
- Franke, Andre, et al.
(författare)
-
Genome-wide meta-analysis increases to 71 the number of confirmed Crohn's disease susceptibility loci
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:12, s. 1118-1125
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We undertook a meta-analysis of six Crohn's disease genome-wide association studies (GWAS) comprising 6,333 affected individuals (cases) and 15,056 controls and followed up the top association signals in 15,694 cases, 14,026 controls and 414 parent-offspring trios. We identified 30 new susceptibility loci meeting genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10⁻⁸). A series of in silico analyses highlighted particular genes within these loci and, together with manual curation, implicated functionally interesting candidate genes including SMAD3, ERAP2, IL10, IL2RA, TYK2, FUT2, DNMT3A, DENND1B, BACH2 and TAGAP. Combined with previously confirmed loci, these results identify 71 distinct loci with genome-wide significant evidence for association with Crohn's disease.
|
|
| 20. |
- Green, Richard E., et al.
(författare)
-
Three crocodilian genomes reveal ancestral patterns of evolution among archosaurs
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 346:6215, s. 1335-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To provide context for the diversification of archosaurs-the group that includes crocodilians, dinosaurs, and birds-we generated draft genomes of three crocodilians: Alligator mississippiensis (the American alligator), Crocodylus porosus (the saltwater crocodile), and Gavialis gangeticus (the Indian gharial). We observed an exceptionally slow rate of genome evolution within crocodilians at all levels, including nucleotide substitutions, indels, transposable element content and movement, gene family evolution, and chromosomal synteny. When placed within the context of related taxa including birds and turtles, this suggests that the common ancestor of all of these taxa also exhibited slow genome evolution and that the comparatively rapid evolution is derived in birds. The data also provided the opportunity to analyze heterozygosity in crocodilians, which indicates a likely reduction in population size for all three taxa through the Pleistocene. Finally, these data combined with newly published bird genomes allowed us to reconstruct the partial genome of the common ancestor of archosaurs, thereby providing a tool to investigate the genetic starting material of crocodilians, birds, and dinosaurs.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Jarvis, Erich D., et al.
(författare)
-
Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 346:6215, s. 1320-1331
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To better determine the history of modern birds, we performed a genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of 48 species representing all orders of Neoaves using phylogenomic methods created to handle genome-scale data. We recovered a highly resolved tree that confirms previously controversial sister or close relationships. We identified the first divergence in Neoaves, two groups we named Passerea and Columbea, representing independent lineages of diverse and convergently evolved land and water bird species. Among Passerea, we infer the common ancestor of core landbirds to have been an apex predator and confirm independent gains of vocal learning. Among Columbea, we identify pigeons and flamingoes as belonging to sister clades. Even with whole genomes, some of the earliest branches in Neoaves proved challenging to resolve, which was best explained by massive protein-coding sequence convergence and high levels of incomplete lineage sorting that occurred during a rapid radiation after the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event about 66 million years ago.
|
|
| 24. |
- Li, Dalin, et al.
(författare)
-
A Pleiotropic Missense Variant in SLC39A8 Is Associated With Crohn's Disease and Human Gut Microbiome Composition
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Saunders Elsevier. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 151:4, s. 724-732
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: Genome-wide association studies have identified 200 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) loci, but the genetic architecture of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis remain incompletely defined. Here, we aimed to identify novel associations between IBD and functional genetic variants using the Illumina ExomeChip (San Diego, CA).Methods: Genotyping was performed in 10,523 IBD cases and 5726 non-IBD controls. There were 91,713 functional single-nucleotide polymorphism loci in coding regions analyzed. A novel identified association was replicated further in 2 independent cohorts. We further examined the association of the identified single-nucleotide polymorphism with microbiota from 338 mucosal lavage samples in the Mucosal Luminal Interface cohort measured using 16S sequencing.Results: We identified an association between CD and a missense variant encoding alanine or threonine at position 391 in the zinc transporter solute carrier family 39, member 8 protein (SLC39A8 alanine 391 threonine, rs13107325) and replicated the association with CD in 2 replication cohorts (combined meta-analysis P = 5.55 × 10(-13)). This variant has been associated previously with distinct phenotypes including obesity, lipid levels, blood pressure, and schizophrenia. We subsequently determined that the CD risk allele was associated with altered colonic mucosal microbiome composition in both healthy controls (P = .009) and CD cases (P = .0009). Moreover, microbes depleted in healthy carriers strongly overlap with those reduced in CD patients (P = 9.24 × 10(-16)) and overweight individuals (P = 6.73 × 10(-16)).Conclusions: Our results suggest that an SLC39A8-dependent shift in the gut microbiome could explain its pleiotropic effects on multiple complex diseases including CD.
|
|
| 25. |
- Lundgren, Markus, et al.
(författare)
-
Analgesic antipyretic use among young children in the TEDDY study : No association with islet autoimmunity
- 2017
-
Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 17:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The use of analgesic antipyretics (ANAP) in children have long been a matter of controversy. Data on their practical use on an individual level has, however, been scarce. There are indications of possible effects on glucose homeostasis and immune function related to the use of ANAP. The aim of this study was to analyze patterns of analgesic antipyretic use across the clinical centers of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) prospective cohort study and test if ANAP use was a risk factor for islet autoimmunity. Methods: Data were collected for 8542 children in the first 2.5 years of life. Incidence was analyzed using logistic regression with country and first child status as independent variables. Holm's procedure was used to adjust for multiplicity of intercountry comparisons. Time to autoantibody seroconversion was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model with cumulative analgesic use as primary time dependent covariate of interest. For each categorization, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used. Results: Higher prevalence of ANAP use was found in the U.S. (95.7%) and Sweden (94.8%) compared to Finland (78.1%) and Germany (80.2%). First-born children were more commonly given acetaminophen (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.07, 1.49; p = 0.007) but less commonly Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78, 0.95; p = 0.002). Acetaminophen and NSAID use in the absence of fever and infection was more prevalent in the U.S. (40.4%; 26.3% of doses) compared to Sweden, Finland and Germany (p < 0.001). Acetaminophen or NSAID use before age 2.5 years did not predict development of islet autoimmunity by age 6 years (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.09; p = 0.27). In a sub-analysis, acetaminophen use in children with fever weakly predicted development of islet autoimmunity by age 3 years (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.09; p = 0.024). Conclusions: ANAP use in young children is not a risk factor for seroconversion by age 6 years. Use of ANAP is widespread in young children, and significantly higher in the U.S. compared to other study sites, where use is common also in absence of fever and infection.
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Whittle, Thomas A., et al.
(författare)
-
Tailoring phase transition temperatures in perovskites via A-site vacancy generation
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 46:22, s. 7253-7260
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structures across the Sr0.8Ti0.6-xZrxNb0.4O3, 0 <= x <= 0.6, defect perovskite series were investigated using complementary synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data. The locations of second order compositional and temperature dependent phase transitions between the high symmetry cubic Pm (3) over barm phase and the lower symmetry tetragonal I4/mcm phase were determined. Deviation of the oxygen x coordinate from the high symmetry value and the B-O-B bond angle from 180 degrees as well as the tetragonal strain squared were each found to be suitable order parameters to monitor the transitions. Tolerance factor calculations confirmed that these A-site deficient perovskites retain a higher symmetry to a lower value than their fully occupied counterparts. Therefore, adjusting vacancy concentrations can be employed as a general strategy to design compounds with specifically tailored phase transition temperatures.
|
|
| 29. |
- Wightman, D. P., et al.
(författare)
-
A genome-wide association study with 1,126,563 individuals identifies new risk loci for Alzheimer’s disease
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 53:9, s. 1276-1282
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease is a prevalent age-related polygenic disease that accounts for 50–70% of dementia cases. Currently, only a fraction of the genetic variants underlying Alzheimer’s disease have been identified. Here we show that increased sample sizes allowed identification of seven previously unidentified genetic loci contributing to Alzheimer’s disease. This study highlights microglia, immune cells and protein catabolism as relevant to late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, while identifying and prioritizing previously unidentified genes of potential interest. We anticipate that these results can be included in larger meta-analyses of Alzheimer’s disease to identify further genetic variants that contribute to Alzheimer’s pathology.
|
|
| 30. |
- B. Brant Carvalho, Paulo H., et al.
(författare)
-
Structural investigation of three distinct amorphous forms of Ar hydrate
- 2021
-
Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 11:49, s. 30744-30754
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three amorphous forms of Ar hydrate were produced using the crystalline clathrate hydrate Ar·6.5H2O (structure II, Fd3m, a ≈ 17.1 Å) as a precursor and structurally characterized by a combination of isotope substitution (36Ar) neutron diffraction and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The first form followed from the pressure-induced amorphization of the precursor at 1.5 GPa at 95 K and the second from isobaric annealing at 2 GPa and subsequent cooling back to 95 K. In analogy to amorphous ice, these amorphs are termed high-density amorphous (HDA) and very-high-density amorphous (VHDA), respectively. The third amorph (recovered amorphous, RA) was obtained when recovering VHDA to ambient pressure (at 95 K). The three amorphs have distinctly different structures. In HDA the distinction of the original two crystallographically different Ar guests is maintained as differently dense Ar–water hydration structures, which expresses itself in a split first diffraction peak in the neutron structure factor function. Relaxation of the local water structure during annealing produces a homogeneous hydration environment around Ar, which is accompanied with a densification by about 3%. Upon pressure release the homogeneous amorphous structure undergoes expansion by about 21%. Both VHDA and RA can be considered frozen solutions of immiscible Ar and water in which in average 15 and 11 water molecules, respectively, coordinate Ar out to 4 Å. The local water structures of HDA and VHDA Ar hydrates show some analogy to those of the corresponding amorphous ices, featuring H2O molecules in 5- and 6-fold coordination with neighboring molecules. However, they are considerably less dense. Most similarity is seen between RA and low density amorphous ice (LDA), which both feature strictly 4-coordinated H2O networks. It is inferred that, depending on the kind of clathrate structure and occupancy of cages, amorphous states produced from clathrate hydrates display variable local water structures.
|
|
| 31. |
- Blidberg, Andreas, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
Monitoring LixFeSO4F (x = 1, 0.5, 0) Phase Distributions in Operando To Determine Reaction Homogeneity in Porous Battery Electrodes
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society. - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 29:17, s. 7159-7169
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing the energy and power density simultaneously remains a major challenge for improving electrochemical energy storage devices such as Li-ion batteries. Understanding the underlying processes in operating electrodes is decisive to improve their performance. Here, an extension of an in operando X-ray diffraction technique is presented, wherein monitoring the degree of coexistence between crystalline phases in multiphase systems is used to investigate reaction homogeneity in Li-ion batteries. Thereby, a less complicated experimental setup using commercially available laboratory equipment could be employed. By making use of the intrinsic structural properties of tavorite type LiFeSO4F, a promising cathode material for Li-ion batteries, new insights into its nonequilibrium behavior are gained. Differences in the reaction mechanism upon charge and discharge are shown; the influence of adequate electronic wiring for the cycling stability is demonstrated, and the effect of solid state transport on rate performance is highlighted. The methodology is an alternative and complementary approach to the expensive and demanding techniques commonly employed for time-resolved studies of structural changes in operating battery electrodes. The multiphase behavior of LiFeSO4F is commonly observed for other insertion type electrode materials, making the methodology transferable to other new energy storage materials. By expanding the possibilities for investigating complex processes in operating batteries to a larger community, faster progress in both electrode development and fundamental material research can be realized.
|
|
| 32. |
- Boras, Dominik, et al.
(författare)
-
Determining internal porosity in Prussian blue analogue cathode materials using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - : Springer Nature. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 58:42, s. 16344-16356
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prussian blue analogues (PBAs), AxM[M’(CN)6]1–y·zH2O, are a highly functional class of materials with use in a broad range of applications, such as energy storage, due to their porous structure and tunable composition. The porosity is particularly important for the properties and is deeply coupled to the cation, water, and [M’(CN)6]n– vacancy content. Determining internal porosity is especially challenging because the three compositional parameters are dependent on each other. In this work, we apply a new method, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), which can be employed for the characterization of defects and structural changes in crystalline materials. Four samples were prepared to evaluate the method’s ability to detect changes in internal porosity as a function of the cation, water, and [M’(CN)6]n– vacancy content. Three of the samples have identical [M’(CN)6]n– vacancy content and gradually decreasing sodium and water content, while one sample has no sodium and 25% [M’(CN)6]n– vacancies. The samples were thoroughly characterized using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Mössbauer spectroscopy as well as applying the PALS method. Mössbauer spectroscopy, XRD, and TGA analysis revealed the sample compositions Na1.8(2)Fe2+0.64(6)Fe2.6+0.36(10)[Fe2+(CN)6]·2.09(2)H2O, Na1.1(2)Fe2+0.24(6)Fe2.8+0.76(6)[Fe2.3+(CN)6]·1.57(1)H2O, Fe[Fe(CN)6]·0.807(9)H2O, and Fe[Fe(CN)6]0.75·1.5H2O, confirming the absence of vacancies in the three main samples. It was shown that the final composition of PBAs could only be unambiguously confirmed through the combination of ICP, XRD, TGA, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Two positron lifetimes of 205 and 405 ps were observed with the 205 ps lifetime being independent of the sodium, water, and/or [Fe(CN)6]n– vacancy content, while the lifetime around 405 ps changes with varying sodium and water content. However, the origin and nature of the 405 ps lifetime yet remains unclear. The method shows promise for characterizing changes in the internal porosity in PBAs as a function of the composition and further development work needs to be carried out to ensure the applicability to PBAs generally.
|
|
| 33. |
- Brant, Luisa C. C., et al.
(författare)
-
Association Between Electrocardiographic Age and Cardiovascular Events in Community Settings : The Framingham Heart Study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1941-7713 .- 1941-7705. ; 16:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Deep neural networks have been used to estimate age from ECGs, the electrocardiographic age (ECG-age), which predicts adverse outcomes. However, this prediction ability has been restricted to clinical settings or relatively short periods. We hypothesized that ECG-age is associated with death and cardiovascular outcomes in the long-standing community-based FHS (Framingham Heart Study).METHODS: We tested the association of ECG-age with chronological age in the FHS cohorts in ECGs from 1986 to 2021. We calculated the gap between chronological and ECG-age (& UDelta;age) and classified individuals as having normal, accelerated, or decelerated aging, if & UDelta;age was within, higher, or lower than the mean absolute error of the model, respectively. We assessed the associations of & UDelta;age, accelerated and decelerated aging with death or cardiovascular outcomes (atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, and heart failure) using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, and clinical factors.RESULTS:The study population included 9877 FHS participants (mean age, 55 & PLUSMN;13 years; 54.9% women) with 34 948 ECGs. ECG-age was correlated to chronological age (r=0.81; mean absolute error, 9 & PLUSMN;7 years). After 17 & PLUSMN;8 years of follow-up, every 10-year increase of & UDelta;age was associated with 18% increase in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.18 [95% CI, 1.12-1.23]), 23% increase in atrial fibrillation risk (HR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.17-1.29]), 14% increase in myocardial infarction risk (HR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.05-1.23]), and 40% increase in heart failure risk (HR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.30-1.52]), in multivariable models. In addition, accelerated aging was associated with a 28% increase in all-cause mortality (HR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.14-1.45]), whereas decelerated aging was associated with a 16% decrease (HR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.74-0.95]).CONCLUSIONS:ECG-age was highly correlated with chronological age in FHS. The difference between ECG-age and chronological age was associated with death, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure. Given the wide availability and low cost of ECG, ECG-age could be a scalable biomarker of cardiovascular risk.
|
|
| 34. |
- Brant, William R, et al.
(författare)
-
A large format in operando wound cell for analysing the structural dynamics of lithium insertion materials
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753 .- 1873-2755. ; 336, s. 279-285
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a large wound cell for in operando neutron diffraction (ND) from which high quality diffraction patterns are collected every 15 min while maintaining conventional electrochemical performance. Under in operando data collection conditions the oxygen atomic displacement parameters (ADPs) and cell parameters were extracted for Li0.18Sr0.66Ti0.5Nb0.5O3. Analysis of diffraction data collected under in situ conditions revealed that the lithium is located on the (0.5 0.5 0) site, corresponding to the 3c Wyckoff position in the cubic perovskite unit cell, after the cell is discharged to I V. When the cell is discharged under potentiostatic conditions the quantity of lithium on this site increases, indicating a potential position where lithium becomes pinned in the thermodynamically stable phase. During this potentiostatic step the oxygen ADPs reduce significantly. On discharge, however, the oxygen ADPs were observed to increase gradually as more lithium is inserted into the structure. Finally, the rate of unit cell expansion changed by similar to 44% once the lithium content approached similar to 0.17 Li per formula unit. A link between lithium content and degree of mobility, disorder of the oxygen positions and changing rate of unit cell expansion at various stages during lithium insertion and extraction is thus presented.
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Brant, William R., et al.
(författare)
-
In Operando X-ray and Neutron Diffraction for Lithium Ion Batteries
- 2017
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To find new materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) or to improve existing materials is a huge field of research. The positive electrode material in these devices is a bottleneck for increasing the energy density for the LIB and numerous oxides, phosphates, and silicates based on transition metals have been suggested. The crystallinity, chemical composition and structure of the bulk and the surface of a potential material are some important parameters influencing battery performance. In this presentation, we will show some examples of iron and Mn/Ni based cathode materials, and how in operando X-ray and neutron diffraction results have contributed to the understanding of how these materials function in batteries. In operando X-ray and neutron diffraction are extremely powerful techniques for investigating reaction mechanisms in battery materials in general. To date, the vast majority of these experiments have been performed using synchrotron X-ray diffraction, predominantly due to the fast data collection times possible. Is it so that synchrotron based X-ray diffraction always is the best choice? We will discuss this and show why in house in operando diffraction still is powerful. In operando neutron diffraction experiments are becoming increasingly popular due to a range of new cell designs increasing the accessibility of the technique [1], [2]. This presentation will discuss two different approaches to in operando neutron diffraction: a larger format wound cell and a cheaper modified a coin type cell. The wound cell design contains a large quantity of active material (up to 4 g) enabling high quality diffraction patterns to be collected down to small d-spacings. When used to investigate the positive electrode material LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4, reflections arising from Mn/Ni ordering could be observed to change during battery cycling. The modified coin cell design utilizes a completely different approach to in operando neutron diffraction experiments. The modified coin cells contain a large quantity of active material (~300-400 mg) to a much smaller amount of electrolyte (~10‑50 μL), separator and lithium metal. The smaller volume of electrolyte is particularly vital as it substantially reduces the cost of the experiment, as deuteration may no longer be necessary. The modified coin cell exhibited favourable electrochemistry when cycled at C/12 and enabled unit cell and phase fraction information to be extracted from in operando data collection conditions (5-15 min data sets). [1] M. Bianchini, E. Suard, L. Croguennec, C. Masquelier, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2014, 118, 25947. [2] R. Petibon, J. Li, N. Sharma, W.K. Pang, V.K. Peterson, J.R. Dahn, Electrochim. Acta, 2015, 174, 417.
|
|
| 37. |
- Brant, William R., et al.
(författare)
-
Local structure transformations promoting high lithium diffusion in defect perovskite type structures
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 441
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Defect perovskites, AxBO3 such as (Li3xLa2/3-x)TiO3, are attracting attention as high capacity electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. However, the mechanism enabling high lithium storage capacities has not been fully investigated. In this work, the reversible insertion and removal of lithium up to an average A-site cavity occupancy of 1.71 in the defect perovskite (Li0.18Sr0.66)(Ti0.5Nb0.5)O3 is investigated. It was shown that subtle lithium reorganization during lithiation has a significant impact on enabling high capacity. Contrary to previous studies, lithium was coordinated to triangular faces of Ti/Nb oxygen octahedra and offset from O4 windows between A-site cavities in the as-synthesised material. Upon electrochemical lithiation Li-Li repulsion redistributes of all the lithium towards the O4 window position resulting in a loss of lithium mobility. Surprisingly, the mobility is regained during over-lithiation and following multiple electrochemical cycles. It is suggested that lithium reorganisation into the center of the O4 window alleviates the Li-Li repulsion and modifies the diffusion behavior from site percolation to bond percolation. The results obtained provide valuable insight into the chemical drivers enabling higher capacities and enhanced diffusion in defect perovskites. More broadly the study delivers fundamental understanding on the non-equilibrium structural transformations occurring within electrode materials during repeated electrochemical cycles.
|
|
| 38. |
- Brant, William R., et al.
(författare)
-
Rapid Lithium Insertion and Location of Mobile Lithium in the Defect Perovskite Li0.18Sr0.66Ti0.5Nb0.5O3
- 2012
-
Ingår i: ChemPhysChem. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1439-4235 .- 1439-7641. ; 13:9, s. 2293-2296
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fast and fancy: Lithium that was originally disordered within the structure of the perovskite Li0.18Sr0.66Ti0.5Nb0.5O3 can be induced into ordering within the yellow region of the unit cell by low temperatures and treatment with n-butyl-lithium. The fast kinetics of lithium insertion, in connection with a color change, make this nontoxic, air-stable material a suitable candidate for use in electrochromic systems or lithium-storage batteries.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
- Chen, Heyin, et al.
(författare)
-
Investigating Surface Reactivity of a Ni-Rich Cathode Material toward CO2, H2O, and O2 Using Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
- 2023
-
Ingår i: ACS Applied Energy Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2574-0962. ; 6:22, s. 11458-11467
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Layered Ni-rich transition metal oxide materials are considered the most promising cathodes for use in commercial Li-ion batteries. Due to their instability in air, an impurity layer forms during storage under ambient conditions, and this layer increases electrochemical polarization during charging and discharging, which ultimately leads to a lower cycling capacity. In this work, we found that storage of the LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC 811) material in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) can restore the surface by reducing the amount of native carbonate species in the impurity layer. In this work, in situ soft X-ray ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy is used to directly follow the interaction between common gases found in air and the NMC 811 surface. During gas exposure of the NMC 811 surface to pure CO2, O2, and a mixture of both pure gases, surface-adsorbed CO2 or/and O2 were detected; however, permanent changes could not be identified under UHV after the gas exposure. In contrast, a permanent increase in metal hydroxide species was observed on the sample surface following H2O vapor exposure, and an increased intensity in the carboxylate peak was observed after exposure to a mixture of CO2/O2/H2O. Thus, the irreversible degradation reaction with CO2 is triggered in the presence of H2O (on relevant time scales defined by the experiment). Additional measurements revealed that X-ray irradiation induces the formation of metal carbonate species on the NMC 811 surface under CO2 and H2O vapor pressure.
|
|
| 41. |
- Chien, Yu-Chuan, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of Compression on the Electrochemical Performance of the Sulfur/Carbon Composite Electrode in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Batteries & Supercaps. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 2566-6223. ; 5:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While lithium-sulfur batteries theoretically have both high gravimetric specific energy and volumetric energy density, only its specific energy has been experimentally demonstrated to surpass that of the state-of-the-art lithium-ion systems at cell level. One major reason for the unrealized energy density is the low capacity density of the highly porous sulfur/carbon composite as the positive electrode. In this work, mechanical compression at elevated temperature is demonstrated to be an effective method to increase the capacity density of the electrode by at least 90 % and moreover extends its cycle life. Distinct impacts of compression on the resistance profiles of electrodes with different thickness are investigated by tortuosity factors derived from both electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X-ray computed tomography and kinetic analysis based on operando X-ray diffraction. The results highlights the importance of a homogeneous electrode structure highlight lithium-sulfur system.
|
|
| 42. |
- Chien, Yu-Chuan, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
-
Rapid determination of solid-state diffusion coefficients in Li-based batteries via intermittent current interruption method
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) is considered the go-to method for determining the Li+ diffusion coefficients in insertion electrode materials. However, GITT-based methods are either time-consuming, prone to analysis pitfalls or require sophisticated interpretation models. Here, we propose the intermittent current interruption (ICI) method as a reliable, accurate and faster alternative to GITT-based methods. Using Fick’s laws, we prove that the ICI method renders the same information as the GITT within a certain duration of time since the current interruption. Via experimental measurements, we also demonstrate that the results from ICI and GITT methods match where the assumption of semi-infinite diffusion applies. Moreover, the benefit of the non-disruptive ICI method to operando materials characterization is exhibited by correlating the continuously monitored diffusion coefficient of Li+ in a LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2-based electrode to its structural changes captured by operando X-ray diffraction measurements.
|
|
| 43. |
- Cladek, Bernadette R., et al.
(författare)
-
In situ inelastic neutron scattering of mixed CH4–CO2 hydrates
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Fuel. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-2361 .- 1873-7153. ; 327
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An abundant source of CH4 can be found in natural hydrate deposits. Recent demonstration of CH4 recovery from hydrates via CO2 exchange has revealed the potential as a fuel source that also provides a medium for carbon sequestration. It is vital to understand the structural and dynamic impacts of guest variation in CH4, CO2, and mixed hydrates and link the results to the stability of various deposits in nature, harvesting methane, and sequestering CO2. Molecular vibrations are examined in CH4, CO2, and mixed CH4-CO2 hydrates at 5 and 190 K and Xe hydrates for comparison. Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) is an ideal spectroscopy technique to observe the dynamic modes in the hydrate structure and enclathrated CH4, as it is extremely sensitive to 1H. The presence of CO2 in hydrates tightens the lattice. It introduces more active librational modes to the host lattice, while hindering the motion of CH4 in mixed CH4-CO2 hydrate at 5 K. At 190 K, a large broadening of the CH4 librational modes indicates disorder in the structure leading to dissociation.
|
|
| 44. |
- Danko, I, et al.
(författare)
-
Collective and broken pair states of Ga-65,Ga-67
- 1999
-
Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW C-NUCLEAR PHYSICS. - : AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC. - 0556-2813. ; 59:4, s. 1956-1974
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Excited states of Ga-65 and Ga-67 nuclei were populated through the C-12(Ni-58,alpha p) and C-12(Ni-58,3p) reactions, respectively, and investigated by in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopic methods. The NORDBALL array equipped with a charged particle ball and 1
|
|
| 45. |
- Gustafsson, Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
Design and Operation of an Operando Synchrotron Diffraction Cell Enabling Fast Cycling of Battery Materials
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Batteries & Supercaps. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2566-6223. ; 4:10, s. 1599-1604
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Operation of a battery typically involves dynamic and non-equilibrium processes, making real time operando techniques crucial for understanding their nature. Operando X-ray diffraction is an important technique for investigating metastable intermediates and non-equilibrium phase transitions in crystalline electrode materials. Currently employed experimental setups often apply a disruptive approach to cell design, whereby the integrity of standard electrochemical cells is compromised to facilitate collection of high-quality diffraction data. Here, we present a non-disruptive approach to adapting the use of a standard pouch cell that enables fast and long-term cell cycling. Suitability of the setup is demonstrated on the well-studied cathode material LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. While exhibiting comparable electrochemical behavior to a standard pouch cell up to a current rate of 8 C (∼6.6 mA cm−2), phase transitions could be monitored accurately. Thus, the cell provides a new alternative to investigating non-equilibrium transitions and long-term aging effects in battery materials.
|
|
| 46. |
- Heintz, Mads C., et al.
(författare)
-
Photovoltaic Wafering Silicon Kerf Loss as Raw Material : Example of Negative Electrode for Lithium‐Ion Battery
- 2023
-
Ingår i: ChemElectroChem. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 2196-0216. ; 10:19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silicon powder kerf loss from diamond wire sawing in the photovoltaic wafering industry is a highly appealing source material for use in lithium-ion battery negative electrodes. Here, it is demonstrated for the first time that the kerf particles from three independent sources contain ~50 % amorphous silicon. The crystalline phase is in the shape of nano-scale crystalline inclusions in an amorphous matrix. From literature on wafering technology looking at wafer quality, the origin and mechanisms responsible for the amorphous content in the kerf loss powder are explained. In order to better understand for which applications the material could be a valuable raw material, the amorphicity and other relevant features are thoroughly investigated by a large amount of experimental methods. Furthermore, the kerf powder was crystallized and compared to the partly amorphous sample by operando X-ray powder diffraction experiments during battery cycling, demonstrating that the powders are relevant for further investigation and development for battery applications.
|
|
| 47. |
- Jarvis, Erich D., et al.
(författare)
-
Phylogenomic analyses data of the avian phylogenomics project
- 2015
-
Ingår i: GigaScience. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-217X. ; 4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Determining the evolutionary relationships among the major lineages of extant birds has been one of the biggest challenges in systematic biology. To address this challenge, we assembled or collected the genomes of 48 avian species spanning most orders of birds, including all Neognathae and two of the five Palaeognathae orders. We used these genomes to construct a genome-scale avian phylogenetic tree and perform comparative genomic analyses. Findings: Here we present the datasets associated with the phylogenomic analyses, which include sequence alignment files consisting of nucleotides, amino acids, indels, and transposable elements, as well as tree files containing gene trees and species trees. Inferring an accurate phylogeny required generating: 1) A well annotated data set across species based on genome synteny; 2) Alignments with unaligned or incorrectly overaligned sequences filtered out; and 3) Diverse data sets, including genes and their inferred trees, indels, and transposable elements. Our total evidence nucleotide tree (TENT) data set (consisting of exons, introns, and UCEs) gave what we consider our most reliable species tree when using the concatenation-based ExaML algorithm or when using statistical binning with the coalescence-based MP-EST algorithm (which we refer to as MP-EST*). Other data sets, such as the coding sequence of some exons, revealed other properties of genome evolution, namely convergence. Conclusions: The Avian Phylogenomics Project is the largest vertebrate phylogenomics project to date that we are aware of. The sequence, alignment, and tree data are expected to accelerate analyses in phylogenomics and other related areas.
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
- Lavén, Rasmus, 1994, et al.
(författare)
-
Vibrational properties of SrVO2 H with large spin-phonon coupling
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Materials. - 2475-9953. ; 6:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The antiferromagnetic transition metal oxyhydride SrVO2H is distinguished by its stoichiometric composition and an ordered arrangement of H atoms. The tetragonal structure is related to the cubic perovskite and consists of alternating layers of VO2 and SrH. d2 V(III) attains a sixfold coordination by four O and two H atoms. The latter are arranged in a trans fashion, which produces H-V-H chains along the tetragonal axis. Here, we investigate the vibrational properties of SrVO2H by inelastic neutron scattering and infrared spectroscopy combined with phonon calculations based on density functional theory. The H-based vibrational modes divide into a degenerate bending motion perpendicular to the H-V-H chain direction and a highly dispersed stretching motion along the H-V-H chain direction. The bending motion, with a vibrational frequency of approximately 800 cm-1, is split into two components separated by about 50 cm-1, owing to the doubled unit cell from the antiferromagnetic structure. Interestingly, spin-phonon coupling stiffens the H-based modes by 50-100cm-1 although super-exchange coupling via H is very small. Frequency shifts of the same order of magnitude also occur for V-O modes. It is inferred that SrVO2H displays the hitherto largest recognized coupling between magnetism and phonons in a material.
|
|
| 50. |
- Lee, Hye-Seung, et al.
(författare)
-
Biomarker discovery study design for type 1 diabetes in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Diabetes/Metabolism Research & Reviews. - : Wiley. - 1520-7552. ; 30:5, s. 424-434
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young planned biomarker discovery studies on longitudinal samples for persistent confirmed islet cell autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes using dietary biomarkers, metabolomics, microbiome/viral metagenomics and gene expression. Methods This article describes the details of planning The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young biomarker discovery studies using a nested case-control design that was chosen as an alternative to the full cohort analysis. In the frame of a nested case-control design, it guides the choice of matching factors, selection of controls, preparation of external quality control samples and reduction of batch effects along with proper sample allocation. Results and conclusion Our design is to reduce potential bias and retain study power while reducing the costs by limiting the numbers of samples requiring laboratory analyses. It also covers two primary end points (the occurrence of diabetes-related autoantibodies and the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes). The resulting list of case-control matched samples for each laboratory was augmented with external quality control samples. Copyright (C) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
|
