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- Bratland-Sanda, S., et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity in treatment units for eating disorders : Clinical practice and attitudes
- 2009
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Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 14:2-3, s. E106-E112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Physical activity (PA) in eating disorders (ED) may be harmful, but in a therapeutic setting also beneficial. The purpose of this survey was to examine these contradictory aspects of PA in ED specialist treatment settings. We examined whether 1) PA is assessed by the unit, 2) the units have guidelines for managing excessive PA, 3) the units have staff with higher education and special competence in PA and exercise science, 4) how units regard PA in ED, 5) whether regular PA is integrated in the treatment programs, and 6) how the units rate the role of PA in the treatment of ED compared with other mental disorders. METHODS: Of the 49 units located in Scandinavia and the United Kingdom, 41 (84%) responded to a questionnaire. RESULTS: In 28 units (68%) PA was assessed regularly. Excessive PA was considered a harmful symptom in ED, and most units reported guidelines to manage excessive PA. Thirty-two units included PA in their treatment programmes. Clinicians found PA most relevant in the treatment of obesity and, except for binge eating, less for ED. CONCLUSION: PA was more commonly integrated in treatment compared to previous studies. Future research should address how to manage excessive PA, and the potential beneficial role of PA in the treatment of ED. (Eating Weight Disord. 14: e106-e112, 2009). (C) 2009, Editrice Kurtis
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- Bruserud, Oyvind, et al.
(författare)
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A Longitudinal Follow-up of Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 101:8, s. 2975-2983
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) is a childhood-onset monogenic disease defined by the presence of two of the three major components: hypoparathyroidism, primary adrenocortical insufficiency, and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). Information on longitudinal follow-up of APS1 is sparse. Objective: To describe the phenotypes of APS1 and correlate the clinical features with autoantibody profiles and autoimmune regulator (AIRE) mutations during extended follow-up (1996-2016). Patients: All known Norwegian patients with APS1. Results: Fifty-two patients from 34 families were identified. The majority presented with one of the major disease components during childhood. Enamel hypoplasia, hypoparathyroidism, and CMC were the most frequent components. With age, most patients presented three to five disease manifestations, although some had milder phenotypes diagnosed in adulthood. Fifteen of the patients died during follow-up (median age at death, 34 years) or were deceasedsiblingswithahighprobability of undisclosed APS1. All except three had interferon-omega) autoantibodies, and allhadorgan-specific autoantibodies. The most common AIRE mutation was c.967_979del13, found in homozygosity in 15 patients. A mild phenotype was associated with the splice mutation c.879+1G>A. Primary adrenocortical insufficiency and type 1 diabetes were associated with protective human leucocyte antigen genotypes. Conclusions: Multiple presumable autoimmune manifestations, in particular hypoparathyroidism, CMC, and enamel hypoplasia, should prompt further diagnostic workup using autoantibody analyses (eg, interferon-omega) and AIRE sequencing to reveal APS1, even in adults. Treatment is complicated, and mortality is high. Structured follow-up should be performed in a specialized center.
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- Goldfarb, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanistic dissection of dominant AIRE mutations in mouse models reveals AIRE autoregulation
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Journal of experimental medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-9538 .- 0022-1007. ; 218:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) is essential for the establishment of central tolerance and prevention of autoimmunity. Interestingly, different AIRE mutations cause autoimmunity in either recessive or dominant-negative manners. Using engineered mouse models, we establish that some monoallelic mutants, including C311Y and C446G, cause breakdown of central tolerance. By using RNAseq, ATACseq, ChIPseq, and protein analyses, we dissect the underlying mechanisms for their dominancy. Specifically, we show that recessive mutations result in a lack of AIRE protein expression, while the dominant mutations in both PHD domains augment the expression of dysfunctional AIRE with altered capacity to bind chromatin and induce gene expression. Finally, we demonstrate that enhanced AIRE expression is partially due to increased chromatin accessibility of the AIRE proximal enhancer, which serves as a docking site for AIRE binding. Therefore, our data not only elucidate why some AIRE mutations are recessive while others dominant, but also identify an autoregulatory mechanism by which AIRE negatively modulates its own expression.
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- Oftedal, Bergithe E, et al.
(författare)
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Radioimmunoassay for autoantibodies against interferon omega; its use in the diagnosis of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1521-6616 .- 1521-7035. ; 129:1, s. 163-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with the autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome I (APS I) have high titers of neutralizing IgG autoantibodies against type I interferons (IFNs), in particular IFN-omega. Until now, the most specific assay has been the antiviral interferon neutralizing assay (AVINA), which has the drawbacks of requiring a cytolytic virus, being cumbersome and difficult to standardise. We have developed a fast and reliable immunoassay based on radiolabelled IFN-omega for quantifying anti-IFN-omega antibodies. Sera from 48 APS I patients were analysed together with those from 5 control groups. All sera from APS I patients were positive for anti-IFN-omega, while, except one serum, all sera from the controls were negative. This method has the advantage over bioassays that it is readily adapted to high throughput. It provides an alternative, sensitive and specific diagnostic test for APS I, and an ideal screening tool to precede mutational analyses of the AIRE gene in suspected APS I cases.
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- Sundgot-Borgen, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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The Norwegian healthy body image intervention promotes positive embodiment through improved self-esteem
- 2020
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Ingår i: Body image. - : Elsevier. - 1740-1445 .- 1873-6807. ; 35, s. 84-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined both direct and indirect effects of the Healthy Body Image (HBI) intervention on positive embodiment among Norwegian high school students. In total, 2446 12th grade boys (43 %) and girls (mean age 16.8 years) from 30 schools participated in a cluster-randomized controlled study with the HBI intervention and a control condition as the study arms. We tested mediation models using path analysis and found that among several hypothesized mediators, only self-esteem mediated a positive intervention effect on positive embodiment for both boys and girls. A direct effect of the intervention on positive embodiment was only found in girls. The study provides novel findings indicating that health promotion interventions to address a positive embodiment should focus on enhancing adolescent's selfesteem. Serial mediation modeling might reveal more complex explanations of change mechanisms and could further evolve current knowledge.
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