| 1. |
- Andersson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of Swedish and American smokeless tobacco extract on periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro
- 2006
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - : Swedish Dental Association. - 0347-9994. ; 30:3, s. 89-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Use of moist snuff is widespread in Sweden. In 2004 approximately 8oo,ooo Swedes were daily users which corresponds to 22% of the male population and 3% of the female population. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Swedish moist snuff extract on PDLfibroblast growth and hard tissue production and compare with moist snuff extract from USA. Periodontal ligament cells (PDL-cells) were obtained from 3 healthy subjects (1 female 14 years, 2 males 14 and 17 years) from the root surface of premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons. The cells were isolated from explants and grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FBS) and cultivated in 37 degrees C with 5% CO2 in air. Snuff extract in concentrations 0.3%, 1% and 3% (in DMEM with 1% FBS) was tested. Cells from each individual were tested three times, each time in triplicate. Photographs were taken at o and 24 hours with a digital camera and analysed in terms of growth and morphology. Then the cell suspension was frozen and later thawed for examination of the production of alkaline phosphatase after exposure to different snuff concentrations. This in vitro study has shown that PDL cells from 3 different subjects demonstrated a reduced number of cells at exposure to 3% of both Swedish and American snuff extract.The production of alkaline phosphatase after 2 hours was similarly reduced from cells exposed to 3% snuff extract. Further studies have to be made to understand the effect of smokeless tobacco on periodontal tissues. However, from this study can be concluded that smokeless tobacco has biological effects in terms of reduced PDL cell growth and production of alkaline phosphatase
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| 2. |
- Ericson, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Salivary IgA response to probiotic bacteria and mutans streptococci after the use of chewing gum containing Lactobacillus reuteri
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pathogens and Disease. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2049-632X. ; 68:3, s. 82-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated whether ingestion of probiotic bacteria could influence salivary IgA levels, specific anti-mutans streptococci IgA levels and specific antibodies towards the ingested probiotic bacterium. The study was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, where the test group (n = 11) received twice daily chewing of gum containing Lactobacillus reuteri (2 9 108 CFU per dose) and the control group (n = 12) received placebo. Resting saliva was collected before and after 12 weeks of treatment and 4 weeks after end of treatment. Total salivary IgA concentrations were measured by ELISA. Specific IgA reactivity was determined using a whole-cell ELISA. Results were expressed as % IgA per protein in saliva. The level of total IgA% per protein increased significantly between pretreatment levels (13.5%) and follow-up treatment levels (14.4%) within the test group only (P < 0.05). No changes were seen in the control group during the trial. The level of probiotic-reactive antibodies decreased significantly between pre- and post-treatment samples (from 12.2% to 9.0%, P < 0.05) in the test group. Similarly, the level of specific mutans streptococci antibodies decreased significantly between pre- and post-treatment samples (P < 0.05) in the test group only (for Streptococcus mutans from 20.1% to 15.0%; for Streptococcus sobrinus from 7.4% to 5.3%). Ingestion of probiotic bacteria might influence the adaptive immune response of the host.
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| 3. |
- Jansson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical consequences of IL-1 genotype on early implant failures in patients under periodontal maintenance
- 2005
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Ingår i: Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. - : BC Decker Inc. - 1523-0899 .- 1708-8208. ; 7:1, s. 51-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Implant failure and biologic complications such as periimplantitis are not completely avoidable. Are there any genetic and microbiologic parameters that could be used to identify patients at risk for implant failure, preferably prior to treatment? This would result in improvement of the diagnostics, treatment decision, and risk assessment. PURPOSE: The aims of this retrospective study were to describe (1) the absolute failure rate of Branemark System implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Goteborg, Sweden) consecutively installed over a 10-year period in partially edentulous patients treated for periodontal disease prior to implant treatment and under regular professional maintenance, (2) the rate of interleukin-1 (IL-1) polymorphism in those patients who experienced at least one implant failure during the first year of function, and (3) the prevalence of periodontal pathogens in dental and periimplant sites with and without signs of inflammation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Of 766 patients, 81 encountered at least one implant failure; 22 patients were clinically examined and were tested genetically for IL-1 genotypes. The presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella ni-grescens was analyzed. RESULTS: The absolute implant survival rate for the whole population was 95.32%; 10.57% of the patients encountered an implant loss. Implant loss in the examined group (n = 22) was 32 of 106 (30.1%); 10 (45%) of the 22 patients were smokers, and 6 (27%) of the 22 patients were IL-1 genotype positive. Patients positive for IL-1 genotype were not more prone to implant loss; however, a significant synergistic effect with smoking was demon-strated. Between patients who were IL-1 genotype positive and those who were IL-1 genotype negative, the differences in regard to bleeding on probing or periodontal pathogens did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The overall implant failure rate in a population treated and maintained for periodontal disease is similar to that of healthy subjects. A synergistic effect found between smoking and a positive IL-1 genotype resulted in a significantly higher implant loss. This indicates that further research with a larger patient group should focus on multifactorial analysis for adequate risk assessment.
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| 4. |
- Jansson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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The Microbial Outcome Observed with Polymerase Chain Reaction in Subjects with Recurrent Periodontal Disease following local treatment with 25% metronidazole gel
- 2004
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - : Swedish Dental Association. - 0347-9994. ; 28:2, s. 67-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial outcome in patients with recurrent periodontal disease following treatment with 25% metronidazole gel using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Twenty subjects in a maintenance care program but with recurrent periodontal disease participated. Three months after scaling and root planing a total of 40 sites, 2 in each patient, with pocket probing depth of > or = 5 mm were selected. One site randomly selected was treated with 25% metronidazole gel (test) and the other site with a placebo gel (control). A bacterial sample was collected on paperpoint from each test and control site at baseline and 12 weeks after treatment. The following pathogens were analysed and detected with PCR:Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) and Prevotella nigrescens (P.n.). At baseline, A.a., P.g. and P.n. were detected in 30, 60 and 70% of all test sites and in 32, 58 and 21% of all control sites. There was a statistically significant difference between the test and control sites for P.n. at baseline. The major difference after treatment with 25% metronidazole gel was the increase of positive control sites for P.g. and P.n. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the occurrence rate of A.a., P.g. and P.n. at test and control sites after treatment. This study has shown that 25% metronidazole gel treatment did not seem to influence the microbial outcome, when PCR was used to analyse the presence/absence of A.a., P.g. and P.n. in this group of subjects with recurrent periodontal disease.
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| 5. |
- Jonsson, D, et al.
(författare)
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Functional significance of female sex hormone receptors in the periodontium (Dublin)
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Several studies have addressed the association between changes in estrogen and progesterone levels and changes in parameters of periodontitis. The purpose of this project is to investigate the mechanisms by which estrogen influence structure and function of the periodontal ligament by affecting the properties of periodontal ligament cells (PDL cells). Methods: PDL cells were obtained from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. The cells were cultured from periodontal tissue explants and used in passages 3-5. Estrogen (ER) expression was investigated by immunocytochemistry. Subcellular distribution of ERβ was determined using mitotracker. Expression of mitochondrial proteins was done using Western blotting. DNA and collagen synthesis was measured using incorporation of radioactive isotopes. Cytokine expression was investigated using ELISA. Results: ERβ but not ERα immunoreactivity was observed in the PDL cells. Preliminary results show that ERβ is distributed not only in the nucleus but also in the mitochondria. To study the effect of mitochondrial ERβ we will investigate synthesis of mitochondrial proteins. Estrogen increased DNA synthesis in human breast cancer cells but had no effect on PDL cell DNA or collagen synthesis. Conclusion: Human PDL cells express ERβ suggesting that estrogen affects PDL cellular function via this ER subtype. Estrogen has no effect on DNA and collagen synthesis, showing that estrogen has no beneficial effect on the periodontium via this mechanism. Instead estrogen via ERβ acts on the periodontium via another still unknown mechanism, perhaps via mitochondrial function or regulatory effect on cytokines.
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| 6. |
- Jonsson, D, et al.
(författare)
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Functional significance of female sex hormone receptors in the periodontium (Madrid)
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden. Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Sweden. Introduction: Several studies have addressed the association between changes in estrogen and progesterone levels and changes in parameters of periodontitis. The purpose of this project is to investigate the mechanisms by which estrogen influence structure and function of the periodontal ligament by affecting the properties of periodontal ligament cells (PDL cells). Materials and methods: PDL cells were obtained from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. The cells were cultured from periodontal tissue explants and used in passages 3-5. Estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression was investigated by immunocytochemistry. Subcellular distribution of ERβ was determined using mitotracker, immunogoldlabeling and electronmicroscopy. DNA and collagen synthesis was measured using incorporation of radioactive isotopes. Results: ERβ but not ERα or PR immunoreactivity was observed in the PDL cells. Preliminary results show that ERβ is distributed not only in the nucleus but also in the mitochondria and cytosol. Estrogen increased DNA synthesis in human breast cancer cells but had no effect on PDL cell DNA or collagen synthesis. Conclusions: Human PDL cells express ERβ suggesting that estrogen affects PDL cellular function via this ER subtype. Estrogen has no effect on DNA and collagen synthesis, showing that estrogen has no beneficial effect on the periodontium via this mechanism. Instead estrogen via ERβ acts on the periodontium via another still unknown mechanism.
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| 7. |
- Jönsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Demonstration of mitochondrial oestrogen receptor beta and oestrogen-induced attenuation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I expression in human periodontal ligament cells.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Archives of Oral Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1506 .- 0003-9969. ; 52:7, s. 669-676
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells express oestrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) protein, but cellular functions regulated by ERbeta in these cells have not been identified. In this study we determine if ERbeta is localised to mitochondria and if oestrogen regulates mitochondrial function in human PDL cells obtained from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. DESIGN: Subcellular distribution of ERbeta was determined by confocal microscopy of cells co-stained with ERbeta antibody and the mitochondrion-selective probe MitoTracker and by immunogold electron microscopy. Expression of the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, involved in oxidative phosphorylation, was determined by Western blotting in cells treated with or without physiological concentrations of the endogenous oestrogen 17beta-oestradiol. RESULTS: ERbeta immunoreactivity was observed both in the nuclei and the cytoplasm. MitoTracker-labelling was observed in the cytoplasm, especially in the perinuclear region, but not in the nuclei. Co-localisation of ERbeta and MitoTracker was observed in cells derived from both male and female subjects. Mitochondrial localisation of ERbeta was confirmed by immunogold electron microscopy. Cells treated with or without 17beta-oestradiol (100 nM) displayed an identical pattern of staining for mitochondria. Treatment with 100 nM 17beta-oestradiol attenuated cytochrome c oxidase subunit I expression by about 30%, while combined treatment with 17beta-oestradiol and the ER blocker ICI 182780 (10 microM) had no effect. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates mitochondrial localisation of ERbeta and oestrogen-induced decrease in the expression of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I in human PDL cells, suggesting that oestrogen probably via ERbeta influences mitochondrial function and PDL cell energy
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| 8. |
- Jönsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Functional effects of estrogen in the periodontium
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Several studies have addressed the association between changes in the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone levels and changes in parameters of periodontitis. We have previously shown that periodontal ligament cells (PDL cells) express estrogen receptor β (ERβ) but not ERα immunoreactivity. The PDL cells express no immunoreactivity for progesterone receptors, suggesting that this cell-type is not affected by progesterone. Treatment with a physiological concentration of estrogen increases DNA synthesis in human breast cancer cells but has no effect on PDL cell DNA and collagen synthesis. The purpose of this project is to investigate the mechanisms by which estrogen influences structure and function of the periodontal ligament by affecting PDL cell functional properties. Methods: Human PDL cells were obtained from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. The cells were cultured from periodontal tissue explants and used in passages 3-5. Subcellular distribution of ERβ was determined by immunogold electron microscopy and confocal imagining using the mitochondrial selective probe MitoTracker and ERβ immunostaining. Expression of mitochondrial protein cytochrome c oxidase subunit I was investigated using Western blotting. The amount of IL-6 was determined by ELISA. Results: Confocal imaging revealed that ERβ immunoreactivity was distributed not only in the nucleus but also in the mitochondria. These results were confirmed using immunogold electron microscopy. Incubation with estrogen down-regulated the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase subunit I expression by about 30%, showing functional significance of mitochondrial ER. Preliminary data show that estrogen attenuates LPS induced IL-6 production in the PDL cells. Conclusion: Our data show that estrogen, preferably via ERβ, affects PDL cell functional properties, suggesting that estrogen and other ER specific ligands may modulate the periodontal tissue structure and function in health and disease.
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| 9. |
- Jönsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Functional effects of LPS and estrogen in the periodontium
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Several studies have addressed the association between changes in the female sex hormones estrogen levels and changes in parameters of periodontitis. Estrogen affects inflammatory conditions in different parts of the body, such as brain, cardiovascular system and in colon. The effects of LPS in PDL cell inflammatory versus normal physiological conditions are poorly mapped. The aim of the present study was to investigate how LPS affects PDL cell inflammatory versus normal physiological characteristics, and if the effect of LPS was reversed by estrogen. Methods: Human PDL cells were obtained from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. The cells were cultured from periodontal tissue explants and used in passages 3-5. The cells were treated with different concentrations of Escherichia coli LPS in the absence or presence of estrogen. Cytokine (IL-6 and CRP) and chemokine (MCP-1) production was measured using ELISA. DNA and collagen synthesis was determined by measuring the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [3H]proline, respectively. ALP activity was determined colorimetrically. All measurements were normalized to total amount of protein. Results and Conclusions: LPS enhanced the inflammatory characteristics of PDL cells, reflected by enhanced production of IL-6 and MCP-1 but did not effect CRP production. LPS had no effect on collagen and DNA synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity, however, which suggests that LPS does not affect the physiological properties of PDL cells. Estrogen did not reverse LPS-induced IL-6 and MCP-1 production. The present study suggests that PDL cells in response to LPS via enhanced MCP-1 production contribute to the recruitment of leucocytes to the area of inflammation in periodontitis.
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| 10. |
- Jönsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Immunocytochemical demonstration of estrogen receptor beta in human periodontal ligament cells.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Archives of Oral Biology. - 1879-1506 .- 0003-9969. ; 49:1, s. 85-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two transcription associated estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes have been identified and named ERα and ERβ. In the present study we investigate the expression of these ER subtypes in cultured human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells by immunocytochemistry. ERβ immunoreactivity was observed in the nuclei of about 40% of the PDL cells, while no ERα immunoreactivity was detected. In human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, serving as positive controls, both ERα and ERβ immunoreactivities were demonstrated. No immunoreactivity was observed after omission of the primary antibodies. This study suggests that estrogen acts on gene transcription preferentially via ERβ in human PDL cells.
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| 11. |
- Jönsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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LPS-induced MCP-1 and IL-6 production is not reversed by oestrogen in human periodontal ligament cells.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Archives of Oral Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1506 .- 0003-9969. ; Jun 11, s. 896-902
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells express oestrogen receptors but the functional importance of oestrogen in PDL cells exposed to bacterial endotoxins is not known. Here we investigate if the inflammation promoter lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects PDL cell production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), C-reactive protein (CRP) and/or normal functional PDL cell characteristics such as collagen synthesis and cell proliferation and if oestrogen modulates the effects of LPS. METHODS: PDL cells were obtained from periodontal ligament of premolars. PDL cells were treated with Escherichia coli LPS in the absence or presence of oestrogen (17beta-oestradiol, E(2)). Cellular concentration of IL-6, MCP-1 and CRP was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Collagen synthesis was determined by l-[(3)H]proline incorporation. Cell proliferation was assessed by DNA synthesis measurement using [(3)H]thymidine incorporation. RESULTS: Stimulation with LPS (500ng/ml to 10mug/ml) increased IL-6 production in a concentration-dependent manner. Lower concentration (100ng/ml) of LPS had no effect. LPS-induced stimulation of IL-6 was not reversed by a physiologically high concentration (100nM) of E(2). LPS increased also MCP-1 production which was unaffected by E(2). Treatment with E(2) alone had no effect on either IL-6 or MCP-1. Stimulation with LPS had no effect on CRP. LPS did not affect collagen synthesis and cell proliferation, reflecting normal physiological properties of PDL cells. CONCLUSIONS: LPS stimulates PDL cell IL-6 and MCP-1 production but has no effect on the normal physiological properties of PDL cells. LPS-induced IL-6 and MCP-1 is not reversed by oestrogen suggesting that oestrogen exerts no anti-inflammatory effect via this mechanism.
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| 12. |
- Jönsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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LPS induces GROα chemokine production via NFκB in oral fibroblasts
- 2009
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Ingår i: Inflammation Research. - : Springer. - 1023-3830 .- 1420-908X. ; 11:58, s. 791-796
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: Chemotaxis of neutrophils from blood to the inflammation process plays an important role in development of periodontal inflammation. The novel chemokine GROalpha, also named CXCL1, is a strong chemoattractant for neutrophils. Data on production and regulation of GROalpha by oral fibroblasts have not previously been presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS: GROalpha mRNA and protein levels were determined in human periodontal ligament cells and mouse gingival fibroblasts by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. RESULTS: We disclose that both human periodontal ligament cells and mouse gingival fibroblasts produce GROalpha in response to LPS stimulation. Stimulation with LPS for 24 h increased both mRNA for GROalpha and GROalpha protein. The steroid hormone estrogen had no effect on LPS-induced GROalpha mRNA expression. Treatment with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone attenuated LPS-induced GROalpha production, and the NF-kappaB blocker MG 132 fully prevented LPS-induced GROalpha. CONCLUSIONS: Oral fibroblasts respond to LPS stimulation by increasing GROalpha production via the transcription factor NF-kappaB, suggesting that this mechanism may be involved in development of periodontal inflammation.
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| 13. |
- Jönsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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LPS specifically enhances production of MCP-1 and IL-6 in human periodontal ligament cells
- 2007
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of LPS on the production of chemokines and cytokines in periodontal ligament cells (PDL cells) and if LPS affects functional characteristics of the cells, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen and DNA-synthesis. We also assessed if estrogen modulated the LPS-induced responses. Material and Methods: Explants were obtained from the middle third of root surface from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. Cells were allowed to migrate from explants and were used in passages 3-4. Aortic tissue was obtained from NMRI mice. Production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed using ELISA. Transcriptional activity of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) gene was examined using real-time RT-PCR. ALP activity was measured using a substrate solution and read colormetrically. Collagen and DNA-synthesis were measured using the radiolabeled isotopes proline and thymidine, respectively. The measurements were corrected to the total amount of protein according to the Lowry method. Results: LPS enhanced the production of MCP-1 and IL-6 in PDL cells in a time and dose dependent manner, but had no effect on CRP production. The effects of LPS in PDL cells were not reversed by estrogen. LPS did not affect ALP activity, collagen and DNA-synthesis in PDL cells. LPS enhanced the transcriptional activity of MIP-2 in smooth muscle cells (SMCs). LPS induced MIP-2 was attenuated by a physiological concentration of estrogen (100nM). Conclusion: LPS enhances the production of MCP-1 and IL-6 in PDL cells in a specific manner. LPS induced MCP-1 production in PDL-cells suggests an important role of PDL cells in recruiting leucocytes to the periodontal ligament. Down-regulation of MIP-2 gene by estrogen suggests that estrogen exerts an anti-inflammatory effect via this mechanism.
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| 14. |
- Jönsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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The human periodontal ligament cell : a fibroblast-like cell acting as an immune cell
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Periodontal Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-3484 .- 1600-0765. ; 46:2, s. 153-157
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Periodontal ligament cells are fibroblast-like cells characterized by collagen production but also possessing some osteoblastic features. In the light of numerous studies presented during recent times, which show that human periodontal ligament cells also produce cytokines and chemokines in response to inflammation promoters, it is reasonable to suggest that periodontal ligament cells play a role as promoters of periodontal inflammation through these mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The periodontal ligament, which harbours the periodontal ligament cells, is a part of the attachment apparatus comprised of periodontal ligament cells, extracellular matrix and fibres, attaching the root cement to the alveolar bone. Periodontal ligament cells are in close proximity to bacteria within the plaque and the pocket, and thus these cells are readily accessible to bacterial endotoxins and other promoters of inflammation. RESULTS: Cytokines and chemokines, released by periodontal ligament cells upon stimulation with inflammation promoters, reach the blood vessels easily thanks to rich vascularization of the periodontium stimulating recruitment of white blood cells to the site of inflammation. In addition to classical inflammatory cells, such as leucocytes, macrophages and mast cells, the periodontal ligament cells also contribute to periodontal inflammation via their production and release of cytokines and chemokines. CONCLUSION: Therefore, pharmacological treatment of periodontitis should aim to reduce the release of proinflammatory agents not only from classical inflammatory cells but also from periodontal ligament cells.
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| 15. |
- Nebel, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of ovariectomy and aging on tooth attachment in female mice assessed by morphometric analysis
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 67:1, s. 8-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Non-human primates, dogs, rats, hamsters and ferrets, have frequently been used as laboratory animals in periodontal biology and pathology. In the past, mice have been used less for this purpose, but nowadays attract a lot of interest because gene knockout and transgenic technologies utilize mice primarily. In this study, we investigate the effects of ovariectomy and aging on tooth attachment in female mice. Material and methods. Eight-week-old mice (n=15) were divided into three experimental groups (control, n=5; sham-operated, n=5; ovariectomy, n=5) and ovaries removed bilaterally. Attachment level, assessed by measuring alveolar bone height and apical termination of the junctional epithelium, was determined 6 weeks post-ovariectomy by digital morphometric analysis in sagittal sections of the mandible. The plasma level of the inflammation marker serum amyloid A (SAA) was determined by ELISA. In another series of experiments, tooth attachment was determined in female mice (n=7) at 8–26 weeks of age. Results. Withdrawal of female sex hormone production by ovariectomy had no effect on alveolar bone height and apical termination of the junctional epithelium. The SAA level in plasma was unaffected by removal of the ovaries, suggesting that systemic inflammation is not induced by ovariectomy. Bone height was similar in mice sacrificed at 8–26 weeks of age and apical termination of the junctional epithelium was at the cemento-enamel junction at all ages. Conclusions. Removal of ovarian production of female sex hormones by ovariectomy has no influence on tooth attachment, and further tooth attachment is preserved with age in female mice.
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| 16. |
- Nebel, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Estrogen affects gene expression in LPS stimulated PDL-cells
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 36:suppl 9, s. 61-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The periodontal ligament cells (PDL cells) play a key role in the formation of the periodontal ligament but these cells have other functions as well. The PDL cells express estrogen receptors but the functional importance is not known. Estrogen modulates inflammation and our hypothesis is that estrogen protects the periodontium via an anti-inflammatory effect on PDL cells. Aim: To identify genes regulated by estrogen in LPS-treated human PDL cells by whole genome arrays. Materials and methods: PDL cells were obtained from human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons. The cells were divided into two groups. One group was pre-treated with 17β-estradiol (E2, 100 nM) for 2 h and then with Escherichia coli LPS (500ng/ml) for 24 h. The other group was treated with LPS only. Total RNA was extracted and purified by RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen®, USA). A whole genome microarray was performed (Affymetrix®, USA) comparing gene expression in the two groups. The cut-off limit was set to a twofold change. Results and Conclusion: Estrogen caused an up-regulation of 38 genes, while 28 genes were down-regulated. Estrogen regulated genes associated with cell-metabolism and cell-signalling but also genes associated with early the inflammatory response. The functional significance of these findings is now determined by e.g. measuring protein levels with ELISA. We conclude that estrogen regulates gene expression in human PDL cells exposed to LPS.
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| 17. |
- Nebel, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Genes regulated by estrogen in human PDL cells by whole genome arrays
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The periodontal ligament cells (PDL cells) play a key role in the formation of the periodontal ligament but these cells have other functions as well. The PDL cells express estrogen receptors but the functional importance is not known. Estrogen modulates inflammation and our hypothesis is that estrogen protects the periodontium via an anti-inflammatory effect on PDL cells. Aim: To identify genes regulated by estrogen in LPS-treated human PDL cells by whole genome arrays. Materials and methods: PDL cells were obtained from human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons. The cells were divided into two groups. One group was pre-treated with 17ÿ-estradiol (E2, 100 nM) for 2 h and then with Escherichia coli LPS (500ng/ml) for 24 h. The other group was treated with LPS only. Total RNA was extracted and purified by RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen®, USA). A whole genome microarray was performed (Affymetrix®, USA) comparing gene expression in the two groups. The cut-off limit was set to a twofold change. Results and Conclusion: Estrogen caused an up-regulation of 38 genes, while 28 genes were down-regulated. Estrogen regulated genes associated with cell-metabolism and cell-signalling but also genes associated with early the inflammatory response. The functional significance of these findings is now determined by e.g. measuring protein levels with ELISA. We conclude that estrogen regulates gene expression in human PDL cells exposed to LPS.
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| 18. |
- Nilsson, Bengt-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Förbättrade mitokondrier kan fördröja åldrandet
- 2009
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Ingår i: Tandläkartidningen. - 0039-6982. ; 101:6, s. 60-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studier pekar på att en förbättrad mitokondriefunktion kan motverka åldrande generellt och parodondalt.
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| 19. |
- Sinkiewicz, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of dietary supplementation with lactobacillus reuteri on the oral flora of healthy subjects
- 2010
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 34:4, s. 197-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigate the presence of Lactobacillus reuteri in saliva after supplementation with L. reuteri and the probiotic effect of L. reuteri on plaque index and supra- and subgingival microbiota. Material and Methods: The study included 23 healthy individuals, randomised into test or control subjects. At baseline and after 12 weeks saliva samples, plaque index and supra- and subgingival plaque samples were obtained. The test subjects were given the study product (containing L. reuteri, ATCC 55730 and ATCC PTA 5289) and the control subjects placebo for 12 weeks. Microbiological analyses were done by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique and selective culturing for lactobacilli determination. Results: A significant increase in total Lactobacillus counts in saliva occurred in both groups (p<0.05) with a significant increase of L. reuteri (p=0.008) in the test group. Ter- mination of intervention resulted in a wash out of L. reuteri. The control group demon- strated a statistically significant increase in PlI after 12 weeks (p=0.023) whilst there was no significant change in the test group. A significant increase was found for most bacterial species in both groups in supra- and subgingival plaque with no significant difference for any of the species between the groups. The ratio between ”bad/good” supragingival bacteria decreased for the test group but this decrease did not reach significance. The corresponding ratio for subgingival bacteria decreased significantly in both groups. Supplementation of L. reuteri resulted in presence of L. reuteri in saliva but L. reuteri was washed out after termination of intervention. No significant effect on supra- or subgingival microbiota was observed. The significant increase in PlI in the control group with no significant change in the test group may, however, indicate a probiotic effect of L. reuteri in this study population.
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| 20. |
- Sinkiewicz, Gabriela, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri on the oral flora of healthy subjects
- 2009
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - : Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 33:4, s. 211-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this stydy was to assess whether supplementation of Lactobacillus reuteri could have an impact on the oral microbiota. Material and Methods: Twent-three healthy people aged 29 to 63 years were included. A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study was executed consisting of 12 persons in the test group which was given the study product twice a day for twelve weeks containing L. reuteri (an equal mix of ATCC 55730 and PTA 5289 at a total of 2x108 CFU/dose) and the control group of 11 persons having corresponding placebo. Pre and post of study period plaque index and oral health status (gingivitis, probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing) were measured together with sampling of supra-, subgingival plaque and saliva collection. Microbiological analysis was done by using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique and selective culturing for lactobacilli determination. Four weeks after the last intake of the product reassessments of plaque and saliva was performed. Results: No difference in general oral health could be observed between the groups after L. reuteri supplementation. Plaque index increased significantly in the control group after twelve weeks (p= 0.023). A significant increase in total Lactobacillus counts in saliva occurred in both groups (p<0.05). The probiotic intervention resulted in a significant increase of L. reuteri (p=0.008) corresponding to 13.8% of the total lactobacilli couont. A distribution ratio of 1:4 (ATCC 55730/ATCC PTA 5289) between the two installed L. reuteri strains in saliva was noticed. Termination of intervention resulted in a wash out of L. reuteri. A significant increase was found for most bacterial species in both groups and both in supra- and subgingival plaque during the test period. There was no significant difference detected for any of the bacterial species between the groups neither in plaque location. The ratio between "bad/good" supragingival bacteria decreased for the test group, however, not significant. The corresponding ratio for subgingival bacteria decreased significantly for both groups (p= 0.05)with no significant difference between the groups. Conclusions: The supplementation of L. reuteri did not affect general oral health. Presence of L. reuteri in saliva is only temporary and washed out after termination of intervention. Microbiologically no significant effect of the probiosis was observed. It can not be concluded whether L. reuteri was established in the plaque of the test group or not.
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| 21. |
- Sinkiewicz, Gabriela, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri on the oral flora of healthy subjects
- 2010
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - : Swedish dental association. - 0347-9994. ; 34:4, s. 197-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Avsikten med studien var att undersöka förekomsten av Lactobacillus reuteri i saliv ef- ter användandet av ett probiotiskt kosttillskott innehållande L. reuteri samt fastställa om L. reuteri har effekt på plackindex (PlI) samt på den supra- och subgingivala mikrofloran. Studien var dubbelblind, randomiserad, placebokontrollerad och löpte över 12 veckor. Totalt deltog 23 friska individer randomiserade i test- respektive kontrollgrupp. I försöket testades placebotuggummi mot tuggummi med L. reuteri (ATCC 55730 och ATCC PTA 5289). Tuggummi togs 2 gånger per dag, morgon och kväll efter tandborstning. Startda- gen och efter 12 veckor samlades vilosaliv samt plack supra- och subgingivalt. Dessutom bedömdes plackindex enligt Silness & Löe på 4 indextänder mesialt och distalt. Efter ytterligare 4 veckor gjordes en uppföljning med prov på saliv och bedömning av plack på indextänderna. Mikrobiologisk analys utfördes med hjälp av checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridiseringsteknik samt odling på selektiva medier för bestämning av laktobacill- populationen. Totala laktobacillhalten i saliv ökade signifikant i båda grupperna (p<0,05) med en signifikant ökning av L. reuteri i testgruppen (p=0,008). Efter 16 veckor påträffades ingen L. reuteri i saliv. Kontrollgruppen visade en signifikant ökning av PII efter 12 veckor (p=0,023), medan testgruppen inte visade någon förändring. I båda grupperna regist- rerades en signifikant ökning supra- och subgingivalt av de flesta bakteriearter, men det fanns ingen signifikant skillnad mellan grupperna för undersökta bakterier. Kvoten mellan ”onda/goda” supragingivala bakterier minskade i testgruppen men var inte sig- nifikant. Motsvarande kvot för subgingivala bakterier minskade signifikant i båda grup- perna. Slutsats: Intag av L. reuteri resulterade i förekomst av L. reuteri i saliv men bakterien måste tillföras kontinuerligt. Ingen signifikant förändring i den undersökta supra- och subgingivala mikrofloran kunde påvisas. Den signifikanta ökningen i PlI i kontrollgruppen utan motsvarande förändring i testgruppen kan tyda på en probiotisk effekt av L. reuteri i denna population
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| 22. |
- Stagnér, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical evaluation of local antibiotic treatment in smokers with chronic periodontitis in a maintenance care program
- 2009
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 33:4, s. 201-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka om lokal antibiotika gel, 8,8 % Doxycyklin (Atridox®), kan förbättra läkningen av inflammerade tandköttsfickor hos vuxna rökande patienter under stödbehandling. Material och Metod I den här experimentellt blinda randomiserade studien valdes 20 rökande patienter (≥ 10 cigaretter/dag) med diagnos kronisk parodontit ut från ett parodontalt stödbehandlingsprogram. Varje patient hade ≥ 5 tänder, och ≥ 5 tandköttsfickor med fickdjup ≥ 5 millimeter. Patienterna indelades i två grupper, 10 i testgruppen (Doxycyklingel 8,8 %, Atridox®) och 10 i kontrollgruppen (Placebogel). Vid baseline och 3 månader efter behandling utfördes följande kliniska registreringar: fickdjup (PPD), klinisk fästenivå (CAL), blödning vid sondering (BOP), och plackindex (PLI) vid 4 ytor på alla indextänder. Mätning av mängden gingivalexudat (GI) utfördes vid 2 ytor på indextänder. Tandhygienist (KS) utförde scaling och debridering i hela bettet, även molarer (full-mouth). Tandläkare behandlade omgående patienterna i testgruppen med applicering av antibiotikagel Atridox® i minst 5 tandköttsfickor med primärt fickdjup ≥ 5 millimeter och blödning vid sondering. Patienterna i kontrollgruppen fick placebogel applicerad på motsvarande sätt. Efter applikationen av gel sköljde patienterna med 0,1 % klorhexidin i 7-10 dagar då mekanisk munhygien inte fick utföras under den perioden. Statistiska analyser Statistikprogram som användes var StatXact och Excel. Statistiska metoder Wilcoxon rank och Wilcoxon tecken rank test. P-värden ≤ 0.05 har bedömts som statistiskt signifikanta. Medelvärden över alla tänder/ytor har använts för varje patient och med patienten som statistisk enhet. Resultat När studien avslutades var det 16 patienter kvar. 4 patienter exkluderades ur studien på grund av sjukdom. Dessvärre visade det sig att bortfallet endast var i testgruppen som då bestod av 4 kvinnor och 2 män med genomsnittsålder 56,3 år. I kontrollgruppen ingick 5 kvinnor och 5 män med genomsnittsålder 59,4 år. Tre månader efter behandling noterades signifikant förbättring för testgruppen avseende PPD -1.36 mm (p=0.0313), signifikant förbättring för kontrollgruppen avseende PPD -1.07 mm (p=0.0020), CAL -0.65 mm (p=0.0200) och BoP (p=0.0078). Efter 3 månader fanns det ingen signifikant skillnad mellan test- och kontrollgrupp avseende samtliga parametrar. När resultaten av samtliga tänder (inklusive indextänder) analyserades noterades signifikant förbättring av PPD för både test- (p=0.0313) och kontrollgrupp (p=0.0039). Signifikant förbättring noterades även för kontrollgruppen av BOP, CAL och GI. Ingen signifikant skillnad mellan doxycyklin- respektive placebobehandlade bett avseende samtliga parametrar. Slutsats Resultatet av den här randomiserade kontrollerade studien kunde inte visa statistisk signifikant skillnad mellan test- och kontrollgrupp i det här begränsade materialet. Lokal antibiotikabehandling med 8,8 % Doxycyklingel (Atridox®) hade inte någon tilläggseffekt till scaling och debridering hos vuxna rökare med diagnos kronisk parodontit i ett stödbehandlingsprogram. Resultatet visade god läkning och signifikant förbättring av inflammerade tandköttsfickor efter subgingival scaling och debridering i både test- och kontrollgrupp utan någon skillnad mellan antibiotika- och placebogel.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Stagnér, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Klinisk utvärdering av lokal antibiotikabehandling hos rökare i ett parodontalt stödbehandlingsprogram
- 2009
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Ingår i: Tandhygienisttidningen. - 1102-6146. ; 29:6, s. 41-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- KLINISK UTVÄRDERING AV LOKAL ANTIBIOTIKABEHANDLING HOS RÖKARE I ETT PARODONTALT STÖDBEHANDLINGSPROGRAM. Författare Kerstin Stagnér. Medförfattare Gunilla Bratthall, Avdelning för Parodontologi, Odontologiska Fakulteten, Malmö Högskola. Syfte - Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka om lokal antibiotika gel, 8,8 % Doxycyklin (Atridox®), kan förbättra läkningen av inflammerade tandköttsfickor hos vuxna rökande patienter under stödbehandling. Material och Metod. I den här experimentellt blinda randomiserade studien valdes 20 rökande patienter (≥ 10 cigaretter/dag) med diagnos kronisk parodontit ut från ett parodontalt stödbehandlingsprogram. Varje patient hade ≥ 5 tänder, och ≥ 5 tandköttsfickor med fickdjup ≥ 5 millimeter. Patienterna indelades i två grupper, 10 i testgruppen (Doxycyklingel 8,8 %, Atridox®) och 10 i kontrollgruppen (Placebogel). Vid baseline och 3 månader efter behandling utfördes följande kliniska registreringar: fickdjup (PPD), klinisk fästenivå (CAL), blödning vid sondering (BOP), och plackindex (PLI) vid 4 ytor på alla indextänder. Mätning av mängden gingivalexudat (GI) utfördes vid 2 ytor på indextänder. Tandhygienist (KS) utförde scaling och debridering i hela bettet, även molarer (full-mouth). Tandläkare behandlade omgående patienterna i testgruppen med applicering av antibiotikagel Atridox® i minst 5 tandköttsfickor med primärt fickdjup ≥ 5 millimeter och blödning vid sondering. Patienterna i kontrollgruppen fick placebogel applicerad på motsvarande sätt. Efter applikationen av gel sköljde patienterna med 0,1 % klorhexidin i 7-10 dagar då mekanisk munhygien inte fick utföras under den perioden. Statistiska analyser. Statistikprogram som användes var StatXact och Excel. Statistiska metoder Wilcoxon rank och Wilcoxon tecken rank test. P-värden ≤ 0.05 har bedömts som statistiskt signifikanta. Medelvärden över alla tänder/ytor har använts för varje patient och med patienten som statistisk enhet. Resultat. När studien avslutades var det 16 patienter kvar. 4 patienter exkluderades ur studien på grund av sjukdom. Dessvärre visade det sig att bortfallet endast var i testgruppen som då bestod av 4 kvinnor och 2 män med genomsnittsålder 56,3 år. I kontrollgruppen ingick 5 kvinnor och 5 män med genomsnittsålder 59,4 år. Tre månader efter behandling noterades signifikant förbättring för testgruppen avseende PPD -1.36 mm (p=0.0313), signifikant förbättring för kontrollgruppen avseende PPD -1.07 mm (p=0.0020), CAL -0.65 mm (p=0.0200) och BoP (p=0.0078). Efter 3 månader fanns det ingen signifikant skillnad mellan test- och kontrollgrupp avseende samtliga parametrar. När resultaten av samtliga tänder (inklusive indextänder) analyserades noterades signifikant förbättring av PPD för både test- (p=0.0313) och kontrollgrupp (p=0.0039). Signifikant förbättring noterades även för kontrollgruppen av BOP, CAL och GI. Ingen signifikant skillnad mellan doxycyklin- respektive placebobehandlade bett avseende samtliga parametrar. Slutsats. Resultatet av den här randomiserade kontrollerade studien kunde inte visa statistisk signifikant skillnad mellan test- och kontrollgrupp i det här begränsade materialet. Lokal antibiotikabehandling med 8,8 % Doxycyklingel (Atridox®) hade inte någon tilläggseffekt till scaling och debridering hos vuxna rökare med diagnos kronisk parodontit i ett stödbehandlingsprogram. Resultatet visade god läkning och signifikant förbättring av inflammerade tandköttsfickor efter subgingival scaling och debridering i både test- och kontrollgrupp utan någon skillnad mellan antibiotika- och placebogel.
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| 25. |
- Wallin Bengtsson, Viveca, et al.
(författare)
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Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and periodontitis : a pilot study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - : Swedish Dental Association. - 0347-9994. ; 35:1, s. 33-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Målet med studien var att undersöka om parodontala parametrar och elastas i gingivalvätska (GCF) skilde sig hos individer med alfa-1-antrypsin-brist (AAT-brist) jämfört med individer med normal AAT-halt. I studien ingick 30 individer, varav 20 med allvarlig AAT-brist, fenotyp PiZZ. Tio individer med AAT- brist led av kronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom (KOL) (grupp 1) och 10 var symptomfria (grupp 2). Tio individer med normal AAT-halt, fenotyp PiMM (grupp 3), utgjorde kontrollgrupp och rekryterades från en allmäntandvårdsklinik. Undersökningen bestod av insamling av GCF, gingivalindex (GI), plackindex (PlI), fickdjupsmätning (PPD) och röntgen. GCF samlades in med hjälp av pappers-strips (Periopaper®). AAT i plasma mättes med nefelometri och AAT i GCF mättes med ELISA. Elastasaktivitet och proteinmängd i GCF bestämdes med spektrofotometri. Medelvärden för GI, PlI, PPD och röntgenmätningar visade inga statistiskt signifikanta skillnader mellan grupperna. AAT i plasma och GCF visade mycket låga värden i grupp 1 och 2 utan några signifikanta skillnader mellan grupperna men en signifikant skillnad i jämförelse med grupp 3. Elastas i gingivalvätska visade inga skillnader mellan de tre grupperna. Sammanfattningsvis visade varken parodontala värden eller elastas i GCF några skillnader hos individer med AAT- brist, fenotyp PiZZ, jämfört med individer med normal AAT-halt, fenotyp PiMM, i detta material.
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| 26. |
- Wallin Bengtsson, Viveca, et al.
(författare)
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Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and periodontitis, a pilot study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical periodontology. ; 39:supplement 9, s. 88-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Proteases are capable of tissue breakdown. Plasma and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) contain antiproteases, such as alfa-1-antitirypsin (AAT). Lack of AAT may lead to periodontal destruction. The aim was to study if periodontal parameters and elastase in GCF and plasma are different in AAT deficient subjects compared to subjects without AAT deficiency. Material & methods: 30 subjects were included, 20 of whom with severe AAT deficiency. Ten of them suffered from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (group 1) and 10 were asymptomatic (group 2). Ten control subjects (group 3) were recruited from a public dental clinic. The examination comprised GCF, Gingival index (GI), Plaque Index (PlI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and radiography. GCF was collected with paper strips (Periopaper®). Plasma AAT concentration was measured by nephelometry and AAT in GCF with ELISA. Elastase activity and protein in plasma and GCF were determined by spectrophotometry. Results: The mean values for GI, PlI, PPD and the radiological measurements did not show any statistically significant differences between the groups. AAT in GCF and plasma did not show any significant difference between group 1 and 2 but a statistical difference in comparison with group 3. Elastase in GCF and plasma did not show any difference between the three groups. In conclusion no differences were found between AAT deficient subjects and healthy controls in this limited material.
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| 27. |
- Zee, Kwan Yat, et al.
(författare)
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Implication of cervical enamel projection to furcation involvement in molars. A pilot clinical study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - : Swedish Dental Association. - 0347-9994. ; 27:3, s. 105-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of cervical enamel projection (CEP) with furcation involvement (FI) and compare the healing response of molars with or without CEP after surgery. A total of 30 patients contributing 78 maxillary and mandibular first or second molars were included. Plaque Index (PII), Gingival Index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and probing attachment level (PAL) were measured before surgery and 1 and 3 or 6 months postoperatively. During surgery, CEPs were identified and classified with a modified grading system from Masters & Hoskins (24). FI was measured hori-zontally from the buccal aspect into the furcation with a graduated probe to the nearest mm. Any measurement > or = 1 mm was consid-ered as FI. CEPs were found in 33 molars (42%). Grade III CEPs were found in 14 teeth, Grade IIIb in 4 teeth, Grade II in 1 tooth and Grade I in 14 teeth. The results showed no significant correlation of CEP with FI. Nor was CEP significantly affecting the PPD and PAL 3 or 6 months after surgery. However, FI was a significant factor in the fur-ther loss of PAL after surgery. Further studies, involving larger sample size may be necessary in order to give more conclusive results.
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| 28. |
- Zee, Kwan Yat, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of cervical enamel projection and its correlation with furcation involvement in eskimos dry skulls
- 2003
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 27:1, s. 43-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of cervi-cal enamel projection (CEP) in molars of Eskimo dry skulls and to study the correlation of CEP with furcation involvement (FI). The ma-terial consisted of 834 upper and lower first and second permanent molars from 133 Eskimo dry skulls. CEPs were investigated from the buccal aspect of the tooth and classified according to a system modi-fied from Masters & Hoskins (12). FI was measured horizontally from the buccal aspect into the furcation with a graduated probe to the nearest mm. Any measurement > or = 2 mm was considered to have positive FI. The result showed a presence of 72% of CEPs among the examined molars. Grade III was found in 53%, Grade II in 9% and Grade I in 11% of the 834 molars. Lower molars had a higher preva-lence of CEPs (78%) than upper molars (67%). With the individual skull used as the unit for analysis, a statistically significant correlation of CEP with FI was found in upper right 2nd molar, upper left 1st mo-lar, lower left 1st and 2nd molars and lower right 1st molar. These re-sults may be of clinical importance since the impact of CEPs to perio-dontal treatment of FIs has been discussed.
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